EP3498806A1 - System für pulverzuführung durch erzeugung einer fliehkraft, verfahren und anlage zum vergasen einer ladung von kohlenstoffhaltigem material in einem flugstromreaktor, der ein solches system verwendet - Google Patents

System für pulverzuführung durch erzeugung einer fliehkraft, verfahren und anlage zum vergasen einer ladung von kohlenstoffhaltigem material in einem flugstromreaktor, der ein solches system verwendet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3498806A1
EP3498806A1 EP18211950.3A EP18211950A EP3498806A1 EP 3498806 A1 EP3498806 A1 EP 3498806A1 EP 18211950 A EP18211950 A EP 18211950A EP 3498806 A1 EP3498806 A1 EP 3498806A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
powder
casing
cyclone
injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18211950.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3498806B1 (de
Inventor
Christian Perret
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Publication of EP3498806A1 publication Critical patent/EP3498806A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/20—Waste feed arrangements using airblast or pneumatic feeding

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a powder supply system for a part of a downstream installation, such as a reactor in a thermochemical conversion plant.
  • the invention relates more particularly to an application of food, pressurized containers or not, in powders of carbonaceous material charge, such as biomass, coal or any other type of powders such as a crushed waste ...
  • the Containers to be fed can advantageously be gasification reactors, or other thermochemical conversion systems.
  • the mass flow rates of solid can be very variable, from a few kilograms up to several tons per hour in industrial conditions.
  • the invention aims to improve such powder supply systems.
  • the invention finds its application in a process for gasification of biomass and, more generally, carbonaceous material feedstock, in a flow-type gasification reactor driven, to produce fuels or fuels.
  • the invention can be used for the conversion of other charges of carbonaceous material (coal, pet coke, organic waste ...) or solid recovered fuels (CSR).
  • carbonaceous filler means any combustible material consisting of carbon-containing compounds.
  • biomass ie any inhomogeneous material of plant origin containing carbon, such as lignocellulosic biomass, forest or agricultural residues (straw), or household waste. All these loads can be dry or wet.
  • CSR solid recovery fuels
  • thermochemically converting biomass or other charges into liquid or gaseous fuel by chemical synthesis necessarily include a step of gasification of the carbonaceous feedstock for obtain a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2).
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • H2 hydrogen
  • the actual gasification step is carried out continuously from the carbonaceous filler of different types and sizes, usually stored at atmospheric pressure.
  • the gasification of biomass and coal has been known for a long time. In general, it can be defined as a thermochemical transformation of biomass or coal by the action of heat in the presence of gassing agents. It is sought to generate, after the gasification, a gas mixture said synthesis gas which comprises carbon monoxide and hydrogen (CO + H2) among others.
  • the gasification processes of the lignocellulosic biomass make it possible to generate a synthesis gas which makes it possible to produce downstream either liquid fuels or other organic products.
  • This gasification takes place in the presence typically of water vapor at 1300-1600 ° C for driven flow reactors (RFE).
  • RFE driven flow reactors
  • these processes convert carbon from biomass with a gas at the outlet of the gasifier with an average composition of 20-25% CO, 8-12% CH 4 , 18-22% CO 2 and about 38-42% in H 2 and organic compounds C 2 to C 16 plus inorganic compounds.
  • the primary reason for pulverizing the biomass material is the need for sufficiently rapid gasification of the particles that make it up. Indeed, for the powder has time to be completely gasified during its fall in the reactor it must be sufficiently fine.
  • the atomized jet is then brought into contact with the oxidizing agent, a mixture of oxygen and water vapor.
  • the mixture with the oxidant must be done quickly and in the most homogeneous manner possible.
  • the combustion of a part of the material is one option among others to bring the necessary heat to the gasification process.
  • the biomass is injected into the entrained flow reactor (RFE) preferably via a small diameter tube, typically from 1 cm to a few centimeters, which makes it possible to limit the rise of heat and gas in the biomass feed system. .
  • RFE entrained flow reactor
  • the biomass powder feed of a driven flow gasification reactor and, more generally, a powder feed of various and varied containers, must be made with a conveying device with powder dosing, that is to say which makes it possible to convey and control the quantity of powder, and downstream with a device for the injection of powders into a container, continuously or discontinuously.
  • patent application WO2012 / 152742A1 discloses a rotary lock for metering a powder which feeds directly from the lock a kneader.
  • the patent US9227790B2 relates to a gasification plant for biomass or coal in which the powder is conveyed by a helical worm conveyor.
  • pressurization airlock whose more or less important volume defines the fineness of the dosage.
  • One advantage of locks and pressurizing airlocks is that they also have a sealing effect against possible pressure fluctuations upstream and downstream.
  • the main disadvantage of using a hopper for storing a cohesive powder is that its flow is done by forming a kind of chimney, or even arches that will limit the flow of powder out of the hopper, even prevent it.
  • Another solution usually consists in arranging a large number of metering devices, either in fluidic series with a volume, therefore a decreasing flow rate, for example rotating locks with an increasing number of buckets of decreasing size going towards the point. injection, or in parallel, with an alternating dosage of several devices.
  • this solution has the disadvantage of generating a significant footprint.
  • problems of plugging by compaction of the powder in the cups occur frequently.
  • a conveying with gas also referred to as "aerated injection”
  • a conveying with gas also referred to as "aerated injection”
  • it generates a highly diluted phase flow, which may not be compatible with many downstream processes.
  • thermochemical conversion plant in which the gas does not participate in the reaction and thereby decreases the efficiency.
  • This can be particularly disadvantageous at high pressure, because of the increased density of the gas, which increases the ratios between mass flow rate of the gas and solid mass flow rate.
  • using a conveying gas by diluting the powder particles in a biomass gasification plant would require using a portion of the energy of the gasification reaction to heat the initially cold gas, which would have the effect of undesirable to decrease the overall yield of the reaction.
  • the major disadvantage of the injection cones is that the powder can cause clogging within them, due to the irregular arrival of powder in the form of packets and not constant flow, these packages can also have a certain cohesion due to compaction in the upstream conveying device, such as a worm.
  • One solution is to add a vibratory system to the injection cone, which as for the injection hopper is expensive and does not guarantee the absence of clogging.
  • the object of the invention is to at least partially meet this (these) need (s).
  • the gas circuit comprises a gas inlet duct opening in a tangential direction in the upper part of the cylinder of the casing.
  • the inlet duct may be of rectangular section.
  • the gas circuit comprises a gas outlet duct opening on the top in the axis of the cylinder of the casing.
  • the outlet duct is a cylinder mounted inside and coaxially with the cylinder of the casing.
  • the metering conveying device comprises a worm whose output opens into the cylinder of the envelope.
  • the flow rate of gas forming the cyclone is of the order of 3.5 l / s, for a conveyed powder particle rate of between 0 and 50 kg / h.
  • the size of the particles of powder conveyed is between 10 .mu.m and 1 mm.
  • the invention essentially consists in creating a fluidization of the powder by generating a cyclone of entrainment gas of the powder particles in the volume of an injection envelope.
  • the circulation circuit is configured to circulate the gas in closed circuit by recovering the gas having circulated on the top of the envelope to reinject it tangentially to the cylinder of the envelope in its upper part.
  • the rotational speeds of the gas within the cyclone are sufficiently high to entrain the powder particles that are discharged through the outlet of the cone by gravity, that is to say by their own weight.
  • a continuous installation implements the process of a gasification of a carbonaceous charge by supplying the charge under a powder by a system 1 adapted, in a reactor 4 of type to driven flow.
  • the gasification reactor 4 entrained flow (EFR or RFE, English acronym for "entrained flow reactor”) preferably operating at temperatures typically between 1300 to 1600 ° C and a pressure between 30 and 50 bars is fed with continuous by the load by a conveying device with dosage 2.
  • the carbonaceous material feed is prepared by grinding to be put into the form of a powder P which is stored in a suitable storage hopper 20.
  • the continuous feed with metering is carried out by means of at least one worm 21, for example as described in the patent application. WO 2005/092749 .
  • an injection cone 3 which makes it possible to inject the carbonaceous feed powder directly into the reactor 4 situated below said cone 3.
  • the powder can flow by forming a chimney in the storage hopper 20, possibly with the formation of arches which will limit the flow of powder out of the hopper 20 or even prevent it.
  • the powder may tend to compact in the worm 21, which can lead to the blocking of the latter.
  • the irregular arrival of the powder in the form of packets and not constant flow in the injection cone 3 can lead to clogging, the packets may also have some cohesion due to compaction in the worm 21 .
  • FIGS. 2A to 2F show different variants of pressurized gas injection devices for fluidifying the powder which feeds a cone 3 or injection hopper.
  • the gas injection also has the major drawbacks of creating overpressures in the powder injection device and generating a gas stream which is injected additionally into the downstream thermochemical reactor, which is not necessarily desirable.
  • Vibratory devices do not really provide more effective solutions.
  • the inventor has thought to generate a cyclone in the volume of a casing of a powder injection device by performing a gas flow within it.
  • the circulation of the gas is advantageously provided to recover the injected gas and reinject it into the envelope volume, so that it does not escape through the outlet orifice of the powder at the bottom of the envelope.
  • the powder supply system first comprises a powder conveying device 21 which may be customary for supplying the powder inside a powder injection device in the form of an envelope 6.
  • This casing 6 of longitudinal axis X is constituted by a hollow cylinder 60 extended downwards by a truncated cone 61 comprising an outlet orifice 62 or discharge of the powder P.
  • the powder conveying device 21 may comprise a worm whose output opens into the cylinder 60 of the envelope 6.
  • a gas circulation circuit 7 makes it possible to inject gas into the upper part of the cylinder 6.
  • the gas is injected tangentially to the cylinder 60 through an inlet duct 70, circulates internally over at least the height of the cylinder 60 forming a cyclone and then exits through the outlet duct 71.
  • the outlet duct 71 is formed by a coaxial hollow cylinder and mounted partly inside the cylinder 60 of the casing 6.
  • the powder particles can be driven by the rotating gas according to the generated cyclone. Naturally, care is taken to generate gas rotation speeds that are high enough to entrain the P powder particles.
  • the powder P is evacuated under the effect of its own weight by the outlet orifice 62.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the shapes and dimensions to be given to the various components of the powder supply 21, the casing and the gas circuit 7, to effectively generate a cyclone.
  • the rotational speed of the cyclone gas in the hollow cylinder 60 is of the order of 5 m / s.
  • the figure 5 shows the trajectories of the gas G in the outer periphery of the cyclone.
  • the figure 6 shows the trajectory of the P biomass powder particles. It is verified that the particles are taken in the swirling motion of the cyclone, ie driven by the cyclone, towards the bottom of the cone 61. These particles are then evacuated by 62. No particles reach the center of the cyclone because of the cutting diameter of the cyclone much lower than the minimum diameter of the injected particles.
  • the particles of the powder P which can feed the cyclone can be very thin and typically have a size of between 10 microns and 1 mm.
  • the conversion plant into a fuel or a fuel, in particular a liquid fuel, or another synthetic product may be used for the conversion of other feeds of carbonaceous material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
EP18211950.3A 2017-12-13 2018-12-12 System für pulverzuführung durch erzeugung einer fliehkraft, verfahren und anlage zum vergasen einer ladung von kohlenstoffhaltigem material in einem flugstromreaktor, der ein solches system verwendet Active EP3498806B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1762054A FR3074697A1 (fr) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 Systeme d'alimentation en poudre par formation de cyclone, procede et installation de gazeification de charge de matiere carbonee dans un reacteur a flux entraine (rfe) utilisant un tel systeme

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3498806A1 true EP3498806A1 (de) 2019-06-19
EP3498806B1 EP3498806B1 (de) 2020-03-25

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EP18211950.3A Active EP3498806B1 (de) 2017-12-13 2018-12-12 System für pulverzuführung durch erzeugung einer fliehkraft, verfahren und anlage zum vergasen einer ladung von kohlenstoffhaltigem material in einem flugstromreaktor, der ein solches system verwendet

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EP (1) EP3498806B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3074697A1 (de)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110318234A1 (en) * 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 General Electric Company Fluidization device for solid fuel particles
WO2012057921A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-03 General Electric Company Back mixing device for pneumatic conveying systems

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110318234A1 (en) * 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 General Electric Company Fluidization device for solid fuel particles
WO2012057921A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-03 General Electric Company Back mixing device for pneumatic conveying systems

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Publication number Publication date
FR3074697A1 (fr) 2019-06-14
EP3498806B1 (de) 2020-03-25

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