EP3464254A1 - Procédé d'oxydation d'un acide gras insaturé et système réactionnel pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé - Google Patents
Procédé d'oxydation d'un acide gras insaturé et système réactionnel pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3464254A1 EP3464254A1 EP17731231.1A EP17731231A EP3464254A1 EP 3464254 A1 EP3464254 A1 EP 3464254A1 EP 17731231 A EP17731231 A EP 17731231A EP 3464254 A1 EP3464254 A1 EP 3464254A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- unsaturated fatty
- reaction
- reaction system
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
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- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- -1 molybdate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 192
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 188
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 188
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 188
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 39
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 18
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
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- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 9
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- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-undecenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C FRPZMMHWLSIFAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproleic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=C KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 208000017983 photosensitivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 231100000434 photosensitization Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- VACHUYIREGFMSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-threo-9,10-Dihydroxy-octadecansaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O VACHUYIREGFMSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- YNHJECZULSZAQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylporphyrin Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC(N2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3N2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 YNHJECZULSZAQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- MDTPTXSNPBAUHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylsulfanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[S+](C)C MDTPTXSNPBAUHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001149 (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTTJVINHCBCLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9trans,12cis)-methyl linoleate Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC WTTJVINHCBCLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N (R)-(+)-citronellol Natural products OCC[C@H](C)CCC=C(C)C QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPHFVCJDRAVONJ-SOFGYWHQSA-N (e)-11-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O BPHFVCJDRAVONJ-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NSYDMBURIUSUDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-(3-octyloxiran-2-yl)dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O NSYDMBURIUSUDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIABEETXTKSDLE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O AIABEETXTKSDLE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YRDCTMXDDPFZJT-NTCAYCPXSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (E)-10-hydroxyoctadec-8-enoate Chemical compound OC(/C=C/CCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)O)CCCCCCCC YRDCTMXDDPFZJT-NTCAYCPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JICLEKUYETZDAX-SDNWHVSQSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (E)-9-hydroxyoctadec-10-enoate Chemical compound OC(CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)O)\C=C\CCCCCCC JICLEKUYETZDAX-SDNWHVSQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIHBGTRZFAVZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)=O KIHBGTRZFAVZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXOYTMXAKFMIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1CO1 GXOYTMXAKFMIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005084 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNJCGNRKWOHFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)propanenitrile Chemical compound OCCSCCC#N LNJCGNRKWOHFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKVUWOJSBYPADP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(2-hydroxyoctyl)oxiran-2-yl]octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CC1OC1CCCCCCCC(O)=O YKVUWOJSBYPADP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBUKMFOXMZRGRB-YFHOEESVSA-N 9(10)-EpOME Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/CC1OC1CCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKMFOXMZRGRB-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 1
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- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodochlorine Chemical compound ICl QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004165 Methyl ester of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- PKIXXJPMNDDDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl linoleate Natural products CCCCC=CCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC PKIXXJPMNDDDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012901 Milli-Q water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004808 allyl alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006701 autoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGQFVRIQXUFPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-citronellol Natural products OCCC(C)CCCC(C)=C JGQFVRIQXUFPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008236 biological pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N borane Chemical class [10BH3] UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-WFVSFCRTSA-N deuteriooxyethane Chemical compound [2H]OCC LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-WFVSFCRTSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyclohexane Natural products CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003944 halohydrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003919 heteronuclear multiple bond coherence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005570 heteronuclear single quantum coherence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroperoxide group Chemical group [O-]O MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);1,10-phenanthroline;dicyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010063993 lens intrinsic protein MP 64 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002888 oleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000487 osmium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CABDEMAGSHRORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1CO1 CABDEMAGSHRORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JIWAALDUIFCBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoosmium Chemical compound [Os]=O JIWAALDUIFCBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003408 phase transfer catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075999 phytosterol ester Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007867 post-reaction treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012508 resin bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-[[4-[(e)-[4-(4-ethoxyanilino)phenyl]-[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino]methyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C(=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=C1 RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003445 sucroses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N trans-octadec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O LKOVPWSSZFDYPG-WUKNDPDISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005314 unsaturated fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/12—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/652—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/6525—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0202—Alcohols or phenols
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/30—Ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B41/00—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen
- C07B41/14—Formation or introduction of functional groups containing oxygen of peroxy of hydroperoxy groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/70—Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/70—Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
- B01J2231/72—Epoxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/27—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a liquid or molten state
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of the transformation of oleochemical products into valuable derivatives. More particularly, it relates to a process for oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid by singlet oxygen, in particular allylic oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid by singlet oxygen insertion, and a reaction system for the implementation of of such a process.
- the invention also relates to the use of ion exchange resin supporting molybdate ions for the production of singlet oxygen.
- It furthermore relates, on the one hand, to a process for the formation of an allyl monoalcohol, more specifically to a fatty acid derived therefrom, from an unsaturated fatty acid, and, on the other hand, to a process for the formation of an a diol from an unsaturated fatty acid, each of these methods implementing a process for oxidizing an unsaturated fatty acid with singlet oxygen according to the invention.
- the term “unsaturated fatty acid” includes both compounds in free acid form, including salt form, and compounds in ester form.
- unsaturated fatty acid refers in the present description both to unsaturated fatty acids per se, including their salts, and unsaturated fatty acid esters.
- Oleochemistry which refers to physico-chemical transformation operations applied to animal and vegetable oils and fats, is used in many fields of industry, such as the cosmetic, chemical and pharmaceutical fields, in which it occupies a place important given current trends in sustainable development and environmental legislation. Thus, new processes based on the use of oleochemical products are being developed all over the world.
- hydroxylated fatty acids have one or more hydroxyl groups on their hydrophobic chain, which gives them very specific physicochemical properties, such as high viscosity and reactivity. These properties make them particularly attractive for many applications, particularly in the fields of organic chemistry, as chemical intermediates; polymers, especially for the manufacture of polyurethanes; lubricants; building, especially for the manufacture of coatings, cements, coatings, etc. ; cosmetics, especially for the manufacture of varnishes; but also pharmacy and medicine; etc.
- oleic acid extracted from an oil can be hydroxylated at its ethylenic double bond, to selectively obtain the 9-hydroxystearic acid, 10-hydroxystearic acid and 9,10-hydroxystearic acid.
- hydroxystearic acid which can be used as intermediates of polymerization reactions, in particular for the manufacture of biopolymers.
- the chemical processes for obtaining hydroxylated fatty acids can carry out monohydroxylation reactions or dihydroxylation reactions of the double-bonds of unsaturated fatty acid chains, to lead, respectively, to mono derivatives alcohols and oleochemical diols.
- the dihydroxylation reactions may be direct, or involve an epoxide intermediate, which is then hydrolysed.
- Direct dihydroxylation processes allowing the formation of vicinal diols (1,2-diol) by reaction of an olefin with a solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) or osmium tetroxide (OsO 4 ), have been known since long time (US 2,265,143, Bader, 1948). These processes have, for example, been applied to oleic acid to give 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid (Foglia et al., 1977, Julien-David et al., 2008).
- Epoxides are generally obtained by four technologies: the use of peracids in the presence of acid or enzymes as catalysts, a well-known method for industrial epoxidation (Warwel et al., 1995); the use of organic or inorganic peroxides (Sharpless et al., 1983); the use of halohydrins; or the use of molecular oxygen, which is the least expensive and most environmentally friendly method, but which is effective only for simple molecules.
- the hydroboration reaction of the unsaturated fatty acids makes it possible to produce saturated hydroxylated fatty acids.
- hydroboration of methyl esters of fatty acids with diborane was proposed as early as 1959 (Fore et al., 1959).
- the sensitivity to air and hydrolysis of borane compounds makes it difficult to develop hydroboration processes.
- the oxidation reaction of the unsaturated fatty acids involves selenium dioxide (SeO 2 ) or singlet oxygen ( 1 0 2 ) to obtain unsaturated hydroxylated fatty acids.
- selenium dioxide (SeO 2 ) in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) has been very effective for the hydroxylation of unsaturated fatty acids in a single step.
- selenium dioxide causes the overoxidation of alcohols and generates two types of by-products in a significant amount, by-products whose removal is particularly difficult, making such a process unusable on an industrial scale.
- the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by singlet oxygen is a known process in photochemistry (Choe et al., 2005, Watabe et al., 2007). This method presents in particular no problem of over oxidation of the alcohols formed.
- the use of singlet oxygen for the oxidation of fatty acids makes it possible to avoid the secondary decompositions commonly observed for autoxidation reactions, such as the formation of aldehydes, the splitting of the double bond, polymerizations, etc.
- Singlet oxygen is a highly reactive oxygen species that is commonly used for many applications in organic synthesis. Singlet oxygen more particularly corresponds to the first excited state of the oxygen molecule. It has an excess of energy compared to the fundamental oxygen 0 2 . In particular, singlet oxygen exhibits selective reactivity to unsaturated substrates.
- the singlet oxygen is generally produced by the so-called photosensitization method, during which a molecule, called photosensitizer, typically a dye with a high absorption power, excited by light, transfers its energy to oxygen and oxygen. active in singlet oxygen.
- photosensitizer typically a dye with a high absorption power
- the oxidation of oleic acid by singlet oxygen produced by photosensitization generates hydroperoxides of allylic fatty acids which are then reduced to give 10-hydroxy-8 (E) - octadecenoic acid and 9-hydroxy-10 (E) -octadécéno 'AICS (Choe et al., 2005; Watabe et al., 2007). Montera de Espinosa et al.
- the present inventors have been particularly interested in singlet oxygen oxidation techniques, by searching for methods other than photosensitization to produce singlet oxygen.
- the document WO 2007/0421 14 describes a singlet oxygen oxidation process, produced in situ by a molybdate / hydrogen peroxide system, of organic substrates known to have a high singlet oxygen capture capacity (commonly designated by the term “quenching agents", that is, deactivators, sensors or traps, singlet oxygen), such as citronellol.
- quenching agents that is, deactivators, sensors or traps, singlet oxygen
- singlet oxygen such as citronellol.
- the mechanism of formation of singlet oxygen from an H 2 O 2 / MoO 4 2 "system has been investigated by the prior art.
- the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the molybdate ions generates reactive peroxomolybdate intermediates. , including the triperoxomolybdate MoO (O 2 ) 3 2 - which is the main precursor of singlet oxygen.
- the present inventors have now discovered that, quite surprisingly and advantageously, it is possible to carry out the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, to form intermediates which can easily be converted into alcohols, be they mono- alcohols or polyols, especially hydroperoxide intermediates or epoxides, in a controlled manner, and in a simple manner and with a yield and a selectivity particularly high, by reaction with singlet oxygen produced in situ chemically in a reaction system of particular composition. More particularly, this reaction system is of the ternary type, based on water, an alcohol capable of compatibilizing the constituents of the system, in particular to solubilize the unsaturated fatty acid which must be oxidized, and of this unsaturated fatty acid itself. even as the third component of the medium.
- the present invention thus advantageously takes advantage of the surfactant properties of the unsaturated fatty acids, especially in their carboxylate form, to form, without the addition of any exogenous emulsifying agent, a reaction medium in the form of an emulsion which proves particularly and surprisingly favorable to the in situ production of singlet oxygen, the prolongation of its lifetime in the medium and the realization of the oxidation reaction of unsaturated fatty acid by singlet oxygen thus produced in situ .
- the fatty acid in particular in carboxylate form, plays a role of both reagent and surfactant. Under conditions of neutral or basic pH, the carboxylate species of the unsaturated fatty acid is immediately formed in the reaction medium.
- the unsaturated fatty acid When the unsaturated fatty acid is introduced into the reaction system in the form of unsaturated fatty acid ester and polyol, it plays in this system a role of nonionic surfactant, also allowing the formation of an emulsion in situ.
- the reaction system which is macroscopically a ternary system, evolves rapidly in situ, and can be described as a pseudo-ternary or pseudo-quaternary system.
- the alcohol plays a role of both compatibilizer, including solvent, fatty acid and co-surfactant in the reaction system.
- This process comprises:
- reaction system in the form of an emulsion containing at least unsaturated fatty acid and molybdate ions, in a mixture of water and an alcohol capable of compatibilizing said unsaturated fatty acid and water, this reaction system being free of exogenous emulsifying agent;
- the unsaturated fatty acid may in particular be contained in a vegetable or animal oil, or in a semi-purified extract obtained from a vegetable or animal oil or fat. It may otherwise be introduced in substantially pure form into the reaction system.
- the reaction system being free from exogenous emulsifying agent it is meant that the reaction system does not comprise any additional emulsifying agent with respect to the unsaturated fatty acid, especially its carboxylate form which forms spontaneously in the system. reaction, and in particular no compound which is introduced into the reaction system in a form having emulsifying properties.
- alcohol capable of compatibilizing said unsaturated fatty acid and water it is meant that the alcohol is capable of promoting the mixing of the unsaturated fatty acid, particularly in its carboxylate form forming in situ, and water.
- the alcohol is chosen to be able to solubilize the saturated fatty acid.
- the process according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to carry out the oxidation in situ, by singlet oxygen, of oleochemical bases, that is to say bases resulting from physicochemical transformation (s) applied (s). ) to animal and vegetable oils and fats, and unsaturated triglycerides.
- the process according to the invention is simple to implement, at low cost and by means of environmentally friendly reagents. It also makes it possible, by means of a single molecular system, to carry out several types of reactions, depending on the particular operating conditions implemented, in particular as a function of the pH in the reaction system, in order to obtain either allylic hydroperoxides or a epoxide.
- the addition of singlet oxygen in the olefinic CH bond of the unsaturated fatty acid may thus lead, according to the invention, to the formation of a hydroperoxide group with migration. of the double bond of the unsaturated fatty acid and its isomerization in trans configuration.
- the pH of the reaction system is maintained at a value greater than or equal to 7, preferably between 9 and 12, and preferably greater than or equal to 10 and less than 12.
- the process according to the invention then carries out the allylic oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid by insertion of singlet oxygen, to form allyl hydroperoxides.
- allylic hydroperoxides can then be reduced to the corresponding allylic alcohols, for example by means of sodium sulphite or sodium borohydride.
- this reaction will be referred to as the allylic oxidation term.
- the allylic oxidation consists of the oxygenation of the organic environment around the unsaturation of the oleochemical base or of the unsaturated triglyceride, this oxidation generating the migration of the double bond and alpha or beta hydroxylation of this double bond.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to carry out this reaction with a particularly high yield and selectivity.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible, after reduction of the hydroperoxide intermediates formed, to obtain hydroxylated fatty acids with a yield as high as 98%.
- reaction scheme A for the example of oleic acid as unsaturated fatty acid:
- Reaction Scheme A The insertion of singlet oxygen at the double bond of oleic acid causes the migration of this double bond, as indicated by the arrows, and the production of two hydroperoxides which make it possible, after reduction, to form monounsaturated fatty acid hydroxylated in position 9, and monounsaturated fatty acid hydroxylated in position 10, these two molecules being in trans configuration.
- the adjustment of the pH of the reaction system can be carried out by any conventional method in itself for the skilled person, in particular, for the basic pH, by adding sodium hydroxide in the reaction system.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain oleophilic epoxides, as well as short-chain fatty acids. .
- the pH of the reaction system is set, prior to the step of adding hydrogen peroxide in the reaction system, to a value of less than 7, preferably between 4 and 6.
- the process according to the invention then performs the oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid to form an epoxide.
- This epoxide can in particular be hydrolyzed to a diol. In the remainder of the present description, this reaction will be referred to as the epoxidation term.
- reaction scheme B for the example of oleic acid. as unsaturated fatty acid:
- Oxidation by singlet oxygen at the double bond of oleic acid causes the formation of an epoxide, which itself allows to form, after hydrolysis, a diol, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid at the initial location of the double-bond.
- the oxidation process according to the invention can be applied to all forms of the fatty acid, in particular to the acidic forms, and to the salt forms.
- the oxidation process according to the invention which will be described in more detail hereinafter, relating to heterogeneous catalysis, the oxidation process also applies successfully to the acid ester forms. advantageously without observing the hydrolysis of the fatty acid ester function.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to carry out the oxidation of a unsaturated fatty acid, whether in acid form, in salt form or in ester form.
- the salt forms and the esterified forms of the unsaturated fatty acid are thus encompassed in the expression "fatty acid" within the meaning of the present invention.
- the oxidation process according to the invention also fulfills the following characteristics, implemented separately or in each of their technically operating combinations.
- the addition of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction system is carried out gradually, preferably by introducing into the reaction system an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, and preferably at a rate of more than 3.0 mmol of hydrogen peroxide per minute, especially from 3.0 mmol to 4.9 mmol of hydrogen peroxide per minute.
- an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide 50% w / w is then preferably introduced into the reaction system at a flow rate greater than 0.17 ml / min, in particular between 0.17 and 0.28 ml / min.
- the addition rate of the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction system is chosen, in conjunction with the molar amount of hydrogen peroxide to be introduced relative to the molar amount of unsaturated fatty acid present in the reaction mixture. reaction medium, so as to obtain a duration of addition of hydrogen peroxide greater than or equal to 30 minutes, preferably between 2 and 5 hours, especially between 2 and 4 hours, and for example equal to about 3 hours.
- the hydrogen peroxide is preferably introduced into the reaction system at the rate of 4.2 mmol per minute. This corresponds to a rate of addition of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide of 0.24 ml / min.
- the hydrogen peroxide is preferably introduced into the reaction system at a rate of 3.7 mmol per minute. This corresponds to a rate of addition of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide of 0.21 ml / min.
- the addition of hydrogen peroxide is preferably carried out with stirring, for example at a speed of 600 rpm.
- the process comprises, after the step of adding hydrogen peroxide in the reaction system, a step of stirring the reaction medium obtained for a duration greater than or equal to at 1 hour, and preferably at least 2 hours.
- a step of stirring the reaction medium obtained for a duration greater than or equal to at 1 hour, and preferably at least 2 hours.
- the total duration of the addition step of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction system and of the stirring step of the reaction medium obtained is greater than or equal to 4 hours, preferably between 5 and 7 hours.
- the step of adding hydrogen peroxide in the reaction system, and optionally the stirring step of the reaction medium obtained are carried out at a higher temperature. at 25 ° C, preferably between 50 and 85 ° C, and preferably between 50 and 75 ° C.
- a higher temperature at 25 ° C, preferably between 50 and 85 ° C, and preferably between 50 and 75 ° C.
- Such temperature ranges favor the stability of the emulsion which forms in the reaction system, and activates the ionic and nonionic entities at the interfaces of the phases of the reaction. the emulsion.
- a particularly preferred temperature range within the scope of the invention is the range from 55 to 75.degree. C., and more particularly from 65 to 75.degree. C., both for an epoxide reaction of the unsaturated fatty acid with oxygen. singlet, only for an allyl oxidation reaction of the unsaturated fatty acid by singlet oxygen insertion.
- the step of adding hydrogen peroxide in the reaction system, and optionally the stirring step of the reaction medium obtained are carried out at room temperature. a temperature between 0 and 60 ° C.
- the alcohol capable of compatibilizing the unsaturated fatty acid and the water, in particular to solubilize the unsaturated fatty acid is chosen from ethanol and methanol. It may otherwise be butanol, octanol, etc.
- the reaction system does not include ethylene glycol.
- the presence of the alcohol in the reaction system furthermore advantageously makes it possible to minimize the rise in temperature which occurs at the moment of the addition of hydrogen peroxide.
- a water / alcohol ratio of about 1: 1 will be more particularly preferred for the allylic oxidation reactions, while a water / alcohol ratio of about 1: 2 will be more particularly preferred for the epoxidation reactions.
- the unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid
- the alcohol is ethanol
- an oleic acid / water / ethanol volume ratio equal to 2/5/5 will be more particularly preferred for the allyl oxidation reactions, and a ratio equal to 1/1/2 will be more particularly preferred for epoxidation reactions.
- Such ratios make it possible in particular to obtain a particularly high yield of oxidation reactions, and a high reproducibility in the results obtained, in particular in pseudo-homogeneous catalysis or in fluid emulsion.
- Molybdate ions may be introduced into the reaction medium in salt form, for example sodium molybdate dihydrate.
- the molybdate ions are not in the reaction system in the form of a complex with an oxygen scavenging compound ("quenching agent").
- the molybdate ions are not in the form of a complex with 8-quinilinol, as is the case, for example, in the publication by Cai et al., 2009, cited above.
- Such complexes are indeed long and expensive to manufacture, and their elimination at the end of the reaction is also long and expensive to achieve.
- the molybdate ions are present in the reaction system in an amount in mol of between 4 and 9% relative to the number of moles of the unsaturated fatty acid to be oxidized, preferably between 6 and 9 mol% relative to the number of moles of said unsaturated fatty acid.
- Such a characteristic advantageously makes it possible to further increase the conversion rate of the unsaturated fatty acid, and to reduce the amount of by-products formed for each oxidation route chosen.
- the molybdate ions are preferably introduced into the reaction system in a molar amount.
- the molybdate ions are preferably introduced into the reaction system in a molar amount of about 8.8% relative to the number of moles of the unsaturated fatty acid to be oxidized.
- the hydrogen peroxide it is preferably introduced into the reaction system in a proportion of at least 6 molar equivalents, preferably at least 9 molar equivalents, relative to the unsaturated fatty acid.
- the rate of introduction of the hydrogen peroxide into the reaction system is preferably between 3 and 5 moles of hydrogen peroxide per minute. Such a rate of introduction is particularly advantageous in terms of the effectiveness of the oxidation reaction of the unsaturated fatty acid in the reaction system.
- the hydrogen peroxide is preferably introduced into the reaction system at a rate of at least 9 molar equivalents, preferably 9 to 13 molar equivalents, based on the unsaturated fatty acid.
- the hydrogen peroxide is preferably introduced into the reaction system at a rate of from 13 to 21 molar equivalents, preferably about 14 molar equivalents, based on the unsaturated fatty acid.
- the hydrogen peroxide may in particular be introduced into the reaction medium in the form of an aqueous solution, for example concentrated to 50% by volume of hydrogen peroxide.
- the process according to the invention can be implemented in pseudo-homogeneous catalysis or in a fluid emulsion, that is to say that the ions molybdates are in free form in the reaction system.
- the oxidation process is carried out in heterogeneous catalysis.
- the molybdate ions are present in the reaction system in the form supported by an organic anion exchange resin.
- the catalyst thus obtained is then advantageously easy to separate from the reaction system, and it can be reused for several successive oxidation cycles.
- the method according to the invention is therefore more economical to implement, and even easier because it requires fewer purification steps of the reaction products.
- a basic resin advantageously to adjust the pH of the reaction system without using additional exogenous base.
- resins that can be used in the context of the invention are copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene, such as the resin sold under the name Lewatit® K7367, or Lewatit® MP 600 resin, Amberlite® resin. IRA 410 or Amberlite® IR 120H resin.
- the process according to the invention has been applied for the allylic oxidation of oleic acid with, as catalyst in the reaction system, molybdate ions supported on the Lewatit® K7367 anion exchange resin.
- a conversion rate of the order of 100% was obtained, with regeneration of the catalyst without loss of efficiency over three cycles for the resin.
- Ion exchange resins which are particularly preferred in the context of the invention are macroporous type resins, which have in particular a good adsorption capacity for molybdate ions, and make it possible to obtain particularly high catalytic yields.
- the invention also extends to other types of resins, in particular to microporous resins, in gel form, etc.
- the adsorption step is carried out by bringing the resin into contact with an aqueous solution of molybdate ions.
- This contacting can be carried out in an acid medium as well as in a basic medium.
- the use of a basic medium is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to obtain a very good yield of the subsequent allyl oxidation reaction of the unsaturated fatty acid, without it being necessary. to add an exogenous base in the reaction medium.
- the process comprises a step of adsorbing the unsaturated fatty acid on the anion exchange resin supporting the molybdate ions, prior to the preparation step of the reaction system by bringing said resin into contact with the mixture of water and said alcohol.
- This step is preferably carried out in a dry medium, by contacting the resin supporting the molybdate ions with the unsaturated fatty acid, preferably under mild heating, for example at about 40 ° C.
- Such a characteristic advantageously increases the yield of the process according to the invention, applied to the allylic oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid, with respect to the modes of implementation in which the unsaturated fatty acid is introduced in free form into the system. reaction.
- the volume ratio of water to alcohol capable of compatibilizing the unsaturated fatty acid, including in its carboxylate form, and the water, in particular to solubilize the unsaturated fatty acid is preferably between 1: 4 and 1: 9, in particular about 1: 5.
- the unsaturated fatty acid is well irreversibly adsorbed by chemical and physical interactions with the anion exchange resin, and particularly high yields are obtained.
- Hydrogen peroxide is preferably introduced into the reaction system in an amount of greater than or equal to 5.3 mmol per minute. This corresponds to a rate of addition of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide greater than or equal to 0.30 ml / min.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise a final regeneration step of the resin supporting the molybdate ions, for a subsequent implementation.
- the oxidation process comprises a final step of reducing the residual hydrogen peroxide in the reaction medium, for example by means of sodium sulphite.
- the process according to the invention can be applied to the oxidation of any unsaturated fatty acid. It can in particular be applied to the oxidation of oleic acid, especially extracted from a sunflower oil, rapeseed, soybean, palm, etc., to synthesize a hydroxylated fatty acid of carbon chain C18.
- the unsaturated fatty acid may be selected from ⁇ -unsaturated fatty acids, such as undec-10-enoic acid, hydroxylated monounsaturated fatty acids, such as (E) -10-hydroxyoctadec-8- enoic acid, (E) -9-hydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid, (Z) -12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, long-chain carbon monounsaturated fatty acids, preferably C18: 1 to C24: 1, for example C20: 1 to C24: 1, such as (Z) -docos-13-enoic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially diunsaturated fatty acids, such as (9Z, 12Z) -octadecarbic acid; 9, 12-denoic.
- the unsaturated fatty acid may also consist of an unsaturated fatty acid ester chosen from:
- esters of fatty acids and of alkyl preferably C1-C12, such as, for example, methyl esters, ethyl esters, butyl esters, octyl esters or dodecyl esters, etc. ;
- the unsaturated fatty acid may be an unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester, or an unsaturated fatty acid ester of ethyl, or an unsaturated fatty acid ester and glycerol, or an ester unsaturated fatty acid and diglycerol.
- Such oleochemical bases advantageously play, in the reaction system, both the role of substrates and surfactants, nonionic or partially ionizable, forming in situ a fine emulsion or a translucent pseudo-homogeneous macroscopic system.
- the oxidation process according to the invention can also be applied to a single unsaturated fatty acid as well as to a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids.
- the water or alcohol is deuterated.
- the water and the alcohol are deuterated.
- Such a characteristic advantageously has the effect of increasing the yield of the reaction, by increasing the lifetime of the singlet oxygen which is formed in the reaction medium.
- the process is carried out at basic or neutral pH, particularly favoring the allyl oxidation reaction route of the unsaturated fatty acid
- the preparation of the reaction system comprises the succession of the following steps: mixture of the unsaturated fatty acid and an aqueous solution containing a base, in particular sodium hydroxide,
- Such a succession of steps is quite advantageous, in particular in that, initially, the mixture of unsaturated fatty acid and of the basic aqueous solution makes it possible to form the carboxylate form of the unsaturated fatty acid, which has surfactant properties.
- the presence of this carboxylate group increases the solubility in water of the fatty acid, and forms a particularly stable oil / water emulsion.
- a rise in temperature above 25 ° C, for example at 50 ° C, contributes to the stability of this emulsion.
- the molybdate ions introduced into the mixture then advantageously have a better solubility in the aqueous phase of the emulsion formed, which becomes less dense.
- a base preferably the same as that used in the first preparation step of the reaction system, is further introduced into the reaction medium during the addition of peroxide. of hydrogen so that the pH is always maintained in the desired range.
- This base is preferably introduced into the reaction medium in substantially pure form, in particular in solid form or, for the liquid bases, undiluted form, and at regular intervals throughout the duration of addition of hydrogen peroxide.
- Such a continual supply of the base in the reaction medium also contributes to maintaining the stability of the emulsion formed in the reaction medium by the carboxylate form of the unsaturated fatty acid. This advantageously has the effect of promoting the in situ production of singlet oxygen, and improving its lifetime in the reaction medium.
- the process is carried out at acidic pH, particularly favoring the epoxidation reaction pathway of the unsaturated fatty acid, preferably, the preparation of the reaction system comprises the succession of the following steps:
- the subsequent step of addition of hydrogen peroxide in the form of an aqueous solution brings important modifications in the reaction system.
- the supply of water which it entrains in the reaction medium has the effect of stabilizing the structure of the emulsion and of promoting exchanges of the peroxomolybdate complexes formed in the reaction medium, between the aqueous phase in which they are formed and the phase lipid where they oxidize the double bond of the fatty acid.
- the reaction of singlet oxygen with the unsaturated fatty acid leads to the formation of oxygenated fatty acids, whose physico-chemical properties differ from those of simple fatty acids.
- the presence of the oxygen function improves the solubility of these compounds in the solvents, which contributes to the in situ stability of the emulsion formed in the reaction medium.
- the present invention relates to a reaction system for the implementation of a process for the oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid according to the invention, this process answering in particular to one or more of the above characteristics. or below.
- This reaction system contains at least said unsaturated fatty acid and molybdate ions in a mixture of water and an alcohol capable of solubilizing said unsaturated fatty acid. It is also free of exogenous emulsifying agent.
- Such a reaction system advantageously constitutes an organized and stabilized system, particularly favorable for the production of singlet oxygen after addition of hydrogen peroxide, as close as possible to the unsaturated fatty acid to be oxidized, and to the oxidation reaction of this fatty acid unsaturated by this singlet oxygen.
- the reaction system according to the invention is particularly favorable for the oxidation of oleochemical bases and unsaturated triglycerides, at the oil / water interface, without assistance of any exogenous emulsifying agent.
- This reaction system may meet one or more of the characteristics described above with reference to the oxidation process according to the invention.
- the molybdate ions may be present in the form supported by an anion exchange resin.
- Such a reaction system in which the molybdate ions are hydrophobed by the unsaturated fatty acid, proves particularly effective for the in situ production and the accumulation of singlet oxygen, giving the latter a long life and a high reactivity.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of anion exchange resin supporting molybdate ions for the production of singlet oxygen.
- This resin may meet one or more of the characteristics described above with reference to the process for oxidizing an unsaturated fatty acid according to the invention.
- this anion exchange resin is preferably a macroporous resin. It is preferentially a basic resin.
- the anion exchange resin is subjected to a hydrophobation treatment, by adsorption of molecules of a hydrophobic compound, prior to its implementation for the production of singlet oxygen.
- This hydrophobation step is preferably carried out in a dry medium.
- the hydrophobic compound may in particular consist of an unsaturated fatty acid.
- the present invention relates, on the one hand, to a process for forming an allylic monoalcohol from an unsaturated fatty acid, and, on the other hand, to a process for forming a diol from of an unsaturated fatty acid, each of these processes implementing an oxidation process according to the invention, in particular responding to one or more of the above characteristics, in particular implemented, for the first, at basic pH or neutral, and in particular implemented for the second, at acidic pH.
- the present invention relates to a process for forming an allyl monoalcohol from an unsaturated fatty acid, comprising carrying out a method of oxidizing an unsaturated fatty acid with oxygen. singlet according to the invention, in particular carried out at basic or neutral pH, followed by a final reduction step, preferably in situ, of allyl hydroperoxide formed at the end of this oxidation process, preferably by introducing a solution of sodium sulfite or sodium borohydride into the reaction system.
- the present invention relates to a method of forming a diol from an unsaturated fatty acid, comprising carrying out a method of oxidizing an unsaturated fatty acid with singlet oxygen according to the invention, especially at acidic pH, followed by a final step of hydrolysis, preferably in situ, of the epoxide formed at the end of this oxidation process, preferably in acidic medium.
- diol include poly-diols which may be formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids by an oxidation process according to the invention, followed by a step of hydrolysis of the polyepoxides and obtained.
- the process for oxidizing an unsaturated fatty acid according to the invention may comprise a final stage of post-treatment, including in particular the addition of ethyl acetate in the reaction medium, the acidification to an acidic pH, in particular of about 4, and then the separation of the organic phase and the aqueous phase, preferably by centrifugation, and recovering the organic phase for drying and concentration, after any washing phases.
- the compounds obtained in accordance with the invention in particular oleophilic monohydroxyallyl compounds, which have the particular feature of possessing unconventional ethylenic groups resulting from the migration of double bonds, advantageously find application in many fields, such as the plastics, coatings, polymers, building, etc.
- the present invention relates to the ⁇ -hydroxy-epoxy fatty acids obtainable by a process singlet oxygen oxidation according to the present invention, from the hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids indicated below:
- FIG. 1 represents a graph showing the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO), the rate of epoxide formation (YEP) and the rate of formation of monoalcohols (YHFA) as a function of the molar ratio of molybdate ions / oleic acid; at the end of the implementation of a process for oxidation of oleic acid according to the invention at acidic pH;
- FIG. 1 represents a graph showing the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO), the rate of epoxide formation (YEP) and the rate of formation of monoalcohols (YHFA) as a function of the molar ratio of molybdate ions / oleic acid; at the end of the implementation of a process for oxidation of oleic acid according to the invention at acidic pH;
- FIG. 1 represents a graph showing the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO), the rate of epoxide formation (YEP) and the rate of formation of monoal
- FIG. 2 represents a graph showing the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO), the rate of epoxide formation (YEP) and the rate of formation of monoalcohols (YHFA) as a function of the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 / oleic acid AO, after the implementation of a process for oxidation of oleic acid according to the invention at acidic pH;
- XAO oleic acid
- YEP rate of epoxide formation
- YHFA monoalcohols
- FIG. 4 represents a graph showing the relative percentage of oxirane in the reaction medium at the end of the implementation of a process for epoxidation of oleic acid according to the invention, as a function of time and for different temperatures; the indicated values representing the average obtained over two tests;
- FIG. 5 represents a graph showing the percentage of hydroxy allylic compounds formed, as a function of the initial concentration of oleic acid (AO) in ethanol, after the implementation of an oxidation process.
- AO oleic acid
- FIG. 6 represents a graph showing the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO), the degree of formation of monoalcohols (YHFA) and the rate of formation of epoxide (YEP) as a function of the molar ratio of catalyst molybdate ions / acid oleic (AO), after the implementation of a process for oxidation of oleic acid according to the invention at basic pH;
- XAO oleic acid
- YHFA monoalcohols
- YEP epoxide
- FIG. 7 represents a graph showing the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO), the degree of formation of monoalcohols (YHFA) and the rate of formation of epoxide (YEP) as a function of the molar ratio H 2 O 2. / oleic acid (AO), after the implementation of a process for oxidation of oleic acid according to the invention at basic pH.
- XAO oleic acid
- YHFA monoalcohols
- YEP epoxide
- the GC analyzes were performed using a Varian 3900 GC capillary column instrument CP-Select CB for fused silica WCOT (50m x 0.25mm x 0.25 ⁇ ).
- the oven temperature program was as follows: 100 ° C for 5 min, then increase from 5 ° C / min to 180 ° C, hold at 180 ° C for 10 min, then increase to 45 ° C / min up to 250 ° C, and hold at 250 ° C for 8 min.
- the temperature of the injector was set at 250 ° C.
- the measurements were made in splitless and split split mode (ratio 1: 100) using helium as a carrier gas (flow 1, 2 ml / min).
- TMSH trimethylsulfonium hydroxide
- TBME tert-butyl methyl ether
- A.2 / Protocol for determining the epoxide number The oxirane oxygen content of each sample was determined using the direct method with a solution of 0.2 N hydrochloric acid in diethyl ether (adapted of the standard Cd 9-57). The procedure followed is as follows: 0.5 g of 9,10-epoxystearic acid are solubilized in 5 ml of diethyl ether, followed by 10 ml of 0.2 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) in diethyl ether. The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. At the end of the reaction, 50 ml of 95% ethanol are added. Titration of the unreacted HCl is performed with 0.1 N potassium hydroxide solution KOH in ethanol. A few drops of phenolphthalein indicator are also added. The percentage of oxirane content is thus calculated by known mathematical formulas.
- the general protocol of the method implemented is as follows.
- a precise amount of Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O and water are added and the mixture is stirred until complete solubilization of the catalyst.
- absolute ethanol and oleic acid are successively introduced into the reactor under stirring (600 rev / min "1).
- the whole mixture is then heated to 65 ° C.
- the pH of this reaction was between 4 and 6.
- An amount of 50% w / w aqueous H 2 0 2 solution is slowly added via an electric syringe pump over a period of several hours.
- reaction medium After stirring for a further 2 hours at 65 ° C., a saturated aqueous solution of sodium sulphite Na 2 SO 3 (8.89 g, 70.53 mmol) in 25 ml of water is added to the reaction medium, using a dropping funnel. The temperature of the medium is raised to 70 ° C and the agitation of the medium is maintained at the same speed (600 rpm) for 30 min. At the end of the reaction, the reaction medium is cooled to room temperature.
- the reaction medium is then subjected to the following post-treatment steps.
- a volume of 50 ml of ethyl acetate (AcOEt) is added to the reaction medium, which makes it possible to destabilize the emulsion and to solubilize the organic phase.
- HCI hydrochloric acid solution
- the aqueous and organic phases are separated by centrifugation at a speed of 5000xg for 10 min at 0 ° C.
- this step of the centrifugation technique is particularly advantageous because it effectively separates the aqueous phase and the organic phase, and the species present therein, by eliminating several washing steps of the process. reaction medium with chemical salts.
- This step is all the more important that during the oxidation reaction, so-called “salting in” and “salting out” phenomena occur, ie an organic phase solubilization in the phase aqueous, as well as a release of the catalyst from the aqueous phase to the organic phase.
- the oxidation process is carried out for different molar ratios of molybdate ions relative to oleic acid, between 1.1% and 10.1%.
- the other operating parameters are fixed as follows: molar ratio oleic acid / H 2 O 2 (1 / 5.6), addition rate of H 2 O 2 (0.17 ml / min), addition time of H 2 O 2 (4 hours).
- An ethanol / water volume ratio of 7/1 for a total volume of 70 ml is employed.
- the amount of oleic acid consumed and the amount of epoxide formed at the end of the reaction are determined by GPC, according to the protocol indicated above, as well as the amount of secondary reaction products which are the monoalcohols (HFA) resulting from the other oxidation route, the allylic oxidation route.
- the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO) and the rates of formation of epoxide (YEP) and monoalcohols (YHFA) are deduced. The results obtained are shown in FIG.
- the oxidation process is carried out for different molar ratios of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) relative to oleic acid (AO), of between 2.8 and 17.9 equivalents.
- H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide
- AO oleic acid
- a ternary system consisting of AO / EtOH / H 2 0 (4/7/1 v / v / v) with a slightly acidic pH (between 5 and 6) is used, in a total volume of ethanol and 70 ml water.
- the experiments are carried out for 1 hour and with a H 2 O 2 addition rate of 0.17 ml. min "1 .
- the amount of oleic acid consumed and the amount of epoxide formed at the end of the reaction are determined by GPC, according to the protocol indicated above, as well as the amount of secondary reaction products which are the monoalcohols (HFA) resulting from the other oxidation route (allylic oxidation route).
- the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO) and the rates of formation of epoxide (YEP) and monoalcohols (YHFA) are deduced. The results obtained are shown in FIG.
- the H 2 O 2 feedstock which maximizes oleic acid conversion and epoxide yield, is between 9.0 and 13.0 equivalents, as shown by the shaded area on the figure 2. Beyond, we observe a plateau. The reaction no longer evolves, and the epoxide formed tends to slightly degrade by opening its oxirane ring to give the corresponding diol. For example, at 1 1, 3 eq. in H 2 O 2 , a total conversion of oleic acid is observed for a yield of 81.4% in 9,10-epoxystearic acid.
- the other operating parameters are fixed as follows: molar ratio of molybdate ions relative to oleic acid (6.6%), amount of oleic acid (62.0 mmol), total amount of hydrogen peroxide (solution 50% w / w aqueous, 745.0 mmol, 12.0 equiv). An ethanol / water volume ratio of 7/1 for a total volume of 70 ml is employed. The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below.
- the amount of oleic acid consumed and the amount of epoxide formed at the end of the reaction are determined by GC, according to the protocol indicated above, as well as the amount of residual hydrogen peroxide.
- the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO) and epoxide formation rates (YEP) are deduced for each sample. The results obtained are shown in FIG. These results show that a duration of 120 min is sufficient for an almost complete decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and for a total conversion of oleic acid and epoxidized fatty acid at high yields (84.6%).
- the reaction conditions are as follows: AO (62.0 mmol, 1 eq), H 2 O 2 (745.0 mmol, 12.0 eq.), Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O (6.6 mol). % relative to AO), oleic acid / ethanol / water (4/7/1 v / v / v), for a flow rate of 0.24 ml. min -1 H 2 O 2 , stirring for 7 h.
- each sample is determined using the direct method with a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCI) in diethyl ether described in A.2 / above
- HCI hydrochloric acid
- the iodine number is determined using a Wijs solution.
- the content of each sample taken made it possible to plot the curves of the relative percentage of oxirane formed over time, illustrated in FIG.
- a recycling test of the Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O catalyst is carried out.
- the reaction carried out according to the optimized operating parameters described above, is stopped at the end after 5 hours of reaction, then the medium is allowed to cool to ambient temperature, without the addition of sodium sulfite. Then, the medium is centrifuged at a rate of 5000xg at 0 ° C for 25 min. The gray solid on the pellet is recovered and reused for a new oxidation reaction according to the same protocol. It is in parallel carried out a so-called white test, without catalyst.
- the epoxidation process carried out under the optimum conditions defined above is evaluated on larger amounts of oleic acid (100 g and 200 g).
- the reaction is conducted in a batch reactor of 2 L jacketed with a thermometer, so as to control the temperature of the reaction medium.
- the results obtained, in terms of oleic acid conversion rate, epoxide formation rate and monoalcohols formation rate (concurrent allylic oxidation route) are shown in Table 5 below.
- a process for forming a diol from oleic acid is carried out by the following two successive steps, according to the reaction scheme B indicated above.
- reaction medium After stirring for a further 2 hours at 65 ° C., a saturated aqueous solution of sodium sulphite Na 2 SO 3 (8.89 g, 70.53 mmol) in 25 ml of water is added to the reaction medium by means of a dropping funnel. The temperature of the medium is raised to 70 ° C and stirring of the medium is maintained at the same speed (600 rpm) for 30 minutes. At the end of the reaction, the reaction medium is cooled to room temperature.
- the reaction medium is then subjected to the post-treatment described above.
- an aqueous solution of 0.5 N ethanolic sulfuric acid is slowly added in the medium to a pH value between 1 and 2 (Midnight blue color of the middle).
- the reaction mixture is stirred under heat (50 ° C.) for 2 hours.
- Then added to the reaction mixture under stirring 25 ml of an aqueous solution of Na 2 S0 3 (8.94 g, 0.07 mol) and 100 ml of petroleum ether.
- the ether phase is separated by centrifugation (5000xg speed at 5 ° C for 15 min).
- An oxidation process according to the invention is applied to various other unsaturated fatty acids, more particularly: l'-unsaturated fatty acid (acid undec-10- enoic), hydroxylated fatty acids ((E) -10-hydroxyoctadec-8-enoic, (E) -9-hydroxyoctadec-10-enoic, and (Z) -12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic) acids, a fatty acid with a very long carbon chain ((Z) -docos-13-enoic), but also on a diunsaturated fatty acid ((9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9,12-denoic acid).
- a saturated aqueous solution of sodium sulphite Na 2 SO 3 (15.63 g, 124 mmol) in 50 ml of water is added to the reaction medium still at 65 ° C., by means of a dropping funnel, so as to reduce the residual hydrogen peroxide, as well as the hydroperoxides of oleic acid formed in the reaction medium (the latter reduction reaction to produce the targeted monoalcohols).
- the middle temperature rises to 70 ° C and stirring of the medium is maintained at the same speed (600 rev / min "1) for a period of 30 min to 1 h.
- reaction medium is then subjected to a post-treatment identical to that described above in part B /. E.2 / pH variation
- the alkali of the systems is obtained in the following manner: the oleic acid is pre-mixed in the alkaline water consisting of 0.5 g of sodium hydroxide NaOH (0.2 eq.) And 35 ml of milli-Q water. . In order to avoid foaming, the mixture is heated to 50 ° C until a slight lightening of the initially cloudy medium. Then, the necessary amount of Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O and ethanol are added successively. Another 1.5 g of solid sodium hydroxide are added during the addition of H 2 0 2 in order to maintain the basic pH.
- reaction conditions are as follows: H 2 O / EtOH (1/1 v / v), AO (62.0 mmol, 1 eq), H 2 O 2 (50%, 350.0 mmol, 5, 6 eq.), Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O (4.4 mol% relative to AO).
- Table 7 shows the values of the oleic acid conversion rate, the monoalcohol formation rate, and the epoxide formation rate (concurrent oleic acid epoxidation route) recorded in FIG. absence of soda and in the presence of soda.
- the fine emulsion formed by this system benefits from the stability provided by the surfactant properties of the oleic acid salt (R- COO ", Na +) and co-surfactant properties of ethanol.
- this system the presence of ethanol advantageously reduces the rise in temperature of the reaction medium at the time of addition of hydrogen peroxide.
- the initial concentration of oleic acid in ethanol is varied. Efficiency is expressed as the amount of hydroxy allylic compounds formed in the reaction crude.
- Efficiency is expressed as the amount of hydroxy allylic compounds formed in the reaction crude.
- oleic acid concentrations of less than 1. 7 mol.L -1 in ethanol, a quantity of sodium hydroxide is adjusted in the aqueous phase to maintain the pH between 9.0 and 9.5, the results obtained being shown. in FIG. 5.
- the hydroxylated fatty acid amounts obtained show that a concentration of oleic acid in ethanol of between 1.0 mol.L -1 and 1.5 mol.L -1 (illustrated by the shaded zone in Figure 5) promotes better synthesis of allylic hydroxyl fatty acids.
- the initial concentration of 1.24 mol ⁇ L -1 of oleic acid in ethanol is retained for the following experiments: More particularly, the optimized reaction system used in the following experiments comprises: oleic acid, ethanol and water in the ratio 2/5/5 by volume.
- the experiments are carried out at amounts of sodium hydroxide of between 0.8 and 2 equivalents relative to oleic acid.
- the operating protocol consists in preparing a basic aqueous solution with 0.2 equivalents of NaOH as described above, the remainder of the sodium hydroxide being added simultaneously with hydrogen peroxide.
- the operating conditions are as follows: AO (62.0 mmol, 1 eq.), H 2 O 2 (50%, 350.0 mmol, 5.6 eq.), Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O (4, 4 mol% relative to AO), flow rate of H 2 O 2 0.17 ml. min -1 and addition time 4 h.
- the amount of oleic acid consumed and the amount of monoalcohols formed at the end of the reaction are determined by GPC, according to the protocol indicated above, as well as the amount of secondary reaction products which are the epoxides resulting from the other route. oxidation, the epoxidation route.
- the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO) and the rates of epoxide formation (YEP) and monoalcohols (YHFA) are deduced. The results obtained are shown in Table 8 below.
- reaction media are prepared according to four different protocols. All tests are carried out with a molar ratio of AO / NaOH corresponding to 1/1, 3. The addition of H 2 O 2 and the post-reaction treatments are identical to those described in the previous experiment.
- Protocol 1 This protocol consists of preparing beforehand 62 mmol of oleic acid in 50 ml of a basic aqueous solution containing 0.2 equivalents of NaOH (0.0124 N) at 50 ° C. After a slight lightening of the initially cloudy medium, 50 ml of absolute EtOH and 4.4 mol% of Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O are added successively. At 65 ° C., 5.6 eq. Of 50% aqueous H 2 O 2 and 1.1 eq. of NaOH are introduced into the medium simultaneously. After different washing of the reaction medium at the end of the reaction, the organic phase gives a clear and thick yellow oil.
- reaction yields are lower.
- carboxylic groups of free fatty acids oleic acid
- carboxylate groups of fatty acid salt sodium oleate
- the fatty carboxylic acid / fatty acid salt equilibrium of the reaction system would give it an appropriate character for in situ production of 1 O 2 , its accumulation, its reactivity and its regioselective allylic insertion on oleic acid.
- HFA oleic acid
- YEP epoxide formation
- YHFA monoalcohols
- the amount of oleic acid consumed and the amount of monoalcohols (HFA) formed at the end of the reaction are determined by GPC, according to the protocol indicated above, as well as the amount of secondary reaction products which are the epoxides resulting from the reaction. Another oxidation route, the epoxidation route.
- the conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO) and the rates of epoxide formation (YEP) and monoalcohols (YHFA) are deduced. The results obtained are shown in FIG. 7.
- the amount of H 2 O 2 is set at a value which makes it possible to obtain high yields of HFA: 14.1 eq. of H 2 O 2 relative to oleic acid, in a reaction system comprising AO / EtOH / H 2 O (2/5/5 v / v / v). This corresponds to a total reaction time of 7 h and a 5 hour H 2 O 2 addition time at a rate of 0.17 mL.min -1 .
- the molar ratios of the various species in the presence are the following: AO / NaOH / EtOH / H 2 O / Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O (1/1, 3 / 13.8 / 44.7 / 0.088).
- the operating parameters are as follows: AO (62.0 mmol, 1 eq.), NaOH (80.6 mmol, 1.3 eq.) (24.8 mmol NaOH (ie 0.4 eq.) Initially, then 0.9 eq at the same time as hydrogen peroxide), H 2 O 2 (874.0 mmol, 14.1 eq.), Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O (8.8 mol% relative to AO), H 2 O 2 addition rate (0.21 ml / min).
- Table 1 1 - Influence of the temperature on a process of allylic oxidation of oleic acid by insertion of singlet oxygen according to the invention
- a 50% w / w aqueous solution of H 2 0 2 (29.72 g, 874.00 mmol) is then added via an electric syringe pump over a period of 4 hours (0.21 ml. "1).
- an amount of solid sodium hydroxide (2.50 g, 62.50 mmol) was added in the reaction medium, by fraction of 104.2 mg / 10 min, in order to maintain the pH between 10 and 12.
- the reaction is stirred for a further 2 hours at the end of the reaction, a saturated aqueous sodium sulfite solution Na 2 SO 3 (15.63 g, 124 g).
- this double bond has a hydroxy function in the allyl position, it has well produced an allyl oxidation of oleic acid.
- Infrared spectrometric analysis shows the appearance of a band at 3405 cm- 1 characteristic of a -OH function and also reveals that the 724 cm-1 band characteristic of the cis-carbon double-carbon bond disappeared and a new 968 cm- 1 band appeared: this band is characteristic of a trans-carbon-carbon double bond.
- the migration of the double bond is established by the oxidation of undec-10-enoic acid under the same conditions used for oleic acid and described in point E.10 / above. It is observed that the addition of hydrogen peroxide in the medium consisting of undec-10-eneoc acid / NaOH / EtOH / H 2 O / Na 2 MoO 4 in the molar ratio 1 / 0.8 / 13.8 / 44.7 / 0.088 leads to a total conversion of the substrate and the formation of 3 oxygenated products.
- the products are isolated by chromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate / cyclohexane 50/50 v / v) and the structural analysis of the compounds is carried out by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and by 1 H and 13 C NMR.
- IR infrared spectroscopy
- the proton NMR characterization identified two 71% hydroxy allyl, including (E) -1 1-hydroxyundec-9-enoic (51%) and (E) -9-hydroxyundec-10-enoic ( 20%), and an epoxide, 9- (oxiran-2-yl) nonanoic acid at 20%.
- This structural characterization reveals that the process according to the invention is suitable for allylic oxidation or epoxidation of undec-10-enoic acid.
- the 1 H and 13 C NMR analyzes reveal the expected product, (E) -1 1 -hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid, corresponding to the formation of an allyl primary monoalcohol.
- the doublet at 4.49 ppm in 1 H NMR and the peak at 68.5 ppm in 13 C NMR indicate the presence of a hydroxyl group carried by a carbon in the sp 3 hybridization state.
- the detection of singlet oxygen in the reaction medium is carried out using an indirect and qualitative method. This is the use of deuterated water (D 2 0) instead of water (H 2 O) in the oleic acid-ethanol-water reaction system. This experiment uses the fact that the lifetime of the singlet oxygen 1 0 2 is 15 times longer in D 2 0 than in H 2 O. Different contents in D 2 0 were tested, under the operating conditions: AO (62.0 mmol, 1 eq), H 2 O 2 (50%, 350.0 mmol, 5.6 eq), NaOH (1.3 eq (a), 0.4 eq (b) and 0.2 eq (c)), Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O (8.8 mol% relative to AO). Table 12 below shows the results obtained in terms of conversion rate of oleic acid (XAO), rate of formation of monoalcohols (YHFA) and rate of formation of epoxides (YEP) (concurrent reaction of epoxidation ).
- XAO
- the allyl oxidation process carried out under the optimum conditions defined above is evaluated on larger amounts of oleic acid (100 g, 200 g and 500 g).
- the reaction is carried out in a closed jacketed 3 L batch reactor equipped with a thermometer in such a way as to control the temperature of the reaction medium.
- the experiments are carried out according to the protocol described according to the optimal protocol described in point E.1 0 / above.
- suitable conditions were used (H 2 O 2 (50%, 18.3 eq.), 75 ° C., 11 h, 1200 rpm ). 1 ).
- the resin-MoO 4 2 - material is prepared by wet impregnation according to the following procedure: In a 1-liter reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a light bulb bromine, 50.0 g of resin are placed, then 250 ml of a concentrated aqueous solution of Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O at 0.50 mol / l are poured dropwise at room temperature, with stirring. (200 tr.min "1) for 2 h. The medium is then stirred for 4 hours. Then, the whole is transferred to an incubator equipped with a stirring table (202 movements / min) for 44 hours at room temperature. The impregnated resin is then washed and dried according to the protocol above.
- the resin-MoO 4 2 - material is regenerated in the form of -OH with the aid of a concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- M In a 1 liter batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a dropping funnel, 100.0 g of resin are weighed, then 300 ml of the sodium hydroxide solution (2 M) at room temperature under stirring (200 tr.min "1) for 2 h. After the addition of the alkaline solution, the medium is stirred for 2 hours. The impregnated resin is then washed and dried according to the protocol described above. It can be reused in a new cycle of MoO 4 2 " adsorption and allyl oxidation experiments.
- Lewatit® K7367 marketed by Lanxess.
- This strongly basic resin is formed of a matrix of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (DVB) carrying functional groups of quaternary ammonium type (-N + (CH 3 ) 3) which enable it to graft MoO 4 2 " anions.
- its macroporous structure (63-68% by mass in water) offers good accessibility of sites with the MoO 4 2 " anion and the long-chain hydrocarbon substrate.
- the exchange capacity C e of this resin was determined, by a conventional method in itself, at a value equal to 1. 19 ⁇ 0.03 eq.L -1 .
- the exact operating capacity of the resin is 0.484 mmol of M00 4 2 ions per gram of resin.
- the degree of conversion of the oleic acid and the degree of formation of monoalcohol are determined as described above.
- An oleic acid conversion level of 88.3% and an allylic mono-alcohols formation rate of 58.9% are thus determined.
- the influence of the addition of an exogenous base on the yield of the reaction was also analyzed.
- oleic acid AO (1 eq.), H 2 0 2 (50%, 12.2 eq.), Resin (20.0 g), temperature (50.degree. ° C), total duration (6 hours), agitation (400 tr.min "1), and by varying the proportions AO / EtOH / h 2 0, with or without exogenous addition of sodium hydroxide as a source of alkalinity.
- XAO oleic acid conversion
- YHFA monoalcohols
- Table 14 - monoalcohols yield an allylic oxidation process of oleic acid by singlet oxygen in heterogeneous catalysis according to the invention - a reaction at 65 ° C
- the adsorption of oleic acid on the resin is carried out by wet impregnation, according to the protocol below.
- 20.00 grams of resin is placed supporting MoO 4 2- ions ", and is added slowly with slow stirring (200 tr.min” 1) an emulsion consisting of 20.00 g of oleic acid and 50 ml of water. Then the medium is stirred for 24 hours at 40 ° C to promote contacting and adsorption of oleic acid on the resin.
- the resin beads are swollen and the reaction system is composed of three phases in the reactor: in the lower phase, a mixture of oil and resin, in the middle, a whitish aqueous phase, and in the upper phase a layer of yellow oil.
- the pH of this reaction system is equal to 6.39 after the implementation of the oxidation process.
- the degree of conversion of oleic acid is 100%, and the degree of formation of the allyl monoalcohols is equal to 72.5%.
- a similar experiment, in which the oleic acid has been brought into contact with the resin supporting the molybdate ions for a period of 48 h (instead of the 24 h previously described) makes it possible to obtain an allylic monoalcohol formation rate equal to 79.3%.
- the adsorption of oleic acid on the resin is carried out by dry impregnation, according to the general protocol described above.
- an oleic acid conversion rate of 100% is obtained, and a degree of formation of the allyl monoalcohols equal to 100% also.
- the recycling of the resin-MoO 4 2 "material is evaluated over three cycles of oxidation reaction of the oleic acid with or without regeneration of the resin, for which purpose an adsorption step of the resin is carried out.
- oleic acid by the resin according to the general protocol described above, then the oxidation process with singlet oxygen, also according to the general protocol described above, with the difference that after the filtration of the resin, this The last is washed with an additional 50 ml of ethanol for 1 hour to liberate all the organic molecules at 40 ° C.
- the resin is then filtered, dried under vacuum and then in an oven (45 ° C.) for 1 hour.
- the supported molybdate ions are favorable for the formation, accumulation of singlet oxygen and its reactivity, as demonstrated by the recycling of the molybdate ion support resins.
- Example F The general protocols described in Example F / above are applied to the oxidation of other monounsaturated fatty acids, more specifically: a acide-unsaturated fatty acid (undec-10-enoic acid), a hydroxylated fatty acid (acid (Z) -12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic), a fatty acid with a very long carbon chain ((Z) -docos-13-enoic), and a diunsaturated fatty acid (acid (9Z, 12Z) - octadeca-9, 12-déno ⁇ que).
- the process has also been applied to monounsaturated fatty acid esters: glycerol monooleate and methyl oleate.
- Example E.10 The optimized protocol described in Example E.10 / above is applied to the oxidation of: (Z) -12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, (Z) -docos-13-enoic acid, acid (9Z , 12Z) -octadeca-9,12-denoic acid, glycerol monooleate and methyl oleate.
- the exact operating conditions are as follows: H 2 O 2 / MoO 4 2 " (14.1 eq, 8.8%) and fatty acid / Ethanol / water mixture (2/5/5 v / v / v).
- reaction system according to the present invention is well suited for the allylic oxidation of all the selected substrates.
- the monoalcohol formation yield from the glycerol monooleate is furthermore substantially quantitative with respect to the amount of hydrolyzed raw material.
- Such an advantageous result can probably be explained by the quality of the very fine and stable emulsion formed by the reaction system according to the invention incorporating glycerol monooleate as unsaturated fatty acid, which plays in particular in the system. reaction, a role of nonionic surfactant.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1654776A FR3051790B1 (fr) | 2016-05-27 | 2016-05-27 | Procede d’oxydation d’un acide gras insature et systeme reactionnel pour la mise en œuvre d’un tel procede |
| PCT/FR2017/051324 WO2017203191A1 (fr) | 2016-05-27 | 2017-05-29 | Procédé d'oxydation d'un acide gras insaturé et système réactionnel pour la mise en œuvre d'un tel procédé |
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| AT502537B1 (de) * | 2005-10-13 | 2007-08-15 | Dsm Fine Chem Austria Gmbh | Verfahren zur oxidation von organischen substraten mittels singlet sauerstoff bei hohen reaktionstemperaturen |
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2016
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