EP3495060B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von dosenkörpern - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von dosenkörpern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3495060B1
EP3495060B1 EP18210547.8A EP18210547A EP3495060B1 EP 3495060 B1 EP3495060 B1 EP 3495060B1 EP 18210547 A EP18210547 A EP 18210547A EP 3495060 B1 EP3495060 B1 EP 3495060B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
redraw
cup
redrawn
ironing
wall
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Active
Application number
EP18210547.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3495060A1 (de
Inventor
Alexander JIMMINK
Henri Kwakkel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tata Steel Ijmuiden BV
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Tata Steel Ijmuiden BV
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Priority to RS20220900A priority Critical patent/RS63606B1/sr
Publication of EP3495060A1 publication Critical patent/EP3495060A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3495060B1 publication Critical patent/EP3495060B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/28—Deep-drawing of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/30—Deep-drawing to finish articles formed by deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved method of producing can bodies from a polymer coated metal substrate by the drawing and wall-ironing process.
  • the principle of draw- and wall ironing technology is well-known.
  • the technology requires a circular blank for forming the (usually) cylindrical can body.
  • the metal for the can bodies is usually supplied in coiled form.
  • the coiled metal is uncoiled and blanks are stamped from the metal and produced into a so-called initial cup by a deep-drawing operation. This cup is deep drawn until no flanges are present.
  • the cup is then redrawn in one or more redrawing steps to the final can diameter.
  • the maximum reduction of diameter is determined by the limiting drawing ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the maximum blank diameter that can be safely drawn into a cup without flange to the punch diameter.
  • the diameter of the initial cup is significantly larger than the diameter of the redrawn cup.
  • the thickness of the redrawn cup wall is reduced by wall-ironing the cup and produce a can body for a 2-piece can. This process involves pushing the redrawn cup through one or more ironing rings by means of a punch. The gap between the punch and the ironing ring determines the final thickness of the wall of the can body. For instance, a wall thickness of 0.30 mm in the redrawn cup may be reduced to 0.10 to 0.14 mm. Of course the height of the wall increases as a result.
  • the edge of the can body has to be trimmed, because as a result of the inherent anisotropy of the metal the height of the can body is not the same everywhere on the circumference of the edge of the can body.
  • This trimming also allows the final height of the can body to be tailored and prepared for the necking and flanging operation that is needed to receive the lid (the second piece of the two-piece can) after filling the can.
  • this lid is usually an easy open end, but it may also be a conventional lid which is to be opened by a can opener.
  • This type of can used to be made from tinplate This type of can used to be made from tinplate.
  • copious amounts of lubricants are needed, not only to 'cool away' the heat generated by the work-hardening of the material, but also to prevent tool surface wear and surface damage, and to provide a good can surface. Any swarf needs to be removed very thoroughly from the can body and therefore a very thorough washing is required.
  • the copious amounts of lubricant and the need for a washing stage leads to the identification of the DWI-process as a 'wet DWI' process.
  • This metal sheet which may be aluminium sheet or steel sheet, can be produced as coiled metal and be provided with a polymer coating on one or both sides by film lamination or direct extrusion or the like.
  • This polymer coated metal sheet is suitable for producing can bodies by DWI and it is even possible to perform this with a minimum or even no lubricant.
  • the polymer coating layer acts as lubricant. Also, because there is no exposed metal surface, there is also no risk of producing swarf, and therefore the need to wash the can bodies after the DWI-process is removed. Consequently this DWI process is referred to as a 'dry DWI' process.
  • US 6 634 203 B1 discloses a method for manufacturing a cylindrical can body from a polymer coated metal sheet comprising the steps of producing a circular blank from said polymer coated metal sheet, drawing an initial cup from said blank in a cupping step, redrawing said initial cup into a redrawn cup in a redraw step, wherein the redraw step comprises the following substeps:- positioning the initial cup in line with a cylindrical punch of a redraw apparatus;- clamping the circular bottom part of the initial cup between a ring-shaped redraw sleeve surrounding the punch and the redraw die thereby exerting a blank holder force on the bottom part of the initial cup;- pushing the punch through the hole in the redraw die, thereby reducing the diameter of the initial cup to form the redrawn cup; followed by- wall ironing said redrawn cup into a can body having its final height in a wall ironing step, wherein the wallironing is performed by using one or more one ironing rings in the wall iron
  • the object of the invention is reached by the method for manufacturing a cylindrical can body from a polymer coated metal sheet comprising the steps of producing a circular blank from said polymer coated metal sheet, drawing an initial cup from said blank in a cupping step, redrawing said initial cup into a redrawn cup in a redraw step, wherein the redraw step comprises the following successive substeps:
  • the polymer coated metal sheet which may be aluminium sheet or steel sheet, can be produced as coiled metal and is provided with a polymer coating on one or both sides.
  • the polymer or polymer system comprising more than one layer of polymer on one side may differ from the one on the other side for reasons that the requirements for both sides differ, e.g. depending on the later use of the can body.
  • the blank holder force is reduced just before the edge of the initial cup enters the operative part (OP) of the redraw die by reducing the blank holder force (BHF) partly or completely on the redraw sleeve, or by effectively lifting the redraw sleeve from the edge of the initial cup.
  • BHF blank holder force
  • this lifting of the redraw sleeve is performed while the edge of the initial cup is less than 5 mm away from the OP. This ensures that the edge of the polymer coated metal is not pinched and this prevents the formation of hairs. Too early lifting is not preferred because the edges may wrinkle as a result.
  • the so-called ears may be too large to enable the timely lifting of the redraw sleeve to prevent pinching because the edge of one part of the circumference of the initial cup may have already entered the OP while the ears are still more than 5 mm removed from the OP.
  • the lifting of the redraw sleeve may be performed gradually to prevent pinching of the edge at the lowest part of the circumference of the cup and to prevent wrinkling of the ears.
  • the redraw sleeve must be lifted prior to the last part of the edge of the flange entering the operative part. It is clear that this process is more controlled the lower the anisotropy of the metal and benefits greatly from as isotrope a material as possible.
  • ⁇ r 1 2 ⁇ r 0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ r 45 + r 90 0, 45 and 90 is the angle to the rolling direction of the tensile specimen taken from the metal sheet used as the substrate for the polymer coating and r is the ratio of the reduction in the width direction and the reduction in the thickness direction when measured during tensile testing.
  • FIG 1 A schematic drawing of the set-up for redrawing an initial cup is provided in figure 1 .
  • the operative part of the redraw die as well as the operative part of the redraw sleeve are highlighted in figure 1 with the magnifying glass. These parts are depicted in more detail in figure 2a and 2b .
  • the operative part is the part described by the radius R and delimited by the dashed lines.
  • the angle over which the radius R angle is provided is 90°, i.e. the operative part is a quarter circle as seen in cross-section in figure 2a and 2b .
  • the redraw die 2 as depicted in cross section in figure 1 is provided with a circular hole through which the initial cup 4 is pushed by a cylindrical punch 1 while being held to the flat area of the redraw die by the annular redraw sleeve 3.
  • Figure 1 is schematic also in the sense that there is room between the cup, sleeve and redraw die, while in practice the redraw sleeve will push the initial cup onto the redraw die to prevent wrinkling
  • the radius of the OP and/or OPRS is reduced to a value of 2 to 6 x t, wherein t is the diameter of the material of the blank (or if the redraw step is performed more than one, t is the thickness of the bottom of the cup to be redrawn).
  • t is the diameter of the material of the blank (or if the redraw step is performed more than one, t is the thickness of the bottom of the cup to be redrawn).
  • the decreased radius of the operative part of the redraw die R rd or the radius of the operative part of the redraw sleeve R rs allows to stretch-draw the polymer coated metal substrate.
  • the reduction of the radius or radii is essential if the can body is required to have a certain height. Without the reduction of the radius or radii the polymer coated metal sheet would slip as a result of the reduced friction as compared with the same sheet with a metallic surface.
  • a degree of tension must be built up in the metal sheet i.e. during redrawing, and the building up of this tension is possible as a result of the reduced radius or radii.
  • the wall of the cup is elongated, in the area between the radii R rd or R rs , under the influence of the tensile force in the wall, thereby reducing the thickness of the wall and increasing the height of the can body.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that in comparison to conventional practice, where the emphasis of the elongation of the can wall is in the ironing stage, the elongation of the can wall by redrawing of the polymer coated redrawn cup takes place to a larger extent in the cupping stage and redrawing stage and to a lesser extent in the ironing stage.
  • the reduced radius or radii of OP and/or OPRS has to be combined with a force imposed though the redraw sleeve upon the flange of the initial cup during the redraw step (this force is referred to as blank holder force or BHF, because the initial cup can be considered as a blank for the redrawing step).
  • This force is referred to as blank holder force or BHF, because the initial cup can be considered as a blank for the redrawing step).
  • the redraw sleeve is cylindrical to achieve tension in the material as soon as possible during the redrawing. In conventional redraw processes the redraw sleeve is not cylindrical but tapered (see figure 3a ).
  • the process according to the invention is performed with only one wall-ironing ring in the wall-ironing step.
  • This process benefits from a maximum shift of deformation to the cupping and redrawing stage.
  • the stretching of the wall of the initial cup during the redrawing step(s) is maximised, so that the only one wall-ironing ring is sufficient to finish the can body with the desired wall height.
  • the wall of the redrawn cup is not stretched to the same extent, or not at all, so that more reduction needs to be generated by the wall-ironing step, and this step then requires at least two rings.
  • the radius R rd or R rs is expressed in terms of the initial thickness of the polymer coated metal sheet, which is also the thickness of the circular blank used to produce the initial cup from.
  • the radius is at most 3 times the thickness of the polymer coated metal sheet or blank, preferably one radius or both radii is at most 2.75 times the thickness of the polymer coated metal sheet or blank, and more preferably at most 2.5 times. Even more preferably the radius or both radii is at most 2.25 or 2.0 times the thickness of the polymer coated metal sheet or blank.
  • both R rd and R rs have the same value.
  • a burnishing step is provided by pushing the can body after the ironing operation through a burnishing ring. This relieves the tension in the can body wall and allows the can body to be stripped off easily.
  • the polymer coated steel substrates that can be processed by the process according to the invention are preferably based on polycondensates, such as polyesters, copolyesters (including PET, PBT, polyethylene furanoate (PEF), poly(lactic acid) (PLA)) or polyamides, polyolefins, elastomers, crystallisable polyaddition polymers, or any other polymer that can be formed in a film by extrusion.
  • the polymer coating may consist of one or more layers.
  • the polymer coating layer comprises or consists of polyethylene terephthalate, IPA-modified polyethylene terephthalate, CHDM-modified polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene furanoate, poly (lactic acid) or copolymers or blends thereof.
  • the sheet metal preferably is tin coated steel sheet (tinplate), chromium-chromiumoxide coated steel sheet (ECCS), tinplate which was diffusion annealed to form an iron-tin alloy consisting of at least 80% of FeSn (50 at.% iron and 50 at.% tin) thereupon, or a chromium-chromiumoxide coated steel sheet produced by electroplating from a trivalent chromium electrolyte (such as TCCT ® ).
  • tinplate tin coated steel sheet
  • ECCS chromium-chromiumoxide coated steel sheet
  • TCCT ® trivalent chromium electrolyte
  • the invention is also embodied in a can body produced by the method of the invention.
  • a 65 mm diameter can body is produced from 0.25 mm steel sheet with a polyester coating of 25 ⁇ m on both sides, leading to a total thickness t of 0.30 mm.
  • the steel is a common extra low carbon (ELC) steel (see table 1). Blanks were produced therefrom and these were processed into initial cups. Using a redraw die with R rd of 1.0 mm and of R rd of 0.425 mm redraw cups were made in a single redraw step.
  • Table 1 Composition of ELC-steel (in wt.%, bal. Fe and residual elements) C Mn N Alsol P S B 23 146 1.9 18 12 8 1.7
  • the redrawn cup wall thickness is presented in figure 4 .
  • the height increases towards the top because of the material flow during deep drawing and the compressive forces in the material ion the circumference. This increased thickness is subsequently ironed 'out' in the subsequent ironing step. From figure 4 it can be seen that the height of the cup wall increases from 69 mm at R rd 1 mm to 80 mm at R rd of 0.425 mm, which is a 17% increase. This reduction is the result of the stretch-draw operation. In combination with one ironing ring an overall wall reduction of 50% can be reached. Lift off of the redraw sleeve was performed before the edge of the flange of the initial cup enters the operative part (OP) of the redraw die.
  • OP operative part

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines zylindrischen Dosenkörpers aus einem polymerbeschichteten Metallblech, umfassend die Schritte des Produzierens eines kreisförmigen Rohlings aus dem polymerbeschichteten Metallblech, Ziehens eines Ausgangsbechers (4) aus dem Rohling in einem Tiefziehschritt, Nachziehens des Ausgangsbechers in einen nachgezogenen Becher in einem Nachziehschritt, wobei der Nachziehschritt die folgenden Unterschritte umfasst:
    - Positionieren des Ausgangsbechers (4) in Linie mit einem zylindrischen Stempel (1) einer Nachziehvorrichtung;
    - Klemmen des kreisförmigen unteren Teils des Ausgangsbechers (4) zwischen eine ringförmige Nachziehhülse (3), die den Stempel und die Nachziehmatrize umgibt, wodurch eine Rohlinghaltekraft auf den unteren Teil des Ausgangsbechers ausgeübt wird;
    - Drücken des Stempels (1) durch das Loch in der Nachziehmatrize (2), wodurch der Durchmesser des Ausgangsbechers reduziert wird, um den nachgezogenen Becher zu bilden, und Anheben der Nachziehhülse (3), wodurch die Rohlinghaltekraft entfernt wird, bevor der Rand des Flansches des Ausgangsbechers (4) in den operativen Teil (OP) der Nachziehmatrize eintritt, wodurch der nachgezogene Becher durch die Nachziehmatrize (2) gedrückt wird, ohne dass eine Rohlinghaltekraft (BHF) auf den Flansch ausgeübt wird;
    gefolgt von
    - Wandabstrecken des nachgezogenen Bechers zu einem Dosenkörper, der seine finale Höhe aufweist, in einem Wandabstreckschritt, wobei das Wandabstrecken durch Verwenden von einem oder mehreren Abstreckringen in dem Wandabstreckschritt durchgeführt wird, oder
    - Ziehen des nachgezogenen Bechers in einem zweiten Nachziehschritt, um einen Dosenkörper zu produzieren, der seine finale Höhe aufweist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Nachziehhülse (3) in dem Nachziehschritt angehoben wird, sobald der Rand des Flansches des Ausgangsbechers (4) noch zwischen 0,2 und 5,0 mm von dem operativen Teil (OP) der Nachziehmatrize (2) entfernt ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Nachziehhülse (3) in dem Nachziehschritt angehoben wird, sobald der Rand des Flansches des Ausgangsbechers (4) noch zwischen 1,0 und 4,0 mm von dem operativen Teil (OP) der Nachziehmatrize (2) entfernt ist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der nachgezogene Becher einem weiteren Nachziehschritt unterzogen wird, indem der nachgezogene Becher in Linie mit einem zylindrischen Stempel einer Nachziehvorrichtung positioniert wird;
    - Klemmen des kreisförmigen unteren Teils des nachgezogenen Bechers zwischen eine ringförmige Nachziehhülse, die den Stempel und die Nachziehmatrize umgibt, wodurch eine Rohlinghaltekraft auf den unteren Teil des nachgezogenen Bechers ausgeübt wird;
    - Drücken des Stempels durch das Loch in der Nachziehmatrize, wodurch der Durchmesser des nachgezogenen Bechers reduziert wird, um den nachgezogenen nachgezogenen Becher zu bilden, und Anheben der Nachziehhülse, wodurch die Rohlinghaltekraft entfernt wird, bevor der Rand des Flansches des Ausgangsbechers in den operativen Teil (OP) der Nachziehmatrize eintritt, wodurch der nachgezogene nachgezogene Becher durch die Nachziehmatrize gedrückt wird, ohne dass eine Rohlinghaltekraft auf den Flansch ausgeübt wird;
    gefolgt von
    - Wandabstrecken des nachgezogenen nachgezogenen Bechers zu einem Dosenkörper, der seine finale Höhe aufweist, in einem Wandabstreckschritt, wobei das Wandabstreckziehen durch Verwenden von einem oder mehreren Abstreckringen in dem Wandabstreckschritt durchgeführt wird, oder
    - Ziehen des nachgezogenen nachgezogenen Bechers in einem dritten Nachziehschritt, um einen Dosenkörper zu produzieren, der seine finale Höhe aufweist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der Radius Rrs des operativen Teils der Nachziehhülse (OPRS) zwischen 2 und 6 x t, bevorzugt höchstens 3 x t ist, wobei t die Dicke des polymerbeschichteten Metallblechs ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Radius Rrs des operativen Teils der Nachziehhülse (OPRS) höchstens 2,75 x t ist.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Radius Rrs des operativen Teils der Nachziehhülse (OPRS) höchstens 2,5 x t ist.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei der Radius Rrd des operativen Teils (OP) der Nachziehmatrize zwischen 2 und 6 x t, bevorzugt höchstens 3 x t ist, wobei t die Dicke des polymerbeschichteten Metallblechs ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Radius des operativen Teils (OP) der Nachziehmatrize Rrd höchstens 2,75 x t ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Radius Rrd des operativen Teils (OP) der Nachziehmatrize höchstens 2,5 x t ist.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei nur ein Abstreckring verwendet wird.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Polierring zusätzlich zu dem Ziehring oder den Ziehringen in dem Wandabstreckschritt verwendet wird, um Spannung in dem Dosenkörper zu entfernen, wodurch das Abstreifen des Dosenkörpers von dem Stempel erleichtert wird.
EP18210547.8A 2017-12-05 2018-12-05 Verfahren zur herstellung von dosenkörpern Active EP3495060B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20220900A RS63606B1 (sr) 2017-12-05 2018-12-05 Postupak proizvodnje tela limenki

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17205572 2017-12-05

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EP3495060A1 EP3495060A1 (de) 2019-06-12
EP3495060B1 true EP3495060B1 (de) 2022-08-24

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ES (1) ES2927759T3 (de)
RS (1) RS63606B1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3750647B1 (de) * 2019-06-14 2021-10-13 Saeta GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur herstellung einer tiefziehverschlusskappe

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU548799B2 (en) 1981-02-13 1986-01-02 American National Can Corp. Container forming tools
JPH07106394B2 (ja) 1989-05-17 1995-11-15 東洋製罐株式会社 絞りしごき缶の製造方法
TW252961B (en) 1994-02-15 1995-08-01 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd Method of producing seamless cans
NL1008468C2 (nl) 1998-03-04 1999-09-07 Hoogovens Staal Bv Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een bus door wandstrekken.
US20100242567A1 (en) 2007-10-22 2010-09-30 Dubravko Nardini Method and apparatus for producing untrimmed container bodies

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ES2927759T3 (es) 2022-11-10
RS63606B1 (sr) 2022-10-31

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