EP3486389B1 - Method for producing an insulated wall - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing an insulated wall with the features of the preamble of claim 1. In the method, at least one insulating board for forming an insulating layer is attached to an on-site substrate by means of an adhesive mass.

State of the art

The bonding of insulation boards to form insulation layers which are used for thermal insulation and / or sound insulation of buildings is known from the prior art. Adhesive masses are used here, which are usually applied manually using a trowel or trowel. The application can only be carried out on the back of the insulation board ("buttering process") or exclusively on the substrate ("floating process"). These processes are quick and therefore particularly economical, since a large area can be presented in a short time.

In addition, the adhesive mass can be applied both to the back of the insulation board and to the substrate ("floating buttering process"). The adhesive compound is usually applied manually using a notched trowel, which leaves parallel grooves or furrows when the adhesive compound is peeled off. The insulation board is then attached to the adhesive layer on the substrate with its adhesive layer applied to the back in such a way that the in the respective adhesive layers cross grooves or furrows. In the area of the intersection points, there is therefore twice the amount of adhesive, which enables unevenness of the subsurface to be compensated for when the insulation board is pressed on. In order to bring the insulation board into its final position, it is knocked on, using the trowel previously used to apply the adhesive.

For the interior insulation of building exterior walls, for which - as exemplified in the DE 10 2011 101 261A1 described - thermal insulation panels are attached to the inside of the building's outer wall by means of an adhesive, an adhesive layer that is applied over the entire surface and as homogeneous as possible is required for reasons of building physics. This means that an adhesive layer is required that is free of voids, so-called blowholes. If the adhesive is applied manually with the aid of a conventional notched trowel, such an adhesive layer is difficult to produce. This is because the grooves or furrows formed when the adhesive is applied are only incompletely filled with adhesive when the thermal insulation panels are pressed against the substrate, so that cavities often remain.

In addition to building physics reasons, building authority reasons may also require the formation of a continuous, homogeneous adhesive layer. This is the case, for example, when a fire bar is formed within the insulation layer of a building facade. Here, too, care must be taken to ensure that the bonding is carried out by means of an adhesive layer that is as free as possible from air inclusions. Whether this is the case can be checked by looking at the sticker or the adhesive residue on the back of the insulation board when it is removed again after gluing. As a rule, there are clear furrows or grooves, which are evidence that the cavities created by the notched trowel have not completely closed.

The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for the full-surface gluing of an insulation board to an on-site substrate, which enables a continuous, homogeneous adhesive layer. The adhesive layer should in particular be free from air inclusions or voids. The method is intended to be used to produce an insulated wall, which can in particular be a wall with internal insulation.

To achieve the object, the method with the features of claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous further developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Disclosure of the invention

• vollflächiges Auftragen der Klebermasse auf den bauseitigen Untergrund und/oder auf der Rückseite der Dämmplatte,
• Ansetzen der Dämmplatte an den Untergrund, so dass eine Verbindung der Dämmplatte mit dem Untergrund über die Klebermasse hergestellt wird,
• Einvibrieren der Dämmplatte in die Klebermasse mit Hilfe einer Vibrationsvorrichtung, wobei die Dämmplatte ausgerichtet und/oder nivelliert wird.

In the proposed method for producing an insulated wall, in particular a wall with internal insulation, at least one insulation board for forming an insulation layer is attached to an on-site substrate by means of an adhesive mass. The process comprises the following steps:

• full-surface application of the adhesive mass on the on-site substrate and / or on the back of the insulation board,
• Attachment of the insulation board to the substrate so that a connection between the insulation board and the substrate is established via the adhesive mass,
• Vibration of the insulation board into the adhesive mass with the aid of a vibration device, the insulation board being aligned and / or leveled.

By vibrating the insulation board into the adhesive mass, any air inclusions in the adhesive mass are expelled, so that a continuous, homogeneous adhesive layer is obtained. The method is therefore particularly suitable for gluing insulation boards which, for reasons of building physics and / or building regulations, have to be glued over the entire surface. That is, that Method is particularly suitable for producing a wall with interior insulation. As an alternative or in addition, the method can be used to produce a fire bar in the insulation layer of an external facade.

With the help of the proposed method, an optimal adhesive image can be achieved. As evidence, an insulation board was glued to a substrate using the method according to the invention and then removed again. There were essentially no gaps on the back, in particular no grooves or furrows that had previously been made in the adhesive mass by means of a notched trowel.

The method according to the invention proves to be particularly advantageous when the adhesive mass is applied exclusively to the back of the insulation board or exclusively to the substrate. Because then the risk of cavities remaining is particularly great. The furrows or grooves previously made in the adhesive mass by means of a notched trowel are not closed, which can be clearly seen on the adhesive image. However, if the insulation board is vibrated into the adhesive mass according to the method according to the invention after it has been attached to the substrate, the previously introduced furrows or grooves close so that almost no cavities remain.

In the present case, “cavities” are not understood to mean small air pores, but rather air chambers or blowholes. This means that air pores that are present in the adhesive mass, which were introduced, for example, when mixing, are to be regarded as harmless.

If the adhesive mass is only applied to the back of the insulation board (analogous to the buttering process mentioned above) or only to the substrate (analogous to the floating process mentioned above), the production of an insulated wall can be carried out quickly and inexpensively. Because in contrast to the floating buttering process, in which the adhesive mass is applied both to the back of the insulation board and to the substrate, the working time is shortened, since one work step is omitted. Furthermore, material can be saved, since less adhesive mass is required.

Furthermore, the adhesive is preferably applied exclusively to the substrate, analogously to the floating process. Because if the adhesive mass is applied exclusively to the back of the insulation panels, voids can remain in the area of the butt and / or horizontal joints of the glued insulation panels, since no adhesive mass gets into this area. This means that an uninterrupted adhesive layer is not guaranteed. This risk does not exist if the adhesive mass is applied over the entire surface of the on-site substrate, since the adhesive layer or the adhesive bed then also extends over the areas of the butt and bed joints of the glued insulation panels.

The method according to the invention accordingly leads to an increase in system security even if the adhesive is applied only on one side, preferably in a manner analogous to the floating method. It enables the formation of a continuous, homogeneous adhesive layer. At the same time, time and material can be saved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the insulation board is vibrated into the adhesive mass, a vibration device with a plate is used, which is applied flat to the insulation board, so that a movement of the board generated by the vibration device is transmitted to the insulation board. Due to the flat attachment of the plate of the vibration device, the insulation board is subjected to comparatively little stress. This is particularly true in comparison to the aforementioned knocking on the insulation board. Because when knocking, comparatively large forces act on a comparatively small area, so that when knocking there is regularly the risk that the insulation board will break. This is especially true if the insulation board is made of a fragile material such as perlite or mineral foam. When vibrating in on the other hand, the forces are evenly and gently distributed over the surface so that the risk of breakage is minimized. For the particularly gentle processing of insulation boards made of a fragile material, the vibration plate can have an entropy-elastic pad, in particular a rubber pad.

A movement of the plate perpendicular to the plane of the insulating plate is preferably generated by means of the vibration device. This means that the insulation board is not or only minimally moved in the plane of the insulation layer. This prevents insulation panels that have already been bonded from being moved again and changing their position. Movements perpendicular to the plane of the insulation board or insulation layer can be generated, for example, with the aid of a vibration device that works like a hammer. The impact energy should be at least 1.0 J, preferably 1.4 J, further preferably 1.8 J.

In the proposed method, a pasty adhesive mass is preferably used which is sufficiently stable. This is the case, for example, when a notched trowel is used when applying the adhesive and the teeth remain. The adhesive mass must not float away. This ensures that the insulation board is not only positioned exactly after it has been vibrated in, but also maintains this position. This is the case, for example, with adhesive masses that are highly viscous or pasty and preferably have spread dimensions in accordance with DIN EN 1015-2: 1998 + A1: 2006.

Furthermore, the adhesive mass is preferably applied in a layer thickness of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 3 mm, further preferably at least 4 mm to the subsurface and / or the back of the insulation board. A certain minimum thickness of the adhesive layer is required in order to compensate for unevenness in the substrate. Furthermore, as the layer thickness increases, the moisture-storing or moisture-regulating properties of the adhesive layer can be improved, which in particular turns out to be Benefit in the production of interior insulation. If the adhesive is applied using a notched trowel, it should be noted that the final thickness of the adhesive layer or the adhesive bed is usually less due to the teeth. A final thickness of at least 4 mm is preferably achieved.

It is further proposed that an adhesive mass is used which comprises a mineral binder, preferably cement, in particular white cement. The mineral or inorganic components contribute to a high pH value, so that the adhesive mass or the adhesive layer produced from it are less prone to mold formation. This is particularly advantageous if the adhesive layer is to take on the task of a moisture store or buffer within an interior insulation system. In order to further reduce the risk of mold infestation, it is proposed that the adhesive composition contain no or less than 5% by weight of organic constituents.

It is also proposed that an adhesive be used which comprises at least one filler, preferably a sheet silicate, in particular sepiolite, the proportion of sheet silicate preferably being at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 7% by weight, and / or the layered silicate has an average grain size between 0.1 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm. In this way, the moisture-storing or moisture-regulating properties of the adhesive layer produced from the adhesive mass can be improved. Because layered silicates, such as sepiolite, have a high absorbency or sorption capacity due to their porous structure. The grain size of the layered silicate also has a significant influence in this context. An average grain size of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, is considered to be particularly advantageous. Furthermore, the mean grain size is preferably 0.25 mm to 1.3 mm.

The adhesive mass is preferably applied manually, preferably by means of a notched trowel, to the subsurface on site. The manual order has the advantage that the order can be limited to specific areas, for example to create a fire bar within an insulation layer. Furthermore, manual application enables you to work in layers, for example if a larger area is to be insulated. With the help of the notched trowel, the layer thickness can be set when applying the adhesive, since the tooth height determines the layer thickness.

A notched trowel is preferably used, the teeth of which have at least one angled tooth flank, so that the teeth have a broadened base. This means that the teeth each have a larger tooth width at their proximal ends than at their distal ends. Conversely, when the adhesive mass is applied, the widened base of the teeth leads to grooves or furrows, the width of which increases in the direction of their distal end. This means that when an insulation board is attached to the subsurface, due to the reduced contact area, floating support is achieved, which makes it easier to align the insulation board.

Furthermore, a notched trowel is preferably used, the teeth of which each have an area A ₁ which is smaller than an area A ₂ of a space remaining between two teeth. This means that comparatively narrow grooves or furrows are formed, which enable an efficient adhesive application, since more adhesive mass remains than is removed. In addition, closing of the adhesive mass behind the teeth of the notched trowel is promoted, which promotes the formation of an uninterrupted adhesive layer. For this purpose, the tooth width or the width of the interdental spaces is preferably matched to the viscosity of the adhesive mass.

In the proposed method, an insulation board made of perlite, mineral foam, mineral wool, soft wood fibers, airgel or polymer foam is preferably used. Perlite and mineral foam sheets are particularly sensitive to breakage, so that the advantages of the method according to the invention are particularly evident here Kick days. Incidentally, it has been shown - surprisingly - that insulation boards made of less dimensionally stable materials, such as mineral wool, can be vibrated in particularly well.

Furthermore, an insulation board is preferably used, the water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient of which is μ <20, further preferably μ <10. This means that the insulation board is open to water vapor diffusion, so that water vapor from the room air is able to penetrate through the insulation board to an adhesive layer serving as a moisture storage or buffer. If the vapor pressure gradient is reversed, as the room air humidity decreases again over time, the water vapor diffuses in the opposite direction through the insulation board and is finally released back into the room air. In this way, an interior insulation system that is optimized in terms of building physics can be created, provided the formation of a continuous, homogeneous adhesive layer with moisture-storing properties is guaranteed. The gluing of the insulation board according to the method according to the invention is able to achieve this.

An adhesive layer formed from the adhesive compound for gluing the insulation board preferably has a water vapor diffusion resistance number μ <25, further preferably μ <20.

When the insulation board is vibrated into the adhesive mass, the board of the vibration device is preferably first placed centrally in relation to the total area of the insulation board, then in the center in relation to the side edges of the insulation board and finally at the corners of the insulation board. This ensures that the insulation board is completely vibrated in and that the insulation board does not lift off in the area of a corner or side edge of the insulation board.

The method according to the invention described above enables the formation of a continuous, homogeneous adhesive layer which is almost free of air inclusions or voids. The procedure is therefore in particular for Production of interior insulation is suitable, since the adhesive layer produced by the method meets the high physical requirements mentioned at the outset that are placed on an interior insulation system. For this purpose, the at least one insulation board is glued to the room side of an outer wall.

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Vibrationsvorrichtung beim Einvibrieren einer Dämmplatte,
• Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Klebebilds einer verklebten Dämmplatte aus Perlite, die einvibriert statt angeklopft worden ist,
• Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Klebebilds einer verklebten Dämmplatte aus Perlite, die lediglich angeklopft, aber nicht einvibriert worden ist,
• Fig. 4 eine Gegenüberstellung der Klebebilder zweier Dämmplatten aus expandiertem Polystyrol (EPS), von denen die linke Dämmplatte einvibriert und die rechte Dämmplatte angeklopft worden ist, und
• Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung der zeitlichen Abfolge der Verfahrensschritte beim Einvibrieren der Dämmplatte.

The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:

• Fig. 1 a perspective view of a vibration device when vibrating an insulation board,
• Fig. 2 a perspective view of the adhesive image of a glued insulation board made of perlite that has been vibrated in instead of tapped,
• Fig. 3 a perspective view of the adhesive image of a glued insulation board made of perlite, which has only been tapped but not vibrated in,
• Fig. 4 a comparison of the adhesive pictures of two insulation boards made of expanded polystyrene (EPS), of which the left insulation board has been vibrated and the right insulation board tapped, and
• Fig. 5 a schematic representation of the time sequence of the process steps when vibrating the insulation board.

Detailed description of the drawings

Of the Fig. 1 a vibration device 4 for carrying out the method according to the invention can be seen. The vibration device 4 has a plate 5 which, during the production of an insulated wall, is attached to an insulating plate 1 which has previously been attached to an on-site substrate 3 by means of a pasty adhesive mass 2. The vibrating device 4 generates a movement perpendicular to the plane of the insulation board 1, which is transmitted from the plate 5 of the vibration device 4 to the insulation board 1. The movement causes cavities in the adhesive mass 2 to close behind the insulation board 1, so that the adhesive layer is essentially free of voids. This effect can be demonstrated on the basis of the adhesive pattern that appears when the insulation board 1 is removed again shortly after gluing.

For comparison, examples of such adhesive images are shown below.

Of the Fig. 2 For example, the adhesive image of an insulation board 1 made of perlite glued according to the method according to the invention can be seen. To bond the insulation board 1, the adhesive 2 was first applied to the substrate 3 with the aid of a notched trowel. The insulation board 1 was then attached to the substrate 3 and pressed lightly so that a connection between the insulation board 1 and the substrate 3 was established by means of the adhesive compound 2. Finally, the insulation board 1 with the help of the Fig. 1 vibration device 4 shown vibrated. The insulation board 1 was then removed again in order to check the adhesive image. This essentially no longer shows any grooves that represent an imprint of the teeth of the notched trowel, with the help of which the adhesive mass was applied to the substrate.

Of the Fig. 3 In contrast, the adhesive image of an insulation board 1 made of perlite can be seen, which was glued using the same method as before, but was not vibrated in, but only tapped. The grooves can still be clearly seen here. This means that cavities have remained in the area of the grooves.

Further experiments were carried out with insulation boards 1 made of expanded polystyrene (EPS). These were glued as before and then vibrated or tapped. In the Fig. 4 the respective adhesive pictures are compared. The left side shows the adhesive image of the vibrated-in insulation board 1 and the right side shows the adhesive image of the insulation board 1 that has only been tapped. The differences are clearly visible. While the sticker on the left hardly shows any grooves, the sticker on the right consists almost entirely of grooves.

• Mittiges Ansetzen der Platte 5 der Vibrationsvorrichtung 4 an die Dämmplatte 1 angesetzt (Bereich 1.1),
• Ansetzen der Platte 5 jeweils mittig in Bezug auf die beiden langen Seitenkanten (Bereiche 1.2),
• Ansetzen der Platte 5 jeweils mittig in Bezug auf die kurzen Seitenkanten (Bereiche 1.3) und
• Ansetzen der Platte 5 an den Ecken der Dämmplatte 1 (Bereiche 1.4).

Ideally, you should proceed as follows when vibrating in (see Fig. 5 ):

• Central attachment of the plate 5 of the vibration device 4 to the insulation plate 1 (area 1.1),
• Attach the plate 5 centrally in relation to the two long side edges (areas 1.2),
• Attach the plate 5 centrally in relation to the short side edges (areas 1.3) and
• Attach the plate 5 to the corners of the insulation plate 1 (areas 1.4).

An insulating panel 1 vibrated in this way is pressed evenly onto the adhesive layer so that no edges or corners stand out. Furthermore, the movements when vibrating in lead to a convergence of the adhesive mass 2 behind the insulating board 1, so that a largely void-free adhesive layer is produced.

Claims (13)

1. A method for producing an insulated wall, in particular a wall having internal insulation, in which at least one insulation board (1) is fastened to an on-site substrate (3) by means of an adhesive compound (2) to form an insulation layer, said method comprising the steps:

   - applying the adhesive compound (2) over the full area of the on-site substrate (3) and/or of the rear face of the insulation board (1),

   - placing the insulation board (1) against the substrate (3) so that a connection is produced between the insulation board (1) and the substrate (3) via the adhesive compound (2),

   - vibrating the insulation board (1) into the adhesive compound (2) with the aid of a vibration device (4), during which the insulation board (1) is oriented and/or levelled.
2. The method according to Claim 1,
   characterised in that
   a vibration device (4) having a plate (5) is used, which is placed flat against the insulation board (1) so that a movement, generated by means of the vibration device (4), of the plate (5) is transferred to the insulation board (1).
3. The method according to Claim 2,
   characterised in that
   a movement of the plate (5) is generated perpendicular to the plane of the insulation board (1) by means of the vibration device (4).
4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the adhesive compound (2) is applied in a layer thickness of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 3 mm, further preferably at least 4 mm, to the on-site substrate (2) and/or to the rear face of the insulation board (1).
5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   an adhesive compound (2) is used which comprises a mineral binder, preferably cement, in particular white cement.
6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   an adhesive compound (2) is used which contains no or less than 5 wt% organic constituents.
7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   an adhesive compound (2) is used which comprises at least one filler, preferably a phyllosilicate, in particular sepiolite, wherein preferably the proportion of the phyllosilicate is at least 5 wt%, preferably at least 7 wt%, and/or the phyllosilicate has an average grain size between 0.1 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm.
8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   the adhesive compound (2) is applied manually, preferably by means of a serrated trowel, to the on-site substrate (3).
9. The method according to Claim 8,
   characterised in that
   a serrated trowel is used, the teeth of which have at least one angled tooth flank, so that the teeth have a widened base.
10. The method according to Claim 8 or 9,
    characterised in that
    a serrated trowel is used, the teeth of which each have an area A₁ which is smaller than an area A₂ of an interstice between two teeth.
11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    an insulation board (1) consisting of perlite, mineral foam, mineral wool, soft wood fibres, aerogel or polymer foam is used.
12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    an insulation board (1) is used, the water vapour resistance factor µ of which is < 20, further preferably < 10.
13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    when the insulation board (1) is vibrated into the adhesive compound, the plate (5) of the vibration device (4) is first placed centrally in relation to the total area of the insulation board (1), then centrally in relation to each of the side edges of the insulation board (1), and finally at each of the corners of the insulation board (1).

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