EP3470598A1 - Facade fixing system and method for fitting same - Google Patents

Abstract

A retaining element (10) for a facade fastening system comprises a base holder (12) with at least one fastening position (14) for attachment to a structurally stable outer surface (16) of a building, a connecting element (30) which has a fixed connection to a facade element (50). allowed and an adjusting element (20) which is arranged between the base holder (12) and the connecting element (30) and a power transmission and a distance regulation between the connecting element (30) and base holder (12) allowed. The connecting element (30) consists in the core of a metal retaining plate with a hot melt adhesive layer. The mounting of such a holding element takes place in that holding elements (10) are fastened in a grid on a structurally sustainable building surface (16), so that the holding plates with their hot-melt adhesive layer are oriented away from the building surface; the position of the retaining plate is brought by adjustment of the adjusting element (20) in a mounting position and then a facade element (50) is brought in a desired position in contact with the hot-melt adhesive layer of several retaining plate. Subsequently, the hotmelt adhesive layer is melted by an induction heater and fixed the splice by means of a holding magnet until a firm connection between the holding plate and facade element (50).

Description

The present invention is concerned with a system for facade mounting, more precisely: a curtain, ventilated facade system, which is compared to the prior art significantly simplified and allows a more favorable as well as more flexible installation. Furthermore, a mounting system is described, which allows a quick and easy attachment of facade elements and its use or method of assembly.

BACKGROUND

Today, the building shell is understood as the totality of all components that close a building to the outside. In modern residential and commercial buildings, a building envelope therefore has to fulfill a multitude of functions; as a barrier against weather influences, as thermal as well as acoustic insulation and not least as a design element that gives a building its recognition value. Under a curtain facade is meant a building envelope, which is not like a plaster layer or paint applied directly to the wall, but is fixed at a distance.

STATE OF THE ART

In the prior art, a variety of facade variants are known. In general, a curtain wall requires a substructure that specifies the distance between the actual wall (or the load-bearing building structure) and a façade element. For this purpose, it is known to use for load dissipation punctiform recordings, as well as horizontal or vertical profile rail systems on which the facade elements mounted (ie mounted, screwed, snapped, glued, riveted) can be.

Such rail profiles must be installed in the planned distance in front of the wall and then attached to the facade elements. The method of attachment is determined by the weight, size and material of the facade elements. The rail profiles must be mounted on girders that divert the load from the suspended elements to the static load-bearing walls. This requires a considerable effort in the assembly of the substructure.

In general, façade elements in all three dimensions should be adjustable during installation, horizontally (x-direction), vertically (y-direction) and in z-direction (distance to the building). Alternatively, the substructure can be aligned so that a flush mounting of the facade elements on the substructure predetermines or allows the intended facade surface.

Another requirement is often that the curtain wall "invisible" is attached, so that the mechanical connection points between the facade elements and substructure do not appear in appearance. A solution to this problem must not require any compromise in terms of assembly effort and safety.

The invention therefore has the task of describing a facade system that works with as few components as possible, easy to assemble and adjust and can be attached invisibly. This is solved by the features of independent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for mounting a facade system and a use of holding elements in a facade system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Under "facade elements" are understood in the following components that are to be attached as part of a building envelope to a substructure. These façade elements are usually large, flat and have a square or rectangular basic shape. They are often made of fiber cement, plastics, natural stone or composite materials. They are used for the protection, insulation, shuttering and / or decoration of the building envelope.

"Holding elements" is understood to mean mechanical components which can produce a load-bearing connection between a component to be held (for example, facade element) and a receiving surface (structurally viable building surface). The holding elements as a whole thus form the substructure. The holding elements according to the present invention are designed so that they can be invisible after installation of the building envelope, so are hidden for a viewer after completion of the building envelope by the facade elements to be held.

A holding element according to the present invention comprises several basic components; At least one base holder 12, an adjusting element 20 and a connecting element or retaining plate 30 are advantageously provided a compensating element 40 which allows a certain angular play of the mounted facade element in the assembled state, e.g. to compensate for temperature fluctuations, wind loads and mounting tolerances resiliently.

This holding element 10 is designed for use in a facade fastening system and consists in one of its embodiments of a base plate 13 and a shaft 15 which is preferably arranged perpendicular to the base plate 13. He can also stiffening elements like reinforcing rib (s) 17, which help to divert forces from the shaft 15 to the base plate 13. Their dimensioning and position will be interpreted by a specialist depending on the requirement.

The base holder 12 has at least one attachment position 14 for attachment to a structurally viable outer surface 16 (building surface) of a building, preferably on the bottom plate 13 of the base holder. With attachment position this means any attachment option that ensures a statically resilient, non-positive connection with the outer surface of a building in the assembled state. An attachment position may be a bore in the base holder through which a dowel / screw connection is made to the building. Alternatively, it can be a plug / clamp / clamp connection, with which the basic holder is attached, for example, to a steel element of the building. It would also be conceivable for a base holder to be glued to an outer surface or to be concreted in with its base plate 13. With outer surface or building surface 16 is not the visible achieved by the cladding after assembly, visible appearance meant, but that "raw" outer surface on which the substructure is mounted.
Furthermore, the holding element has an adjusting element 20, which is arranged between the base holder 12 and the connecting element 30 and allows a power transmission and a distance regulation between connecting element 30 and base holder 12. In one embodiment, the adjusting element 20 may be formed as a rod with a threaded portion (threaded rod) which can be screwed into a mating thread in the shaft 15 of the base holder 12. If the base holder 12 is manufactured as an injection-molded element made of high-strength plastic, the mating thread (plus the fastening position) can be co-molded.

Of course, it is also conceivable to manufacture the base plate 13 from metal and to design the shaft 15 as a threaded rod, which is caulked or welded to the base plate. The adjusting element could then be designed as a sleeve with internal thread, which is screwed onto the shaft thread. In principle, it would also be conceivable to dispense with the thread / nut principle and to use a smooth rod or a tube in a sleeve. However, this would mean that a permanently secure jamming must be provided and the adjustment, which can be done simply and safely with a thread, additionally difficult. Since in the present invention per facade element at least two holding elements are provided (preferably at least 3, with larger elements also 4 to 9), it is excluded in the threaded solution that by wind loads the adjusting element is actuated unintentionally. A backup of the adjustment of the retaining element is unnecessary.

The retaining element of the present invention must and can therefore be adjusted only one dimension, namely the z-direction, which defines the distance between the outer surface 16 and the retaining plate 30. The arrangement in the x and y direction, ie the (laying) grid on the outer surface 16, is essentially determined by the size and weight of a facade element 50. The loads of heavy elements are derived with more holding elements 10 per unit area outer surface 16. Likewise, e.g. At particularly wind-exposed areas additional security reserves are created by a higher density of retaining elements without the substructure itself having to be designed differently. Likewise, these holding elements are laying tolerant, in other words, an offset of an element, for example, by a few centimeters vertically or horizontally is possible, for. Holders, cable ducts or similar on the building exterior surface 16 mounted components evade. Furthermore, the individual holding elements 10 have the advantage that they can be set sequentially by a fitter as a whole and not as e.g. Profile rails of teams.

A development of the invention described below can be used in particular if a large projection must be achieved; In other words, if the distance between the building surface 16 and target position of the holding plate 30 is very large. Then, according to the invention, a strut 18 can be provided which additionally connects the adjusting element 20 to the building surface 16. The strut thus has the function of an oblique load dissipation. A strut can be designed as a suitably angular flat iron having a through hole or aperture at each end. For example, one end may be mounted between the retaining plate 30 and the adjusting element 20, and the other end is bolted to the building surface. The strut 18 can basically be designed as a tension strut or as a compression strut and thus cause a load transfer to train or pressure. The technical design will be made by a person skilled in the art according to his expertise. Under strut should also be understood a solution with a guy rope, which may also include means for adjusting the length beyond.
The holding element 10 furthermore has a connecting element 30 (holding plate), which allows a fixed connection to a facade element 50. The holding plate 30 thus represents the interface between the holding element 10 and the facade element 50. The core element of the invention lies in the connection between the facade element 50 and the metallic holding plate 30, which comprises a hot-melt adhesive layer for this purpose. With hotmelt adhesive layer is meant in the broadest sense of any thermally activated compound such as thermoplastics or hot melt adhesives. It is particularly advantageous that they can be applied in the correct quantity and thickness in the manufacture of the retaining element 10 from the factory. Storage of adhesives, errors during storage or processing on site are hereby omitted. As will be shown below, this passive safety is easy to produce even during further assembly.

In a further embodiment, an elastic compensation element 40 can be arranged between the adjusting element 20 and the connecting element 30. The compensating element can be a simple ball joint with limited angular clearance or, more preferably, a tilting capability between retaining plate 30 and the adjusting element 20 made possible by an elastic ring. For this purpose, the retaining plate 20 can be replaced by a screw, a bolt or rivet together with an elastic O-ring. Ring are mounted on the adjusting element 20. The O-ring allows the holding plate a game by a few degrees tilt angle. This play ensures that the bond is relieved during assembly or under wind load.

In addition, a method for assembling a facade fastening system will be described, which uses a holding element of the type described above.

A first step (a) consists of providing such retaining elements as well as facade elements. Fixing and auxiliary material or tools, as known in the art, are implied.

In a further assembly step (b), a plurality of retaining elements 10 are fastened to a structurally stable building surface. This surface may be a concrete, wood or steel surface of the building, wherein area does not necessarily mean a flat, flat area, but in at least one area sufficient to statically secure a base plate safely. It is advantageous if a laying plan exists that prescribes the desired position of the individual holding elements. This will take into account building regulations, the wishes of the client as well as the size and weight of the façade elements. As a rule, the laying plan will specify a publisher grid. The attachment of the holding elements via the attachment position 14, which, as described above, can be varied. In one of the best-known variants, the holding element 10 can be fastened to a concrete wall by means of a screw-dowel combination. In a continuing connection and specific tools can be used, which fix the holding element during the setting process, thus relieving the operator.

Since the x- or y-positioning is determined by the mounting position on the building, remains as the only setting step yet (c) the adjustment of the adjusting elements (in the z-direction) such that the retaining plates occupy a desired position. In this case, the control of the actual position can be done manually by applying a spirit level or with the aid of lasers or gauges. The adjustment is preferably carried out by turning on or turning a threaded rod. After the attachment of the facade element itself takes place later, a "twisting" of the holding plate 30 is irrelevant, especially since it is preferably carried out rotationally symmetrical.

As mentioned above, a certain number of retaining elements per facade element is provided. This depends on how big and heavy the facade elements are, how high the permissible load of a holding element is or how large the required span of a holding element. If the holding elements are applied and adjusted, a facade element can be applied to the holding plates in assembly step (d). By applying is meant that the facade elements brought into mechanical contact, but not yet fixed.

In step (e), the facade element is aligned, i. easiest by relative alignment to adjacent elements or a stop, limit or the like. The easiest way to achieve this is by means of distance gauges, which are pushed or clamped onto already mounted elements and on which the facade element now to be mounted is aligned. Thereafter, the facade elements are temporarily retained, e.g. with magnets, which are placed on the positions on the facade element, behind which the holding plate 30 are located. In reverse order, the facade element may also be e.g. be temporarily held by magnets and the exact alignment then done.

If, as already mentioned above, the protrusion of a retaining element 10 would be too high, an additional, non-positive connection between the building surface 16 and the connecting element 20 can be produced via a strut 18 in a further assembly step. This can be designed as a tension strut or as a strut.

A key element of the invention is the bonding of the facade element with the retaining plate of the retaining element. This is done according to the invention by means of an induction heater, which is placed on the facade element (step (f)) and inductively heated by the element through the holding plate, which in turn the hot-melt adhesive layer for Melting brings (step (g)). The alignment of the inductor on the position of the holding plate must be relatively precise, so that the bonding surface is as large as possible. This can be ensured, for example, by means of corresponding metal detectors in the inductor, which indicate when the induction head has the required relative position. This can be signaled to the operator, for example by means of luminous markings on the edge (red / green), whereby it is also possible to indicate in which direction the induction head has to be moved. Also, the heater can be designed so that only with sufficiently accurate positioning, the induction heater can be turned on. In a further preferred embodiment, the induction heating can be controlled so that the duty cycle of the induction heating is predetermined and fits optimally to the hot-melt adhesive and the nature of the facade element. Thus, independently of the operator, it can be determined that the adhesive is not melted too long or too short, both of which could affect the quality of the connection.

A tremendous advantage of the above-described hotmelt bonding over adhesions applied on-site or e.g. protective surfaces covered by protective films is the insensitivity to the processing temperature or the dew point. Since the induction unit self-regulates the gluing temperature at exactly the right time regardless of the ambient temperature, fluctuations in the ambient temperature are much less critical. Even a certain residual moisture can evaporate during heating and does not affect the result.

Since the adhesive layer should be loaded to achieve their optimum bonding quality, again magnets can be used. After the heating process is completed, a magnet in the size of the holding plate is placed on the fresh splice. The heat dissipation via the holding element 10, the facade element (depending on the material) and also on the magnet, which can take over the function of a cooling element. This step (h) is important in the case of hotmelt adhesives for the quality of the adhesive bond.

It should be noted that ideally the magnets described can be used for both the temporary attachment of the facade element as well as the holding / cooling process, which reduces the number of necessary assembly tools.

Depending on the size of the facade element, an operator alone can temporarily fix the facade element, then each remove a holding magnet, perform the induction melting process and start the magnet again. The other magnets mark the coarse position of the other holding plates and the centering attraction forces When attaching the magnet, an operator will also be able to indirectly detect the position of the retaining plate, even if he can not see it directly.

Alternatively, an installer may also be responsible for setting the facade elements and the magnets, while a second performs only the melting process. After the cooling time, the magnets can be removed and used for other fastener inserts.

By the method according to the invention after the attachment of the holding element to the building surface no operation such as cutting, screwing or grinding is more necessary, the chips, dusts or sparks could produce or consumables needed. This can be particularly important if, after setting the retaining elements insulation layers are attached, which could be contaminated or damaged by such processing steps.

A further advantage of the method according to the invention or of the façade system according to the invention is that the holding elements in the basic version (without strut) project only selectively and slenderly on the building surface. The accessibility of the static building surface is not affected by the longitudinal and transverse beams of a substructure. This may in particular play a role when insulation or other functional layers or elements are to be mounted after the attachment of the holding elements or must. According to the invention, therefore, it is ensured in this embodiment that the holding elements are each connected to the static load-bearing building surface only via the base holder and formulated exclusively with the facade elements via the holding plate or otherwise, between the holding elements no additional necessary fasteners or profiles must be used. This also results in the advantage that individual holding elements can certainly be displaced in the x or y direction. With invisible attachment, such local adjustments are readily possible within the framework of the static specifications. If façade elements as in the prior art, however, be screwed or riveted, exact positions of the support elements / substructure are mandatory. Another advantage of these non-connected holding elements comes in case of fire to fruition. Due to the decoupling of the individual elements, no heat conduction takes place in a metallic substructure and thus also no static stress on the facade in unaffected areas.

The bonding method according to the invention moreover has the advantage that individual façade elements can be removed without destruction by renewed heating of the adhesive layer.

In summary, the use of a holding element as described above in a facade fastening system can also be referred to as a sequence of process steps, wherein the base holder 12 of the holding elements 10 are fixed in a grid on a structurally sustainable building surface 16, so that the holding plate with its hot melt adhesive layer of the Building surface are oriented away to the outside; the position of the retaining plate is brought by adjustment of the adjusting element 20 in a mounting position and then a facade element 50 is brought into a desired position in contact with the hot-melt adhesive layer of several retaining plate. Subsequently, the hotmelt adhesive layer is melted by an induction heater and fixed the splice by means of a holding magnet until a firm connection between the holding plate and facade element 50.

The features of the invention may be essential individually or in combination and technically combined with each other, even if they are not described here in all individual combination options.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

• Figur 1 - Seitenansicht
• Figur 2 ist eine Draufsicht von oben
• Die Figuren 3 und 4 sind 3D - Schrägansichten unter verschiedenen Blickwinkeln
• Figur 5 zeigt einen axialen Längsschnitt.
• Figur 6 zeigt eine Seitenansicht mit zusätzlicher Zugstrebe
• Figur 7 zeigt eine 3D-Schrägansicht

The figures show a holding element 10 in different views:

• FIG. 1 - side view
• FIG. 2 is a top view from above
• The FIGS. 3 and 4 3D perspective views from different angles
• FIG. 5 shows an axial longitudinal section.
• FIG. 6 shows a side view with additional tension strut
• FIG. 7 shows a 3D perspective view

FIG. 1 (Side view) and FIG. 5 (Longitudinal section) show a holding element 10 with its basic components basic holder 12, adjusting element 20 and connecting element 30. Connecting element 30 is also in FIG. 2 recognizable in plan view, where it is shown as a round retaining plate 30. Rotationally symmetric designs are preferred, but not required.
The base holder 12 in turn can be subdivided into a base plate 13 and a shaft 15 which is usually perpendicular to the base plate. The base plate 13 also has a mounting position 14, over which the base holder 12 on a building surface 16 can be attached. Detail 17 shows a reinforcing rib 17 which, as in FIG FIG. 5 shown, forces from the facade element 50 on the outer surface 16 of the building helps to derive.

The adjusting element 20 is in the sectional drawing FIG. 1 recognizable as a threaded rod which is inserted into a mating thread of the base holder 12. By turning the holding plate 30 can be adjusted in the z direction, FIG. 5 shows the holding plate 30 and 30 'in 2 positions. The compensation element 40 is in FIG. 1 seen in the preferred embodiment as an O-ring, which is arranged as a damping ring between retaining plate 30 and adjusting 20 and provides the described angle elasticity.

FIG. 2 shows an axial plan view of a retaining element 10 with the retaining plate 30. Visible is the overhanging base plate 13 of the base 12. The design of the base plate is made as needed as a square, rectangular, round or possibly triangular design.

The FIGS. 3 and 4 show oblique views of a holding element 10 from two different perspectives. The reference numbers and details are as previously described. Attached to FIG. 3 is a coordinate system for the x / y / z orientations used in the description.

In FIG. 6 the holding element is shown as a variant 11 with a strut 18. FIG. 6 in this case includes the design as a tension strut, the end of which is mounted on the building surface 16 higher lying. A version as a compression strut would cause a downward force. FIG. 7 additionally shows a view obliquely from above in the assembled state.

The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential for the realization of the invention both individually and in any but technically reasonable or advantageous combination. A non-explicit representation of a combination of features does not mean that such a combination is not useful or not possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

retaining element

12

base holder

13

baseplate

14

mounting position

15

shaft

16

Outer surface, building surface

17

reinforcing rib

18

Strut, tension rod, tension strut

20

adjustment

30, 30 '

Connecting element, retaining plate

40

compensation element

50

facade element

Claims (14)

Holding element (10) for a facade fastening system, with - A base holder (12) having at least one fastening position (14) for attachment to a static-bearing outer surface (16) of a building - A connecting element (30) which allows a firm connection with a facade element (50) - An adjusting element (20) which is arranged between the base holder (12) and the connecting element (30) and a power transmission and a distance regulation between the connecting element (30) and base holder (12) allowed; characterized in that
the connecting element (30) comprises a metallic holding plate with a hot-melt adhesive layer. Retaining element according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot-melt adhesive layer comprises a thermoplastic, a hot-melt adhesive or another, thermally activatable connecting means. Retaining element according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the base holder (12) comprises at least one base plate (13) for attachment to a building surface (16) and on the base plate (13) substantially vertically arranged shaft (15). Retaining element according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the adjusting element (20) is designed as a rod with a threaded portion which can be screwed into a mating thread in the shaft (15) of the base holder (12) Retaining element according to Claims 1-4, characterized in that an elastic compensating element (40) is arranged between the adjusting element (20) and the connecting element (30). Retaining element (10) according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the base holder is made as an injection molding of high-strength plastic. Retaining element (10) according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the metallic retaining plate (30) is designed as a rotationally symmetrical, largely flat sheet metal part, preferably as a deep-drawing or sheet metal stamping. Holding element (10, 11) according to claim 1-7, characterized in that further comprises a strut (18) can be provided, which additionally connects the adjusting element (20) with the building surface (16). Retaining element (10, 11) according to claim 8, characterized in that the strut (18) is designed as a tension strut or as a pressure strut. Method for assembling a facade fastening system with the following steps: a) providing retaining elements according to claims 1-7 and a facade element (50) b) attaching a plurality of retaining elements (10) on a statically sustainable building surface (16) via the attachment positions (14) on the base holder (12) according to a laying plan c) adjusting the adjusting elements (20) such that the retaining plate (30) assume a desired position (30 ') d) applying a facade element (50) to the retaining plates (30 ') e) aligning the facade element (50) in the facade level and temporary fastening or vice versa f) aligning the inductor of an induction heating device on the front side of the facade element (50) with the position of a holding plate (30, 30 ') g) heating the hot melt adhesive layer by means of the induction heating device h) loading the adhesive bond during the subsequent cooling process A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the holding elements (10) are each connected to the static load-bearing building surface (16) only via the base holder (12) and with the facade elements (50) exclusively via the retaining plate (30, 30 '). A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the step b) further comprises establishing an additional, frictional connection between the building surface (16) and the connecting element (20) via a strut (18). A method according to claim 10 and / or 11, characterized in that no connecting elements or profiles are used between the holding elements. Use of a holding element according to claim 1-8 in a facade fastening system, wherein - The base holder (12) of the holding elements (10) are fixed in a grid on a structurally stable building surface (16), so that the holding plate with its hot melt adhesive layer from the building surface (16) are oriented away to the outside; - The position of the retaining plate is brought by adjusting the adjusting element (20) in a mounting position and - A facade element (50) is brought in a desired position in contact with the hot melt adhesive layer of several retaining plate - The hot melt adhesive layer is melted by an induction heater - The splice is fixed by means of a holding magnet until a firm connection between the holding plate and facade element (50).

Images