EP3460114A2 - Structure composite renforcée par fibres, noeuds de raccordement destinés à la construction de bâtiments et procédé de fabrication de noeuds de raccordement destinés à la construction de bâtiments - Google Patents

Structure composite renforcée par fibres, noeuds de raccordement destinés à la construction de bâtiments et procédé de fabrication de noeuds de raccordement destinés à la construction de bâtiments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3460114A2
EP3460114A2 EP18191052.2A EP18191052A EP3460114A2 EP 3460114 A2 EP3460114 A2 EP 3460114A2 EP 18191052 A EP18191052 A EP 18191052A EP 3460114 A2 EP3460114 A2 EP 3460114A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
braiding
braid
core
braided
arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18191052.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3460114B1 (fr
EP3460114A3 (fr
Inventor
Florian Jonas
Jan Knippers
Götz Theodor Gresser
Larissa Born
Markus Milwich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Institute fuer Textil und Faserforschung Stuttgart
Universitaet Stuttgart
Deutsche Institute fuer Textil und Faserforschung Denkendorf DITF
Original Assignee
Deutsche Institute fuer Textil und Faserforschung Stuttgart
Universitaet Stuttgart
Deutsche Institute fuer Textil und Faserforschung Denkendorf DITF
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Publication of EP3460114A2 publication Critical patent/EP3460114A2/fr
Publication of EP3460114A3 publication Critical patent/EP3460114A3/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/02—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof made from particular materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02411—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties with a single array of unbent yarn, e.g. unidirectional reinforcement fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/165—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with elongated load-supporting parts, cast in situ

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiber composite structure, a branching node for building construction and methods for producing a mesh, the fiber composite structure and the branching node for building construction.
  • Structural components must meet high requirements in order to be suitable for building construction.
  • branching nodes are only produced at great expense or they are limited in terms of their application.
  • Branching nodes known in the art are for example welded connections with slotted plates or connecting rods (see Figure 1A ). Such branching nodes have an offset of the outer contour. They are predominantly used for connections requiring normal force, but are designed as planned for no or few moments. In addition, the above connections are optically not appealing.
  • Steel cast nodes are known as further node structures, as shown for example in FIG. 1C. Such cast steel nodes meet high aesthetic standards. In addition, the geometry can be adapted to the power flow. However, the production requires high financial investment in molds and casting tools. This makes economic sense only if a plurality of identically constructed node connections to be produced with identical geometries. Structures with different node structures made of cast steel nodes are therefore only partially feasible and associated with a high financial outlay.
  • the present invention has for its object, a branch node for building, which should be produced with a high degree of design freedom, a braid and a fiber composite structure for producing the fiber composite structure or the branching node, and a manufacturing method for the braid, a manufacturing method for the fiber composite structure and to provide a manufacturing method for the branching node.
  • a braid is created by the regular crossing of several strands of a braiding material with corresponding ondulation points in the braiding process.
  • the difference to weaving or stitching is that during braiding, the strands of the braiding material are not fed at right angles. A fiber orientation (orientation of the strands, braid angle) of 0/90 ° is therefore not possible.
  • the strands can be crossed, for example, +/- 45 ° in the mesh.
  • An additional difference to the sewing effect is that during braiding, a connection between the strands is achieved by crossing and ondulation, whereas in sewing, superimposed warp and weft threads are connected to each other by looping with stitch threads.
  • a braid is a product made by braiding.
  • step (A) of the method according to the invention a braided core is provided.
  • the spatial shape of the braid as well as the fiber composite structure according to the invention and the branching node according to the invention are essentially determined by the spatial shape of the braided core.
  • the material of which the braid core is constructed (braided core material), is subject to no particular restriction, so basically any dimensionally stable material can be used.
  • any dimensionally stable material can be used.
  • inexpensive and easy-to-work materials can be used, whereby the inventive method and the products obtained therefrom are particularly inexpensive.
  • the greatest possible flexibility in terms of the spatial shape of the mesh is given.
  • the braided core can basically be produced in any desired manner.
  • the braided core consists of a low-cost and easy-to-work material. Examples include organic polymers and mineral-containing sand (special sand), which can be easily processed, for example by milling.
  • the braided core can also be produced additively, for example by 3D printing.
  • the braided core is constructed of a material which can be easily removed after completion of the braid.
  • the braided core can be constructed, for example, from a milled material. Suitable millable materials include metal, wood, plastic (preferably one or more organic polymers), specialty sand, and combinations thereof.
  • the braid core preferably comprises a material which is in a fluid, preferably in a liquid, more preferably in an organic solvent (for example methanol, ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, toluene, diethyl ether, acetone being preferred).
  • organic solvent for example methanol, ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, toluene, diethyl ether, acetone being preferred.
  • Water and / or a mixture thereof is soluble.
  • the braid core is constructed of an organic polymer.
  • the organic polymer is preferably foamed, wherein the foamed organic polymer is preferably closed-cell.
  • a preferred organic polymer is polystyrene. It is particularly preferred that the core is composed of extruded polystyrene (XPS, Styrodur®) or expanded polystyrene (EPS, Styrofoam®), with XPS being particularly preferred.
  • XPS extruded polystyrene
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • Polystyrene is highly soluble in several organic solvents (eg, acetone, dichloromethane), allowing for easy operation of step (E) by dissolving the core in the organic solvent.
  • the braid core is made of a cured mixture comprising sand, binder and solvent.
  • the mixture consists of sand, binder and solvent.
  • Suitable binders include, in particular, water-soluble salts.
  • step (E) of the method according to the invention for producing a fiber composite structure or the method according to the invention for the preparation of a branching node can be substantially facilitated.
  • a braided core of a cured mixture can be milled, for example, from a blank of the cured mixture. Alternatively, the uncured mixture may be poured into a mold and then cured. The curing may optionally take place under the action of heat.
  • a suitable solvent is, for example, water.
  • a wicker core constructed in this way is not dimensionally stable against water, which makes it simple to carry out step (E) by removing the braided core with water.
  • Embodiments relating to the spatial shape of the braided core, the spatial shape of the cavity of the fiber composite structure or the spatial shape of the concrete core of the branching node for building construction apply correspondingly to the spatial shape of the braided core, the cavity or the concrete core. That is, insofar as one of the three foregoing spatial shapes is described herein, the statements apply mutatis mutandis to the other two. Accordingly, the statements relating to the braiding apply equally to the production method according to the invention as well as the fiber composite structure according to the invention and the branching node according to the invention.
  • the shape (spatial shape) of the braid core is not particularly limited as long as it has at least three arms and forms a branch.
  • the simplest case of branching at three arms is called a fork.
  • three arms meet in a fork area, as is the case, for example, with a branch fork of a tree.
  • the at least three arms start from a common branching area and extend from there in different directions.
  • the three arms converge in a single branching area.
  • the outer end of an arm is the area of the arm farthest from the branching area.
  • the branching area is the area where the at least three arms converge or merge.
  • the front of an arm is that part of the outer end of the arm Arms, which is visible in a plan view of the outer end along the arm axis.
  • the axis of an arm extends from the branching area to the outer end of the arm.
  • the number of arms of the braided core is not particularly limited.
  • the braided core preferably 3 to 6, more preferably 3 or 4, particularly preferably 3 arms.
  • the braid obtained from the production process according to the invention has at least two layers of braid in the region of the arms (m ⁇ 2).
  • the braid has at least two layers in the region of the arms
  • the arms are at least partially braided with two braiding layers.
  • the arms are completely braided with two braiding layers.
  • the braid at each point in the region of the arms on the same number of Flechtlagen m is preferably equal to (constant) at each point (at each location) of the braid in the region of the arms.
  • step (B) the braid core is braided with a braiding material.
  • Suitable braiding methods and devices for braiding are known to the person skilled in the art. Particularly suitable according to the invention is the use of a radial braiding machine, wherein other braiding devices can also be used.
  • Suitable braiding materials are known to the person skilled in the art. They are usually stranded, banded or thread-like and have a certain flexibility. Suitable braiding materials preferably include glass fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, hybrid yarn and / or carbon fibers, with carbon fibers being preferred. Particularly preferably, the braiding material consists of carbon fibers. Furthermore, it is preferred that the braiding material in the form of a roving (bundle of parallel filaments) is present. In particular, it is preferable that the braiding material is a carbon fiber roving.
  • Hybrid yarn contains reinforcing fibers and thermoplastic fibers.
  • the reinforcing fibers are preferably selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers and / or carbon fibers.
  • the thermoplastic fibers comprise a material which is heat-fusible and re-solidifies by cooling.
  • the thermoplastic fibers are preferably constructed of a thermoplastic material, more preferably of a thermoplastic organic polymer such as polyethylene and / or polypropylene. Using hybrid yarn, a fiber composite structure can be made from the braid without the need for additional components.
  • thermoplastic fibers are composed of polyamide.
  • the fineness of the braiding material is not particularly limited.
  • the braid solely from braiding threads.
  • additional standing threads are used, whereby a branching node with advantageous static properties can be obtained.
  • the ratio of the weight fractions of the standing threads and braiding threads is preferably from 1: 2 to 6: 1, particularly preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1, for example 1: 1, provided that standing threads are present.
  • the standing threads have a higher Tex value than the braiding threads.
  • the Tex value of the standing threads is particularly preferably at least 400 tex, more preferably at least 800 tex, particularly preferably at least 1600 tex higher than the Tex value of the braiding threads.
  • the braiding threads preferably have a Tex value of 200 to 4000 tex.
  • the Stehfäden preferably have a Tex value of 600 to 4000 tex. If the braids have tex values from the above ranges, a branch node having particularly advantageous static properties can be provided.
  • the arrangement of the standing threads in the braid can be basically arbitrary.
  • the stay threads extend between the outer ends of the arms and over the branch region. That is, the stay threads preferably extend from the outer end of one arm across the branching area to the end of another arm.
  • the tensile strength of the sheath can be increased, which is advantageous for the absorption of moments by a corresponding branching node.
  • standing threads can only be introduced at selected points of the braid for mechanical stabilization.
  • standing threads can be introduced which have a higher Tex value than the other standing threads of the braid.
  • step (B) comprises a plurality of braiding steps, wherein in each of the braiding steps the braiding direction extends from the outer end of an arm to the outer end of a different arm of the braiding core (see FIG. 2 ). That is, the arms are preferably braided in pairs.
  • the method according to the invention for producing the braid can be configured particularly efficiently.
  • the arms which are braided in pairs, are preferably adjacent to each other.
  • Each arm of the braid core is adjacent at least to those two arms that are closest to it spatially.
  • a first arm is adjacent to the two arms, to which the first arm forms the two smallest angles of the braided core.
  • the angles of the braided core are formed between the respective longitudinal directions along which the arms extend (arm axes). In the event that several arms form the same angle to the first arm, and this is the smallest of all angles of the braiding core, the arm is adjacent to all arms forming said same and smallest angles to the first arm.
  • plane two-dimensional
  • non-planar three-dimensional, spatial braiding cores
  • even means that the axes of the arms of the braided core, of the fiber composite structure or of the branching node lie substantially in one plane. This is not the case with a nonplanar braided core.
  • a planar braid core biases a two-dimensional polygon, a non-planar braid core a polyhedron, the edges of the polygon being formed by the distances between the end regions of the arms.
  • step (B) comprises at least k braiding steps, wherein in each of the k braiding steps the braid core is from the outer end of an arm is braided to the outer end of a different arm (pairwise braiding of the arms) and k represents the number of edges of the polygon spanned by the braid core.
  • the method according to the invention for producing a braid is characterized in that the number of braiding layers in the region of the arms m is straight and step (B) comprises m / 2 * n braiding steps, where n represents the number of arms of the braid core, and in each of the m / 2 * n braiding steps, each starting from the outer end of an arm braided with less than the m braiding layers, to the outer end of a different arm braided with less than the m braiding layers, the braided core having the braided material is braided.
  • This preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for braiding a planar branching node or for producing a planar fiber composite structure / a planar branching node.
  • the braid can be made particularly easily and quickly.
  • step (B2) comprises (m / 2 * n) -2 braiding steps.
  • the arm not braided with m braiding layers is adjacent to the last braided arm.
  • the arm not braided with m braiding layers is preferably selected from the arms of the braid core having the least number of braid layers. That is, the arms are braided uniformly sequentially (sequentially, "in order"). As a result, a particularly regularly structured braid can be obtained, whereby the mechanical stability of the fiber composite structure or the static properties of the branching node can be influenced particularly advantageously.
  • step (B) protruding braiding material is separated, so that the outer ends or end faces of the arms of the braiding core are exposed / not braided with a braiding material.
  • the mean braiding angle (angle between braided and braided threads in the braid) is preferably 40 ° to 80 °, more preferably 50 ° to 70 °, particularly preferably 55 ° to 65 °, for example 60 °. Particularly advantageous static properties of the branching node are observed for these braiding angles.
  • the mean braiding angle can be determined, for example, as follows: At 10 different points of the braid (5 points in the area of the arms, 5 points in the branch area), the braiding angle is measured. As the mean braiding angle, the arithmetic mean of the braiding angles of the 10 different positions is used. The braiding angle is dependent on parameters such as impeller speed, feed rate, wicker core diameter, etc., and therefore varies over the component. The braid angle can be measured, for example, by means of a geodetic triangle or visually using a camera on the cylindrical end.
  • the present invention relates to a method of producing a fiber composite structure comprising the method of making a braid of the invention and a step of bonding the braid to a matrix and a step (E) of removing the braid core to form a cavity.
  • the step of bonding with a matrix makes the fiber composite structure dimensionally stable.
  • step (E) the braid core is removed.
  • the braid core is dissolved by a fluid (eg, water or an organic solvent).
  • a fluid eg, water or an organic solvent.
  • a cavity is formed which has substantially the same spatial shape as the braided core and the concrete core of the branching node according to the invention. If, as described above, during or after step (B) protruding braided material has been separated, the outer ends of the arms of the cavity of the fiber composite structure or the fiber-reinforced plastic structure are frontally exposed. That is, the cavity is accessible from outside via the outer ends of its arms (unless it is integrated into a support structure such as a branched support).
  • the matrix material constituting the matrix is not particularly limited. Suitable as a matrix material is basically any material which is suitable for the production of fiber composites.
  • a ceramic matrix material is used.
  • all ceramic matrix materials suitable for the production of fiber composite materials can be used.
  • suitable materials include ceramics based on silicon carbide and / or alumina.
  • a ceramic matrix material is particularly advantageous with regard to fire protection requirements.
  • the matrix material is a plastic material.
  • the method according to the invention for producing a fiber composite structure can also be referred to as a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic structure.
  • Suitable plastics which can be used as matrix materials include organic polymers, cured resin compositions, and thermoplastic materials, especially those thermoplastic materials from which the thermoplastic fibers of the hybrid yarn can be constructed.
  • the braiding material comprises hybrid yarn and the method according to the invention for producing a fiber composite structure comprises the step of melting the hybrid yarn.
  • the thermoplastic fibers of the hybrid yarn are melted to form the matrix. This is preferably done using pressure, in particular by pressing.
  • a fiber-reinforced plastic structure can be obtained directly from the braid without the need for further components.
  • the step of melting the hybrid yarn is not particularly limited. For example, can be melted by heating the braid, but also by applying ultrasound.
  • the braid is preferably maintained at a temperature below 50 ° C, and more preferably cooled to room temperature (25 ° C), so that the thermoplastic material solidifies and so gives the fiber composite structure dimensional stability.
  • Step (C) is not particularly limited.
  • the introduction can be done for example by applying to the braid.
  • the matrix thermosetting matrix system
  • the matrix contains one or more resins.
  • a resin is basically any resin which is suitable for the field of building construction.
  • a curable resin composition is used as the thermosetting matrix material.
  • the matrix may comprise epoxy resins, polyester resins, polyurethanes and / or phenolic resins.
  • the matrix can contain further components, eg. As one or more curing agents.
  • a resin with high flame resistance is preferably used.
  • the matrix contains one or more flame retardants.
  • the matrix consists of one or more (preferably curable) resins, optionally one or more curing agents and optionally one or more flame retardants.
  • Step (D) is not particularly limited.
  • conditions are used which result in curing of the matrix or resin composition. For example, this can be done by heating the matrix system or the resin composition or by irradiation of the matrix system or the resin composition with electromagnetic radiation (for example UV light), whereby the mechanical properties of the resulting fiber-reinforced plastic structure or the branching node are substantially improved.
  • step (D) may also merely consist in the braid being stored (left standing) with the matrix system applied thereto or the resin composition applied thereto, for example for one minute to one day, preferably 1 to 12 hours. Also heating or irradiation are not mandatory.
  • step (D) may be carried out at a temperature of 5 to 50 ° C, preferably 15 to 30 ° C, for example at room temperature.
  • step (E) the above statements apply accordingly.
  • step (F) and (G) concrete is built into the cavity.
  • measures for compression can optionally be carried out.
  • the concrete mixture may optionally be aftertreated.
  • the branching node is to have an (internal) reinforcement, for example a longitudinal reinforcement and / or a connection reinforcement, this can be completely introduced before step (F) or, in the case of a connection reinforcement, partially into the hollow space of the fiber composite structure.
  • the connection reinforcement consists of a conventional reinforcing material such as steel and has rod shape.
  • textiles or rovings for example carbon fiber rovings and / or glass fiber rovings, can be used.
  • the concrete mixture used in step (F) is not particularly limited. Both normal concrete, high-strength concrete and ultra-high-strength concrete can be used. Preferably, low-shrinkage, self-compacting concrete is used.
  • the concrete mix can only consist of concrete.
  • the concrete mixture may contain fibers (in particular steel fibers, synthetic fibers, for example polyethylene fibers (PE fibers), carbon fibers and / or glass fibers and optionally further additives as additive or additive.
  • fibers in particular steel fibers, synthetic fibers, for example polyethylene fibers (PE fibers), carbon fibers and / or glass fibers and optionally further additives as additive or additive.
  • the outer ends of all the arms of the fiber composite structure are exposed on the front side, ie are not braided with the braiding material.
  • n-1 arms are connected before filling (F).
  • the filling (F) then takes place over the free-standing end of the arm whose outer end is not connected.
  • any air pockets present in the filled concrete mixture may be removed, for example by means of a vibrator, preferably using an internal vibrator.
  • the branching node according to the invention can in a conventional construction in a Support structure can be used.
  • the possibly existing connection reinforcement of the branching node can be connected to the surrounding parts of the support structure.
  • the support structure or parts thereof connected to the branching node may be made in a core-shell construction and the support structure may be concreted in whole or in part.
  • the filled concrete mixture is aftertreated under customary conditions. Aftertreatment can take place via the possibly exposed face (s) of one or more arms. This is possible, for example, when one or more arms do not connect to adjacent components.
  • step (G) the filled concrete mixture is cured under usual conditions. If necessary, the cladding of the n-1 arms is removed after curing.
  • the present invention relates to a fiber composite structure comprising a fiber portion and a matrix portion, the fiber composite structure at least partially enveloping a cavity, the cavity having at least three arms and forming a branch; and the fiber content comprises a braid having at least two layers of braid in the region of the arms.
  • the fiber composite structure is a fiber reinforced plastic structure comprising a fiber portion and a plastic portion, wherein the fiber reinforced plastic structure at least partially encloses a cavity, the cavity having at least three arms and forming a branch; and the fiber content comprises a braid having at least two layers of braid in the region of the arms.
  • the fiber composite structure of the present invention is obtainable from the process of the present invention for its production.
  • the present invention relates to a building branching node comprising a concrete core, the concrete core having at least three arms and forming a branch; and a composite fiber core at least partially enveloping fiber composite structure whose fiber content comprises a textile semifinished product with at least two layers (textile layers) in the arms.
  • the textile semi-finished product is not subject to any particular restriction. It may, for example, comprise a woven fabric, a knitted fabric and / or a braid. Preferably, the semi-finished textile product is the braid according to the invention.
  • the number of braiding layers of the fiber composite structure or of the textile or braiding layers of the branching node in the region of the arms m is not subject to any particular restriction as long as m is at least 2. Because m ⁇ 2, the branching node has particularly advantageous static properties.
  • m is straight, for example in the case of a planar fiber composite structure / a planar branching node. More preferably, m is 2 to 12, more preferably 2 to 8, particularly preferably 2 to 6, for example 2.
  • the semifinished product preferably has at least one textile layer in the branching region.
  • the number of textile layers at each point of the semifinished product is the same.
  • the number of textile layers in the branching region can fluctuate, in particular if the semifinished product is a braid. That is, the semifinished product or braid can in the branching area, each with different Number of textile layers have.
  • the semifinished product or the braid in the branching region has locations with m-1, m and m + 1 textile or braiding layers.
  • the number of textile or Flechtlagen can vary over an even larger area.
  • the core and shell of the branching node can be load-bearing and non-bearing.
  • the shell can only serve as a formwork without cooperating as a reinforcement.
  • the filling material, the concrete can also only serve as a stiffener for the shell.
  • the shell can also only partially serve as a reinforcement.
  • the resistance of the fiber composite structure without additional measures can be given in the cold design, without the resistance of the fiber composite structure must be given without additional measures in the hot design.
  • the branching node according to the invention can have a high load capacity.
  • the sheath of the branching node formed by the fiber composite structure can serve as a lost formwork and at the same time as an outer reinforcement (outer reinforcement). It is possible that pressure forces are mainly removed from the concrete core and tensile forces are absorbed by the shell.
  • the casing can be sized to effectively tie the concrete and result in an increase in capacity, based on the uniaxial strength of the concrete, by forming a multi-axial stress state in the concrete.
  • the shell can absorb tensile forces in the circumferential direction and cause a multi-axial stress state by constriction, especially at a compressive stress with sufficient Umschnürungssteiftechnik in concrete. Tensile forces in the longitudinal direction, which can arise due to moments, can also absorb the shell.
  • the concrete core is only partially enveloped by the fiber composite structure.
  • the outer ends of the arms of the concrete core are the front side free. That is, the end faces of the outer ends of the arms of the concrete core are preferably not covered by the fiber composite structure, so that the surface of the branching node at the end faces is a concrete surface, from which optionally protrudes a reinforcement or a connection reinforcement.
  • the concrete core preferably has fillets in the branching region. Particularly preferably, the concrete core has no edges in the branching region. As a result, an attractive aesthetic effect of the branching node can be achieved. In addition, this allows the geometry of the branching node to be adapted to the force distribution of a supporting structure in which the branching node is installed.
  • the arms of the branching node may have different diameters, lengths, orientations and fillets to the other arms.
  • the diameter of an arm is its largest length dimension perpendicular to the arm axis, measured at the outer end of the arm.
  • the arm axes are at least three arms in a common plane.
  • the concrete core is preferably rotationally symmetrical, particularly preferably point-symmetrical.
  • the cross-sectional areas at the respective outer end of the arms are round and thus have no corners.
  • the cross-sectional areas may be elliptical, for example, and are preferably circular.
  • the cross-sectional area at the outer end of an arm is the cross-sectional area in the plan view of the front side along the arm axis.
  • the braid, the fiber composite structure according to the invention and / or the branching node according to the invention have the same diameter of the arms, rounded cross-sectional areas and / or rotational or point symmetry.
  • the diameters of the arms can range from a few centimeters (for example, 1 cm) to several hundred centimeters (for example, 500 cm).
  • the diameters of the at least three arms are independently of one another preferably at least 4 cm, preferably at least 8 cm, particularly preferably at least 10 cm.
  • the diameter of the arms is preferably at most 100 cm, particularly preferably at most 20 cm.
  • the branching node In order for the branching node to be used in building construction, it should have a minimum leg length in order to be able to be connected to surrounding support elements (adjoining support members).
  • the leg length is the length from the beginning of the axis of the leg along the straight axis of the leg to the outermost edge of the leg.
  • the terms "arm” and “thigh” are synonymous in this context.
  • the connection is made to surrounding support elements via a plug or socket connection, which may be additionally glued and a mechanical toothing (Torsionsknagge, knobs, etc.) may have and usually requires an overlap.
  • Particularly preferred for these connections is a cylindrical or tubular portion (connecting portion) between the end of the double-curved portions of the branch and the outermost edge of the leg.
  • connection further a length of the cylindrical or tubular portion of at least the simple arm diameter, in particular at least twice the arm diameter is preferred.
  • the length between two branches is preferably at most 20 m, particularly preferably at most 10 m, for example at most 5 m.
  • the length of one arm of the branching node according to the invention (or the fiber composite structure) is at most 10 m, particularly preferably at most 5 m, for example at most 2.5 m.
  • the length of the connection region for plug and socket connections is preferably at least 4 cm, more preferably at least 8 cm, especially preferably at least 20 cm.
  • the branching node or the concrete core preferably have a reinforcement on.
  • the reinforcement is a connection reinforcement by which the branching node can be connected to adjacent support members.
  • a connection can be made to adjacent support members via steel components, sleeves, plugs, screw connections, etc., or via bonded connections.
  • the adjacent support members may also be connection nodes according to the invention and / or conventional support members.
  • the concrete core of the connection node according to the invention can have an additional reinforcement, in particular a longitudinal reinforcement.
  • Example 1 Production of a Branching Knot with Shell of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Structure
  • a braid core was milled out with a milling robot.
  • the resulting core had three arms and had a point-symmetrical spatial shape (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the braided core with a thigh diameter of 125 mm and a leg length of 175 cm was braided with a radial braiding machine (144er Radialflechters from Herzog) in 3 braiding steps, whereby a two-ply braid was obtained.
  • a radial braiding machine 144er Radialflechters from Herzog
  • 3 braiding steps whereby a two-ply braid was obtained.
  • FIG. 2 was first in the first braiding step from the outer end of the arm 1 to the outer end of the arm 2, then in the second braiding step from the outer end of the arm 2 to the outer end of the arm 3 and finally in the third and last braiding step from the outer end of the arm 3 to outer end of the arm 1 braided.
  • the ends of the last braided arms were taped and supernatant braiding material was cut off.
  • Braided and standing threads were used as braiding material.
  • the braiding threads consisted of a carbon fiber roving of 24 K (fineness of 1600 tex) and the standing threads of a carbon fiber roving of 48 K (fineness of 3200 tex).
  • a branching knot made of concrete without sheath made of fiber-reinforced plastic was produced. Apart from the missing shell, the same parameters as in Example 1 were chosen.
  • Example 1 The branching nodes obtained from Example 1 and the Comparative Example were each subjected to a bending test by vertically loading the branching vertically on a leg in the plane of the branch and holding it at two ends opposite to the direction of the force. A holding in the horizontal direction did not take place, whereby two legs were subjected to bending.
  • the measured test load in the test stand for example 1 was 753.7 kN.
  • Table 1 Test force of Example 1 and Comparative Example test load example 1 753.7 kN Comparative example 51.1 kN
  • the present invention enables the production of branching nodes with individual geometries and high quality of the surface of the branching node. Unlike the production of cast steel nodules, the manufacturing costs are independent of the number of pieces produced, since the complex use of molds is eliminated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
EP18191052.2A 2017-09-15 2018-08-28 Noeud de raccordement destinés à la construction de bâtiments et procédé de fabrication d'un noeud de raccordement destinés à la construction de bâtiments Active EP3460114B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017008661.3A DE102017008661A1 (de) 2017-09-15 2017-09-15 Faserverbundstruktur, Verzweigungsknoten zum Gebäudebau sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Geflechts, der Faserverbundstruktur und des Verzweigungsknotens zum Gebäudebau

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EP3460114A2 true EP3460114A2 (fr) 2019-03-27
EP3460114A3 EP3460114A3 (fr) 2019-04-10
EP3460114B1 EP3460114B1 (fr) 2022-03-30

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DE102019204427B4 (de) 2019-03-29 2023-12-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Fasern verstärkten Bauteilen aus Kunststoff

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US3586058A (en) * 1968-09-25 1971-06-22 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Hollow bodies and method of fabricating the same
JPH0674542B2 (ja) * 1990-08-25 1994-09-21 村田機械株式会社 組物構造体の組成方法
JPH07122211B2 (ja) * 1991-10-18 1995-12-25 村田機械株式会社 筒型組物構造体の組成方法
JPH0839692A (ja) * 1994-07-29 1996-02-13 Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The 自転車用フロントフォークの製造方法
WO2003053679A1 (fr) * 2001-12-19 2003-07-03 Lawrence Technological University Tissu structurel hybride ductile
FR2952653B1 (fr) * 2009-11-18 2011-12-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique Architecture fibreuse tubulaire fermee et procede de fabrication
DE102011119226A1 (de) * 2011-11-22 2013-05-23 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Hohlprofilssowie Hohlprofilbauteil
DE102014207818A1 (de) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-29 Deutsche Institute für Textil-und Faserforschung Denkendorf Stiftung des öffentlichen Rechts Verfahren zum Flechten eines länglichen Hohlkörpers, insbesondere mit Schlaufenanschlüssen, geflochtener Hohlkörper, Erzeugnis und Flechtmaschine
DE102014015411A1 (de) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-21 Hermann-Frank Müller Betonplatte
JP6553903B2 (ja) * 2015-03-19 2019-07-31 住友理工株式会社 樹脂成形品の製造方法
DE102015120476A1 (de) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-01 Verena Kara Verbundelement mit mindestens zwei Flächenelementen

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EP3460114A3 (fr) 2019-04-10
DE102017008661A1 (de) 2019-03-21

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