EP3485049A1 - Alliage cuivre-nickel-étain, procédé de préparation et utilisation de celui-ci - Google Patents

Alliage cuivre-nickel-étain, procédé de préparation et utilisation de celui-ci

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Publication number
EP3485049A1
EP3485049A1 EP17736567.3A EP17736567A EP3485049A1 EP 3485049 A1 EP3485049 A1 EP 3485049A1 EP 17736567 A EP17736567 A EP 17736567A EP 3485049 A1 EP3485049 A1 EP 3485049A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
copper
nickel
alloy
wear
maximum
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP17736567.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3485049B1 (fr
Inventor
Kai Weber
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Wieland Werke AG
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Wieland Werke AG
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/004—Copper alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1073—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure, e.g. squeeze casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a copper-nickel-tin alloy with excellent castability, hot workability and cold workability, high resistance to abrasive wear, adhesive wear and fretting wear and improved corrosion resistance and
  • the binary copper-tin alloys are of great importance in mechanical engineering and vehicle construction and in a wide range of electronics and electrical engineering.
  • This material group has a high resistance to abrasive wear.
  • the copper-tin alloys ensure good sliding properties and a high fatigue strength, resulting in their excellent suitability for sliding elements in engine construction and vehicle construction and in general mechanical engineering.
  • the copper-nickel-tin alloys have, compared to the binary copper Tin materials improved mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and yield strength.
  • the increase of the mechanical characteristics is achieved by the hardenability of the Cu-Ni-Sn alloys.
  • the precipitation processes are essential for adjusting the properties of this group of materials.
  • the presence of discontinuous precipitates, particularly at the grain boundaries of the microstructure of the Cu-Ni-Sn alloys, is reported to be associated with a deterioration in dynamic stress toughness properties.
  • DE 0833954 T1 proposes a spinodal Cu-Ni-Sn continuous casting alloy with 8 to 16 wt.% Ni, 5 to 8 wt.% Sn and optionally up to 0.3 wt. % Mn, up to 0.3 wt.% B, up to 0.3 wt.% Zr, up to 0.3 wt.% Fe, up to 0.3 wt.% Nb and up to 0 , 3 wt .-% Mg without kneading to produce.
  • Copper alloys with the conventional method of ingot casting with subsequent hot forming and cold forming with intermediate annealing are not or only with poor efficiency to produce, because the
  • These copper alloys also include the copper-nickel-tin materials. To ensure cold forming of the cast state of such alloys, therefore, a thin strip casting process with precise control of
  • the Schwingreibverschl composition in technical language called Fretting, is a Reibverschl yield that occurs between oscillating contact surfaces.
  • Fretting is a Reibverschl corrosion that occurs between oscillating contact surfaces.
  • the reaction with the surrounding medium leads to fretting corrosion.
  • Material damage can significantly lower the local strength in the wear zone, in particular the fatigue strength. From the damaged component surface can go out Schwinganrisse, the
  • Vibratory friction / Friction corrosion / Fretting is therefore a combination of material properties wear resistance, ductility and
  • Nickel silicides and nickel phosphides are said to provide high strength and good stress relaxation resistance of the alloy.
  • a copper alloy is named in US Pat. No. 2,129,197 A.
  • Contract welding is applied to the base body and 77 to 92 wt .-% Cu, 8 to 18 wt .-% Sn, 1 to 5 wt .-% Ni, 0.5 to 3 wt .-% Si and 0.25 to 1 Wt .-% contains Fe.
  • the silicides and phosphides of the alloying elements nickel and iron should serve here.
  • Copper alloy with up to 0.4 wt .-% Si, 1 to 10 wt .-% Ni, 0.02 to 0.5 wt .-% B, 0, 1 to 1 wt .-% P and 4 to 25 wt .-% Sn known.
  • This alloy can be used in the form of cast iron as welding filler metal on suitable metallic
  • the alloy has improved ductility over the prior art and is machinable. Except for build-up welding, this Cu-Sn-Ni-Si-P-B alloy is for
  • Deposition can be used by spraying.
  • the addition of phosphorus, silicon and boron is said to be the self-fluxing properties of
  • the teaching disclosed in this document writes a particularly high P content of 0.2 to 0.6 wt .-% at mandatory Si content of the alloy of 0.05 to 0.15 wt .-% before. This underlines the superficial demand for the self-flowing properties of the material. With this high P content, the hot workability of the alloy will be poor and the spinodal demixability of the structure will be insufficient.
  • complex silicide formations / boride formations of the elements nickel and iron reaching a size of 5 to 100 pm increase the wear resistance of a copper alloy containing 5 to 30 wt% Ni, 1 to 5 wt% Si, 0 , 5 to 3 wt .-% B and 4 to 30 wt .-% Fe considerably.
  • the element tin is not included in this material. This material is by means of build-up welding on a suitable substrate as
  • Sn and / or zinc in particular increases the resistance of the material to adhesive wear. This material is also applied by deposition welding on a suitable substrate as a wear protection layer.
  • the copper alloy according to the documents US Pat. No. 4,818,307 A and US Pat. No. 5,004,581 A will have only a very limited cold workability due to the required size of the silicide formations / boride formations of the elements nickel and iron of 5 to 100 .mu.m.
  • This copper base alloy contains 0.1 to 10 wt .-% Ni, 0.1 to 10 wt .-% Sn, 0.05 to 5 wt .-% Si, 0.01 to 5 wt .-% Fe and 0.0001 to 1 % By weight of boron.
  • This material has a content of disperse-distributed intermetallic phases of the system Ni-Si. The properties of the alloy are also explained in embodiments which have no Fe content.
  • the composition becomes 1 to 8 wt% Ni, 2 to 6 wt% Sn, and 0.1 to 5 wt% of two or more Elements of the group AI, Si, Sr, Ti and B indicated.
  • Zr, Fe and Co have a grain-refining and strength-enhancing function.
  • Phosphorus manages the processing-technologically important reduction of the relative high base melt temperature. Therefore, the use of these alloying additives is particularly in the field of wear-resistant
  • Coating materials and high-temperature materials which include, for example, the alloys of the systems Ni-Si-B and Ni-Cr-Si-B. In these cases, the alloys of the systems Ni-Si-B and Ni-Cr-Si-B. In these cases, the alloys of the systems Ni-Si-B and Ni-Cr-Si-B.
  • the alloying elements boron and silicon are responsible for the strong lowering of the melting temperature of nickel base age alloys
  • Nickel base age alloys becomes possible.
  • important information on a further function of the alloying element boron in Si-containing metallic melts are included. Accordingly, an addition of boron causes a disruption of the oxides forming in the melt and the formation of boron silicates, which rise to the surface of the coating layers and thus prevent the further access of oxygen. In this way, a smooth surface of the coating layer can be realized.
  • thermomechanical loading of this solder joint or during the soldering process itself large voltages occur at the interfaces, which can lead to cracks, especially in the vicinity of the intermetallic phases.
  • a mixing of the solder components with particles is proposed, the one
  • SiB 3 , SiB 4 , SiB 6 and / or SiB n silicon borides which are usually determined in the boron content, differ in their properties
  • Surface coating consists of a relatively ductile matrix of the metals iron, cobalt and nickel with incorporated silicides and bonded hard particles (Knotek, O. Lugscheider, E., Reimann, H .: A contribution to the
  • Ni-Cr-Si Ni-Cr-B, Ni-B-Si and Ni-Cr-B-Si.
  • the Ni-B-Si alloys contain not only the silicides Ni ⁇ Si and Ni 5 Si 2 but also the borides Ni 3 B and the Ni-Si borides / Ni silicoborides Ni 6 Si 2 B. Also, a certain inertia of the silicide formation in the presence of the element boron is reported. Further investigations of the alloy system Ni-B-Si led to the detection of the refractory Ni-Si-borides Ni 6 Si 2 B and Ni 4, 29Si 2 Bi, 43 (Lugscheider, E.;
  • Ni-Si borides exist in a relatively large homogeneity region towards boron and silicon.
  • the element zinc is added to the copper-nickel-tin alloys to lower the metal price. Functionally, the alloying element zinc causes the stronger formation of Sn-rich or Ni-Sn-rich phases from the melt. In addition, zinc enhances the formation of the alloying element zinc.
  • Precipitants in the spinodal Cu-Ni-Sn alloys are also added to the copper-nickel-tin alloys to improve runflat properties and to improve machinability.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a high-strength copper-nickel-tin alloy, over the entire range of nickel content and tin content of 2 to 10 wt .-% each an excellent
  • the copper-nickel-tin alloy after casting should be free of gas pores and shrinkage pores and stress cracks and by a structure with
  • intermetallic phases should already be present in the microstructure of the copper-nickel-tin alloy after casting. This is important so that the alloy already has a high strength, a high hardness and a sufficient wear resistance in the cast state.
  • the cast state of the copper-nickel-tin alloy should not first be homogenized by means of a suitable annealing treatment to a
  • the processing properties of the copper-nickel-tin alloy on the one hand, the goal is that their cold workability does not significantly deteriorate in spite of the content of intermetallic phases with respect to the conventional Cu-Ni-Sn alloys. On the other hand, for the alloy should
  • Cooling speed after removal of the materials is considered necessary to rapidly cool the materials by means of water quenching after the spinodal removal, in order to obtain a spinodally segregated structure without discontinuous precipitations. Since, however, dangerous residual stresses can form as a result of this cooling method after the removal, the invention is based on the further object of preventing the formation of discontinuous precipitates during the entire production process, including the aging, on the alloy side.
  • a further processing which comprises at least one annealing or at least one hot forming and / or cold forming together with at least one annealing, is a fine-grained, hard particle-containing structure with high strength, high heat resistance, high hardness, high stress relaxation resistance and corrosion resistance, sufficient electrical conductivity and a high Level of resistance to the mechanisms of Sliding wear and the Schwingreibverschl devises set.
  • the invention is with respect to a copper-nickel-tin alloy by the
  • the invention includes a high strength copper-nickel-tin alloy having excellent castability, hot workability and cold workability
  • the copper-nickel-tin alloy contains Si-containing and B-containing phases and phases of the systems Ni-Si-B, Ni-B, Ni-P and Ni-Si, which the
  • the invention includes a high-strength copper-nickel-tin alloy, with excellent castability, hot workability and
  • Corrosion resistance and stress relaxation resistance consisting of (in% by weight):
  • CU h Ni k Sn m can be given and a ratio (h + k) / m of
  • Silicon borides are formed, the Ni-Si borides and the Ni borides, Ni phosphides and Ni silicides, which are present individually and / or as addition compounds and / or mixed compounds, germs for a uniform
  • Si-containing and B-containing phases which are formed as boron silicates and / or Borphosphorsilikate, take over together with the phosphorus silicates the role of a wear-protective and corrosion-protective coating on the semi-finished products and components of the alloy.
  • the first phase constituents and / or the second phase constituents are contained with at least 1% by volume in the cast structure of the alloy. Due to the uniform distribution of the first phase components and / or the second phase components in island form and / or in network form, the structure is free of segregations. Among such segregations are accumulations of the first phase components and / or the second phase components in the
  • Understood cast structure which are designed as grain boundary segregations, which under thermal and / or mechanical stress of the casting cause damage to the structure in the form of cracks, which can lead to breakage.
  • the structure is still free of water after casting
  • the alloy is in the cast state.
  • the invention includes a high-strength copper-nickel-tin alloy, with excellent castability, hot workability and
  • Corrosion resistance and stress relaxation resistance consisting of
  • B2 are contained in the structure with up to 80% by volume as continuous precipitations of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn,
  • Ni phosphides and Ni silicides in the structure, which individually and / or as addition compounds and / or
  • Si-containing and B-containing phases which are called silicon borides
  • Ni-Si borides and the Ni borides, Ni phosphides and Ni silicides which individually and / or as addition compounds and / or
  • the Si-containing and B-containing phases which are formed as boron silicates and / or Borphosphorsilikate, together with the phosphorus silicates take on the role of a wear-protective and corrosion-protective coating on the semi-finished products and components of the alloy.
  • the continuous precipitates of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn with at least 0.1% by volume in the structure of the further processed
  • Seigerache./ Such segregations are understood accumulations of the first phase constituents and / or the second phase constituents in the structure, which are designed as grain boundary segregations, which cause damage to the structure in the form of cracks, which can lead to breakage, especially under dynamic loading of the components.
  • the structure of the alloy is free of gas pores, shrinkage pores and stress cracks after further processing. It should be emphasized as an essential feature of the invention that the structure of the further processed state is free of discontinuous precipitates of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn.
  • the alloy is in the processed state.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a copper-nickel-tin alloy provided with Si-containing and B-containing phases and with phases of the systems Ni-Si-B, Ni-B, Ni-P and Ni-Si becomes. These phases significantly improve the processability of castability, hot workability and cold workability. Furthermore, these phases improve the
  • the copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention can be produced by means of the sand casting method, mask casting method, investment casting method, full-cast casting method. Process, die casting process, lost foam process and chill casting process or by means of continuous or semi-continuous
  • Cast formats of the copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention can in particular over the entire range of Sn content and Ni content directly without the mandatory implementation of a
  • Homogenmaschinesglühung be hot-formed, for example, by hot rolling, extrusion or forging. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that after chill casting or continuous casting of the formats from the
  • the metallic matrix of the structure of the copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention consists in the cast state with increasing Sn content of the alloy, depending on the casting process, from increasing proportions of tin
  • phase components can be of the empirical formula Ni Cu h k m Sn indicated and have a ratio (h + k) / m of the element contents in atomic% 2-6 on.
  • the second phase components can be used with the molecular formula
  • Cu p Ni r Sn s are given and have a ratio (p + r) / s of
  • the alloy according to the invention is characterized by Si-containing and B-containing phases which can be subdivided into two groups.
  • the first group concerns the Si-containing and B-containing phases, which as
  • Silicon borides are formed and can be present in the modifications SiB 3 , SiB 4 , SiB 6 and SiB n .
  • the "n" in the compound SiB n denotes the high solubility of the element boron in the silicon lattice
  • the second group of the Si-containing and B-containing phases relates to the silicatic compounds of the boron silicates and / or borophosphosilicate.
  • the microstructure content of the Si-containing and B-containing phases which as silicon borides and as
  • Borosilicate and / or Borphosphorsilikate are formed, a minimum of 0.01 and a maximum of 10% by volume.
  • the uniformly distributed arrangement of the first phase constituents and / or second phase constituents in the microstructure of the alloy according to the invention results in particular from the effect of the Si-containing and B-containing phases, which are formed as silicon borides, and the Ni-Si borides with the
  • Ni-Si borides and the Ni borides are contained in each case 1 to 15% by volume and the Ni phosphides and Ni silicides each having 1 to 5% by volume in the microstructure.
  • Phase components and / or the second phase components of the metallic matrix preferably in the regions of the crystallization nuclei, whereby the crystallization nuclei of tin and / or the first phase components and / or the second phase components are coated.
  • first-grade hard particles These crystallization nuclei encased in tin and / or the first phase constituents and / or the second phase constituents are referred to below as first-grade hard particles.
  • the hard particles of the first class have a size of less than 80 ⁇ m in the cast state of the alloy according to the invention.
  • the size of the Hard particles of first class less than 50 pm.
  • the island-like arrangement of the first phase constituents and / or of the second phase constituents changes into a network-like arrangement in the microstructure.
  • the first phase constituents can assume a proportion of up to 35% by volume.
  • the second phase constituents assume a proportion of up to 15% by volume.
  • the first phase constituents and / or the second phase constituents are contained in the structure of the casting state of the alloy with at least 1% by volume.
  • the alloying element boron As a result of the addition of the alloying element boron, an inhibited and thus only incomplete formation of the phosphides and silicides occurs during the casting of the alloy according to the invention. For this reason, a content of phosphorus and silicon remains dissolved in the metallic base of the cast state.
  • the conventional copper-nickel-tin alloys have a relatively large solidification interval. This large solidification interval increases the risk of gas absorption during casting and, as a result, uneven, coarse, usually dendritic crystallization of the melt. The consequences are often gas pores and coarse Sn-rich segregations, at the phase boundary often shrinkage pores and stress cracks occur. In addition, with this material group, the Sn-rich segregations preferably occur at the grain boundaries.
  • the elements boron, silicon and phosphorus assume a deoxidizing function in the melt of the invention.
  • By adding boron and silicon it is possible to lower the content of phosphorus without lowering the intensity of deoxidation of the melt.
  • Solidification interval of the alloy according to the invention As a result, the cast state of the invention has a very uniform microstructure with a fine distribution of the individual phase components. Thus occur in the
  • alloy according to the invention in particular at the grain boundaries, no tin-enriched segregations.
  • the elements boron, silicon and phosphorus cause a reduction of the metal oxides.
  • the elements are themselves oxidized, rising mostly to the surface of the castings and form there as boron silicates and / or Borphosphorsilikate and as phosphorus silicates a protective layer that protects the castings against gas absorption. Exceptionally smooth surfaces of the castings from the
  • a basic idea of the invention consists in the transfer of the effect of boron silicates, boron phosphorsilicates and phosphorus silicates with respect to the
  • Copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention causes on the one hand during the solidification of the melt by means of the action of the crystallization nuclei a structure with a uniform island-shaped and / or reticular distribution of the first phase constituents and / or the second phase constituents of the metallic matrix.
  • the Si-containing and B-containing phases which form during the solidification of the melt and which form borosilicates and / or borophosphorus silicates ensure this are, together with the phosphorus silicates the necessary adjustment of the thermal expansion coefficients of the first phase components and / or the second phase components and the copper mixed crystal of the metallic base material. In this way, the formation of pores as well
  • the alloy content of the copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention furthermore causes a significant change in the grain structure in the cast state.
  • a substructure with a grain size of the subgrains of less than 30 ⁇ m is formed in the primary cast structure.
  • the alloy according to the invention may be subjected to further processing by annealing or by hot working and / or cold working together with at least one annealing.
  • One possibility of further processing of the copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention consists of the castings by means of at least one
  • the alloy according to the invention already has a high strength in the cast state.
  • the castings thus have a lower cold workability, which makes economic processing difficult. For this reason, the implementation of a
  • Cooling speed can be used.
  • the use of accelerated air cooling has also proved to be practicable to lower to a sufficient degree the hardness-increasing and strength-increasing effect of the precipitation processes and segregation processes in the microstructure during the homogenization annealing of the invention.
  • the outstanding effect of the nucleation nuclei for the recrystallization of the microstructure of the invention can be seen in the microstructure which, after cold working, can be adjusted by means of annealing in the temperature range from 170 to 880 ° C. and an annealing time of between 10 minutes and 6 hours.
  • the extraordinarily fine structure of the recrystallized alloy allows further cold forming steps with a degree of deformation ⁇ of mostly over 70%. In this way, high-strength states of the alloy can be produced.
  • Tensile strength R m , the yield strength R p0 , 2 and the hardness are set.
  • the height of the parameter R p o, 2 is for the sliding elements
  • R p0 , 2 is a prerequisite for the necessary spring characteristics of connectors in electronics and electrical engineering.
  • Hot forming of the alloy according to the invention in the temperature range of 600 to 880 ° C favorably takes place. This results in a further increase in the uniformity and the fine grain of the microstructure.
  • the cooling of the semi-finished products and components can be carried out after the hot deformation of calmed or accelerated air or water.
  • At least one annealing treatment of the cold-worked state of the invention may be carried out in the temperature range of 170 to 880 ° C for 10 minutes to 6 hours, alternatively with quenched or accelerated air or water cooling.
  • flash annealing may be performed in the temperature range of 170 to 550 ° C for 0.5 to 8 hours.
  • At least one annealing is formed precipitates of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn preferably in the regions of the crystallization nuclei, whereby the crystallization nuclei are encased by these precipitates.
  • Crystallization nuclei are referred to below as hard particles of second class.
  • the size of the hard particles of the second class decreases in comparison to the size of the hard particles of the first class.
  • there is a progressive comminution of hard particles of the second class since they can not support the change in shape of the metallic base material surrounding them as the hardest constituents of the alloy.
  • resulting hard particles of second class and / or the resulting segments of the hard particles of second class have a size of less than 40 pm to even less than 5 pm, depending on the degree of cold working.
  • Ni content and the Sn content of the invention are each within the limits of 2.0 to 10.0 wt%.
  • a Ni content and / or an Sn content of less than 2.0% by weight would result in too low strength values and hardness values.
  • the running properties of the alloy would be at
  • the content of nickel and tin in the range from 3.0 to 9.0 wt .-% proves to be advantageous.
  • the range of 4.0 to 8.0 wt% is particularly preferable for the content of the elements nickel and tin.
  • Copper materials are known to increase the degree of spinodal segregation of the microstructure as the Ni / Sn ratio of the element contents increases in weight percent of the elements nickel and tin. This is valid for a Ni content and an Sn content from about 2 wt .-%. With decreasing Ni / Sn ratio, the mechanism of precipitation formation of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn gets a higher weight, resulting in a decrease of the spinodal segregated
  • continuous precipitations of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn are formed with up to 80% by volume of the system.
  • the continuous precipitations of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn with at least 0.1% by volume in the structure of
  • the effect of the crystallization nuclei during the solidification / cooling of the melt, the effect of the crystallization nuclei as recrystallization nuclei and the effect of the silicate-based phases for the purpose of wear protection and corrosion protection can only reach a technically significant degree in the alloy according to the invention if the silicon content is at least 0.01% by weight and the boron content is at least 0.002% by weight. If, on the other hand, the Si content exceeds 1.5% by weight and / or the B content is 0.45% by weight, this leads to a deterioration of the casting behavior. The too high content of crystallization nuclei would make the melt significantly thicker. In addition, reduced toughness properties of the alloy according to the invention would result.
  • the range for the Si content within the limits of 0.05 to 0.9 wt .-% is evaluated.
  • the content of silicon from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight has proven particularly advantageous.
  • the content of 0.01 to 0.4 wt .-% is considered advantageous.
  • the content of boron has proven particularly advantageous from 0.02 to 0.3% by weight.
  • Ni-Si borides and on Si-containing and B-containing phases which are borosilicate and / or
  • Borphosphorsilikate are formed, has a lower limit of
  • the minimum ratio Si / B of the element contents of the elements silicon and boron in wt.% Of 0.8 is advantageous.
  • silicidic component of hard particles of first class This increases the Si content of the metallic matrix. If this exceeds an upper one
  • the maximum ratio Si / B of the element contents of the elements silicon and boron in wt .-% of the alloy according to the invention at 8.
  • the size of forming during a thermal or thermomechanical processing of the cast state of the alloy Ni -Silizide lower than 3 pm.
  • the limitation of the ratio Si / B of the element contents of the elements silicon and boron in% by weight to the maximum value of 6 has proven particularly advantageous.
  • the content of phosphorus of the alloy according to the invention is 0.001 to 0.09 wt .-%. Below 0.001 wt.%, The P content no longer contributes to ensuring sufficient castability of the invention. If the phosphorus content of the alloy assumes values above 0.09% by weight, on the one hand an excessively high Ni content is bound in the form of phosphides, which reduces the spinodal separability of the microstructure. On the other hand, with a P content above 0.09% by weight, the hot workability of the invention would be significantly impaired. For this reason, a P content of 0.01 to 0.09 wt .-% has proven to be particularly advantageous. Preferred is a P content in the range of 0.02 to 0.08 wt%.
  • the alloying element phosphorus is of very great importance for another reason. Together with the required maximum
  • Ratio Si / B of the elemental contents of the elements silicon and boron in wt.% Of 8 is attributable to the phosphorus content of the alloy, that after further processing of the invention, Ni phosphides and Ni silicides which are used individually and / or as addition compounds and / or mixed compounds are present and are coated by precipitates of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn, can form with a size of not more than 3 pm and with a content of 2 to 30% by volume in the structure.
  • Ni phosphides and Ni silicides which are used individually and / or as
  • Excretions of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn are coated and have a size of a maximum of 3 pm, are referred to below as hard particles of the third class.
  • these hard particles of the third class supplement the hard particles of the second class in their function as wear carriers.
  • they increase the strength and hardness of the metallic matrix and thus improve the resistance of the alloy to abrasive wear.
  • the third-class hard particles increase the resistance of the alloy to the adhesive wear.
  • these hard particles of third class cause a significant increase in the heat resistance and the
  • the alloy according to the invention has the character of a precipitation hardenable material.
  • the invention corresponds to a precipitation hardenable and spinodal
  • de-mixable copper-nickel-tin alloy The sum of the element contents of the elements silicon, boron and phosphorus is advantageously at least 0.2% by weight.
  • alloy according to the invention may contain the following choice elements:
  • the element cobalt can be added to the copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention with a content of up to 2.0 wt .-%.
  • the Cobalt alloying element can be added to participate in the formation of the crystallization nuclei and the hard particles of the first, second and third class of the alloy. Thereby, the Ni content bound in the hard particles can be reduced. In this way it can be achieved that the Ni content, effective in the metallic matrix for the spinodal
  • the element zinc may be added to the copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention at a content of 0.1 to 2.0 wt .-%. It has been found that the zinc alloying element, depending on the Ni content and Sn content of the alloy, increases the proportion of the first phase constituents and / or second phase constituents in the metallic matrix of the invention, thereby increasing strength and hardness. Responsible for this are the interactions between the Ni content and the Zn content.
  • the invention can be added to a zinc content in the range of 0.1 to 1, 5 wt .-%.
  • the copper-nickel-tin alloy according to the invention may have low, above the impurity limit Bleianteile up to 0.25 wt .-%.
  • the copper-nickel-tin alloy is unavoidable to any extent Impurities free of lead, which meets the current environmental standards.
  • lead contents up to a maximum of 0.1% by weight of Pb are being considered.
  • Si-containing and B-containing phases which are formed as boron silicates and / or Borphosphorsilikate, and of phosphorus silicates not only leads to a significant reduction in the content of pores and cracks in the structure of the alloy according to the invention. These siliceous based phases also take on the role of a wear-protective and
  • the alloying element tin contributes in particular to the formation of a so-called tribo layer between the sliding partners. Especially under mixed friction conditions, this mechanism is significant when the emergency running characteristics of a
  • the alloy of the present invention ensures a combination of the properties of wear resistance and corrosion resistance. This combination of properties leads to a demand high resistance to the mechanisms of sliding wear and a high
  • the invention is outstandingly suitable for use as a sliding element and connector, since it has a high degree of resistance to sliding wear and the Schwingreibverschl altern, the so-called fretting.
  • Si-containing and B-containing phases which are formed as boron silicates and / or Borphosphorsilikate, and the phosphorus silicates in terms of increasing the resistance of the alloy according to the invention over the Schwingreibverschl employ, the so-called fretting.
  • the heat resistance and stress relaxation resistance are among the other essential properties of an alloy used for
  • the alloy according to the invention Due to the uniform and fine-grained structure with extensive freedom from pores, freedom from cracks and freedom from segregation and the content of hard particles of first class, the alloy according to the invention has a high degree of strength, hardness, ductility, complex wear resistance and corrosion resistance already in the cast state. Through this combination of properties, sliding elements and guide elements can already be produced from the casting formats.
  • the casting state of the invention can also be used for the manufacture of valve housings and housings of water pumps, oil pumps and fuel pumps.
  • the processed version of the invention can be used. Due to the outstanding strength properties and the
  • the invention is suitable for the metal objects in constructions for the rearing of marine organisms (aquaculture). Furthermore, from the invention, pipes, gaskets and Connecting bolts are needed, which are needed in the maritime and chemical industry.
  • the material is of great importance. Especially, the material is of great importance.
  • Cymbals of high quality have hitherto been made of tin-containing copper alloys by means of hot forming and at least one annealing, before they are usually brought into the final shape by means of a bell or a shell.
  • the basins are then annealed again before their final machining takes place.
  • the production of the different variants of the basins e.g., Ride Basin, Hi-Hat, Crash Basin, China Basin, Splash Basin and Effect Basin
  • the material ensured by the alloy of the invention.
  • composition of the invention different microstructural proportions of the phases of the metallic matrix and the different hard particles can be adjusted in a very wide range. In this way it is already possible on the alloy side, to act on the sound of the pelvis.
  • the invention can be used to be applied to a composite partner by means of a joining process.
  • bearing composite shells or composite bearing bushes can be produced by roll cladding, inductive or conductive roll cladding or by laser roll cladding, also with the optional performance of at least one anneal in the temperature range of 170 to 880 ° C.
  • composite sliding elements such as bearing composite shells or composite bearing bushes.
  • a base body of the invention by means of hot-dip tinning or galvanic tinning, sputtering or by the PVD method or CVD method, a coating of tin or of a Sn-rich material, which serves as a running layer during storage operation.
  • alloy according to the invention and the running layer are made of tin or of the Sn-rich coating.
  • This multilayer system has a particularly advantageous effect on the adaptability and running ability of the plain bearing and improves the embedding ability of foreign particles and abrasive particles, and it does not damage even by thermal or thermomechanical stress of the sliding bearing by a repeal of the composite layer system due to pore formation and cracking in the border region individual layers comes.
  • the great potential of the copper-nickel-tin materials in particular with regard to strength, spring properties and stress relaxation resistance, can also be used for the field of application of tinned components, line elements, guide elements and connecting elements in electronics and electrical engineering by using the alloy according to the invention.
  • the damage mechanism of pore formation and cracking in the boundary region between the alloy according to the invention and the tinning is reduced even at elevated temperatures, whereby an increase in the electrical contact resistance of the components or even a replacement of tinning is counteracted.
  • Embodiment A is characterized by a Ni content of 6.0 wt%, an Sn content of 5.75 wt%, a Si content of 0.3 wt%, a B content of 0 , 15 wt .-%, a P content of 0.070 wt .-% and characterized by a balance copper.
  • Reference material R a conventional copper-nickel-tin-phosphorus alloy, has a Ni content of 5.78% by weight, an Sn content of 5.75% by weight, a P content of 0.032% by weight. -% and a remainder of copper.
  • the structure of the continuous casting plates of the reference material R has gas pores and shrinkage pores and Sn-rich segregations particularly on the
  • Embodiment A due to the effect of the crystallization nuclei a uniformly solidified, pore-free and segregation-free structure.
  • the metallic base of the casting state of the embodiment A consists of a copper mixed crystal with, based on the total structure, about 10 to 15% by volume of inscribed first phase constituents, which can be specified with the empirical formula CU h Ni k Sn m and a ratio (h + k) / m of the element contents in atomic% of 2 to 6 have.
  • the compounds CuNii 4 Sn 2 3 and CuNi 9 Sn 2 o with a ratio (h + k) / m of 3,4 and 4 were determined.
  • the metallic matrix with, based on the total structure, about 5 to 10% by volume of the second
  • Immersed island components in the form of an insulator which can be given the empirical formula Cu p Ni r Sn s and have a ratio (p + r) / s of elemental contents in atomic% of 10 to 15.
  • the compounds CuNi 3 Sn 8 and CuNi 4 Sn 7 were detected with a ratio (p + r) / s of 11, 5 and 13.3.
  • the first and second phase components of the metallic matrix are predominantly crystallized in the region of the crystallization nuclei and encase them.
  • Embodiment A gave hints on the compound SiB6 as a representative of Si-containing and B-containing phases, on Ni 6 Si 2 B as a representative of the Ni-Si borides, on Ni 3 B as a representative of the Ni borides, on Ni 3 P as a representative of the Ni phosphides and on Ni 2 Si as a representative Ni silicides which are used individually and / or as
  • Addition compounds and / or mixed compounds are present in the microstructure.
  • these hard particles are of tin and / or the first
  • Phase components and / or second phase components of the metallic matrix sheathed are Phase components and / or second phase components of the metallic matrix sheathed.
  • Cast structure of the embodiment A of the invention a grain size of less than 10 m.
  • the hardness HB of the casting state with 156 is significantly above the hardness of 94 HB of the continuous casting of R (Table 2).
  • Tab. 2 Also shown in Tab. 2 are the hardness values which were determined on the continuous casting of alloys A and R at a storage time of 3 hours at 400 ° C. The hardness increase from 94 to 145 HB falls at the
  • Reference material R is the largest.
  • the hardening is due in particular to a thermally activated segregation of the Sn-rich phase in the microstructure.
  • the tin-enriched phase components are distinguished in the structure of the embodiment A much finer in the hard particles. For this reason, the hardness increases from 156 to 176 HB not so pronounced at.
  • An object of the invention is to maintain the good
  • the temperature sensitivity of the reference material R with regard to the formation of the Sn-rich segregations was also evident in the annealing between the two cold forming steps (No. 4 in Tab. 3). For this reason, the annealing temperature of 740 ° C used for the intermediate annealing of the cold rolled plate of alloy A had to be lowered to 690 ° C for R.
  • the strengths and the hardness of the cold-rolled and the 300 ° C outsourced bands of the embodiment A are higher than the respective properties of the bands of the reference material R.
  • the hard particles of the second class are contained after aging at 450 ° C. (denoted by 3 in FIG. 3). Furthermore, further phases have been eliminated in the structure of the further processed alloy A. These include those designated in Fig. 3 with 4 continuous precipitates of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn and the hard particles of third class.
  • Hard particles of the third class of less than 3 pm characteristic It is for the further processed embodiment A of the invention after aging at 450 ° C even less than 1 pm (in Fig. 4 denoted by 5).
  • Table 4 Grain size, electrical conductivity and mechanical characteristics of the cold-rolled and aged strips of alloys A and R after
  • This production program 2 pursued the goal of processing the continuous casting plates of materials A and R into strips by means of cold forming and annealing, using identical parameters for the cold forming degrees and the annealing temperatures (Table 5).
  • the bands of embodiment A After the last cold rolling step to the final thickness of 3.0 mm, the bands of embodiment A have the highest strength values and hardness values (Table 6).
  • the structure of the outsourced states of the reference material R is characterized by discontinuous precipitates of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn (denoted 1 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).
  • the structure of the processed state of the reference material R is characterized by discontinuous precipitates of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn (denoted 1 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).
  • Reference material R are further Ni-phosphides included (in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 denoted by 2).
  • the structure of the outsourced bands of embodiment A of the invention is, however, very uniform with a grain size of 2 to 8 ⁇ . Moreover, in the structure of Embodiment A, the discontinuous ones are absent
  • the next step involved testing the hot workability of the continuous castings of alloys A and R.
  • the hot rolling of the cast plates was carried out at a temperature of 720 ° C (Table 7). For the others
  • the cast plates of the embodiment A of the invention could be hot rolled without damage and after several cold rolling processes and
  • Embodiment A of the alloy according to the invention which were manufactured without and with a hot-forming step.
  • Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 shows the uniform structure of the tapes of the embodiment A, which were prepared with a hot forming stage and a final outsourcing at 400 ° C73h / Beerkkühlung.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 again show the hard particles of the second class designated 3.
  • Precipitations of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn and the hard particles of the third class are made of the system (Cu, Ni) -Sn and the hard particles of the third class.
  • the hard particles of the third class even assume a size of less than 1 pm (denoted by 5 in FIG. 8).
  • Tab. 9 lists the process steps used in production program 4. The production took place with one cycle
  • Casting plate of alloy A was realized with a deformation ⁇ of 16%. After annealing at 690 ° C., cold rolling with ⁇ of 12% was carried out. Finally, the bands were removed at temperatures of 350, 400 and 450 ° C.
  • the low cold forming of the first cold rolling step of ⁇ 16% was not sufficient to eliminate together with the subsequent annealing at 690 ° C, the dendritic and coarse-grained structure of the reference material R.
  • the assignment of the grain boundaries of the alloy R reinforced with Sn-rich segregations was not sufficient to eliminate together with the subsequent annealing at 690 ° C, the dendritic and coarse-grained structure of the reference material R.
  • the crack-free and uniform structure of the bands of embodiment A is characterized by the arrangement of hard particles of the second and third class.
  • the hard particles of the third class also have a size of less than 1 ⁇ even after this production program 4.
  • the embodiment A has a high degree of outsourcing capability, which manifests itself through an interaction of the mechanisms of precipitation hardening and the spinodal segregation of the structure.
  • the characteristic values R m and R p o, 2 increase from 517 to 639 and from 481 to 568 MPa due to aging at 400 ° C.
  • Table 10 Grain size, electrical conductivity and mechanical characteristics of the cold-rolled and aged strips of alloys A and R after passing through production program 4 (Table 9)
  • Precipitation hardening and the degree of spinodal segregation of the microstructure of the invention can be adapted to the required material properties. In this way it is possible, in particular to align the strength, hardness, ductility and the electrical conductivity of the alloy according to the invention specifically to the intended application. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un alliage cuivre-nickel-étain haute résistance, présentant d'excellentes aptitudes au moulage, au formage à chaud et au formage à froid, une résistance élevée à l'usure par abrasion, à l'usure par adhérence, et à l'usure de contact, ainsi qu'une résistance accrue à la corrosion et à la relaxation des contraintes, composé de (en % en poids) : 2,0 à 10,0 % de Ni, 2,0 à 10,0 % de Sn, 0,01 à 1,5 % de Si, 0,002 à 0,45 % de B, 0,001 à 0,09 % de P, auxquels peuvent s'ajouter en option jusqu'à 2,0 % max. de Co, en option jusqu'à 2,0 % max. de Zn, et en option jusqu'à 0,25 % max. de Pb, le reste se composant de cuivre et d'impuretés inévitables, caractérisé en ce que le rapport Si/B des teneurs en % en poids en éléments silicium et bore est au minimum de 0,4 et au maximum de 8 ; en ce que l'alliage cuivre-nickel-étain comporte des phases contenant du Si et des phases contenant du B, ainsi que des phases des systèmes Ni-Si-B, Ni-B,Ni-P, et Ni-Si, qui améliorent notablement les caractéristiques de traitement et d'utilisation de l'alliage. L'invention concerne en outre une variante moulée et une variante ayant subi des traitements additionnels de l'alliage cuivre-nickel-étain haute résistance, un procédé de préparation ainsi que l'utilisation de l'alliage.
EP17736567.3A 2016-07-18 2017-06-27 Alliage cuivre-nickel-étain, procédé de préparation et utilisation de celui-ci Active EP3485049B1 (fr)

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DE102016008754.4A DE102016008754B4 (de) 2016-07-18 2016-07-18 Kupfer-Nickel-Zinn-Legierung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung
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CN112375936A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-02-19 镇江同舟螺旋桨有限公司 一种大型螺旋桨叶片用耐腐蚀性材料及制备方法
CN112440031B (zh) * 2020-11-23 2023-01-10 四川大西洋焊接材料股份有限公司 一种铜锰镍钎料及其制备方法
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CN109477167B (zh) 2020-12-15
KR102393772B1 (ko) 2022-05-04
US11035024B2 (en) 2021-06-15
EP3485049B1 (fr) 2022-07-06
DE102016008754B4 (de) 2020-03-26
US20200277686A9 (en) 2020-09-03
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US20190300985A1 (en) 2019-10-03
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