EP3493225A1 - Dispositif de résistance de freinage - Google Patents

Dispositif de résistance de freinage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3493225A1
EP3493225A1 EP17204680.7A EP17204680A EP3493225A1 EP 3493225 A1 EP3493225 A1 EP 3493225A1 EP 17204680 A EP17204680 A EP 17204680A EP 3493225 A1 EP3493225 A1 EP 3493225A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical
resistance layer
resistor device
electrical resistance
braking resistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17204680.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Mehlich
Andreas Kuhn
Holger Strobelt
Robert Lange
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP17204680.7A priority Critical patent/EP3493225A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2018/081220 priority patent/WO2019105736A1/fr
Publication of EP3493225A1 publication Critical patent/EP3493225A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/08—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements
    • H01C1/084—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements using self-cooling, e.g. fins, heat sinks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/01—Mounting; Supporting
    • H01C1/012—Mounting; Supporting the base extending along and imparting rigidity or reinforcement to the resistive element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/16—Resistor networks not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C13/00—Resistors not provided for elsewhere
    • H01C13/02—Structural combinations of resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a braking resistor device for absorbing electrical energy generated in the generator mode of an electrical machine.
  • rotating electrical machines can intentionally or unintentionally operating conditions occur in which the electric motor does not drive motor load, but is itself driven by external power supply. This can lead to the electric machine being operated as a generator, at least temporarily, and consequently generating electrical energy which can be fed back into the electrical network or otherwise has to be supplied to an electrical consumer.
  • electrical machines are generally operated by means of an electrical converter, for example by means of a frequency converter to an electrical network.
  • an electrical converter for example by means of a frequency converter to an electrical network.
  • Et al For reasons of cost, many of these electrical converters can not feed back their regeneratively generated electrical energy also called braking energy usually in the electrical network or the electrical network or storage media can not absorb the electrical energy thus generated at least temporarily.
  • a regenerative inverter of the frequency converter during braking can feed back the braking energy in a first step in the DC intermediate circuit.
  • a braking resistor in the DC voltage intermediate circuit can now be switched on in order to use up the excess braking energy in such a way that negative effects in the form of voltage peaks and the occurrence of impermissibly high currents do not jeopardize the operational safety of the electrical converter.
  • Today's braking resistors (from a continuous power of about 20W) are usually manufactured or assembled consuming, the actual resistor is often designed as a wire coil, which is encapsulated by cement, also mechanically and electrically isolated by a metal housing and its electrical connections are designed in the form of connecting cables.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a braking resistor device, which can be produced with little effort, has cost-effective individual components and can be integrated without major technical adaptation to or in existing structures of electrical converters or drive systems both functional as well as space constraints.
  • the object is achieved by a brake resistor device having the features specified in claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved by an electrical converter according to claim 13.
  • the invention is based, inter alia, on the finding that braking resistors currently on the market, on the one hand, require a rather cost-intensive production solely on account of their design and their materials and, on the other hand, their spatial formation and their mechanical and electrical connection are no longer efficient enough for, for example, mass use are in electrical converters. This led to considerations, especially for braking resistors higher performance classes, to design a new body structure in conjunction with appropriate material characteristics or material applications and to provide suitable manufacturing technologies.
  • a braking resistor device for absorbing electrical energy generated in the generator mode of an electrical machine, comprising a ceramic substrate, an electrical resistance layer, and first and second electrical terminals on the electrical resistance layer, the electrical resistance layer having a continuous load of at least 20W electrical power and electrical power for a period of up to 100ms of at least 1.2 kW, wherein the electrical resistance layer is mechanically connected to the ceramic substrate as carrier directly or via a connecting material and wherein the electrical resistance layer is printed by means of printing on the ceramic substrate.
  • the mechanical connection between the electrical resistance layer and the ceramic substrate can advantageously be effected both directly and via a connecting material.
  • the bonding material may have, in addition to a mechanically stabilizing, ie strengthening effect of the mechanical connection, further properties, such as an electrically insulating effect and also an effect for improved thermal dissipation of the thermal energy generated by the electrical resistance during operation.
  • the connecting material can also be designed in the form of a printed circuit board with known printed circuit board material, such as plastic.
  • the electrical resistance layer has partial electrical resistance layers each having a first partial electrical connection and a second partial electrical connection, the partial electrical resistance layers are electrically connected to each other by means of electrical connection conductors and the electrical partial resistance layers of the electrical resistance layer are arranged in the form of a matrix ,
  • the application of the electrical connection conductors on the ceramic substrate for their mechanical connection to the ceramic substrate is equivalent to the application of the electrical resistance layer for their mechanical connection to the ceramic substrate - comprising the partial electrical resistance layers of the electrical resistance layer - carried out in each case by means of the printing process.
  • This multipart form of the electrical resistance layer in the form of a matrix already allows a simple and prefabricated adjustment of the total resistance value of the electrical resistance layer during production.
  • At least one of the electrical connecting conductors of at least one of the partial electrical resistance layers is electrically separated from at least one of the electrical partial terminals of this partial electrical resistance layer by a connecting conductor sclerosing.
  • connection conductor sclerotherapy By means of the connection conductor sclerotherapy, the overall resistance value for the braking resistor device of the electrical resistance layer can be fine-granularly adjusted in a production-specific and / or user-specific manner in an advantageously simple and fast manner.
  • connection ladder sclerosing can be realized by several manufacturing technologies, wherein the etching, the lasing, the milling or the release of the sclerosing point during the printing process are particularly efficient.
  • one or more of the partial electrical resistance layers are detached from the electrical resistance layer by partial resistance layer obliteration.
  • the overall resistance value for the braking resistor device of the electrical resistance layer can also be fine-granularly adjusted in a production-specific and / or user-specific manner in an advantageously simple and fast manner.
  • the partial resistance layer sclerosing can also be realized here by several manufacturing technologies, the Etching, lasing, milling, or releasing the locations of partial resistance layer sclerosing during the printing process are particularly efficient.
  • the electrical resistance layer is at least partially fired by means of heat supply to the ceramic substrate.
  • the burning which is also to be understood in the sense of baking or similar technologies associated with heat supply, has the advantage that the mechanical but also the electrical structure of the particular electrical resistance layer but z.T. also the electrical connections and the connection conductor of the electrical resistance layer can be improved.
  • the first and the second electrical connection of the electrical resistance layer are mechanically connected to the ceramic substrate as carrier directly or via a further bonding material and are printed by means of printing process on the ceramic substrate.
  • the printing process in the manufacturing process can be further standardized and improved. This makes it possible to produce particularly small-scale and spatially limited electrical connections with minimum material consumption.
  • the electrical resistance layer is at least partially encased by a protective layer.
  • the protective layer can also comprise the respective bonding material, if used, between the electrical resistance layer and the ceramic substrate and / or, if used, between the electrical connections of the electrical resistance layer and the ceramic substrate.
  • the protective layer can also have a thermal effect for the improved removal of heat energy occurring during operation.
  • the surface of the ceramic substrate which is arranged on the side facing away from the electrical resistance layer and opposite side of the ceramic substrate, connectable directly or via a heat conducting layer with a heat sink.
  • cooling surfaces can also be used, for example, in an electrical converter, which are already inherent in the system for the operation of the electrical converter, such as e.g. Cooling surfaces on heatsinks for power semiconductors or cooling surfaces on the inverter housing.
  • the first electrical connection of the electrical resistance layer by means of a first electrical contact element with a first electrical conductor and the second electrical connection of the electrical resistance layer by means of a second electrical contact element with a second electrical conductor connectable.
  • the electrical contact elements thereby provide an advantageous form of electrical connection of the electrical resistance layer with the electrical conductors of an application device for example, that of an electric drive.
  • the first electrical contact element and the second electrical contact element are each a spring contact.
  • Spring contacts here have the advantage that a mechanical load on the brake resistor device, for example by shaking, for the electrical connection of the electrical resistance layer with electrical conductors is mechanically compensated, which can lead to the extension of the life of this electrical connection.
  • the first electrical conductor and the second electrical conductor are arranged on an electrical support element and the electrical support element by means of fastening elements mechanically connectable to the heat sink.
  • the braking resistor device overlaps to maintain creepage resistance on creepage distances and the surface of the ceramic substrate, which is connected to the surface of the electrical resistance layer, over its entire surface circumference a total surface area of the sum of the surface of the electrical resistance layer, which with the surface of the ceramic substrate is connected, and the Ceramic substrates facing surfaces of the electrical connections by at least 1mm.
  • an electrical converter with the braking resistor device according to the invention is further proposed, which is connected in operation with an electrical network and an electrical machine and which absorbs electrical energy by means of the braking resistor device in the case of regeneratively operated electric machine.
  • the electrical converter comprises a rectifier and an inverter, wherein the rectifier and the inverter are electrically connected to each other by means of a DC intermediate circuit and wherein the braking resistor device is arranged electrically on the DC intermediate circuit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first schematic representation of a brake resistor device 1 according to the invention with an electrical resistance layer 3, which is applied to a ceramic substrate 2.
  • the electrical resistance layer 3 furthermore has a first and a second electrical connection 4, 5, by means of which the electrical resistance layer 3 can be mechanically and electrically contacted on at least two electrical conductors here.
  • Both the electrical resistance layer 3, which is designed for a continuous load with an electrical power of at least 20W and for a load over a period of up to 100 ms with an electrical power of at least 1.2 kW, as well as the electrical connections 4, 5 are printed by means of printing on the ceramic substrate 2.
  • the mechanical connection which has been created by the printing process between the electrical resistance layer 3 and the ceramic substrate 2 and between the electrical terminals 4, 5 and the ceramic substrate 2, may be direct or via a connecting material (in FIG FIG. 1 not shown).
  • FIG. 2 is a second schematic representation of the brake resistor device 1 according to the invention after FIG. 1 shown with a mechanical connection, a thermal coupling and an electrical Antag mich the brake resistor device 1 to its technical environment.
  • the electrical resistance layer 3 is directly connected to the ceramic substrate 2.
  • the electrical resistance layer 3 has a first and a second electrical connection 4, 5.
  • the electrical resistance layer 3 is here partly covered with a protective layer 14, wherein here the surface of the electrical resistance layer 3 is excluded, which produces the mechanical connection to the ceramic substrate 2. Also excluded here are the surfaces of the electrical connections 4,5.
  • this surface arranged thereon is mechanically and thus also thermally connected to the ceramic substrate 2 directly with a recessed area of a heat sink 11.
  • a heat conducting layer can be used (in FIG. 2 not shown), which compensates, for example, bumps between the two surfaces and beyond regarding their material selection has a designated thermal conductivity.
  • the first terminal 4 of the electrical resistance layer 3 is mechanically and electrically connected by means of a first electrical contact element 6 to a first electrical conductor 8 and the second terminal 5 of the electrical resistance layer 3 is mechanically and electrically connected by means of a second electrical contact element 7 to a second electrical conductor 9.
  • the electrical contact elements 6,7 can be designed as spring contacts (in FIG. 2 not explicitly shown).
  • Both electrical conductors 8,9 are arranged on an electrical support element 10, wherein, for example, a printed circuit board made of plastic is suitable as an electrical support element 10.
  • the electrical support element 10 is mechanically connected via fastening elements 12, for example screws and bolts as detachable mechanical connections or rivet and press connections as non-detachable mechanical connections to the heat sink 11.
  • the area of the ceramic substrate 2 which is connected to the surface of the electrical resistance layer 3 overlaps over the entire surface area (in FIG. 2 not fully representable) a total area perimeter of the sum of the area of the electrical resistance layer 3 which is connected to the surface of the ceramic substrate 2, and the surfaces of the electrical terminals 4, 5 attached to the ceramic substrate 2 are at least 1 mm (in FIG. 2 not shown to scale).
  • FIG. 1 or 2 A third schematic representation of the brake resistor device 1 according to the invention FIG. 1 or 2 , with arranged in a matrix partial electrical resistance layers 15 of the electrical resistance layer 3, shows FIG. 3 ,
  • the electrical resistance layer 3 has partial electrical resistance layers 15 each with a first partial electrical connection 17 and a second partial electrical connection 18 (in FIG FIG. 3 illustrated by some example), the partial electrical resistance layers 15 are electrically connected to each other by means of electrical connection conductors 16 (in FIG. 3 represented by some example) and the partial electrical resistance layers 15 of the electrical resistance layer 3 are arranged in the form of a matrix.
  • first electrical connection 4 and the second electrical connection 5 of the electrical resistance layer 3 are shown, which pass electrically in each case into one of the electrical connection conductors 16.
  • the application of the electrical connection conductors 16 on the ceramic substrate 2 for their mechanical connection with the ceramic substrate 2 is equivalent to the application of the electrical resistance layer 3 for their mechanical connection to the ceramic substrate 2 - comprising the electrical partial resistance layers 15 of the electrical resistance layer 3 - and the application the electrical connections 4,5 for their mechanical connection with the ceramic substrate 2, carried out in each case by means of the printing process.
  • FIG. 4 shows a next schematic representation of the brake resistor device 1 according to the invention FIG. 3 With Junction 19 of some electrical connection conductors 16 to some sub-resistor layers 15 arranged in the matrix.
  • the electrical resistance layer 3 has electrical partial resistance layers 15, each with a first electrical partial connection 17 and a second partial electrical connection 18 for absorbing electrical energy generated, for example, in generator operation of the electric machine (in FIG FIG. 4 illustrated by some example), these partial electrical resistance layers 15 are electrically interconnected by means of electrical connection conductors 16 (in FIG FIG. 4 represented by some examples) and the partial electrical resistance layers 15 of the electrical resistance layer 3 are arranged in the form of a matrix.
  • FIG. 5 is a further schematic representation of the brake resistor device 1 according to the invention after FIG. 3 with partial resistance layer scumming 20 at some points provided in the matrix of the electrical resistance layer 3.
  • the structure of the brake resistor device 1 from FIG. 5 accordingly also corresponds essentially to the FIG. 3 , wherein by the partial resistance layer Verödungen 20 here by way of example Some of the partial electrical resistance layers within the electrical resistance layer 3 have been removed or have not been provided during the manufacturing process of the application of the electrical resistance layer 3 to the ceramic substrate 2 at some points shown. Consequently, these remote or not provided partial electrical resistance layers do not enter into the total resistance value of the electrical resistance layer 3 and thus can not make a functional contribution to the absorption of the electrical energy generated, for example, in the regenerative operation of an electrical machine during operation of the brake resistor device 1.
  • the electrical resistance layer 3 has electrical partial resistance layers 15, each with a first electrical partial connection 17 and a second partial electrical connection 18 for absorbing electrical energy generated, for example, in generator operation of the electric machine (in FIG FIG. 5 illustrated by some example), these partial electrical resistance layers 15 are electrically interconnected by means of electrical connection conductors 16 (in FIG FIG. 5 represented by some examples) and the partial electrical resistance layers 15 of the electrical resistance layer 3 are arranged in the form of a matrix.
  • FIG. 6 A schematic circuit diagram of an electrical converter 21 with the braking resistor device 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 6 visualized.
  • the electrical converter 21 operates by means of an electrical (in this case three-phase) connection to an electrical network 25 via a further (also three-phase) connection an electric machine 26 and thus forms together with the electric machine 26, an electric drive system.
  • the electrical converter 21 has a rectifier 22, which is electrically connected to the electrical network 25 and an inverter 23 which is electrically connected to the electric machine 26.
  • the brake resistor device 1 is electrically arranged.
  • the electric machine 26 can now be operated as a generator, wherein electrical energy is fed back via the inverter 23 into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 24. If a return of this electrical energy by means of the rectifier 22 in the electrical network 25 is not technically possible and / or the electrical network 25 can not absorb this electrical energy and / or the DC voltage intermediate circuit 24 also can not absorb this electrical energy, this is electrical Energy is converted by the brake resistor device 1 into heat energy. Thus, a safe and stable operation of the drive system is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)
EP17204680.7A 2017-11-30 2017-11-30 Dispositif de résistance de freinage Withdrawn EP3493225A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17204680.7A EP3493225A1 (fr) 2017-11-30 2017-11-30 Dispositif de résistance de freinage
PCT/EP2018/081220 WO2019105736A1 (fr) 2017-11-30 2018-11-14 Dispositif électrique de résistance de freinage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17204680.7A EP3493225A1 (fr) 2017-11-30 2017-11-30 Dispositif de résistance de freinage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3493225A1 true EP3493225A1 (fr) 2019-06-05

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ID=60543404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17204680.7A Withdrawn EP3493225A1 (fr) 2017-11-30 2017-11-30 Dispositif de résistance de freinage

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EP (1) EP3493225A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019105736A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11901850B2 (en) 2019-12-18 2024-02-13 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Power tool having stamped brake resistor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001015252A (ja) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-19 Kyocera Corp セラミックヒータ
DE10337107A1 (de) * 2003-08-11 2005-03-17 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisches Kabel und System
WO2008126518A1 (fr) * 2007-03-19 2008-10-23 Kito Corporation Résistance, enrouleur utilisant la résistance en tant que résistance de freinage par récupération

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2500223C3 (de) * 1975-01-04 1981-04-23 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektrisches Widerstandsgerät
DE4014104A1 (de) * 1990-05-02 1991-11-14 Draloric Electronic Elektrischer leistungswiderstand
DE19755753A1 (de) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Widerstandsbauelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
JP6572705B2 (ja) * 2015-09-25 2019-09-11 三菱マテリアル株式会社 抵抗器の製造方法、抵抗器

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001015252A (ja) * 1999-06-30 2001-01-19 Kyocera Corp セラミックヒータ
DE10337107A1 (de) * 2003-08-11 2005-03-17 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisches Kabel und System
WO2008126518A1 (fr) * 2007-03-19 2008-10-23 Kito Corporation Résistance, enrouleur utilisant la résistance en tant que résistance de freinage par récupération

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