EP3465710B1 - On-load tap changer head and on-load tap changer having an on-load tap changer head - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an on-load tap-changer head and an on-load tap-changer with an on-load tap-changer head.

The on-load tap-changer and the transformer are subject to the highest demands when used in electrical energy systems for reasons of supply security. At the same time, the transformers and on-load tap-changers are among the most financially complex parts of the system in this system. The protection of these system parts is therefore a top priority and is prescribed in the standards. The diverter switch oil tank is filled with a special insulating oil to cool and insulate the electrical lines. In the event of a fault, such as a breakdown due to the insulation effect of the insulation medium reduced by aging or moisture, there can be a sharp increase in temperature with a partial decomposition of the oil into gas and a sudden sudden increase in pressure.

Flow relays are used to detect an insulating oil flow from the interior of the on-load tap-changer out to the oil expansion tank caused by a pressure rise as a result of a fault. Such a flow relay - also called a protective relay - is for example from the DE 1 952 048 A known. The protection relay comprises a housing arranged outside the transformer, which is connected on the one hand to a pipe that comes out of the tap changer head, and on the other hand to a pipe that leads to the oil expansion tank. A storage flap with a permanent magnet and a magnetically actuated reed switch are arranged inside the housing. The lines of the reed switch are usually routed through ceramic bushings from the inside of the housing to the outside and above the housing. These lines are connected to a warning device on the outside. If there is a sudden increase in pressure in the on-load tap-changer, the insulating oil flows out of the on-load tap-changer through the housing of the flow relay into the oil expansion tank. The flap is knocked over, the permanent magnet approaches the reed switch and actuates the contacts built into it, and the reed switch triggers a signal in the warning device.

Against this background, the invention proposes the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the dependent claims described.

• einen ersten Bereich, der im Laststufenschalterkopf ausgebildet ist und durch den ein Isolierfluid des Laststufenschalters strömen kann;
• einen zweiten Bereich, der durch eine Wand von dem ersten Bereich getrennt ist;
• eine Detektorvorrichtung zur Detektion von erhöhter Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Isolierfluids, umfassend
  • eine Strömungsklappe, die im ersten Bereich angeordnet ist und ab einer festgelegten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Isolierfluids aus einer ersten Position in eine zweite Position klappt;
  • einen ersten Kupplungsmagneten, der an der Klappe befestigt ist und sich in der zweiten Position der Strömungsklappe in unmittelbarer Nähe der Wand befindet;
  • einen zweiten Kupplungsmagneten, der in unmittelbarer Nähe der Wand in dem zweiten Bereich angeordnet ist;
  • einen Schalter, der in dem zweiten Bereich angeordnet ist und derart an den zweiten Kupplungsmagnet gekoppelt ist, dass das Umklappen der Strömungsklappe aus der ersten Position in die zweite Position den Schalter betätigt.

According to a first aspect, the invention proposes an on-load tap-changer head for or on an on-load tap-changer, comprising

• a first area formed in the on-load tap-changer head and through which an insulating fluid of the on-load tap-changer can flow;
• a second region separated from the first region by a wall;
• comprising a detector device for detecting increased flow velocity of the insulating fluid
  • a flow flap which is arranged in the first region and folds from a first flow position of the insulating fluid from a first position into a second position;
  • a first clutch magnet attached to the flap and in the second position of the flow flap in close proximity to the wall;
  • a second clutch magnet which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the wall in the second region;
  • a switch which is arranged in the second region and is coupled to the second clutch magnet in such a way that folding the flow flap from the first position into the second position actuates the switch.

The invention makes it possible to cleverly combine two components, namely an on-load tap-changer head and a detector device, for example in the form of a flow relay. This simplifies the construction of a tap changer since the oil expansion tank can be mounted directly on the on-load tap-changer head. By placing the flow flap in a separate area and the associated separation of the control room in a second area, the costs of the detector device are reduced enormously. Since the switches in the second area are no longer under oil, commercially available microswitches or the like can be used here. Costly implementation and switching elements that have to master the influences (corrosion, pressure, temperature) of the insulating oil are superfluous. The transmission of the movements by means of the magnetic couplings is particularly durable and reliable.

The on-load tap-changer head can be designed in any manner, preferably as a flange cast from metal.

The first region can be formed in any manner, preferably by Pouring or milling into the on-load tap-changer head.

The flow flap can be designed in any manner and can preferably be mechanically connected to the first clutch magnet directly or via a first shaft. The second clutch magnet in the second area can directly or indirectly actuate one or more switches. Furthermore, each position of the flow flap in the first area can be detected with a switch in the second area via a corresponding arrangement of the clutch magnets.

The second area can be designed in any manner and can be formed in the on-load tap-changer head or separately. The second area can be formed above the first area outside the on-load tap-changer, next to and / or below the first area in the on-load tap-changer and / or outside of the on-load tap-changer in the tap changer and can consist of a separate housing.

The switches can be actuated in any manner, for example by a rotatable second shaft with cams for the respective switch. In addition, the switches can be actuated directly or via a shaft by a preferably linear or radial movable second clutch magnet. Depending on the version, the switches can be closed or operated or opened or not operated in any position. For example, when the flow flap is folded over, a first clutch magnet can be removed from the immediate vicinity of the second clutch magnet and a switch can thus be opened or no longer actuated.

The switches can be designed in any way, for example as a microswitch, inert gas magnet switch, reed switch, flip switch, Hg toggle switch tube, proximity sensor or Hall sensor.

It can be specified that the flow flap has a recess or an aperture. The size of the flow flap and the recess determine the flow rate at which the insulating fluid flips over the flow flap.

It can be specified that a reset device is mechanically connected to the second clutch magnet via the second shaft, and by actuating the reset device the first clutch magnet and thus the flow flap can be folded over from a second position into a first position by the second clutch magnet.

It may be specified that a reset is formed on the flow flap and the flow flap is actuated from a second position by actuating the reset a first position can be folded down.

Depending on the embodiment, the reset device is arranged in the first or second area and serves to directly or indirectly reset the flow flap from the first position to the second position.

• einen Laststufenschalterkopf, der gemäß dem ersten Aspekt ausgebildet ist;
• einen Zylinder der auf einer ersten Seite mit dem Laststufenschalterkopf verbunden ist,
• einen Deckel der mit dem Laststufenschalterkopf verbunden ist;
• einen Boden, der mit dem Zylinder auf einer zweiten, der ersten Seite gegenüber liegenden Seite verbunden ist;
• einen Lastumschalter im Zylinder;
• ein Isolierfluid im Zylinder.

According to a second aspect, the invention proposes an on-load tap changer comprising

• an on-load tap changer head formed according to the first aspect;
• a cylinder which is connected to the on-load tap-changer head on a first side,
• a cover which is connected to the on-load tap-changer head;
• a bottom connected to the cylinder on a second side opposite the first side;
• a diverter switch in the cylinder;
• an insulating fluid in the cylinder.

The cylinder is preferably formed from a glass fiber composite. A diverter switch is arranged inside the cylinder, which preferably has vacuum interrupters, contact resistances and mechanical contacts. The insulating fluid is preferably a mineral or a synthetic oil.

The explanations for one of the aspects of the invention, in particular for individual features of this aspect, also apply analogously to the other aspects of the invention.

FIG. 1

einen Stufentransformator mit einem Laststufenschalter, der einen Laststufenschalterkopf in einer ersten Ausführungsform umfasst;

FIG. 2

eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht eines Teils des Laststufenschalterkopfes aus FIG. 1;

FIG. 3a

eine Schnittansicht, längs der Schnittlinie A aus FIG. 2, des Laststufenschalterkopfes aus FIG. 1, der eine erste Ausführungsform einer Detektorvorrichtung umfasst;

FIG. 3b

eine Schnittansicht ähnlich FIG. 3a einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Laststufenschalterkopfes, der die erste Ausführungsform der Detektorvorrichtung umfasst;

FIG. 4a

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teil der ersten Ausführungsform der Detektorvorrichtung, die in den Laststufenschalterkopf aus FIG. 3a eingebaut ist;

FIG. 4b

eine perspektivische Ansicht ähnlich FIG. 4a des Teils der Detektorvorrichtung aus FIG. 4a, die in den Laststufenschalterkopf aus FIG. 3b eingebaut ist;

FIG. 5a

eine längs der Schnittlinie A aus FIG. 2 geschnittene Ansicht des Laststufenschalterkopfes aus FIG. 1, der eine zweite Ausführungsform der Detektorvorrichtung umfasst;

FIG. 5b

eine Schnittansicht ähnlich FIG. 5a einer dritten Ausführungsform des Laststufenschalterkopfes;

FIG. 6a

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teils der zweiten Ausführungsform der Detektorvorrichtung, die in den Laststufenschalterkopf aus FIG. 5a eingebaut ist;

FIG. 6b

eine perspektivische Ansicht ähnlich FIG. 6a des Teils der Detektorvorrichtung aus FIG. 6a, die in den Laststufenschalterkopf aus FIG. 5b eingebaut ist.

The drawings show in

FIG. 1

a tap changer with an on-load tap changer that includes an on-load tap-changer head in a first embodiment;

FIG. 2nd

an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the on-load tap-changer head FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3a

a sectional view taken along section line A. FIG. 2nd , the on-load tap-changer head FIG. 1 comprising a first embodiment of a detector device;

FIG. 3b

a sectional view similar FIG. 3a a second embodiment of the on-load tap-changer head, which comprises the first embodiment of the detector device;

FIG. 4a

a perspective view of part of the first embodiment of the detector device, which in the on-load tap changer head FIG. 3a is installed;

FIG. 4b

a perspective view similar FIG. 4a of the part of the detector device FIG. 4a that made in the on-load tap-changer head FIG. 3b is installed;

FIG. 5a

one along the section line A. FIG. 2nd sectional view of the on-load tap-changer head FIG. 1 comprising a second embodiment of the detector device;

FIG. 5b

a sectional view similar FIG. 5a a third embodiment of the on-load tap-changer head;

FIG. 6a

a perspective view of part of the second embodiment of the detector device, which in the on-load tap changer head FIG. 5a is installed;

FIG. 6b

a perspective view similar FIG. 6a of the part of the detector device FIG. 6a that made in the on-load tap-changer head FIG. 5b is installed.

In FIG. 1 a step transformer 40 with a control winding and a main winding 41 is shown schematically. An on-load tap changer 10, which comprises an on-load tap changer head 20 in a first embodiment, a cylinder 11, a cover 13 and a base 14 projects into the interior of the step transformer 40 from above. The cylinder 11 is preferably made of a glass fiber plastic mixture or another insulating material. The on-load tap changer 10 is fastened to the transformer cover 42 of the step transformer 40 via the on-load tap-changer head 20. The on-load tap-changer 10 is on its first, upper side 12 with the cover 13 and on its second, lower side 15 closed with the bottom 14. A load switching unit 16 is arranged in the interior 19 of the on-load tap changer 10. This can have, for example, mechanical switch contacts, vacuum interrupters, contact resistances, etc. An oil expansion vessel 43 is attached to the outside of the step transformer 40. The insulating fluid 17 located in the on-load tap-changer 10 is hydraulically connected to the oil expansion vessel 43 via a first region 21 in the on-load tap-changer head 20. The insulating fluid 17 is preferably a mineral oil or a synthetic oil. The step transformer 40 is also filled with the insulating fluid 17 on the inside. To actuate the load switching unit 16, a drive shaft 44 is guided through the cover 13 and is driven, for example, by a motor 45. The on-load tap changer 10 can either be designed as a diverter switch with selector or load selector. Depending on the type of on-load tap-changer 10, a fine selector with or without preselector 47 can be arranged below the base 14. The on-load tap changer 10 is connected to the control winding / main winding 41 via lines 46. The winding structure is only indicated schematically here. Depending on the design of the step transformer, one or more windings are arranged on one or more cores. The windings are surrounded by the insulating fluid 17.

In FIG. 2nd The first area 21 of the on-load tap-changer head 20 is shown in section in the first embodiment with part of a detector device 39. A flow flap 24 is arranged in the first region 21 and is rotatably mounted on a shaft 28. The flow flap 24 is in a first position 24A. Due to the bearing on the shaft 28, the flow flap 24 can be folded down from the first position 24A to the second position 24B. The folding occurs due to a rapid rise in pressure of the insulating fluid 17 in the interior 19 of the on-load tap-changer 10. The insulating fluid 17 flows from the interior 19 (flow direction 18) of the on-load tap-changer 10 through the first region 21 and a line flange 48 to the oil expansion vessel 43.

In FIG. 3a is a schematic detailed view of section A from FIG. 2nd of the on-load tap-changer head 20 in the first embodiment, which comprises a first embodiment of the detector device 39. The first area 21 (oil space) is separated by a wall 22 from a second area 23 (control room). In this embodiment of the on-load tap-changer head 20, both areas are formed in the on-load tap-changer head 20. The flow flap 24 is mechanically connected via a first shaft 28 to a first clutch magnet 25, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22. In the second area 23, the second is in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22 Coupling magnet 26 arranged. The second clutch magnet 26 is in via a second shaft 29 with two switches 27 in FIG. 4a shown cam 33 connected. In this embodiment, when the flow flap 24 is folded over from the first position 24A to the second position 24B, the first shaft 28 and the first clutch magnet 25 are rotated. This rotary movement is magnetically transmitted through the wall 22 to the second clutch magnet 26 and the second shaft 29, so that the switches 27 are actuated. In this embodiment, the switches 27 are actuated when the flow flap 24 has reached the second position 24B. The position ranges between the first and second position can be monitored or mapped by any number of switches. The switches 27 can be designed as microswitches, inert gas magnet switches, reed switches, folding switches, Hg rocker switches, proximity sensors or Hall sensors.

In FIG. 3b A schematic detailed view of the on-load tap-changer head 20 is shown, which is designed according to a second embodiment and comprises the first embodiment of the detector device 39. The first area 21 is separated from a second area 23 by a wall 22. In this embodiment of the on-load tap-changer head 20, the first area 21 is formed in the on-load tap-changer head 20, but the second area 23 is arranged outside the on-load tap-changer head 20. In addition, the detector device 39 is rotated 90 ° upwards in comparison to the first embodiment of the on-load tap-changer head 20. The second region 23 can be arranged on the outside in the vicinity of the cover 13 or also in the interior of the step transformer 40 and can have its own housing. The flow flap 24 is mechanically connected via the shaft 28 to the first clutch magnet 25, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22. The second clutch magnet 26 is arranged in the second region 23 in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22. The second clutch magnet 26 is connected to one or more switches 27 via a second shaft 29. Here too, when the flow flap 24 is folded over from the first position 24A to a second position 24B, the first shaft 28 and the first clutch magnet 25 are rotated. This rotary movement is magnetically transmitted through the wall 22 to the second clutch magnet 26 and the second shaft 29, so that the switch 27 via in FIG. 4a shown possible cams 33 are operated. In this embodiment, the switches 27 are actuated when the flow flap 24 has reached the second position 24B.

In FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b a part of the first embodiment of the detector device 39 is shown in two views. The second shaft 29 interacts with two switches 27. In this case, a plurality of cams 33 are formed on the second shaft 20, which switch 27 actuate. A reset 32 is formed at one end of the second shaft 29. By actuating it, ie by turning it, the flow flap is folded back from the second position 24B to the first position 25A via the two clutch magnets 25, 26. The flow flap 24 is folded over by the insulating fluid 17 at a fixed flow direction 18. The flow velocity to be detected, at which the flow flap 24 is folded over or triggered, can be determined by the size of the cutout 30, also called the aperture, and the size of the flow flap.

In FIG. 5a A schematic detailed view of the on-load tap-changer head 20 is shown, which is designed according to a third embodiment and comprises a second embodiment of the detector device 39. The first area 21 is separated from a second area 23 by a wall 22. In this embodiment of the on-load tap-changer head 20, as in the first embodiment, both areas are formed in the on-load tap-changer head 20. The flow flap 24 is mounted on a shaft 28. In this embodiment of the detector device 39, the first clutch magnet 25 is directly mechanically connected to the flow flap 24. The second clutch magnet 26 is arranged in the second region 23 in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22. The second clutch magnet 26 is connected to a switch 27, for example, via a second shaft 29. In this embodiment, when the flow flap 24 is folded over, the first clutch magnet 25 is moved from a first position 24A to a second position 24B which is in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22. In the second position 24B, the first clutch magnet 25 acts through the wall 22 on the second clutch magnet 26, which preferably performs a linear movement and thus actuates the switch 27 directly or via the second shaft 29. The switch is actuated by pressing or pulling the second clutch magnet 26. In principle, it is also possible for the flow flap 24 to actuate the switches 27 in the second region 23 in the first position and no switch 27 to be actuated when it is folded over into the second position 24B more done.

In FIG. 5b A schematic detailed view of the on-load tap-changer head 20 is shown, which is designed according to a fourth embodiment and comprises the second embodiment of the detector device 39. The first area 21 is separated from a second area 23 by a wall 22. In this embodiment of the on-load tap-changer head 20, the first region 21 is formed in the on-load tap-changer head 20, as in the second embodiment, but the second region 23 is arranged outside the on-load tap-changer head 20. In addition, the detector device 39 is in the Compared to the third embodiment of the on-load tap-changer head 20 turned 90 ° upwards. The second region 23 can be arranged on the outside in the vicinity of the cover 13 or also on the inside of the step transformer 40. The flow flap 24 is mechanically connected via the shaft 28 to a first clutch magnet 25, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22. Analogously, the second clutch magnet 26 is arranged in the second region 23 in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22. The second clutch magnet 26 is here, for example, also connected to a switch 27 via a second shaft 29. Here too, when the flow flap 24 is folded over, the first clutch magnet 25 is moved from a first position 24A to a second position 24B, which is located in the immediate vicinity of the wall 22. In the second position 24B, the first clutch magnet 25 acts through the wall 22 on the second clutch magnet 26, which preferably performs a linear movement and thus actuates the switch 27 directly or via the second shaft 29. The switch is actuated by pressing or pulling the second clutch magnet 26. In principle, it is also possible for the flow flap 24 to actuate the switches 27 in the second region 23 in the first position and no switch 27 to be actuated when it is folded over into the second position 24B more done.

In FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b a part of the second embodiment of the detector device 39 is shown in two views. A first clutch magnet 25 is arranged on the flow flap 24, which is rotatably mounted on the first shaft 28. When the flow flap 24 is flipped over by the flow of the insulating fluid 17 in a flow direction 18, the first clutch magnet 25 is moved from the first position 24A to the second position 24B. In the second position 24B, the first clutch magnet 25 acts through the wall on the second clutch magnet 26 in the second region 23 and actuates the switches 27.

REFERENCES

10th

On-load tap-changer

11

cylinder

12th

first page of 10

13

cover

14

ground

15

second page of 10

16

Diverter switch

17th

Insulating fluid

18th

Flow direction

19th

Interior of 10

20th

On-load tap-changer head

21

first area (oil room)

22

wall

23

second area (control room)

24th

Flow damper

24A / 24B

first / second position of 24

25th

first clutch magnet

26

second clutch magnet

27

switch

28

first wave

29

second wave

30th

Recess, aperture

31

pen

32

Reset

33

Cam

39

Detector device

40

Step transformer

41

Master winding / standard winding

42

Transformer cover

43

Oil conservator

44

drive shaft

45

engine

46

cables

47

Fine selection / selection

48

Pipe flange

Claims (9)

1. On-load tap changer head (20) for an on-load tap changer (10), comprising:

   - a first region (21) which is formed in the on-load tap changer head (20) and through which an insulating fluid (17) of the on-load tap changer (10) can flow;

   - a second region (23) separated from the first region (21) by a wall (22); and

   - a detector device (39) for detection of increased flow speed of the insulating fluid (17), comprising

   - a flow flap (24) which is arranged in the first region (21) and which from a defined flow speed of the insulating fluid (17) tilts from a first position (24A) to a second position (24B);

   - a first coupling magnet (25) which is secured to the flap (24) and in the second position (24B) of the flow flap (24) is disposed in the immediate vicinity of the wall (22); characterized by

   - a second coupling magnet (26) which is arranged in the second region (23) in the immediate vicinity of the wall (22); and

   - a switch (27) which is arranged in the second region (23) and which is so coupled to the second coupling magnet (26) that tilting over of the flow flap (24) from the first position (24A) to the second position (24B) actuates the switch (27).
2. On-load tap changer head (20) according to the preceding claim, wherein

   - the second region (23) is formed in the on-load tap changer head (20) or outside the on-load tap changer head (20).
3. On-load tap changer head (20) according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein

   - the first coupling magnet (25) is connected with the flow flap (24) by way of a first shaft (28);

   - the second coupling magnet (26) is connected with the switch (27) by way of a second shaft (29); and

   - through tilting over of the flow flap (24) from the first position (24A) to the second position (24B) the switch (27) is actuated by rotation of the first and second shafts (28, 29) and of the first and second coupling magnets (25, 26).
4. On-load tap changer head (20) according to the preceding claim, wherein

   - a resetting device (32) is mechanically connected with the second coupling magnet (26) by way of the second shaft (29); and

   - through actuation of the resetting device (32) the first coupling magnet (25) and thus the flow flap (24) can be tilted over from a second position (24B) to a first position (24A) by the second coupling magnet (26).
5. On-load tap changer head (20) according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein

   - the first coupling magnet (25) is directly connected with the flow flap (24);

   - the second coupling magnet (26) is connected with the switch (27); and

   - through tilting over the flow flap (24) from the first position (24A) to the second position (24B) the first coupling magnet (25) is brought into the immediate vicinity of the second coupling magnet (26) and thus the switch (27) is actuated by the second coupling magnet (26).
6. On-load tap changer head (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein

   - the switch (27) is constructed as a microswitch.
7. On-load tap changer head (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein

   - the flow flap (24) has a cut-out (30).
8. On-load tap changer head (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein

   - a resetting device (32) is formed at the flow flap (24); and

   - through actuation of the resetting device (32) the flow flap (24) can be tilted over from a second position (24B) to a first position (24A).
9. On-load tap changer (10) comprising:

   - a first on-load tap changer head (20) constructed in accordance with any one of the preceding claims;

   - a cylinder (11) connected on a first side (12) with the on-load tap changer head (20);

   - a cover (13) connected with the on-load tap changer head (20);

   - a base (14) connected with the cylinder (11) on a second side (15) opposite the first side (12);

   - a load changeover switch (16) in the cylinder (11); and

   - an insulating fluid (17) in the cylinder (11).

Images