EP3496186A1 - Collecteur de courant, plaque d'électrode le comprenant et batterie - Google Patents

Collecteur de courant, plaque d'électrode le comprenant et batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3496186A1
EP3496186A1 EP18192302.0A EP18192302A EP3496186A1 EP 3496186 A1 EP3496186 A1 EP 3496186A1 EP 18192302 A EP18192302 A EP 18192302A EP 3496186 A1 EP3496186 A1 EP 3496186A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current collector
battery
conductive layer
layer
insulation layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18192302.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3496186B1 (fr
Inventor
Chengdu Liang
Huafeng HUANG
Zuyu Wu
Qisen Huang
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/664—Ceramic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H01M4/662—Alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of battery, and in particular, relates to a current collector, an electrode plate including the current collector, a battery.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have been widely applied in electric vehicles and consumer electronic products due to their advantages such as high energy density, high output power, long cycle life, and low environmental pollution.
  • lithium-ion batteries are subjected to abnormal conditions such as extrusion, collision, or puncture, they can easily catch fire or explode, causing serious problems. Therefore, the safety issue of the lithium-ion batteries greatly limits the application of disclosure and popularization of the lithium-ion batteries.
  • the temperature in the battery may rise when an internal short circuit occurs in the battery due to abnormal conditions such as collision, extrusion, or puncture and the like.
  • alloy having a low melting point is added into the material of a metal current collector. With increasing of the temperature of the battery, the alloy having low-melting point in the current collector begins to melt, thereby resulting in a broken circuit of an electrode plate and cutting off the current. In this way, the safety of the battery is improved.
  • a multilayered current collector is adopted, in which both sides of a resin layer are connected with metal layers to form a composite. When the temperature of the battery reaches a melting point of the material of the resin layer, the resin layer of the current collector melts to damage the electrode plate, thereby cutting off the current, and enhancing the safety of the battery.
  • the present disclosure provides a current collector, an electrode plate including the current collector, and a battery.
  • a first aspect of the present disclosure provides current collector.
  • the current collector includes: an insulation layer; and at least one conductive layer located above at least one surface of the insulation layer.
  • the insulation layer is used to support the at least one conductive layer.
  • the at least one conductive layer is used to support an electrode active material layer.
  • the at least one conductive layer each has a thickness of D2, wherein 300nm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • the current collector further includes a protective layer provided on a surface of each of the at least one conductive layer facing towards the insulation layer.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure provides an electrode plate including the current collector according to the first aspect.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery including the electrode plate according to the second aspect.
  • a protective layer is provided between the insulation layer and the conductive layer, the protective layer has a thickness of D2, which satisfies 300nm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • a short-circuit resistance can be increased in the event of the short circuit under abnormal conditions of the battery, so that the short-circuit current and the short-circuit heats generated during the short circuit are greatly reduced, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the protective layer according to the present disclosure forms an integral supporting structure to protect the conductive layer, thereby preventing the conductive layer from being oxidized, corroded or damaged.
  • the protective layer according to the present disclosure also intensifies the bonding force between the insulation layer and the conductive layer, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the current collector. Therefore, the current collector according to the present disclosure can not only improve the safety performance of the battery, but also have a good operating stability and longer service life.
  • the present disclosure relates to a current collector.
  • the current collector includes an insulation layer and at least one conductive layer located above at least one surface of the insulation layer.
  • the insulation layer is used to support the conductive layer, and the conductive layer is used to support an electrode active material layer.
  • the conductive layer has a thickness of D2, and 300nm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • the current collector further includes a protective layer, and the protective layer is provided on a surface of one of the at least one conductive layer facing towards the insulation layer. That is, the protective layer is provided between the insulation layer and the conductive layer.
  • the insulation layer of the current collector according to the present disclosure is non-conductive, so its resistance is large. This can improve the short circuit resistance of the battery when the short circuit occurs under abnormal conditions, such that the short circuit current can be greatly reduced, and thus the heat generated by the short circuit can be greatly reduced, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the weight energy density of the battery can be increased by replacing the conventional current collector of metal foil with the insulation layer.
  • the current collector according to the present disclosure further includes a conductive layer disposed on the insulation layer, the conductive layer has a specific thickness and is provided with a protective layer.
  • the conductive layer can ensure that the current collector is capable of providing electrons to the electrode active material layer, i.e., the conductive layer has effects of conduction and current collection.
  • the conductive layer having the specific thickness can further guarantee that the current collector has a relatively large resistance, thereby ensuring that the battery has a good safety performance and relatively large weight energy density.
  • the protective layer is located between the insulation layer and the conductive layer in such a manner that an integral supporting structure can be formed to protect the conductive layer, thereby preventing the conductive layer from being oxidized, corroded or damaged.
  • the protective layer according to the present disclosure also intensifies the bonding force between the insulation layer and the conductive layer, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the current collector. Therefore, the current collector according to the present disclosure can not only improve the safety performance of the battery, but also have a good operating stability and a long service life.
  • the conductive layer has a thickness of D2, and 300nm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive layer is made of a material selected from at least one of a metallic conductive material and a carbon-based conductive material.
  • the metallic conductive material is preferably selected from a group consisting of aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, silver, nickel-copper alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, or combinations thereof.
  • the carbon-based conductive material is preferably selected from a group consisting of graphite, acetylene black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or combinations thereof.
  • the above technical problems are solved by using a special current collector, in which an insulation layer is used to support and the thickness of the conductive layer is greatly reduced. Since the insulation layer is non-conductive, the current collector has a relative high resistance. In this way, in the event of the short circuit under abnormal conditions of the battery, a short-circuit resistance can be increased, so that the short-circuit current and the generated short-circuit heat can be greatly reduced, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the internal resistance of the battery includes ohmic internal resistance of the battery and internal resistance of the battery polarization.
  • the resistances of the active material, current collector and interface, and the electrolyte composition all have a significant influence on the internal resistance of the battery.
  • the internal resistance of the battery will be greatly reduced due to the occurrence of the internal short circuit. Therefore, by increasing the resistance of the current collector, the internal resistance of the battery in the event of the short circuit can be increased, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the conductive layer has a thickness which is sufficient to have effects of conduction and current collection. If the thickness of the conductive layer is too small, the effects of conduction and current collection are too poor, the polarization of the battery can be severe, and the conductive layer is also likely to be damaged during the processing process of the electrode plate. If the thickness of the conductive layer is too large, a weight energy density of the battery can be affected, and the resistance of the current collector can be reduced, which is not conducive to improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • An upper limit of the thickness D2 of the conductive layer may be 2 ⁇ m, 1.8 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 1.2 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, or 900nm.
  • a lower limit of the thickness D2 of the conductive layer may be 800nm, 700nm, 600nm, 500nm, 450nm, 400nm, 350nm, or 300nm.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer is in a range consisting of any one upper limit and any one lower limit, preferably, 500nm ⁇ D2 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive layer can formed on the insulation layer by means of at least one of mechanical rolling, bonding, vapor deposition, and electroless plating.
  • vapor deposition physical vapor deposition (PVD) is preferable.
  • the physical vapor deposition is at least one of evaporation deposition and sputtering deposition.
  • the evaporation deposition at least one of vacuum evaporation, thermal evaporation deposition, electron beam evaporation method (EBEM) is preferable.
  • EBEM electron beam evaporation method
  • magnetron sputtering is preferable.
  • the current collector according to the present disclosure includes a protective layer disposed on a surface of the conductive layer facing towards the insulation layer.
  • the protective layer is disposed between the insulation layer and the conductive layer.
  • the protective layer disposed between the insulation layer and the conductive layer is referred to as a lower protective layer.
  • the lower protective layer according to the present disclosure can constitute a complete support structure to protect the conductive layer, so as to better exert a protective effect on the conductive layer, thereby preventing the conductive layer from being oxidized, corroded or damaged.
  • the lower protective layer according to the present disclosure can also enhance the bonding force between the insulation layer and the conductive layer, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the current collector.
  • the lower protective layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of metal, metal oxide, conductive carbon, or combinations thereof.
  • the metal is preferably at least one of nickel, chromium, nickel-based alloy (such as nickel-chromium alloy), or copper-based alloy (such as copper-nickel alloy).
  • the metal oxide is preferably at least one of aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, or nickel oxide.
  • the conductive carbon is preferably at least one of conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, acetylene black, or graphene.
  • the nickel-chromium alloy is an alloy made of metal nickel and metal chromium. In an embodiment, a mole ratio of nickel element to chromium element is 1:99 to 99:1.
  • the copper-based alloy is an alloy formed by adding one or more other elements to a matrix of pure copper. Copper-nickel alloy is preferable. In an embodiment, in the copper-nickel alloy, the mole ratio of nickel element to copper element is 1:99 to 99:1.
  • the material of the protective layer is selected from metal or metal oxide.
  • the current collector is a positive current collector
  • aluminum is usually used as the material of the conductive layer.
  • the lower protective layer is selected from a metallic material, preferred is a metallic material having a hardness greater than a hardness of aluminum and/or a corrosion-resistant metallic material, so as to form a protective layer having the increased hardness and/or corrosion-resistance, thereby providing an effective support for the conductive layer and thus better protecting the conductive layer.
  • the lower protective layer is selected from metal oxide
  • the metal oxide also can provide the effective support for the conductive layer due to its low ductility and high hardness.
  • the lower protective layer made of a metal oxide material can further increase the resistance of the positive current collector to some extent, thereby increasing the short-circuit resistance of battery in the event of short circuit under abnormal conditions, and thus improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the metal oxide has a greater specific surface area, the bonding force between the lower protective layer made of the metal oxide material and the insulation layer is enhanced.
  • the specific surface area of the metal oxide is greater, the lower protective layer provide a greater roughness to the insulation layer, so as to enhance the bonding force between the conductive layer and the insulation layer, thereby increasing the overall strength of the current collector.
  • the lower protective layer has a thickness of D3, in which D3 ⁇ 1/10D2 and 1nm ⁇ D3 ⁇ 200nm. That is, the thickness D3 is smaller than or equal to 1/10 of D2 and is in a range of 1nm to 200nm.
  • An upper limit of the thickness D3 of the lower conductive layer may be 200nm, 180nm, 150nm, 120nm, 100nm, 80nm, 60nm, 55nm, 50nm, 45nm, 40nm, 30nm, or 20nm.
  • a lower limit of the thickness D3 of the lower conductive layer may be 1nm, 2nm, 5nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, 12 nm, 15nm, or 18nm.
  • the thickness D3 of the lower conductive layer is in a range consisting of any one upper limit and any one lower limit.
  • the protective layer is too thin, it is not enough to protect the conductive layer; and if the protective layer is too thick, it has a limited effect on improving the mechanical strength or the safety of the current collector, etc., but may reduce the weight energy density and volume energy density of the battery.
  • 10nm ⁇ D3 ⁇ 50nm Preferably, 10nm ⁇ D3 ⁇ 50nm.
  • the current collector according to the present disclosure further includes a protective layer disposed on a surface of the conductive layer facing away from the insulation layer.
  • a protective layer disposed on a surface of the conductive layer facing away from the insulation layer.
  • the upper protective layer is made of a metallic material, and the metallic material is selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, nickel-based alloy, copper-based alloy, or combinations thereof.
  • the upper protective layer made of the metallic material can not only improve the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of the conductive layer, but also reduce the polarization of the electrode plate. Since the metal upper protective layer has good conductivity, it can better provide the electrode active material layer in contact therewith with electrons, thereby reducing the polarization in the electrode active material layer and improving the electrochemical performance of the battery.
  • the upper protective layer has a thickness D3', and D3' ⁇ 1/10D2 and 1nm ⁇ D3' ⁇ 200nm.
  • An upper limit of the thickness D3'of the upper conductive layer may be 200nm, 180nm, 150nm, 120nm, 100nm, 80nm, 60nm, 55nm, 50nm, 45nm, 40nm, 30nm, or 20nm.
  • a lower limit of the thickness D3' of the upper conductive layer may be 1nm, 2nm, 5nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, 12 nm, 15nm, or 18nm.
  • the thickness D3' of the upper conductive layer is in a range combing any one upper limit and any one lower limit. If the protective layer is too thin, it is not enough to have the above effects; and if the protective layer is too thick, the weight energy density and volume energy density of the battery may be reduced. Preferably, 10nm ⁇ D3' ⁇ 50nm.
  • D3' satisfies: 1/2000D2 ⁇ D3' ⁇ 1/10D2, that is, the thickness of the upper protective layer is 1/2000 to 1/10 of the thickness D2. More preferably, D3' satisfies: 1/1000D2 ⁇ D3' ⁇ 1/10D2.
  • the thickness of the lower protective layer D3 and the thickness of the upper protective layer D3' satisfy a relation of 1/2D3' ⁇ D3 ⁇ 4/5D3'. That is, the thickness of the upper protective layer is greater than the thickness of the lower protective layer.
  • the protective layer can be formed on the conductive layer by means of vapor deposition, an in-situ formation method, a coating method, or the like.
  • vapor deposition physical vapor deposition (PVD) is preferable.
  • the physical vapor deposition is at least one of evaporation deposition and sputtering deposition.
  • the evaporation deposition is preferably at least one of vacuum evaporating, thermal evaporation deposition, electron beam evaporation method (EBEM).
  • EBEM electron beam evaporation method
  • magnetron sputtering is preferable.
  • the in-situ formation method is preferably an in-situ passivation method, i.e., a method for in-situ forming a metal oxide passivation layer on a metal surface.
  • the coating method is preferably one of roll coating, extrusion coating, blade coating, gravure coating, and the like.
  • FIGs. 1-8 are schematic structural diagrams of current collectors according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 1 to 4 The structural schematic diagrams of positive current collectors are shown in FIGs. 1 to 4 .
  • the positive current collector 10 includes a positive insulation layer 101 and two positive conductive layers 102 provided above two opposite surfaces of the positive insulation layer 101.
  • a protective layer 103 which is also referred to as a lower protective layer, is provided on a surface of each positive conductive layer 102 facing towards the positive insulation layer 101.
  • the positive current collector 10 includes a positive insulation layer 101 and two positive conductive layers 102 provided above two opposite surfaces of the positive insulation layer 101.
  • Two protective layers 103 are provided on two opposite surfaces of each positive conductive layer 102, i.e., an upper protective layer and a lower protective layer.
  • the positive current collector 10 includes a positive insulation layer 101 and a positive conductive layer 102 provided above a surface of the positive insulation layer 101.
  • a protective layer 103 which is also referred to as a lower protective layer, is provided on a surface of the positive conductive layer 102 facing towards the positive insulation layer 101.
  • the positive current collector 10 includes a positive insulation layer 101 and a positive conductive layers 102 provided above a surface of the positive insulation layer 101.
  • Two protective layers 103 are provided on two opposite surfaces of the positive conductive layer 102, i.e., an upper protective layer and a lower protective layer.
  • FIGs. 5 to 8 The structural schematic diagrams of negative current collectors are shown in FIGs. 5 to 8 .
  • the negative current collector 20 includes a negative insulation layer 201 and two negative conductive layers 202 provided above two opposite surfaces of the negative insulation layer 201.
  • a protective layer 203 which is also referred to as a lower protective layer, is provided on a surface of each negative conductive layer 202 facing towards the negative insulation layer 201.
  • the negative current collector 20 includes a negative insulation layer 201 and two negative conductive layers 202 provided above two opposite surfaces of the negative insulation layer 201.
  • Two protective layers 203 are provided on two opposite surfaces of each negative conductive layer 202, i.e., an upper protective layer and a lower protective layer.
  • the negative current collector 20 includes a negative insulation layer 201 and a negative conductive layer 202 provided above a surface of the negative insulation layer 201.
  • a protective layer 203 which is also referred to as a lower protective layer, is provided on a surface of the negative conductive layer 202 facing towards the negative insulation layer 201.
  • the negative current collector 20 includes a negative insulation layer 201 and a negative conductive layers 202 provided above a surface of the negative insulation layer 201.
  • Two protective layers 203 are provided on two opposite surfaces of the negative conductive layer 202, i.e., an upper protective layer and a lower protective layer.
  • the protective layers disposed on the two opposite surfaces of the conductive layer can be made of a same material or different materials, and can have a same thickness or different thicknesses.
  • the insulation layer is mainly used to support and protect the conductive layer.
  • the insulation layer has a thickness of D1, and 1 ⁇ m ⁇ D1 ⁇ 20 ⁇ m. If the insulation layer is too thin, it is likely to be broken during the processing process of the electrode plate. If the insulation layer is too thick, a volume energy density of the battery adopting this current collector can be reduced.
  • An upper limit of the thickness D1 of the insulation layer may be 20 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, or 8 ⁇ m.
  • a lower limit of the thickness D1 of the insulation layer may be 1 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, or 7 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness D1 of the insulation layer is in a range consisting of any one upper limit and any one lower limit, preferably, 2 ⁇ m ⁇ D1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably, 2 ⁇ D1 ⁇ 6 ⁇ m.
  • the insulation layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of organic polymer insulation material, inorganic insulation material, composite material, or combinations thereof.
  • the composite material consists of organic polymer insulation material and inorganic insulation material.
  • the organic polymer insulation material is selected from a group consisting of polyamide (abbreviated as PA), polyethylene terephthalate (abbreviated as PET), polyimide (abbreviated as PI), polyethylene (abbreviated as PE), polypropylene (abbreviated as PP), polystyrene (abbreviated as PS), polyvinyl chloride (abbreviated as PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers (abbreviated as ABS), polybutylene terephthalate (abbreviated as PBT), poly- p -phenylene terephthamide (abbreviated as PPA), epoxy resin, poly polyformaldehyde (abbreviated as POM), phenol-formaldehyde resin, ethylene propylene copolymer (abbreviated as PPE), polytetrafluoroethylene (abbreviated as PTFE), silicon rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride (
  • the organic polymer insulation material is selected from a group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , SiC, SiO 2 , or combinations thereof.
  • the composite material is preferably selected from at least one of epoxy resin glass fiber reinforced composite and polyester resin glass fiber reinforced composite material.
  • the material of the insulation layer is selected from the organic polymer insulation materials. Since the insulation layer usually has a smaller density than the metal, the current collector according to the present disclosure can improve the weight energy density of the battery while improving the safety performance of the battery. In addition, since the insulation layer can well support and protect the conductive layer located on the surface thereof, a breakage of the electrode, which is common in the conventional current collector, is unlikely to occur.
  • the second aspect of the present disclosure provides an electrode plate.
  • the electrode plate includes the current collector according to the first aspect of the present disclosure and an electrode active material layer formed on the current collector.
  • FIGs. 9 and 10 are schematic structural diagrams of positive electrode plates according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the positive electrode plate 1 includes a positive current collector 10 and two positive active material layers 11 formed on two surfaces of the positive current collector 10.
  • the positive current collector 10 includes a positive insulation layer 101 and two positive conductive layers 102.
  • One or two positive protective layer(s) 103 (not shown) is/are provided on one or both sides of the positive conductive layer 102.
  • FIGs. 11 and 12 are schematic structural diagrams of negative electrode plates according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the negative electrode plate 2 includes a negative current collector 20 and two negative active material layers 21 formed on two surfaces of the negative current collector 20.
  • the negative current collector 20 includes a negative insulation layer 201 and two negative conductive layers 202.
  • One or two negative protective layer(s) 203 (not shown) is/are provided on one or both sides of the negative conductive layer 202.
  • the both surfaces of the insulation layer is provided with a conductive layer
  • one or two protective layer(s) is/are provided on one or both surfaces of each conductive layer, and the electrode active material is coated on both surfaces of the current collector, so as to obtain the positive and negative electrode plates, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 , respectively.
  • the positive and negative electrode plates can be directly applied in a battery.
  • the positive and negative electrode plates can be applied in a battery after being bent.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a battery.
  • the battery includes a positive electrode plate, a separator and a negative electrode plate.
  • the positive electrode plate and/or the negative electrode plate is the electrode plate according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the battery according to the present disclosure can be of a wound type or a laminated type.
  • the battery can also be one of a lithium ion secondary battery, a primary lithium battery, a sodium ion battery, and a magnesium ion battery. However, it is not limited to these batteries.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a battery.
  • the battery includes a positive electrode plate, a separator and a negative electrode plate. Only the positive electrode plate is the electrode plate according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the positive electrode plate of the battery according to the present disclosure employs the electrode plate according to the present disclosure.
  • the conventional positive current collector has a high aluminum content
  • the heat generated at the short-circuit point can cause a severe aluminothermal reaction, which generates a huge amount of heat and further causes the explosion or other accidents of the battery.
  • the aluminothermal reaction can be avoided due the greatly reduced aluminum content in the positive current collector, thereby significantly improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a nailing experiment according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 merely illustrates that a nail 4 punctures one layer of positive electrode plate 1, one layer of separator 3 and one layer of negative electrode plate 2 of the battery. It should be clear that in the actual nailing experiment, the nail 4 penetrates the entire battery, which generally includes a plurality of layers of positive electrode plate 1, separator 3 and negative electrode plate 2.
  • the short-circuit current is greatly reduced, and the heat generated during the short circuit is controlled within a range that the battery can fully absorb.
  • the heat generated at the position where the internal short-circuit occurs can be completely absorbed by the battery, and the increase in temperature is also very small, so that the damage on the battery caused by the short circuit can be limited to the nailing position, and only a "point break" can be formed without affecting the normal operation of the battery in a short time.
  • An insulation layer having a certain thickness is selected, and a conductive layer having a certain thickness is formed on a surface of the insulation layer by means of vacuum evaporation, mechanical rolling or bonding, and then a protective layer is formed by means of vapor deposition, in-situ formation method or coating method.
  • the conductive layer can be formed in following manners.
  • the protective layer can be formed in following manners:
  • the vapor deposition is vacuum evaporation
  • the in-situ formation is in-situ passivation
  • the coating is blade coating
  • the conditions of the vacuum evaporation for forming the protective layer are as follows: a sample is placed in a vacuum evaporation chamber after a surface cleaning treatment, a material of the protective layer in a evaporation chamber is melted and evaporated at a high temperature in a range of 1600°C to 2000°C, the evaporated material of the protective layer passes through a cooling system in the vacuum evaporation chamber and is finally deposited on a surface of the sample, so as to form a protective layer.
  • the conditions of the in-situ passivation are as follows: the conductive layer is placed in a high-temperature oxidizing environment, the temperature is controlled within a range of 160°C to 250°C, while maintaining the oxygen supply in the high-temperature environment, and the processing time is 30 min, so as to form a protective layer of metal oxide.
  • the conditions of the gravure coating method are as follows: a material of the protective layer and NMP are mixed and stirred to form a slurry, then the slurry of the above-mentioned material of the protective layer (solid material content is 20 to 75%) is coated on a surface of a sample, the thickness of the coating is controlled by a gravure roll, and finally the coating is dried at 100°C to 130°C.
  • Slurry of positive electrode or negative electrode is coated on a surface of the current collector by a conventional coating process of battery and dried at 100°C, so as to obtain a positive electrode plate or negative electrode plate.
  • Conventional positive electrode plate current collector is an Al foil with a thickness of 12 ⁇ m, and the electrode active material layer is a ternary (NCM) material layer with a thickness of 55 ⁇ m.
  • NCM ternary
  • Conventional negative electrode plate current collector is a Cu foil with a thickness of 8 ⁇ m, and the electrode active material layer is a graphite layer with a thickness of 55 ⁇ m.
  • the corresponding numbered positive electrode plates are obtained by coating a ternary (NCM) material layer with a thickness of 55 ⁇ m on the prepared positive current collector, as shown in Table 3.
  • NCM ternary
  • a positive electrode plate (compaction density: 3.4g/cm 3 ), a PP/PE/PP separator and a negative electrode plate (compaction density: 1.6 g/cm 3 ) together are winded to form a bare cell, then the bare cell is placed into a battery case, an electrolyte (EC:EMC in a volume ratio of 3:7, LiPF 6 :1mol/L) is injected into the case, following by sealing, formation, and the like, so as to obtain a lithium-ion secondary battery.
  • EMC electrolyte
  • a method for testing cycle life of the lithium-ion battery was performed as follows:
  • a lithium-ion battery was charged and discharged at 25°C and 45°C, respectively, i.e., the battery was firstly charged with a current of 1C to a voltage of 4.2V, then was discharged with a current of 1C to a voltage of 2.8V, and the discharge capacity after a first cycle was recorded; and the battery was charged and discharged for 1000 cycles as above, and the discharge capacity of the battery after a 1000 th cycle was recorded.
  • a capacity retention rate after the 1000 th cycle was obtained by dividing the discharge capacity after the 1000 th cycle by the discharge capacity after the first cycle.
  • the graph of temperature of Battery 1# and Battery 4# with time is shown in FIG. 14
  • the graph of voltage of Battery 1# and Battery 4# with time is shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the current collectors according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can significantly improve safety performance of the lithium-ion battery. From the results in Table 6, FIG. 22 and FIG. 23, it can be seen that, as regards Battery 1# which does not adopting the current collector according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the temperature increased abruptly by hundreds of degree Celsius and the voltage dropped abruptly to zero at the moment of nailing. This shows that an internal short circuit occurred at the moment of nailing, a large amount of heats was generated, a thermal runaway and damage of the battery instantly occurred, so that the battery is unable to continue operating. In addition, since the thermal runaway and damage of the battery occurred immediately after the first steel needle punctured into the battery, the continuous nailing with six steel needles cannot be performed on this type of battery.
  • temperature rise can be basically controlled at about 10°C or under 10°C, the voltages are substantially constant, and the batteries can operate normally, no matter in one-time nailing experiment or in six-time continuous nailing experiment.
  • the current collector according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can greatly reduce the heat generation caused by the short circuit, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the damage on the battery caused by the short circuit can be limited to a "point", and thus merely forms a "point break", without affecting the normal operation of the battery in a short time.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
EP18192302.0A 2017-12-05 2018-09-03 Collecteur de courant, plaque d'électrode le comprenant et batterie Active EP3496186B1 (fr)

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EP3823077A4 (fr) * 2019-09-19 2021-12-15 Lg Chem, Ltd. Collecteur de courant d'électrode comprenant une couche de conversion de pression thermique entre au moins deux feuilles métalliques, électrode le comprenant, et batterie secondaire au lithium
EP3930057A4 (fr) * 2019-07-01 2022-05-04 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Collecteur de courant d'électrode positive, plaque d'électrode positive, appareil électrochimique et dispositif associé

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CN112789752A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2021-05-11 宁德新能源科技有限公司 复合集流体、电极极片及电化学装置
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CN116745940A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2023-09-12 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种复合正极集流体、极片和二次电池
CN114335557B (zh) * 2021-11-30 2023-07-14 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 复合箔材及制备方法、集流体和锂离子电池
CN114864865A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-05 湖南钠方新能源科技有限责任公司 一种负极电极结构及其制备方法、负极片和二次电池
CN115133231A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-30 昆山卓微得焊接科技有限公司 基于镍补偿的多层复合集流体与极耳的连接结构及制备方法
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EP3799170A4 (fr) * 2019-07-01 2021-11-03 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Collecteur de courant d'électrode positive, pièce d'électrode positive, dispositif électrochimique et dispositif
EP3813166A4 (fr) * 2019-07-01 2021-11-03 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Collecteur de courant d'électrode positive, pièce d'électrode positive, dispositif électrochimique, module de batterie, bloc batterie, et appareil
EP3930057A4 (fr) * 2019-07-01 2022-05-04 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Collecteur de courant d'électrode positive, plaque d'électrode positive, appareil électrochimique et dispositif associé
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US10714757B2 (en) 2020-07-14
JP2019102427A (ja) 2019-06-24
US20190173093A1 (en) 2019-06-06
ES2837844T3 (es) 2021-07-01
EP3496186B1 (fr) 2020-11-11
JP6724083B2 (ja) 2020-07-15
CN109873165A (zh) 2019-06-11

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