EP3475609B1 - Verfahren zum verbrennen von brennstoff in einer zylindrischen brennkammer - Google Patents

Verfahren zum verbrennen von brennstoff in einer zylindrischen brennkammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3475609B1
EP3475609B1 EP17732472.0A EP17732472A EP3475609B1 EP 3475609 B1 EP3475609 B1 EP 3475609B1 EP 17732472 A EP17732472 A EP 17732472A EP 3475609 B1 EP3475609 B1 EP 3475609B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
burner
combustion chamber
fuel
jet
oxidising gas
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EP17732472.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3475609A1 (de
Inventor
Ziad Habib
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Lhoist Recherche et Developpement SA
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Lhoist Recherche et Developpement SA
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Application filed by Lhoist Recherche et Developpement SA filed Critical Lhoist Recherche et Developpement SA
Priority to HRP20220707TT priority Critical patent/HRP20220707T1/hr
Priority to SI201731156T priority patent/SI3475609T1/sl
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber having an elongated tubular form, e.g. for a radiant tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F23D91/02—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations

Definitions

  • furnaces In the field of the calcination of mineral rocks, in particular limestone and dolomitic rocks, various types of furnaces are used, in particular rotary furnaces, shaft furnaces, and in particular annular straight furnaces.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a burner not in accordance with the invention is represented schematically according to an axial section on the picture 3a and in perspective on the figure 4a .
  • the burner comprises a fuel conduit 120 surrounded by a cylindrical sleeve 121 comprising a flared portion 127 towards the end of the nose of the burner and comprising a plurality of holes 128.
  • the cylindrical sleeve 121 forms with the conduit 120 an annular space through which passes a combustible gas 126.
  • the sleeve 121 and the conduit 120 are included in an outer casing 122 (shown on the picture 3a , not shown on the figure 4a ) so that the nose of the conduit 120 protrudes from the flared portion 127 of the sleeve 121 and from the nose of the outer casing 122, that the flared portion 127 of the sleeve is recessed with respect to the nose of the outer casing 122.
  • Axial primary air 105 can circulate between a space formed by the outer casing 122 and the sleeve 121, as well as by the plurality of holes 128 on the flared part of the sleeve.
  • annular straight furnaces are small and short. They are sized for natural gas which burns instantaneously according to the “as soon as mixed, as soon as burned” law of homogeneous combustion (gas-gas combustion). In these chambers, too, the air required for combustion arrives premixed with recirculated flue gases, which have a reduced oxygen concentration.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks and therefore to propose a combustion method applicable in the combustion chambers of furnaces, in particular of existing furnaces, which is effective with a consumption of only pulverulent solid fuel.
  • a combustion process has been provided as indicated at the beginning, in which the jet of solid fuel has an axial component of projection in the same direction as said direction of propagation of the combustion gas in the cylindrical combustion chamber and wherein the ratio of the specific momentum rate of the burner to the specific momentum rate of the combustion gas is equal to or less than 1.0 and greater than zero.
  • the specific momentum rate is the measure of the force of a jet (eg burner jet or oxidant current) divided by the burner power.
  • the basic principle in the design of burners is that a burner must have a significant and sufficient momentum flow rate (injection speed x mass flow rate) for the central fuel jet to be able to draw in the oxidizer arriving at its periphery, thereby forcing the fuel/oxidant mixture, which accelerates combustion.
  • the aerodynamics of a flame of traditional design is therefore determined by the burner itself (see figure 1 ).
  • the process according to the present invention is based on an aerodynamics which is determined by the oxidant arriving in the combustion chamber.
  • the oxidizer here forces the fuel to enter its current by adapting the momentum rate of the burner to that of the oxidizer (see figure 2 ). It is therefore no longer the jet of fuel which is the driving force, it is the fuel which is driven by the oxidizer. This results in an increased residence time of the fuel, with the effect of making it possible to use a fuel only in a solid pulverulent form and to obtain total combustion of this fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • this momentum flow rate of the burner it is possible, for example, to increase the fuel injection section in the nose of the burner, which has the immediate effect of reducing the fuel injection speed while maintaining unchanged the flow rates of fuel and oxidizer and the speed of the oxidizer and this has no influence on the operation of the furnace itself.
  • This is a minor and easy modification to the burner nose, with immediate effect on the claimed ratio between specific momentum rates being adapted to become equal to or less than 1.0.
  • this ratio will be between 0.5 and 0.9.
  • the cylindrical combustion chamber has first and second axial ends and the jet of pulverulent solid fuel is projected by the burner from the first axial end of the combustion chamber towards the second axial end.
  • the burner is arranged in a peephole provided in the front wall of the first end of the combustion chamber. The jet of solid fuel can thus come into contact with the oxidizer over the entire length of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion gas is mainly a flue gas recirculated, for example from the calcining furnace.
  • This flue gas can be enriched with oxygen, for example by supplying air.
  • the combustion gas is fed tangentially into the combustion chamber at said first end thereof, so as to form a helical current of combustion gas around the jet of fuel projected by the burner.
  • This favors the fuel-oxidizer mixture.
  • provision can also be made for the combustion gas to be fed into the combustion chamber at said first end of the latter, parallel to its axis and around the jet of fuel projected by the burner.
  • the propagation of the combustion gas must in any case follow a direction of propagation towards the downstream end of the combustion chamber.
  • the method according to the invention is intended to be preferably implemented in a lower combustion chamber of a straight annular kiln for calcining limestone or dolomitic rock.
  • the present invention also relates to such a combustion chamber comprising, at a first axial end, a burner arranged to project a jet of pulverulent solid fuel into this chamber, and optionally an axial primary air flow, and a supply inlet for an oxidizing gas arranged so as to form a current of oxidizing gas in a direction of propagation around the jet of fuel projected by the burner, the burner being arranged to project the solid fuel in an axial component of projection having the same direction as the direction propagation of the current of oxidizing gas in the cylindrical combustion chamber, so as to allow the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • It also relates to a straight annular kiln for calcining limestone or dolomitic rock, comprising at least one such combustion chamber as well as a straight annular kiln for calcining limestone or dolomitic rock, implementing a process according to the invention.
  • the specific momentum flow rate of the burner (transport air + coal) is much higher than that of the oxidizer.
  • this combustion chamber 1 is illustrated schematically.
  • the fuel is projected by the burner 2 at a very high injection speed 3 and the injection cone 4 formed by the fuel projected out of the nose of the burner has a very tapered shape. Thanks to this high injection speed, the oxidizer 5, fed around the jet of fuel, is sucked into it.
  • a conventional annular straight furnace for calcining limestone or dolomitic rock comprises an outer cylinder 6 and an inner cylinder 7 forming an annular space 8 into which the material to be fired descends.
  • the raw material is introduced from the top of the furnace at 9 and the cooked product is discharged from the bottom at 10.
  • the fuel is injected at two levels, through several upper 11 and lower 12 combustion chambers (from 4 to 6 chambers depending on oven capacity). In general, 1/3 of the fuel is injected into chambers 11 and 2/3 into chambers 12. All of the fumes from the upper chambers 11 and part of the fumes from the lower chambers 12 are drawn upwards by a ventilation fan. draw 13, therefore against the current of the movement of the material load.
  • this oxidizing gas 31 arrives at each of the chambers 12 tangentially to the axis of the chamber and therefore to the jet of the burner 18 injected axially. As a result, the combustion gas 31 acquires a rotational movement which induces a centrifugal force pushing the combustion gas 31 towards the walls of the cylindrical combustion chamber.
  • the figure 3b shows an axial section of a burner embodiment according to the invention.
  • the burner comprises a sleeve 21 comprising a central duct 20 through which the pulverulent solid fuel is fed.
  • the sleeve 21 further comprises at least one additional conduit 23 through which combustible gas 26 can be supplied when the oven is switched on, and only then.
  • An outer casing 22 envelops sleeve 21 and forms with it a space through which axial primary air 5 can be supplied to aid combustion.
  • the outer casing 22 comprises a portion 19 whose internal diameter progressively reduces towards the nose of the burner, and the sleeve comprises a portion 27 whose external diameter gradually increases towards the nose of the burner so as to reduce the space between the nose of the outer casing 22 and the nose of the sleeve 21.
  • This reduction in space between the outer casing 22 and the sleeve makes it possible to increase the injection speed of the axial primary air 5 into the combustion chamber without having to provide a high flow of axial primary air.
  • the nose of the outer casing 22, the nose of the sleeve 21, the nose of the central conduit 20 and the nose of said at least one additional conduit 23 pass through a plane orthogonal to the axis 30 of the burner.
  • the figure 4b shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the burner according to the invention.
  • the sleeve 21 comprises a central duct 20 through which the pulverulent solid fuel is fed.
  • the sleeve 21 further comprises an additional duct 23 forming a thin annular space, through which combustible gas 26 can be supplied at the moment of ignition of the furnace, and only at that moment.
  • An outer casing 22 (not shown in the figure 4b ) envelops sleeve 21 and forms a space through which axial primary air 5 can be supplied to aid combustion.
  • the figure 4c shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the burner according to the invention.
  • the sleeve 21 comprises a central duct 20 through which the pulverulent solid fuel is fed.
  • the sleeve 21 further comprises a plurality of additional ducts 23 distributed around the central duct 20, these additional ducts 23 through which combustible gas 26 can be supplied when the oven is switched on, and only at this time.
  • An outer casing 22 (not shown in the figure 4c ) envelops sleeve 21 and forms a space through which axial primary air 5 can be supplied to aid combustion.
  • a reduction in the space between the sleeve 21 and the outer casing 22 can be achieved only by reducing the internal diameter of the casing 22 at the level of the nose of the burner and keeping the external diameter of the sleeve 21 constant, or alternatively by increasing the external diameter of the sleeve 21 at the level of the nose of the burner while keeping the internal diameter of the casing 22 constant.
  • This reduction in space between the sleeve 21 and the casing makes it possible to provide a higher primary air injection speed at the outlet of the burner.
  • the internal diameter of the envelope 22, the external diameter of the sleeve 21 and the space between the sleeve 21 and the external envelope remain constant.
  • the axial primary air flow or the volume of the sleeve 21 or the volume of the interior of the casing 22 are adapted to allow the axial primary air to exit at a predefined speed at the nose of the burner.
  • the figure 5 shows a diagram of an annular furnace and includes a representation of one embodiment of a cylindrical combustion chamber 12 according to the invention.
  • the combustion chamber comprises an inlet forming the casing 22 of the burner 18 and the axis 30 of the burner is preferably located in the axis 30' of the cylindrical combustion chamber 12.
  • the combustion chamber 12 further comprises an oxidizing gas inlet 31 located tangentially with respect to the axis 30, 30' of the burner and of the cylindrical combustion chamber, as described above.
  • the combustion gases are then evacuated from the combustion chamber through a conduit.
  • the injection speed of the fuel transported by air is obtained by passing through the pipe 20 which has a section of 0.001 m 2 .
  • the "force" of the burner i.e. its specific flow rate of momentum (axial primary air + transport air + coal) is still slightly greater than that of the oxidizer, but it is insufficient to suck the oxidizer into the fuel. It is not to be compared with that of the rotary kiln described above. And we therefore observe an unsatisfactory combustion with a furnace having the disadvantages described above.
  • This arrangement allows a residence time of the particles increased drastically in the combustion chamber and therefore the oxygen is better available and the combustion is complete inside the combustion chamber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff in einer zylindrischen Brennkammer (1), dieses umfasst in dieser Brennkammer,
    - eine Projektion, aus einem Brenner (2), für einen Pulverstrahl eines Festbrennstoffs (3), der durch eine Transportluft fortbewegt wird, und gegebenenfalls eines Primärluftstroms, und
    - eine Versorgung eines oxidierenden Gases (5) entlang einer Ausbreitungsrichtung, sodass eine Strömung aus oxidierendem Gas um den von dem Brenner ausgeworfenen Brennstoffstrahl herum gebildet wird, bei einer Temperatur, die eine Verbrennung des Brennstoffs verursacht,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strahl des Festbrennstoffs eine axiale Projektionskomponente in derselben Richtung wie die Ausbreitungsrichtung des oxidierenden Gases in der zylindrischen Brennkammer aufweist, und dadurch, dass das Verhältnis zwischen der spezifischen Impulsrate des Brenners und der spezifischen Impulsrate des oxidierenden Gases gleich oder kleiner als 1,0 und größer als null ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis zwischen der spezifischen Impulsrate des Brenners und der spezifischen Impulsrate des oxidierenden Gases zwischen 0,25 und 0,9 liegt.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zylindrische Brennkammer ein erstes und ein zweites axiales Ende aufweist und dadurch, dass der Strahl des pulverförmigen Festbrennstoffs durch den Brenner vom ersten axialen Ende der Brennkammer zum zweiten axialen Ende ausgeworfen wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oxidierende Gas tangential in die Brennkammer an deren erstem Ende zugeführt wird, sodass eine spiralförmige Strömung aus oxidierendem Gas um den vom Brenner ausgeworfenen Brennstoffstrahl gebildet wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oxidierende Gas in die Brennkammer an deren erstem Ende, parallel zu ihrer Achse und um den vom Brenner ausgeworfenen Brennstoffstrahl zugeführt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine teilweise oder vollständige Drehung des von Transportluft getragenen Brennstoffstrahls umfasst.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine teilweise oder vollständige Drehung des Primärluftstroms umfasst.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oxidierende Gas ein rezirkuliertes Rauchgas ist.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer eine der unteren Brennkammern eines Ringschachtofens für die Kalzinierung von Mineralgestein ist.
  10. Eine zylindrische Brennkammer (1), umfassend, an dem ersten axialen Ende, einen Brenner (2), der eingerichtet ist, um einen pulverförmigen Festbrennstoff (3) in diese Kammer auszuwerfen, und einen Einlass für ein oxidierendes Gas (5), der so angeordnet ist, dass eine Strömung aus oxidierendem Gas entlang einer Ausbreitungsrichtung um den vom Brenner ausgeworfenen Brennstoffstrahl gebildet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brenner so angeordnet ist, das er den Festbrennstoff entlang einer axialen Projektionskomponente auswirft, die die gleiche Richtung hat, wie die Ausbreitungsrichtung des Gases in der zylindrischen Brennkammer, wobei diese Kammer eingerichtet und dimensioniert ist, um das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 umzusetzen.
  11. Ringschachtofen zur Kalzination von Mineralgestein, umfassend mindestens eine Brennkammer nach Anspruch 10.
  12. Durchführen eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 in einem Ringschachtofen zur Kalzination von Mineralgestein
EP17732472.0A 2016-06-28 2017-06-28 Verfahren zum verbrennen von brennstoff in einer zylindrischen brennkammer Active EP3475609B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HRP20220707TT HRP20220707T1 (hr) 2016-06-28 2017-06-28 Postupak za izgaranje goriva u cilindričnoj komori za izgaranje
SI201731156T SI3475609T1 (sl) 2016-06-28 2017-06-28 Postopek za zgorevanje goriva v cilindrični zgorevalni komori

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE20165489A BE1023896B1 (fr) 2016-06-28 2016-06-28 Procede de combustion de combustible dans une chambre de combustion tubulaire
PCT/EP2017/066018 WO2018002151A1 (fr) 2016-06-28 2017-06-28 Procédé de combustion de combustible dans une chambre de combustion cylindrique

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EP3475609A1 EP3475609A1 (de) 2019-05-01
EP3475609B1 true EP3475609B1 (de) 2022-03-09

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EP (1) EP3475609B1 (de)
BE (2) BE1023896B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2915900T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3053102B1 (de)
HR (1) HRP20220707T1 (de)
PL (1) PL3475609T3 (de)
SI (1) SI3475609T1 (de)
WO (1) WO2018002151A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3805640A1 (de) 2019-10-09 2021-04-14 S.A. Lhoist Recherche Et Developpement Brennkammer für einen ringförmigen vertikalen schachtofen und verfahren zur verbrennung in einer solchen brennkammer
BE1028191B9 (fr) 2020-04-07 2021-11-30 Lhoist Rech Et Developpement Sa Procédé de calcination de chaux ou dolomie et four droit annulaire mis en œuvre

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4102610A1 (de) 1991-01-25 1992-07-30 Ver Kraftwerks Ag Peitz Nieder Kohlenstaub-drallbrenner
EP1033532A1 (de) 1999-03-03 2000-09-06 Hitachi, Ltd. Feinkohlenstaubbrenner und Feinkohlenstaubverbrennungsvorrichtung
WO2010004009A2 (de) 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Rheinkalk Gmbh Brennereinheit und brenneranordnung für staubförmigen festbrennstoff

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10232373B4 (de) * 2002-07-17 2009-04-02 Schoppe, Fritz, Dr.-Ing. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Flammstabilität bei Kohlenstaubfeuerungen und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens
DE112004000319T5 (de) * 2003-02-24 2006-02-02 Posco, Pohang City Brennervorrichtung zum Injizieren von pulverförmiger Kohle in drehbaren Brennöfen und zugehöriges Verfahren und zugehörige Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von CaO

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4102610A1 (de) 1991-01-25 1992-07-30 Ver Kraftwerks Ag Peitz Nieder Kohlenstaub-drallbrenner
EP1033532A1 (de) 1999-03-03 2000-09-06 Hitachi, Ltd. Feinkohlenstaubbrenner und Feinkohlenstaubverbrennungsvorrichtung
WO2010004009A2 (de) 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Rheinkalk Gmbh Brennereinheit und brenneranordnung für staubförmigen festbrennstoff

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Title
ABBAS; COSTEN T; LOCKWOOD P G; F C: "Solid Fuel Utilzation: From Coal to Biomass", TWENTY-SIXTH SYMPOSIUM (INTERNATIONAL) ON COMBUSTION/THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE, vol. 26, no. 2, 1996, pages 3041 - 3058, XP022031905
M.A. HASSAN ET AL.: "Influence of Different Firing Parameters on the Performance of a Pulverized Coal Furnace", SEVENTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL PITTSBURGH COAL CONFERENCE, 1990, pages 960 - 968, XP093011246
T. LOCKWOOD: "Developments in oxyfuel combustion of coal", IES CLEAN COAL CENTRE, 2014, pages 1 - 122, XP093011252
T. MATERN ET AL.: "Optimization of a Pulverized Brown Coal Burner", COMBUST. SCI. AND TECH., vol. 121, 1996, pages 255 - 269, XP093011245

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3053102A1 (fr) 2017-12-29
WO2018002151A1 (fr) 2018-01-04
BE1024784A1 (fr) 2018-06-27
BE1024784B9 (fr) 2018-07-30
BE1024784B1 (fr) 2018-07-02
FR3053102B1 (fr) 2021-10-15
BE1023896B1 (fr) 2017-09-06
BE1024784A9 (fr) 2018-07-24
HRP20220707T1 (hr) 2022-07-22
EP3475609A1 (de) 2019-05-01
PL3475609T3 (pl) 2022-07-18
SI3475609T1 (sl) 2022-08-31
ES2915900T3 (es) 2022-06-27

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