Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
  • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
  • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
  • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
  • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
  • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
  • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
  • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
  • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
  • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
  • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of thermal management.
• thermo insulation member and a heat insulating assembly interposed between a first volume and a second volume to be thermally controlled vis-à-vis the first volume, the assembly comprising a series of aforementioned parts assembled or disposed at the way of elementary bricks.
• thermally insulating parts in a controlled atmosphere especially vacuum insulated part, VIP or VIP vacuum insulated panel.
• PIV Power Insulation Panel
• thermal insulation assembly comprising a series of thermal insulation parts establishing between them, at least for some, thermal bridges and which are:
• each piece disposed in several layers according to a thickness that each piece has and which varies along a length that said piece has transversely to said thickness, and along which each said piece has externally at least one projection adjacent to a hollow,
• thermal insulation assembly presented above is furthermore such:
• said assembly is interposed between a first volume and a second volume to be thermally managed with respect to the first volume, - said layers are arranged in a direction (D) passing through the first and second volumes, the thicknesses and length (s) being respectively defined in said direction and transverse thereto, and
• said insulating parts or bricks are individually PIV structure .
• a piece transversely covers an adjacent piece over a distance (R) less than or equal to 500 mm, and / or that the elementary surface of each said piece is less than or equal to 2.5 m 2 .
• At least some of said pieces or bricks comprise an envelope and at least one thermal insulating element that the envelope surrounds at least locally, the envelope and the thermal insulating element each having several successive elbows externally defining projections adjacent to recesses.
• At least the envelope of the part will favorably present at least one T-section, or ⁇ or H or I, or, in one direction, a combination of several of these sections or a repetition of at least one of them.
• said series of pieces define a panel having a slice which will have, on at least two sides, projections (or recessed) of said parts each engaged with a complementary grooved (or protruding) shape of an end block comprising at least one thermal insulating element.
• the blind grooves of the blocks will form bag bottoms for the paths of the thermal bridges.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of the part according to the invention, FIG. 2 is the section along the plane II-II;
• FIG. 3 is an exploded view, before assembly, of the embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2, containing exclusively thermal insulation,
• FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an alternative, before assembly
• FIG. 5 shows in perspective a partial assembly in a set of parts as in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, in two successive states, as well as FIG. 7,
• FIG. 6 schematizes an alternative embodiment of such an assembly
• FIGS. 8, 9 schematize two horizontal sections of insulating housings constructed with sets of parts of the aforementioned types
• FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a housing constructed with parts according to the invention
• FIG. 11 shows a panel of this housing constructed with such assembled parts
• FIGS. 12, 13, 14 diagrammatically show three types of end blocks for such a panel
• FIG. 15 is an internal view of the housing of FIG. 12 assembled
• FIG. 16 schematizes in vertical cross-section a hull of a ship with a wall provided with the aforementioned insulating elementary bricks, for example in a transport application for chemical product, LNG or LPG, and
• - "piece” means a piece, an element or an elementary brick, plane (e) or not (in three dimensions), of any shape;
• transverse and transversely has direction oriented transversely, not necessarily perpendicular, with respect to an axis or a reference direction, here the thickness e and the direction D; a perpendicularity or an angle less than 30 ° with respect to this perpendicular is, however, advisable;
• An object of the present invention is thus to create a part 1 comprising a casing 3 having at least 5 bent elbows 5.
• a thermal flow F generally established following said direction to follow, along thermal bridges established between the parts will be forced to redirect to an isotherm 11.
• Such an isotherm will typically be established between two stages of parts 1 (FIG. 16 for example), or after having passed an elbow (change of direction on the part (s) concerned) as in a single stage example. shown in Figure 11.
• the pieces 1 may thus have been arranged, between the volumes 7, 9, each with its thickness parallel to the direction D and so that, transversely to this direction and this thickness, the parts 1 are shifted two by two transversely of a said layer to the adjacent layer, being arranged on several layers, such as 13a, 13b, along these thickness e and direction D.
• the first volume 7 may be the outside environment and the second 9, an interior volume, in a vehicle.
• the arrangement of the parts 1 may be staggered, or half-inconclusive, if there are only two layers, such as 13a, 13b Figure 9.
• An alternative or complementary solution shown in the example of FIG. 10 provides that, with respect to the thickness e and the direction D, the parts 1 are nested at least two by two, transversely (perpendicularly in the example) to said direction. and thickness, at the marked areas 15a, 15b.
• section H perpendicular to the thickness
• the sections of the embodiment of Figure 6 can be built with two T abutting by the free end of their vertical bar.
• the thermal bridges such as 16a , 16b figure 8, between said two parts of the layer (such as 16a, 16b with respect to the thermal bridge 16a), are established:
• a longitudinally intermediate portion, such as 23b, of a recess 23 of a said transversely offset piece (in the direction D and in the thickness e).
• a said protrusion of a said part of a layer is engaged in a hollow of a single said part of the adjacent layer, as is for example the projection 21 has in the recess 23a defined by the longitudinally intermediate portion 23b thinner (thickness e2 ⁇ e1) of the single piece (therefore single) 1 b.
• said adjacent projections such as 15b1, 15b2, figure 8, of these two parts are engaged together in a said hollow 23c of the longitudinally intermediate portion of a single said piece 1 of the adjacent layer.
• each bend 5 is a priori defined by a fold of a plate or a sheet, such as a metal foil.
• the term "metal" covers alloys.
• the elbows 5,50 define on each piece at least said first zone 21 externally projecting with respect to a second zone 23 externally recessed,
• each piece of thermal insulation comprises an envelope 3 and at least one thermal insulating element 25 that the envelope surrounds at least locally.
• FIGS. 1 -6 in particular help, in groups, to show that each envelope 3 has two opposite faces defined respectively by these first and second walls 31a, 31b, each being in one or more parts, at least first wall 31a having at least one said bend 33 defining the corresponding bend 5.50; see figures 3,4 in particular.
• two folded edges 39 of two elementary plates arranged substantially in the extension of one another will ensure a rapid, reliable, industrial manufacture of the walls 31 a, 31 b, compatible with a controlled atmosphere of the final envelope obtained.
• the first and second walls 31a, 31b will be fixed together, as indicated 37, for example FIG. Part 1 (envelope + core material 25), will have a favorable thermal conductivity of less than 100mW / mK at 20 ° C and in an atmospheric pressure environment.
• the first and second walls 31a, 31b can be made from a plurality of elementary plates, such as those 43a-43d in FIG. 1, two opposite edges of which are folded at 39 in the same direction.
• FIGS. 8, 9, which should therefore be considered as horizontal sections that could be made in the plane A of FIG. 5, with different embodiments of the parts 1.
• a parallelepipedal casing 50 completely surrounding the central volume 7
• one or more layers will be disposed on four successive faces (here three 13a, 13b, 13c) of parts 1 which are in the example nested on each of these elements.
• a thermal insulating angle pillar 53 which may also be of PIV type, such as a metal sheet folded around a thermal insulating element 25 itself. standing like a block and that such envelope will surround tightly.
• the modularity of the elementary parts 1 will make it easy to manufacture these corner zones, for example as illustrated.
• the two remaining faces, top and bottom, will be able to receive two lids, also thermal insulators and which could each be formed as one of the precipitated faces.
• the effect forcing any heat flow F (Generally established in said local direction D) to at least change direction to isotherm 11, between parts 1, will be reached.
• an assembly 10 of parts 1 will favorably be arranged, for the sake of ease of handling, or even of metal protection (precaution against piercing of the envelopes 3), between two lateral plates 55, 57, which may be flat. , erected in the general plane B perpendicular to A and said thickness (e) and direction D, this if necessary on each side.
• the tube 59 could be closed on one side by a bottom and on the other by a cover, each also provided with a thermal insulator, for example an assembly 1 formed of elementary bricks 10 in the appropriate version, of for example to form a tank that could be cylindrical.
• a thermal insulator for example an assembly 1 formed of elementary bricks 10 in the appropriate version, of for example to form a tank that could be cylindrical.
• the thermal insulation 25 may be a foam or a fibrous material (such as glass wool or rock wool).
• a series of pieces 1 assembled in puzzle as previously explained defines a generally planar panel 67 having a slice 69 ( Figure 11) which presents, on at least two sides (here on its four sides, the panel is rectangular), projecting parts 71 of said parts 1 to engage each with a grooved complementary shape 73 of an end block 75a, 75b or 75c comprising , typically incorporating at least one thermal insulation element (or material) 76.
• the relevant parts 1 of the panel 67 could form grooves and the complementary shapes of the end blocks 75a, 75b, 75c be protruding.
• end block 75a, 75b or 75c facing each side of the edge of each panel 67.
• some at least panels 67, and therefore end blocks, may not be planar.
• the parts 1, with I-section (or H tilted), of the central layer 13b project, like a tip of variable section, by compared to those of the other two layers 13a, 13c located on either side.
• the end blocks 75a, 75b, 75c serve to block the path of the thermal bridges.
• Figure 10 shows the relative locations of end blocks 75a, 75b, 75c and panels 67 at the respective numbers of 12 and 6, for the parallelepipedal housing shown.
• each end block 75a (FIG. 12) provided between two sides 71 with projections I (or H tilted) of panels 67 arranged transversely, the grooves 73 of the two adjacent longitudinal faces provided with them are identical and complementary to these I-sections (or H tilted) of the layer 13b, top and bottom, parts 1 of the panel 67 concerned.
• each end block 75c (FIG. 14) provided between two center-core sides 111 of panels 67 arranged transversely, the grooves 73 of the two adjacent longitudinal faces which are provided with them are identical and complementary to these central webs 111 of the central layers 13b. concerned.
• each end block 75b (FIG. 13), hybrid between the end blocks 75a, 75c, provided between a central core side 111 and a projecting side 71 I (or H tilted) side of the transverse panel 67.
• the grooves 73 of the two adjacent longitudinal faces which are provided are identical and complementary to these central cores 111 and 71 projections I (or H tilted), respectively.
• end blocks 75a, 75b, 75c form multi-part frames which frame the entire edge of each panel 67, while connecting and maintaining them in the corners of the housing 50, see in particular Figure 15.
• the end blocks may each have, on their other two faces, solid walls adapted to receive, internally and externally, the support of the side plates 55,57.
• each panel 67 can be clamped between these two side walls fixed with the end blocks.
• An application for all or part of the insulating assemblies 10 to elementary bricks 1 presented above may concern a wall 80 for limiting a tank 83 containing a chemical 85 to be kept at a certain temperature and / or pressure, for example LNG to maintain at -190 ° C during transoceanic transport, or LPG ( Figure 16).
• the second volume 9 to be thermally managed is that of the tank 83 and a first volume 7 may be water, such as seawater.
• the wall 80 is provided with an assembly 10 according to at least one of the types conforming to the solution presented above and here, in other words, from a series of said insulating pieces 1.
• the assembly 10 comprises in the example several layers of such parts, here a combination of parts (in T and ⁇ ) imbricated which, via elbows, block the flow F by changing direction F1 / F2, as already explained .
• the wall 80 may in particular integrate, contain or be doubled by the assembly 10.
• the tank limiting wall 80 can define a partition between two compartments, or define or belong to all or part of a hull 87 of a boat 89.
• the boat 89 may be a ship and therefore be intended for marine navigation.
• Providing the base wall 91 of the boat 89, the concave side, of one or more assembly (s) 10 may allow to follow inside the curved shape of the shell while ensuring the expected thermal management performance.
• this (these) assembly (s) 10 may be doubled (s) by at least one wall compatible with the product 85 content.
• Another application could concern the production of an insulating box around a chamber for producing liquefied gas, with for example an internal volume 9 at -196 ° C. to be thermally controlled and an external environment 7 at the atmospheric temperature of the place. between -30 and 45 ° C. Note also that in connection with the intended modular construction, another problem was taken into account, namely the size and weight.
• the overall thickness e will preferably be less than 300mm.
• each piece 1 will preferably be less than or equal to 2.5 m 2 .
• the wall of the casing 3 of each piece 1 will preferably be of stainless steel (or other metal or lighter alloy) less than 1 .2 mm.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Thermal Insulation (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=57485572

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (16)

• 2016
  • 2016-06-10 FR FR1655389A patent/FR3052534B1/fr active Active
• 2017
  • 2017-06-09 JP JP2018563806A patent/JP6968831B2/ja active Active
  • 2017-06-09 CN CN201780047364.7A patent/CN109563965B/zh active Active
  • 2017-06-09 US US16/308,387 patent/US20190137036A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2017-06-09 WO PCT/FR2017/051484 patent/WO2017212200A2/fr unknown
  • 2017-06-09 EP EP17735202.8A patent/EP3469248A2/fr active Pending
  • 2017-06-09 KR KR1020197000945A patent/KR102341101B1/ko active IP Right Grant

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