EP3481929A1 - Fluide utilisé dans le travail des métaux - Google Patents

Fluide utilisé dans le travail des métaux

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Publication number
EP3481929A1
EP3481929A1 EP17735174.9A EP17735174A EP3481929A1 EP 3481929 A1 EP3481929 A1 EP 3481929A1 EP 17735174 A EP17735174 A EP 17735174A EP 3481929 A1 EP3481929 A1 EP 3481929A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
metalworking
surfactant
metalworking fluid
micelle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17735174.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andre HENDRIKSEN
Robert Paul HUDSON
Hendrik PESCHEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Castrol Ltd
Original Assignee
Castrol Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Castrol Ltd filed Critical Castrol Ltd
Publication of EP3481929A1 publication Critical patent/EP3481929A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
    • C10N2050/011—Oil-in-water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
    • C10N2050/013—Water-in-oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metalworking fluid, in particular a metalworking fluid comprising an oleaginous component, an aqueous component and a surfactant.
  • Metalworking fluids find many applications within industry, typically in destructive metalworking (chips of metal are produced, such as in milling or grinding) and in deformation metalworking (chips of metal are not produced, such as in rolling).
  • Each of these metalworking fluids has in common a basic composition of an oleaginous component, an aqueous component and a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component to form an emulsion.
  • Such oleaginous components are typically derived from hydrocarbon sources by, for example, the refining of crude oil or shale oil, or esterification.
  • Including aqueous components into an oleaginous base or vice versa involves the use of emulsifiers to create an emulsion, since such aqueous and oleaginous materials are naturally immiscible.
  • metalworking fluids comprising aqueous emulsions include metalworking fluids and other water-based fluids.
  • Surfactants are typically used to emulsify the aqueous and oleaginous components, with sufficient surfactant included to ensure that the emulsion forms completely. Ideally there should be no residual immiscible components, and the emulsion should be stable, such that the individual components do not separate out during storage or use.
  • metalworking fluids as complete, stable emulsions, without the use of defoamers or additional surfactants.
  • the present invention aims to address this need by providing, in a first aspect a metalworking fluid comprising an emulsion of: an oleaginous component; an aqueous component; and a surfactant; wherein either the oleaginous component or the aqueous component forms micelles with the surfactant, and wherein the metalworking fluid does not contain insoluble defoamers or anti-foam compounds to compensate for foaming.
  • the present invention provides a metalworking fluid comprising: an oleaginous component; an aqueous component; and a surfactant; wherein the metalworking fluid does not contain defoamers or anti-foam compounds and wherein the metalworking fluid exhibits no foaming on mixing or use.
  • the present invention provides a metalworking fluid made using such a method.
  • a metalworking fluid may comprise oleaginous components and aqueous components.
  • Oleaginous components such as mineral oils and base oil stocks, may be emulsified with aqueous components, such as water, as long as there is a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component.
  • aqueous emulsions are used in various applications including lubrication and metalworking, with metalworking being the focus of embodiments of the present invention.
  • These emulsions may be used undiluted or diluted using a diluent such as water.
  • the emulsions may be used as an additive to impart various properties when mixed with a carrier fluid.
  • the carrier fluid may be chosen from lubricating, energy dissipating or energy generating fluids, such that the metalworking fluid becomes an additive to these, with these fluids themselves comprising emulsions.
  • substantially no unbound surfactant is present within the metalworking fluid. This removes the need to use insoluble defoamers and/or anti-foam compounds, to compensate for foaming caused by excess surfactant, such that the metalworking fluid is substantially free of defoamers or anti-foam compounds.
  • the metalworking fluid does not add to any foaming behaviour, and/or may have a tendency to reduce any foaming of the carrier fluid.
  • a micelle is an aggregate of surfactant molecules dispersed in a colloid, where particles of a first material are suspended in a second material, creating a two-phase system. Unlike in a solution, the first material is insoluble or immiscible in the second material so becomes an emulsion.
  • a micelle forms an aggregate with the hydrophobic tails of the surfactant molecules facing inwards and the hydrophilic heads of the surfactant molecules facing outwards. This forms a normal-phase micelle, leading to an oil-in-water phase mixture.
  • An inverse-phase micelle has the inverse structure, where the hydrophilic heads of the surfactant molecules face inwards and the hydrophobic tails face outwards. This leads to a water-in-oil phase mixture.
  • the packing behaviour of the surfactant molecules leads to a single layer of surfactant molecules around the core of the micelle, which, following surface energy considerations, typically forms a sphere.
  • the structure of the surfactant causes the minimum surface energy configuration of a micelle to be laminar or cylindrical.
  • Gemini surfactants sometimes known as dimeric surfactants, have two hydrophobic tails that distort the core of the micelle into an elongated ovoid shape.
  • the surfactant packing fraction reduces back to ⁇ 1/3 for spherical micelles, so any surfactant that had been attracted to the temporary laminar configuration of the molecule forms additional layers of surfactant around the micelle.
  • the surfactant may comprise at least one ionic surfactant, at least one non-ionic surfactant or a mixture thereof.
  • the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant, since using an ionic surfactant may have an effect on the corrosion inhibition behaviour of the metalworking fluid.
  • an ionic surfactant may be beneficial. Therefore whilst the main surfactant component within the surface layers may be a non-ionic surfactant other ionic surfactants may be present within the layer. This offers various advantages in terms of tailoring the surfactant performance.
  • the metalworking fluid embodiments in accordance with the present invention may be used undiluted, diluted or as an additive to carrier fluid.
  • the metalworking fluid can be taken directly from the manufacturing process and used as a neat emulsion.
  • Water is used as a diluent in metalworking fluids.
  • An additive fluid is one that is added into a carrier fluid such as another emulsion with metalworking properties. In this situation the earner fluid will have a certain viscosity, and may also contain anti-foam or defoamer compounds, which may be soluble or insoluble within the emulsion.
  • the metalworking fluid For the metalworking fluid to work well as an additive it is important that it does not make any foaming behaviour worse than in the original emulsion, otherwise additional anti-foam or defoamer compounds will be required to ensure the performance of the carrier fluid and metalworking fluid mix.
  • embodiments of the present invention are very useful since their surfactant content is bound up in the micelles of the oleaginous component in the aqueous component.
  • This dilution step may be carried out more than once, effectively forming a series of fluids with the metalworking fluid diluted further and further to create certain performance behaviour. For example, it may be desirable to take an amount of the metalworking fluid and dilute it using water in order to create a custom metalworking fluid with known surfactant behaviour and viscosity. In this situation, the metalworking fluid may be used to improve viscosity and/or to reduce foaming behaviour.
  • Use of the method of the present invention to create a metalworking fluid also enables materials with high viscosities to be emulsified into a stable emulsion.
  • Using existing techniques it is difficult to emulsify fluids having a viscosity of greater than approximately 100 to 150 cSt at 40°C.
  • Using the method of the present invention it is possible to emulsify fluids having a viscosity of 8,000 to 12,000 cSt at 40°C.
  • the actual limit is dependent upon the temperature of the various components during emulsification, For example, it may be necessary to heat components up to around 90°C to achieve emulsification.
  • Anti-foam or defoaming compounds are those materials whose primary action is to defoam (remove any foam created by the metalworking fluid in use, manufacture or storage) and are available in various forms.
  • a popular class of compounds for use with metalworking fluids are those having a silicon component. These compounds also have in common that they are insoluble in the fluid used to either form the metalworking fluid or to dilute or mix with the metalworking fluid - typically being water insoluble. Therefore although they are useful in reducing the foaming of the metalworking fluid in use, the components themselves can create solubility issues in a final emulsion.
  • the oleaginous component may comprise a single component, a group of components or a fully formulated fluid.
  • the oleaginous component is a material that is oily, oil-based or oil-containing in nature. These oleaginous components may be referred to as lubricating compositions.
  • Lubricating compositions may be a fully formulated lubricant or a blend of components, at least one of which has lubricating properties.
  • a fully formulated lubricant is typically based on a lubricating base oil stock.
  • Many different lubricating base oils are known, including synthetic oils, natural oils or a mixture of both, which may be used in both refined or unrefined states (with or without at least one purification step).
  • Natural oils include mineral oils of paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic natures, based upon the nature of their source.
  • Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils (olefins such as polybutylenes and polypropylenes, for example) and Polyalphaolefins (PAOs).
  • Base oil stock categories have been defined by the American Petroleum Institute (API Publication 1509) providing a set of guidelines for all lubricant base oils. These are shown in Table 1 : Saturates Sulphur Viscosity Index (VI)
  • Group I ⁇ 90 and/or >0.03% and >80 and ⁇ 120
  • Group II >90 and ⁇ 0.03% and >80 and ⁇ 120
  • Group III >90 and ⁇ 0.03% and >120
  • Group IV Includes Polyalphaolefms (PAO) and GTL (gas-to-liquid) products
  • Group II and/or Group III base oils such as hydrocracked and hydroprocessed base oils, as well as synthetic oils such as polyalphaolefms, alkyl aromatics and synthetic esters are wells known base oils.
  • Group III oil base stock tends to be highly paraffmic with saturates higher than 90%, a viscosity index over 125, low aromatic content (less than 3%) and an aniline point of at least 118.
  • Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerised and interpolymerised olefins, such as polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers and ethylene alphaolefm copolymers.
  • PAOs Polyalphaolefms
  • Such PAOs typically have a viscosity index greater than 135.
  • PAOs can be manufactured by catalytic oligomerisation (polymerisation to low molecular weight products) of linear ⁇ -olefin (otherwise known as LAO) monomers.
  • PAOs high viscosity index PAOs
  • HVI-PAOs high viscosity index PAOs
  • PAOs being formed in the presence of a catalyst such as A1C13 or BF 3
  • HVI- PAOs being formed using a Friedel-Crafts catalyst or a reduced chromium catalyst.
  • Esters also form a useful base oil stock, including synthetic esters, as do GTL (gas- to-liquid) materials, particularly those derived from a hydrocarbon source.
  • GTL gas- to-liquid
  • the esters of dibasic acids with monoalcohols, or the polyol esters of monocarboxyilic acid may be useful.
  • Such esters should typically have a viscosity of less than 10,000 cP at - 35°C, in accordance with ASTM D5293.
  • suitable lubricating composition will depend upon the end application for the metalworking fluid. For example, some metalworking applications will be based upon mineral oils and/or ester combinations.
  • Metalworking fluids in accordance with embodiments of the present invention may also be used as additives into synthetic lubricants that carry no emulsified components. This is because the components of a synthetic lubricant product are water soluble, including salts of mixed amine and carboxylic acids and ethylene/propylene oxide block copolymers. Examples of these include Syntilo 9913 and Syntilo 81 BF, available from Castrol Limited.
  • a suitable method of forming a micelle structure for use in metalworking fluids is described in US2013/0201785, concerning an apparatus for mixing oleaginous and aqueous materials under a shear force and laminar flow to create either an oil-in- water or a water-in-oil fluid.
  • the basis of the method is as follows: a first fluid comprising an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a second fluid comprising an oleaginous compound are mixed under a shear force to produce an intermediate fluid.
  • This intermediate fluid is in the form of a colloidal emulsion, and has a greater viscosity than either the first or second fluids, and may be free-flowing or gel-like.
  • This intermediate fluid comprises micelles of either the oleaginous fluid in aqueous emulsion or the aqueous fluid in oleaginous emulsion.
  • Both the first and the second fluids are added to a chamber in which stirrers are used to mix the two fluids together under shear force by rotating at a rotational speed of 1200 to 1600rpm.
  • the shape of the chamber and size of the stirrers are chosen to ensure that a region around the walls of the chamber is devoid of turbulent flow.
  • an aqueous suspension of a surfactant can flow around the chamber in this region, producing a laminar flow.
  • a third fluid to the intermediate fluid under laminar flow, for example, increasing the water content of the aqueous fluid to decrease the viscosity of the resulting metalworking fluid.
  • the distribution of the average diameters of the micelles follows a Gaussian profile, with a mean ⁇ and a standard deviation ⁇ . It is particularly advantageous for the standard deviation ⁇ to be less than or equal to 0.2//. For example, for a mean average micelle diameter of 0.3 ⁇ , the standard deviation of the average micelle diameter is ⁇ . ⁇ or less.
  • the average micelle diameter is an average of various diameter measurements take for a micelle, which in the case of spherical micelles is approximately equal to the micelle diameter (since there is little or no variation of the diameter regardless of where the measurement is taken).
  • the average micelle diameter is ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ .
  • Suitable measurement techniques to determine both the average micelle diameter and the distribution of average micelle diameters include, but are not limited to, optical measurement techniques - for example, laser particle size analysis using a Beckman Coulter Laser Diffraction PS Analyzer (LS 13 320), and flow cytometry techniques.
  • optical measurement techniques for example, laser particle size analysis using a Beckman Coulter Laser Diffraction PS Analyzer (LS 13 320), and flow cytometry techniques.
  • the advantage of having a narrow range of average micelle diameters lies in the ability of the metalworking fluid to cover a surface fully. In a fluid where there is a wide range of average micelle diameters the coverage of the fluid across a surface is variable. This is due to regions of equal surface area having different volumes of fluid on them. However, if the average micelle diameter is in a small range the surface coverage is far more efficient and extensive, since regions of equal surface area will have approximately equal volumes of fluid on them. This leads to more even wear and improved surface/inter
  • substantially all of the surfactant becomes bound within the micelle structure as described above. That is that substantially all of the surfactant molecules form at least one layer over the surface of the core of the micelle, which may be aqueous or oleaginous as desired.
  • There is substantially no unbound surfactant present in the metalworking fluid where unbound surfactant is characterised as free surfactant molecules within the metalworking fluid detectable alone without being part of an oleaginous/aqueous or an aqueous/oleaginous micelle.
  • substantially all of the surfactant being bound within the micelle structure results in the metalworking fluid being nominally free of excess surfactant.
  • the metal working fluid in used, is substantially free from foam, and preferably, in use, the fluid does not foam.
  • the metalworking fluid is substantially free of defoamers or anti-foam compounds, since these are no longer required to compensate for any foaming of an oleaginous/aqueous emulsion.
  • the point at which the metalworking fluid becomes nominally free of excess surfactant can be determined by measuring the surface tension of the emulsion. Once the critical micelle concentration has been reached, and no more surfactant molecules are included in the surface layer(s), the surface tension of the emulsion exhibits a discontinuity. This may be detected by surface tension measurement techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • optical scattering techniques include those in MA James-Smith et al, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 310 (2007) 590-598. Aside from these tests, as well as determining the amount of foam in use of the fluid, a simple agitation test will indicate whether the metalworking fluid will foam or not. Shaking a container in which the fluid is held should create virtually no foam, such that the fluid is substantially free from foam.
  • metalworking fluid is a lubricating fluid, or which a metalworking fluid is an exemplary form. This is considered in more detail below.
  • the present invention provides a method of making a metalworking fluid, using the method described above, and a metalworking fluid made using that process.
  • a metalworking fluid made using that process.
  • the following non-limiting examples are in relation to metalworking fluids.
  • a metalworking fluid is a lubricant used in either a destructive metalworking process (one where chips are produced, such as milling) or a deformation metalworking process (one where a material is deformed or shaped such that no chips are produced, for example such as steel rolling).
  • Metalworking fluids are formulated both for the specific type of metal they are used on (such as steel) and for the process they are used for (such as wore drawing).
  • a typical metalworking fluid composition suitable for a destructive process (milling) is characterised by the illustrative composition:
  • a metalworking fluid in accordance with embodiments of the present invention may comprise all of the above elements except for water, creating an emulsion that requires water in order to be diluted for use, or the metalworking fluid may be created as a final emulsion and used in an undiluted form.
  • Suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, C 16 - Ci 8 fatty alcohol ethoxylates - with an ethoxylation range of 0-9 moles (fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers); Ci 6 -Ci 8 fatty alcohol ethoxylate and propoxylate; C 6 /C8/Ci6-i8 alkyl polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acids with a 2 to 9 mole ethoxylation range; alkyl ether ethoxylate mono phosphate esters - alkyl chain C 18 , with a 2 to 5 mole ethoxylation range; ethoxylated oleine with a 6/9 mole ethoxylation range; and polyethylene glycol esters of C 16 -C 18 fatty acids. Combinations of various surfactants, as mentioned above, may be particularly advantageous.
  • Suitable corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to amine/alkali salts of short chain carboxylic mono acids, di acids and tri acids, short chain acidic phosphate esters, including alkoxylated esters, semi-succinate half esters, amide-carboxylic acid salts, fatty amides, and amine and alkali sulphonates or their derivatives.
  • Yellow metals include benzotriazole or its derivatives and tolutriazole or its derivatives.
  • Suitable esters include, but are not limited to TMP (trimethylol propane) mono, di and tri esters of C 8 - Cl 8 fatty acids, glycol esters of predominantly olely fatty acids, methyl or isopropyl esters of predominantly olely fatty acids or triglycerides, natural triglycerides , such as rapeseed, and modified natural oils such as blown rapeseed. Biocides (typically amine compounds) may also be included if desired.
  • formaldehyde releasing agents including ortho-formal, hexahydratriazine and derivatives, methylene bis morpholene, oxazoladine and derivatives, isothiazolinones and derivatives and iodo propyl butyl carbamate-fungicide.
  • NanoGel CCT comprises caprylic/capri triglyceride, water, glycerine. Laureth-23, sodium dicocoylethlyenediamine PEG- 15 sulfate, sodium lauroyl lactylate, behenyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate and glyceryl stearate citrate.
  • the oleaginous components are comprised within micelles each having three surface layers of surfactant, accounting for substantially all of the surfactant within the emulsion.
  • Sample 1 comprised 10wt% NanoGel CCT and 90wt% water
  • Sample 2 comprised 5wt% NanoGel CCT and 95% water. These were evaluated against a Control Sample 1 comprising 10wt% Alusol 41 BF metalworking lubricant (available from Castrol Limited) and 90wt% water.
  • a tapping torque test under ASTM 5619 - 00 (2011) was carried out to compare Sample 1, Sample 2 and the Control Sample 1. This test determines the amount of torque required to form a thread in a pre-drilled hole in an aluminium alloy (AlZnMgCuO.5). Results were as in Table 2, taking the performance of the Control Sample 1 as a performance index of 100:
  • the above examples involve the use of normal-phase micelles, that is, where the surfactant forms a surface layer where the hydrophilic heads of the surfactant molecules face outwards; forming an oil-in-water mixture (the oleaginous component is in emulsion in the aqueous component).
  • an inverse-phase micelle structure forming a water-in-oil mixture (the aqueous component is in emulsion in the oleaginous component).
  • the viscosity index (VI) of various base oils stocks is given in Table 1 above.
  • the kinematic viscosity of an oil base stock will also have an effect on whether or not the oil can be emulsified to create an aqueous emulsion.
  • oils suitable for use in the metalworking fluids described above will have a kinematic viscosity of less than or equal to 20cst at 40°C.
  • oils may also be used having a higher kinematic viscosity than this, for example, up to lOOcst at 40°C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un fluide utilisé dans le travail des métaux. Le fluide comprend un composant oléagineux, un composant aqueux et un surfactant dispersé dans le composant aqueux. Le fluide utilisé dans le travail des métaux est sensiblement exempt d'agents anti-mousse ou de composés anti-mousse.
EP17735174.9A 2016-07-08 2017-07-07 Fluide utilisé dans le travail des métaux Withdrawn EP3481929A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP16178754 2016-07-08
PCT/EP2017/067140 WO2018007612A1 (fr) 2016-07-08 2017-07-07 Fluide utilisé dans le travail des métaux

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EP3481929A1 true EP3481929A1 (fr) 2019-05-15

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JP (1) JP2019520462A (fr)
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WO (1) WO2018007612A1 (fr)

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US20190241830A1 (en) * 2016-07-08 2019-08-08 Castrol Limited Industrial Fluid

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US20190300817A1 (en) 2019-10-03
WO2018007612A1 (fr) 2018-01-11
CN109642183A (zh) 2019-04-16

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