EP3482148A1

EP3482148A1 - Heat exchanger and vehicle comprising said exchanger

Info

Publication number: EP3482148A1
Application number: EP17745813.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Vincent Rossignol; Christophe MAESEELE
Original assignee: Novares France SAS
Current assignee: Novares France SAS
Priority date: 2016-07-06
Filing date: 2017-07-03
Publication date: 2019-05-15
Anticipated expiration: 2037-07-03
Also published as: FR3053775B1; WO2018007735A1; FR3053775A1; EP3482148B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) comprising: (i) a set (2a) of plastic plates (4), having two end plates (4a) and a plurality of juxtaposed intermediate plates (4b) extending between the two end plates (4a), a set of first spaces (6) and, partitioned from the set of first spaces (6a), a set of second spaces (6b) defined by the adjacent plates (4), the first spaces (6) being intended to allow a first fluid to circulate between the plates (4), and the second spaces (6b) being intended to allow a second fluid to circulate between the plates (4); and (ii) a base portion (8, 70) against which the two end plates (4a) are attached, the plurality of plates (4b) extending in a curved fashion between the two end plates (4a).

Description

THERMAL EXCHANGER AND VEHICLE COMPRISING THIS EXCHANGER

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and a vehicle comprising this heat exchanger.

Plate heat exchangers traditionally comprise a plurality of aluminum plates stacked to form between the adjacent plates an intermediate space for the circulation of a fluid.

The plates are conventionally rectangular, stacked in a rectilinear stacking direction and perpendicular to the plates.

However, a disadvantage of these heat exchangers is a relatively large size.

In addition, the aluminum heat exchangers have, due to the shape of the plates and their straight stacking direction, a parallelepiped shape that makes it difficult to integrate in an environment where the available space is limited.

Finally, because of the pressure experienced within the plates, it is often necessary to strengthen the existing heat exchangers by means of additional parts reported, such as bridges arranged between the plates. However, these additional parts reported can generate noisy vibrations and also increase the cost of the exchanger.

Also, the present invention aims to overcome all or part of these disadvantages by providing a heat exchanger with improved robustness, compactness and efficiency.

For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is a heat exchanger comprising (i) a set of plastic plates, having two end plates and a plurality of juxtaposed intermediate plates extending between the two end plates, a set of first spaces and, partitioned from the set of first spaces, a set of second spaces delimited by the adjacent plates, the first spaces being intended for a circulation of a first fluid between the plates and the second spaces being intended for a circulating a second fluid between the plates, and (ii) a base portion against which are attached the two end plates, the plurality of plates extending curvilinearly between the two end plates.

Thus, the plates are juxtaposed in a curved direction and supported by a base portion solidarizing the end plates, so that the pressure forces undergone are distributed and transmitted to the base portion which stiffens the heat exchanger, which allows to have an improved resistance also well to pressure than shear. The curved shape, permitted by the use of plastic plates, also makes it possible to increase the compactness of the heat exchanger, with equivalent thermal efficiency. The exchanger can be positioned inside a complex and restricted space.

Preferably, the intermediate plates have a first bearing surface and a second opposite bearing face which are respectively in abutment against an adjacent plate of the plate assembly, the first face and the second face being configured so that each plate has a corner geometry delimited by the first face and the second face which belong to secant planes.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the plates juxtaposed one after the other extend in a circular juxtaposition direction.

It is expected that each plate has at least one opening allowing the first fluid to flow in the first spaces.

Furthermore, each end plate and each intermediate plate have a quadrangular shape delimited by four edges and comprises a fluid guide rib from an edge and stopping at a distance from the opposite edge.

According to one embodiment, the base portion comprises a wall connecting the end plates so as to delimit a fluid passage duct around which the set of plates extends, and the set of intermediate spaces comprises first closed spaces, which are fluidly connected together for the circulation of at least one fluid through the set of plates, and second open spaces, which open into the passageway.

Thus, the curved path of the superimposed plates, as well as the base portion, are used to delimit a fluid inlet or outlet duct. The wall of the base portion serves as a guide for the supply of fluid to the open intermediate spaces or, conversely, for the discharge of fluid at the outlet of the open intermediate spaces. This makes it possible to devote the entire volume of the exchanger to a heat exchange function.

According to a preferred embodiment, the second open spaces have a first radial opening opening into the passage duct and a second radial opening which is in fluid communication with the first radial opening, the second radial opening delimiting a section of fluid passage more extent than that defined by the first radial opening. This makes it possible to reduce the pressure drops within the heat exchanger.

According to a preferred embodiment, the base portion comprises at least one inlet duct allowing the entry of a fluid into the first closed intermediate spaces of the set of intermediate spaces, and an exhaust duct allowing the output of this fluid out of the heat exchanger.

Thus, the fact that it is the base part that supports the intake and exhaust ducts improves the resistance to pressure.

According to a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger comprises at least one additional set of plates having two end plates secured to the base portion and a plurality of plates juxtaposed between these two end plates in a curvilinear direction, the plate assemblies of the heat exchanger forming a closed loop.

In other words, the stacking direction extends along a closed line. Thus, the plates are pressed against each other due to the pressure undergone, and the pressures are neutralized, so that the heat exchanger has an improved resistance to pressure.

According to one embodiment, a portion of a housing on which the end plates are molded.

It is envisaged that the intermediate plates comprise ribs which surround the openings.

According to a preferred embodiment, adjacent plates are secured by gluing.

This assembly technique preserves the integrity of the plates, avoiding a depressing effect, unlike welding, and therefore limits the risk of dimensional variability in the stacking direction, that is to say gap between end plates of the stack of plates. Thus, it is easier to make a stack of plates forming a loop.

According to a preferred embodiment, plates have projecting obstacles intended to impede the flow of a fluid inside one of the intermediate spaces, and the density of these obstacles is greater on the outer side than on the other side. inside the curve formed by the juxtaposition of plates.

Thus, this promotes heat exchange on the outside of the plates, so as to compensate for the decrease in efficiency of the heat exchange that may result from the increasing thickness of the plates to the outside. According to a preferred embodiment, the plates and / or the base portion comprise indexing means for positioning the plates relative to each other.

This characteristic makes it possible to position the plates precisely relative to one another in view of the curved stacking direction, in order to guarantee a quality seal.

According to a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger comprises forced convection means for circulating at least one fluid through the passage duct and the open intermediate spaces.

This improves the efficiency of the heat exchange.

According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a heat exchanger having the aforementioned characteristics.

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge clearly from the following detailed description of several embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view and, in perspective, of a heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment in which the heat exchanger is leaned against an outer surface of a casing,

FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view in perspective of the exchanger according to the embodiment of FIG. 4,

FIG. 6 is an exploded and perspective view of the exchanger according to the embodiment of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the exchanger of FIG. 4, the latter being open to show the circulation of a first liquid in broken lines,

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the flow of the first liquid flowing in the exchanger FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the exchanger of FIG. 4, the latter being open to show the circulation of a second liquid in continuous line,

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the flow of the first liquid flowing in the exchanger,

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment in which the heat exchanger is leaned against an inner surface of a casing;

FIG. 12 is a partial sectional view in perspective of the exchanger according to the embodiment of FIG. 11,

FIG. 13 is an exploded and perspective view of the exchanger according to the embodiment of FIG. 11.

For the sake of simplification, the components of the invention which are found identically in the various embodiments bear identical references.

Figure 1 shows a heat exchanger 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.

The heat exchanger 1 comprises at least one set 2a of plates 4, this set 2a of plates 4 having two end plates 4a and a plurality of adjacent intermediate plates 4b extending one after the other between the two plates. 4a end. The heat exchanger 1 also comprises a set of spaces 6 delimited, each by adjacent plates 4 to allow a flow of a first fluid between these plates 4, and a core or part 8 of base against which the plates 4a d end are in support and solidarity.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the end plates 4a and 4b may have an increasing thickness from the inside to the outside of the curve formed by the assembly 2a of plates 4, so that the plates 4b are arranged one after the other in a direction of curvilinear superposition, that is to say not rectilinear, with a change of orientation.

The plates 4 are thermally conductive. The plates 4, and preferably also the base part 8, are made of plastics material, in particular plastics material containing a thermally conductive filler, such as, for example, polyamide 66 (PA66) including a graphite and / or carbon filler, for provide a thermal conductivity at 20 ° C greater than 0.6 Wm ^ .K ^"1 , preferably equal to or greater than 1 Wm ^_1 .K More particularly, the intermediate plates 4b may have a first support surface 40 and a second opposite support face 42 which are respectively in abutment against an adjacent plate 4a, 4b of the plate assembly 2a 4. The first face 40 and the second face 42 are configured so that the adjacent intermediate plates 4b extend obliquely relative to each other, i.e. non-parallel. The first face 40 and the second face 42 are thus defined so that each plate 4b has a corner geometry delimited by the first face 40 and the second face 42. The first face 40 and the second face 42 extend, for example, in secant planes. Thus, the plates 4 juxtaposed one after the other extend in a direction of juxtaposition which is curvilinear, for example circular.

The base portion 8 advantageously comprises a wall 80 connecting the end plates 4a of the plate assembly 2a 4, in particular an inner side 44 of the end plates 4a, so as to delimit with the assembly 2a of plates 4 , in particular an inner side 44 of the plates 4, a conduit 10 for the passage of a fluid, such as air, around which the assembly 2a of plates 4 extends.

Note that the plates 4 may have a rectangular shape. Where appropriate, it is advantageously their inner longitudinal edge which delimits the conduit 10 passage.

The passage duct 10 has at least one axial opening 100 for the fluid inlet or outlet. In contrast to this axial opening 100, the passage duct 10 can be open or closed. The passage duct 10 may be a cylinder fraction, as can be seen for example in FIG. 2.

In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3, the set of spaces 6 comprises first closed spaces 6a, which are fluidly connected together for the circulation of at least one fluid through the assembly 2a of plates 4, and second open spaces 6b which open into the passage duct 10.

Preferably, the first closed spaces 6a and the second open spaces 6b are arranged alternately, in order to improve the efficiency of the heat exchange.

The second open spaces 6b in particular have a first radial opening 60 opening into the passage duct 10 and a second radial opening 62 which is in fluid communication with the first radial opening 60 and which opens towards the outside of the curve formed by the assembly 2a of plates 4, so as to constrain the fluid to pass radially through the assembly 2a of plates 4 with respect to the axis of the passage duct 10. The first radial opening 60 extends for example between the inner sides 44 of two adjacent plates 4, and the second radial opening 62 extends between outer sides 46, opposite the inner sides 44, of two adjacent plates 4 so as to lead out of the heat exchanger 1.

The second radial opening 62 may delimit a larger fluid passage section than that defined by the first radial opening 60, in order to improve the efficiency of the heat exchange.

Although not shown, the heat exchanger 1 may comprise one or more separating walls arranged in the passage duct 10 to delimit at least two compartments within the passage duct, and this to allow to circulate several fluids through the leads 10 of passage. The heat exchanger 1 thus gains in heat exchange efficiency and compactness. Where appropriate, each compartment is in fluid communication with at least open intermediate spaces 6b. The separating wall or walls may be secured to the base portion 8, and extend particularly from the wall 80 of the base portion to the inner side 44 of one of the plates 4.

The heat exchanger 1 comprises at least one inlet duct 12 allowing the entry of a fluid into the first closed spaces 6a of the set of intermediate spaces 6, and an evacuation duct 14 allowing the exit of this fluid out of the heat exchanger 1. Preferably, these ducts 12, 14 for admission and evacuation are supported by the base part 8, of which they can be an integral part.

To allow the circulation of a fluid through the first closed spaces 6a, the heat exchanger 1 comprises an inlet channel and a fluid discharge channel that can be formed by a plurality of inlet openings 48a and exit openings 48b for example formed through the plates 4 and communicating respectively with the ducts 12, 14 intake and discharge, each plate 4 having an inlet opening 48a and an outlet opening 48b. These inlet and outlet openings 48a, 48b are preferably respectively aligned, in particular in the direction of juxtaposition of the plates 4, so that the inlet and outlet channels of fluid passing through the plate assembly 2a 4 extends curvilinearly, especially circular.

Note that to allow the passage of a fluid from a first space 6a closed to another through a second open intermediate space 6b, the heat exchanger 1 may have peripheral walls 16 contributing to forming the inlet and outlet channels, each peripheral wall 16 extending all around an inlet opening 48a or exit opening 48b, as well as a face 400 to another of the two plates 4 adjacent delimiting the second space 6b corresponding open, so as to conduct the fluid to the next space 6.

Advantageously, the inlet and outlet channels, in particular the inlet and outlet openings 48a, 48b, are positioned one beside the other in a direction radial to the axis of the duct 10. passage, so as not to impede the flow of air.

As can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 3, the heat exchanger 1 comprises at least a second additional set 2b of plates 4, similar to the assembly 2a described above, thus in particular having plates 4 superimposed in a curvilinear juxtaposition direction. All the sets 2a, 2b of plates 4 of the heat exchanger 1 advantageously form a closed loop. In particular, the end plates 4a of each of the assemblies 2a, 2b are supported by the base portion 8. It will be noted that the admission and evacuation channels extend, if necessary, through all the sets 2a, 2b of plates 4, that is to say that the first closed spaces 6a of the different sets 2a, 2b of plates can be crossed by the same fluid or fluids.

To simplify the manufacture of the heat exchanger 1, the plate assemblies 2a, 2b can each be assembled independently before being reported in a second step to the base part 8.

Preferably, the adjacent plates 4 of the sets 2a, 2b of plates 4 are secured to each other by gluing to avoid dimensional variability.

The sets 2a, 2b of plates 4 may be substantially of the same length, and their plates 4 extend preferably in the same direction of superposition to promote a balance of forces resulting from the pressure undergone within the heat exchanger 1 .

As illustrated in the figures, where the sets 2a, 2b of plates 4 extend in a circular manner and form a cylinder, the base portion 8 extends diametrically within the duct 10. More generally, the base portion 8 preferably extends to the center of the passage duct 10.

The base portion 8 may be formed of several walls 80, for example a double wall 80, integral with each other. At least two of the walls 80 delimit between them a space where the ducts 12, 14 for admission and discharge. On each wall 80 are fixed the end plates 4a of one of the sets 2a, 2b of plates 4.

Preferably, the base part 8 is in one piece. The base portion 8 and the end plates 4a of the one or more sets 4a, 4b of plates 4 are advantageously molded in a single operation, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. Thus, the robustness is improved. and faster manufacturing.

Note that the plates 4 have obstacles 402, projecting from one or both sides 400 of the plates 4 defining the intermediate spaces 6, intended to impede the flow of a fluid inside one of the spaces 6 intermediaries. The density of these obstacles 402 is greater towards the outside of the curve formed by the set or sets 2a, 2b of plates 4, that is to say that the number of obstacles 402 per unit area is more important on the outer side 46 than on the inner side 44 of the plates 4.

In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3, the end plates 4a and the intermediate plates 4b have a quadrangular shape delimited by four edges 406 and comprises a rib 408 for guiding fluid from an edge and stopping away from the opposite edge. The rib 408 guides the fluid flowing in the first spaces 6a so as to maximize the fluid exchange surface.

Furthermore, several of the plates 4 or of the sets 2a, 2b of plates 4 may have a different geometry in order to create a predetermined thermal gradient within the heat exchanger 1 by promoting thermal transfer among one or more groups of plates 4 , i.e. at one or more predetermined locations.

Thus, the plates 4 may not all be identical. In particular, plates 4 may have a thickness different from that of other plates 4. It is also possible to provide plates 4 having obstacle arrangements 408 or different surface densities of obstacles 408. Also, some of the plates 4 may have, in addition or alternatively to a different geometry, a different density, especially in terms of thermally conductive charge density within the material constituting the plates 4. Whatever the relative thickness of the plates 4 , and more generally their respective geometries, it will be noted that the assembly 2a, 2b of the juxtaposed plates 4 must respect the space requirement and the curve defined by this assembly 2a, 2b, between the end plates 4a, in order to ensure the sealing and continuity of adjacent plates 4. As can be seen in FIG. 3, plates 4 may have guide ribs or walls 404 extending through open intermediate spaces, radially or obliquely to the axis of the passage duct 10. This makes it possible to orient and modify the flow direction of fluid flowing from the passage duct 10 to the open intermediate spaces 6b, or vice versa and to distribute the fluid more homogeneously through the open intermediate spaces 6b. In particular, the guide walls 404 may be curvilinear; have a proximal end facing the first radial opening 60 and a distal end facing the second radial opening 62.

The plates 4 and / or the base portion 8 may advantageously comprise indexing means, for example, such as, for example, a male / female plug system allowing precise and correct positioning of the plates 4 relative to one another. to others in the superposition direction.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the heat exchanger 1 may comprise forced convection means, for example a centrifugal fan 18, intended to circulate the fluid or fluids through the passage duct 10 and the intermediate open spaces 6b. . Moreover, these forced convection means may delimit a housing inside which extend the base portion 8 and the or 2a sets, 2b of plates 4. Thus, the forced convection means extend around the plates 4 and do not impede the flow of fluid within the conduit 10 passage.

In contrast to the embodiment of the invention described in FIGS. 1 to 3 which show a liquid / air exchanger, the two embodiments of FIGS. 4 to 10 and FIGS. 11 to 13 relate to liquid / liquid exchangers.

As can be seen in Figures 4 to 10, the heat exchanger 1 is applied on outer faces on a base portion which is constituted by a housing 70 partially shown.

In the example illustrated by these figures, the housing 70 has two faces 71 and 72 which meet at a right angle. On each of these two faces 71 and 72, there is the presence of an end plate 4a which may preferably be molded with the housing 70. The end plates 4a, 4b are each provided with two openings 48a and 48b which are respectively connected to a first inlet duct 12 of a first fluid - for example a motor oil to be cooled - and to a second intake duct 13 - for example a glycol-coolant - and to a first exhaust duct 14 and a second exhaust duct 15. The exchanger 1 further comprises a series of intermediate plates 4b; these are juxtaposed to form an arc extending substantially 270 ° in the example illustrated in Figures 4 to 10.

The exchanger 1 thus comprises a set 2a of plastic plates 4, having two end plates 4a which are integral parts of a housing and a series of juxtaposed intermediate plates 4b extending between the two end plates 4a. .

The end plates 4a and the intermediate plates 4b delimit a set of first spaces 6a and, partitioned from the set of first spaces 6a, a set of second spaces 6b. The first spaces 6 are intended for a circulation of a first fluid - shown in broken lines in FIGS. 7 and 8 - between the plates 4 and the second spaces 6b are intended for a circulation of a second fluid - represented in continuous lines. in FIGS. 9 and 10 - between the plates 4.

The intermediate plates 4a have forms including wedge, and materials identical to those of plates shown in Figures 1 to 3.

Contrary to the plates 4a of FIGS. 1 to 3 which delimit first closed spaces alternating with second open spaces, the plates 4a implemented in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 to 6 and 7 to 9 delimit first closed spaces 6a and second spaces 6b closed, the first spaces 6a and the second spaces 6b being sealed.

For this, the intermediate plates 4b are provided with ribs 410 which surround the openings 48a and / or 48b. This arrangement allows to create two spaces 6a, 6b, alternately, which allow the two fluids to heat exchange through the intermediate plates 4b. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the first fluid circulates between two first consecutive spaces 6a through openings 48a located in the lower part of the exchanger; Figures 9 and 10 show the second fluid flowing between two second spaces 6b consecutive - but not adjacent - through the openings 48a located in the upper part of the exchanger.

The embodiment of FIGS. 11 to 13 comprises an exchanger placed inside a housing which constitutes the base part of the exchanger.

In this case, the end plates 4a are integrally molded with the internal walls of the housing 70 which form an angle of 90 ° and the intermediate plates 4b are juxtaposed along a quarter circle. The invention thus makes it possible to produce an exchanger in particular of circular shape which can be used in a reduced space prohibited to conventional parallelepipedal aluminum exchangers.

The invention also relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising a heat exchanger 1 having all or some of the characteristics described below.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, this embodiment having been given as an example. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various devices or by the substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Heat exchanger (1) comprising (i) a set (2a) of plates (4) of plastic, having two end plates (4a) and a plurality of juxtaposed intermediate plates (4b) extending between the two plates (4a) end, a set of first spaces (6) and, partitioned from the set of first spaces (6a), a set of second space (6b) delimited by the plates (4) adjacent, the first spaces (6) being intended for a circulation of a first fluid between the plates (4) and the second spaces (6b) being intended for a circulation of a second fluid between the plates (4), and (ii) a part of base (8.70) against which are fixed the two end plates (4a), the plurality of plates (4b) extending curvilinearly between the two end plates (4a).

2. Exchanger (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate plates (4b) have a first face (40) of support and a second opposite face (42) of support which are respectively in abutment against a plate (4a, 4b) adjacent to the plate assembly (2a) (4), the first face (40) and the second face (42) being configured so that each plate (4b) has a corner geometry delimited by the first face (40) and the second face (42) which belong to secant planes.

3. Exchanger (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the plates (4) juxtaposed one after the other extend in a direction of juxtaposition circular.

4. Exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each plate (4a, 4b) has at least one opening (48a, 48b) allowing the first fluid to flow in the first spaces (6) .

5. Exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that each end plate (4a) and each intermediate plate (4b) have a quadrangular shape defined by four edges and comprises a fluid guide rib from an edge and s stopping at a distance from the opposite edge.

6. heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the portion (8) of base comprises a wall (80) connecting the end plates (4a) so as to define a conduit (10). fluid passage around which extends the assembly (2a) of plates (4), and all of the spaces (6) intermediate includes first spaces (6a) closed, which are fluidly connected to each other for the circulation of at least one fluid through the assembly (2a) of plates (4), and second spaces (6b) open, which open into the conduit (10) passage.

7. heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second spaces (6b) open have a first opening (60) radially opening into the conduit (10) passage and a second opening (62) radial shaft which is in fluid communication with the first radial opening (60), the second radial opening (62) delimiting a larger fluid passage section than that defined by the first radial opening (60).

8. heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the portion (8) of base comprises at least one conduit (12) for admission allowing the entry of a fluid within the first spaces (6a) closed of the set of spaces (6) intermediate, and a conduit (14) for discharging the output of this fluid out of the heat exchanger (1).

9. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat exchanger (1) comprises at least one additional set (2b) of plates (4) having two end plates (4a) solidarity of the base part (8) and a plurality of plates (4b) juxtaposed between these two end plates (4a) in a curvilinear direction, the sets (2a, 2b) of plates of the heat exchanger (1) forming a closed loop.

10. heat exchanger (1) according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the base portion comprises a portion of a housing (70) on which the end plates (4a) are integrally molded.

11. heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the intermediate plates (4b) comprise ribs (410) which surround the openings (48a) and / or (48b).

12. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein adjacent plates (4) are secured by gluing.

13. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein plates (4) have obstacles (408) projecting to impede the flow of a fluid inside one of spaces (6) intermediate, and the density of these obstacles (408) is greater on the outside than on the inside of the curve formed by the juxtaposition of plates (4).

14. heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the plates (4) and / or the portion (8) of base comprise indexing means for positioning the plates (4) one compared to others.

15. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the heat exchanger (1) comprises forced convection means for circulating at least one fluid through the conduit (10) passage and the open intermediate spaces (6b).

16. Vehicle comprising a heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15.