Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
  • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
  • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
  • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
  • B41J2/01—Ink jet
  • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
  • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
  • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
  • B41J3/40731—Holders for objects, e. g. holders specially adapted to the shape of the object to be printed or adapted to hold several objects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
  • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
  • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
  • B41J3/40733—Printing on cylindrical or rotationally symmetrical objects, e. g. on bottles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
  • B41J3/54—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed with two or more sets of type or printing elements
  • B41J3/543—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed with two or more sets of type or printing elements with multiple inkjet print heads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
  • B65B35/00—Supplying, feeding, arranging or orientating articles to be packaged
  • B65B35/10—Feeding, e.g. conveying, single articles
  • B65B35/16—Feeding, e.g. conveying, single articles by grippers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for printing on containers and to a method for printing on containers.
• Devices for printing containers are known in different designs.
• printing systems for printing on containers using digital ink jet or ink jet printing heads are known.
• printing systems or printing machines eg DE 10 2007 050 490 A1
• a plurality of treatment or printing stations for receiving in each case a container to be printed are formed on a at least one vertical axis driven transport element, where the container under Use of electronically controllable, operated by the inkjet or ink-jet principle digital printheads are printed.
• a problem with known printing devices is that so far the positionally precise superimposition of the partial printing images to form a total print image information for rotational orientation of the container to be printed on a central machine network are transmitted. Due to the large number of processing units and at high processing speeds (printed containers per unit of time), undesired delays in the transmission of the information necessary for the orientation may occur, so that undesired erroneous or inaccurate print images may occur. Proceeding from this, it is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus for printing on containers, by means of which a positionally accurate printing with respect to the rotational position of the container is possible even at high processing speeds.
• the invention relates to a device for printing on containers.
• the device has a container transport path, on which the containers are moved for treatment in a transport direction from a container inlet to a container outlet.
• the container transport path has a plurality of transport elements that can be driven circumferentially around a vertical machine axis and in each case have a plurality of printing stations.
• the containers are held, centered and / or controlled by means of a holding and centering unit.
• the containers are forwarded together with the holding and centering unit for their printing from a first transport element to a subsequent second transport element.
• the printing stations of a first transport element are designed to define a printing position, and the application of a first partial printed image to the containers takes place at the printing stations of this first transport element.
• communication means are provided for direct, wireless transfer of a value defining the printing position from a printing station of the first transport element to a printing station of the second transport element.
• These communication means are in particular wireless optical data transmission means of the free space transmission technology, which are designed as optical communication interfaces, in particular as infrared communication interfaces.
• the printing station of the second transport element is designed to receive the value defining the printing position, or in each case two printing stations have corresponding optical transmitters and receivers.
• there is below a wireless data transfer an optical point-to-point data transmission means of light understood, in particular by means of light in the wavelength range of so-called near infrared, primarily in the range of infrared A (IR-A) wavelengths from 0.78 to 1, 4 ⁇ .
• IR-A infrared A
• the printing station of the second transporting member for printing on the container is formed on a container wall portion based on the received value defining the printing position.
• defining a printing position is meant, on the one hand, a deterministic process that determines the printing of the container before the container is printed, for example, by defining a rotational position value at which the printed image (beginning of the printed image, middle of the image) is defined
• setting a print position also means that the first partial print image is printed on the container at an arbitrary position (non-deterministic) and an information defining this arbitrary position as the print position of this first partial print image applying printing station is passed on to the subsequent printing station.
• the printing device has the decisive advantage that the forwarding of the value defining the printing position (hereinafter also referred to as printing position value) does not have to take place via a central machine network, via which a plurality of printing stations transmit their respective printing position values, but that a targeted, direct transmission of the respective printing position Print position value from one printing station to the next.
• printing position value the value defining the printing position
• time delays due to a plurality of information to be transmitted can be effectively avoided, and thus the operation of the printing process consisting of a plurality of partial print images can be improved.
• the device for determining a printing position is in each case individually for each container held on a holding and centering unit and for the specific passing on of a printing position value defining this printing position formed on the respective container printing printing stations.
• the printing position value valid for this combination is determined and forwarded to the printing stations.
• the device for targeted transfer of the printing position value is formed only at those printing stations at which the printing of the respective container is completed.
• the holding and centering unit has a coding for determining the rotational position of the container held on the holding and centering unit.
• the coding can be provided, for example, on a portion of the holding and centering unit that rotates with the container. For example, a value of this coding or a value derived from this coding is passed on as the print position value.
• the container can be driven into a desired rotational position determined by the printing position value and printed on it based on the coding. In one embodiment, those provided at the printing stations
• Communication means formed by an optical communication interface, in particular by an infrared communication interface.
• infrared communication interfaces has the advantage that they work very reliably even with disturbing external influences, for example disturbing electromagnetic radiation, so that a high degree of operational reliability can be achieved.
• the printing stations are configured such that the transfer of the printing position value takes place at a time in which a
• Print station of the first transport element and a printing station of the subsequent transport element for transferring the container to be printed are immediately adjacent and facing each other. In the face of the
• Printing stations are their outer peripheral side arranged end faces adjacent to each other or lie directly opposite to the holding and centering unit of a printing station to pass to the next printing station.
• Opposite can be used to targeted by means
• Nahkommunikationsmitteln to transmit the information relating to the printing position value.
• the infrared communication interfaces provided at the respective printing stations lie directly opposite one another, so that the information relating to the printing position value can be transmitted.
• the printing stations are formed by entirely replaceable printing modules.
• the printing modules can contain all necessary for printing the container functional elements and in particular also be pre-calibrated.
• the printing station can have a memory unit for storing calibration information, by means of which the printing module can be calibrated after insertion into the device. As a result, the maintainability of the device is significantly improved and reduces the downtime for defects.
• each print engine has communication means for transmitting and receiving the print position value. This can be done by anyone
• Print module received by him to align the container required printing position value and forward it to the subsequent printing module.
• the print module has an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver for transmitting the print position value.
• the printing position value can be received by a printing module preceding it in the transport direction and subsequently transmitted further by the infrared transmitter.
• the printing modules have at least one print head and means for holding and releasing a holding and centering unit.
• the means for holding and re-releasing the holding and centering unit are formed for example by a receptacle into which a holding and centering unit can be introduced and releasably fastened, for example by an electromagnet can be fixed.
• the printing modules have all the components both for positionally accurate fixation as well as for printing on the container.
• the printing modules each have a housing or a support element, which for releasable coupling with a support structure of a
• Transport element is formed.
• Quick connection mechanism be provided for the positionally accurate arrangement of the printing module on the support structure and for easy interchangeability of
• Print modules is formed. This in turn significantly improves the maintainability of the device.
• the printing modules are circumferentially adjoining each other to the transport element fixed.
• the transport element fixed.
• Print modules an outer peripheral side provided on the respective transport element printing module wreath on which by the pressure modules each
• the printing modules have at least one interface which is designed to be coupled to at least one appropriate interface provided for transporting the printing module with electrical energy, printing ink and for transmitting control information.
• Hiebei may be provided a single interface, by means of which the electrical and fluidic coupling between the printing module and the transport element is effected or it may be provided several interfaces, for example, a first interface, which causes the transmission of electrical energy and control information and a second interface, which causes the transfer of printing ink.
• the invention relates to a method for printing on containers by means of a printing device, the method comprising the following steps:
• Transport element Printing the container with a partial print image at the printing station of the first transport element based on the specified
• Print station of the first transport element to a printing station of the second transport element by wireless communication means; and ⁇ printing the container with another partial print image on the
• the value defining the printing position is transmitted by means of an infrared communication interface, specifically when the printing station of the first transport element and the printing station of the second transport element are facing each other for the transfer of the container to be printed.
• the pressure position value can also be transmitted during the transfer process of the container.
• containers are understood to mean all containers, in particular bottles, cans etc.
• the term “substantially” or “approximately” in the sense of the invention means deviations from the exact value by +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5% and / or deviations in the form of changes that are insignificant for the function.
• FIG. 1 shows an example of a printing device in a perspective view
• FIG. 2a by way of example a printing device in a schematic plan view
• FIG. 2b shows by way of example and schematically the transport path through a printing device in a schematic plan view
• FIG. 3 shows by way of example a plurality of printing elements arranged on a transport element in a perspective view
• FIG. 4 shows by way of example a printing module with a retaining and holding device arranged thereon
• the device generally designated by the reference numeral 1 in Figure 1 is used for applying an imprint or multiple printing on container 2, for example in the form of bottles, either directly on the outer or outer surface of the wall of the container 2 or on there already applied, for example provided with a partial equipment labels.
• container 2 of the device 1 or their container inlet 1 .1 fed via an outer conveyor upright in a transport direction A then move within the device 1 on a multiple arcuately deflected transport path.
• the Container 2 continues to be supplied upright at a container outlet 1 .2 via an outer conveyor for further use.
• the transport path of the packaging means 2 during feeding, when moving through the device 1 and when removing it from the device 1 is indicated schematically in FIGS. 2a and 2b by TW.
• the device 1 comprises a plurality of machine units 3.1 - 3.n directly adjoining one another in the transport direction A, specifically in the illustrated embodiment of a total of eight machine units 3.1 - 3.8, wherein all machine units 3.1 - 3.8 are each formed by an identical basic unit 4, which is equipped with the functional elements necessary for the specific task of the respective machine unit 3.1 - 3.8.
• Each basic unit 4 includes i.a.
• the transport element 6 is preferably designed such that on its circumference a plurality of similar treatment modules can be attached to it in order to equip the respective machine unit 3.1-3.8 for a specific functionality.
• the treatment modules may be pre-treatment modules (designed to sterilize the containers, etc.), printing modules (e.g., for printing on the inkjet-type containers, etc.) or post-treatment modules (e.g., curing units for drying the printed image, inspection units, etc.).
• Each treatment module has means for holding and releasing again a holding and centering unit 10, which is designed to hold and center a container 2 to be printed.
• a holding and centering unit 10 there is a receptacle on the treatment module to which a holding and centering unit 10 can be detachably fastened.
• the transport elements 6 of the individual machine units 3.1 - 3.8 are arranged adjacent to each other directly and transportable and driven in opposite directions, but synchronously so that these transport elements 6 in their entirety form a transport device with which the container 2 within the printing device 1 on the in the figure 2b shown repeatedly deflected transport path TW between the container inlet 1 .1 and the container outlet 1 .2 are moved.
• the individual containers 2 are in each case forwarded directly from the transport element 6 of a machine unit 3.1 - 3.7 to the transport element 6 of the machine unit 3.2 - 3.8 following in the direction of transport A.
• the basic function of the individual machine units 3.1 - 3.8 is, for example, the following:
• the machine unit 3.1 forms i.a. the inlet unit of the printing device. 1
• a pretreatment of the container 2 takes place at least on the packaging area to be printed
• a plasma or corona treatment which is particularly useful when the application of the multiple pressure in the
• the machine units 3.2-3.6 which are connected to the machine unit 3.1 form the actual printing units with a plurality of printing stations arranged peripherally, on which the multiple printing takes place, preferably as color printing in the form that at each machine unit 3.2-3.6 a partial image, for example a color set of one Color printing is printed, for example in white, yellow, magenta, cyan and black.
• the machine unit 3.7 is e.g. designed as a drying unit, in
• the last machine unit 3.8 forms the outlet unit or the container outlet 1 .2 of the device 1, at which the finished printed containers 2 leave the device 1.
• the machine unit 3.8 may preferably also be designed as a drying module.
• the containers 2 with the transport elements 6 of the machine units 3.1 and 3.8 are each moved over an angular range of approximately 90 ° about the vertical machine axis MA of the machine units 3.1 and 3.8.
• the packaging means 2 are carried along with the respective transport element 6 over an angular range of approximately 180 ° about the vertical machine axis MA of the machine units 3.2-3.7.
• this angular range or within this distance of the rotational movement of the respective transport element 6 takes place in particular in the modules 3.1 - 3.7 of the respective machine unit associated process (pretreatment, printing, curing).
• the machine units 3.1 - 3.n as shown in Figures 3 and 4, a plurality of treatment modules or treatment segments trained treatment units, each as a complete functional units or modules on a rotatably driven about the respective vertical axis MA rotor the respective machine unit 3.1 - 3.n are mounted interchangeable.
• the rotor can in this case in particular be continuously circulating or intermittently driven.
• the treatment modules are provided on the circumference of the rotor, preferably in such a way that the treatment modules are formed like a cake piece or wedge-like in plan view and in the circumferential direction of the rotor connect to each other such that the Treatment modules of a machine unit 3.1 - 3. n form a circular ring (see Fig. 3).
• the treatment modules are printing modules 7, ie designed for printing on a container 2.
• the treatment modules form on their relative to the machine axis MA radially outer side each have a recess 7.1, in which the containers 2 are at least partially received during the treatment, preferably in the region of its container top or container mouth hanging and centering units 1 0 hanging held, ie oriented with its container vertical axis in the vertical direction and parallel to the machine axis MA.
• the holding and centering units 1 0 are in turn each held, for example, on a support 1 1, which is fastened in the associated lateral grooves 1 2.
• the carrier 1 1 can be moved or moved in the manner of a slide in the grooves 1 2, for example driven by suitable drive means, in order to ensure adaptation to different container formats.
• the holding and centering units 1 0, are preferably used for holding and centering a container 2 and also for the controlled turning or pivoting thereof.
• the holding and centering units 10 during the treatment or during printing of the containers 2, an alignment and controlled turning or pivoting of the containers 2 about their container vertical axis.
• the holding and centering units 1 0 in the illustrated embodiment essentially consist of a primary part 1 0.1, which is held on the respective carrier 1 1, as well as a secondary part 1 0.2.
• the primary part 1 0.1 essentially serves the secure and aligned attachment of the respective holding and centering unit 10 to the treatment module, in particular the carrier 11 or the receptacle on the treatment module.
• the primary part 1 0.1 has for this purpose, inter alia, a reference surface 10.1 .1, the complementary counterpart in the treatment module 7 as a reference plane or surface for conditioning and thus for adjustment relative to the treatment module provided on the treatment facilities (eg print head, curing device, etc.) is used.
• the respective holding and centering unit 1 0 and container 2 and the respective treatment facilities created.
• the secondary part 10.2 is, for example, designed like a claw, in particular as a mechanical and / or pneumatically actuated gripper and / or as a vacuum gripper.
• the required holding force is applied to the primary part 1 0.1 passively and actively removed or dissolved in order to increase the security in Strom- or lack of media, for example by one or more permanent magnets.
• the secondary part 1 0.2 comprises the active components, ie in particular all necessary for the alignment and controlled turning or pivoting of the container 2 during the treatment components, including elements that are required for aligning and / or turning the packaging when printing, and / or the elements for supplying compressed air and / or vacuum, etc.
• the rotor of an electric actuator or angle drive for aligning and controlled Turning or pivoting the container 2 during the treatment is for this purpose, inter alia, provided with a permanent magnet arrangement 1 0.3, which has a plurality of permanent magnets.
• the permanent magnet arrangement 10.3 which alternately has magnetic north and south poles in a circumferential direction, cooperates therewith with an electromagnet arrangement provided on the treatment module, in particular on the support 11, which forms the stator of the actuator or of the electromagnetic direct drive.
• a secondary system 1 associated with the 0.2 encoder system can be provided by means of which the rotational position of the secondary part 10.2 and the container 2 provided thereon can be determined.
• the abutment encoder system may be an absolute encoder system, i. an encoder system by means of which the absolute rotational position of the secondary part 1 0.2 and the container 2 can be determined.
• the alignment and controlled rotation of the container 2 about the container vertical axis is in each case with respect to the respective treatment module or with respect to there, the treatment effecting functional elements.
• the definition of the printing position can be effected, for example, by starting the container printing with the first partial print image at an arbitrary rotational position of the container 2 in the printing station of the machine unit 3.2, but recording a printing position value by means of which the position of the first partial image is defined.
• This print position value can be determined, for example, by an encoding value of the encoder position which maps the rotational position of the container. System of the holding and centering unit 1 0 be determined or derived from this encoder system value.
• the printing position value indicates at which rotational position the container printing has taken place or the printed image has been arranged.
• the print position value can indicate, for example, the marginal beginning of a print image or specify that a certain print image area comes to lie at the print position value (eg center of the image). It is explicitly pointed out that the printing position value is not based on a determined container feature, for example an embossing, a container seam or the like. is determined, but is determined independently of the container, for example arbitrarily or nondeterministically or by choosing a particular encoding value of the encoder system.
• the container printing can then be carried out in the other machine units 3.3 - 3.6 performing the printing with partial print images.
• the machine units 3.2 - 3.6 each have a plurality of treatment modules, which are designed as pressure modules 7. These printing modules are especially interchangeable in their entirety. For example, these are fixed with a quick-locking system on a support structure of the transport element 6 of the respective machine unit 3.2 - 3.6.
• Each printing module 7 can have at least one print head and means for holding and releasing the holding and centering unit 10.
• the means for holding and releasing can be formed, for example, by a receptacle in which the holding and centering unit 1 0 can be releasably secured.
• the printing modules 7 may comprise, for example, a housing in which or on which all functional elements necessary for the container printing are provided, for example means for printing ink supply of the print head, means for adjusting the print head, at least one storage unit for storing calibration information of the print head and the like.
• one or more interfaces may be provided which cooperates with the insertion of the print module in a receptacle on the transport element 6 with one or more corresponding, provided on the transport element 6 interfaces to ensure supply of the print module 7 with ink, electrical energy and control information.
• the printing of the container 2 is carried out such that at the first trained for Be Strukturerbedruckung machine module 3.2, ie in the transport direction of the container 2 on the container inlet 1 .1 following first machine unit 3.2 whose treatment modules as printing modules. 7 are formed, the determination of the printing position.
• a print position value is set or determined relative to which the print image is arranged.
• the printing modules have wireless localcommunication means by means of which the printing position value can be transmitted.
• These Nahkommunikationsstoff can be formed for example by an infrared communication interface.
• the transfer of the printing position value necessary for printing a respective container 2 is effected selectively between the printing modules 7, which print on the respective container.
• the respective printing position value is only transmitted to the printing modules 7, which effect the printing of the respective container 2, and the other printing modules 7 of the respective machine unit 3.2 - 3.6 do not receive this information.
• a printing module 7 of the machine unit 3.2 transmits the printing position value to a printing module 7 of the downstream machine unit 3.3 in the transport direction A, this printing module 7 in turn the same printing position value to a printing module 7 of the machine unit 3.4, etc.
• the information transfer is preferably carried out simultaneously to the transfer of the holding and Centering unit 1 0 between two adjacent machine units 3.2 - 3.6, ie at a moment in which the two pressure modules 7 face the front side.
• the main advantage of the direct passing of the Print position value between the individual printing modules 7 is that the machine network, by means of which the individual machine units 3.1 - 3. n are interconnected, is not charged and no time-critical communication between the rotating printing modules 7 and stationary machine parts has to be done. Thus, a timely transmission of the printing position values can be ensured even at a high processing speed (treated containers per unit of time).
• a communication unit 20 is provided on the front side of the printing modules 7, by means of which the transmission of information between the printing modules 7 can take place.
• This communication unit is indicated schematically in FIG. 4 by the reference numeral 20.
• the communication unit 20 may include, for example, an infrared transmitter 21 and an infrared receiver 22. With the aid of the infrared transmitter 21, a printing position value can be transmitted from the printing module 7 to a further printing module 7. By means of the infrared receiver 22, a print position value sent by another print module 7 can be received and used in the print module 7 appropriately.
• the container 2 may be rotated based on the received printing position value such that the partial image to be reprinted and the partial image already existing on the container 2 are superimposed in the desired manner.
• the printing module 7 according to the figure 5 has a slightly different storage of the holding and centering unit 1 0.
• the reference surfaces of the primary part 10.1 are designed as a circumferential groove which is brought into abutment on at least two centering pins 1 3.
• the likewise arranged above the carrier 1 1 communication unit 20 has only one opening for the infrared transmitter 21 and the infrared receiver 22.
• communication means were provided with wireless optical data transmission means of the free space transmission technology, which are designed as infrared communication interfaces and in IR-A wave range of 850-900 nm working. Alternatively, other optical communication interfaces may be provided.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Printing Methods (AREA)
• Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=58461341

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

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Family Cites Families (9)

• 2016
  • 2016-06-03 DE DE102016110316.0A patent/DE102016110316A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2017
  • 2017-03-31 WO PCT/EP2017/057659 patent/WO2017207131A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2017-03-31 CN CN201780034301.8A patent/CN109219522B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2017-03-31 EP EP17714749.3A patent/EP3463906A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-03-31 US US15/770,819 patent/US10252545B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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