EP3450646A1 - Board for a composite element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a board (1) for a composite element (8) formed by a plurality of identical boards (1), the board (1) having a cross section along a longitudinal direction, which has at least one recess (2) and a first projection (3). and a second projection (4). In order to produce a dense and high-strength composite element (8) of several identical boards (1), the invention provides that the board (1) is designed such that the first projection (3) of a first such board (1) and the second projection (4) of a next to the first board (1) lying second such board (1) in the recess (2) on the adjacent boards (1) arranged third such board (1) can be introduced, so that the first projection (3 ) of the first board (1) and the second projection (4) of the second board (1) with the recess (2) via at least one inner contact surface (5) and the two adjacent boards (1) via a common lateral contact surface (6 ), wherein the first board (1), the second board (1) and the third board (1) by the contact surfaces (5, 6) are positively connected to each other. Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of such a composite element (8). Moreover, the invention relates to a method for producing a composite element (8).

Description

The invention relates to a board for a composite element formed by a plurality of identical boards, wherein the board along a longitudinal direction has a cross-section, which has at least one recess and a first projection and a second projection.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of a composite element with at least one such board.

Finally, the invention relates to a method for producing such a composite element.

When manufacturing a building using wood, especially in the manufacture of wooden houses, usually boards and composite elements of the type mentioned are used to achieve a load capacity and tightness of the house. For this purpose, various boards, in particular wooden boards, composite elements comprising composite elements and such boards are known from the prior art. Wooden composite elements used to make a wooden house usually have boards connected by glue. Such a wood glue gives off even after completion of the house chemical ingredients that are partially harmful to health. This is considered a disadvantage in otherwise very ecologically and sustainably produced wooden houses.

Although boards for composite elements have become known from the prior art, which allow a glue-free connection of several identical boards. However, such boards or composite elements have further disadvantages.

For example, the EP 2 821 191 A1 a panel element made of wood, which consists of at least two layers of parallel boards arranged side by side, wherein boards of two layers are connected to each other by dovetail joints. The dovetail connections are in this case along a longitudinal direction of a board by successive dovetail-shaped Recesses and projections formed, wherein recesses and projections are oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction.

However, such dovetail connections have the disadvantage that one contact surface per dovetail connection is small and boards can be moved transversely to the longitudinal direction, ie along a shorter side, for which reason various embodiments are disclosed in this document in which additional means for fixing, such as pins and other fasteners are provided. In addition, a production of such a board is very expensive, since each board has a large number of milling edges.

The WO 2005/003489 A1 discloses plates having a push-in male profile, whereby two plates are connected side by side. However, these plates do not allow a layered structure of a composite element formed therefrom, since such plates can only be connected side by side and not superimposed.

There is therefore a need for simply constructed composite elements, in particular panels, which can assume supporting and / or sealing functions, in particular in the manufacture of a building, and can be formed free of adhesives, in particular free of glue.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a board of the type mentioned, which is easy to manufacture and at the same time a solid, positive connection of several boards to a multi-layer composite element, such as a panel or beam allows.

Another object of the invention is to provide a use for a composite element formed from such boards.

Finally, it is an object of the invention to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which a particularly simple composite element can be produced.

The first object of the invention is achieved by a board of the type mentioned, which is designed such that the first projection of a first such board and the second projection of lying next to the first board second such board in the recess of a arranged on the adjacent boards third such board can be introduced, so that the first projection of the first board and the second projection of the second board are connected to the recess via at least one inner contact surface and the two adjacent boards via a common lateral contact surface, wherein the boards through the contact surfaces form-fitting manner with each other are connected.

An advantage achieved with the invention is to be seen in particular in that with a corresponding board a composite element with high strength and tightness can be provided in a simple manner. A board according to the invention can for example be designed so that only one recess is provided on an upper side and / or lower side of the board, which is bounded for example by projections. As a result, a very low production cost is achieved because a single recess per side sufficient to ensure a stable connection. In addition, three or more identical boards can be connected together in two or more layers, since each board has on the one hand a recess into which the projections can engage, and on the other hand each board has projections which can thus engage in the recess of another board, that two such projections find space in a recess. Thus, two projections of two different boards are held together by the recess of a third board or the boards pressed together, resulting in a positive stabilization. Although a single recess per side is basically sufficient, of course, more recesses and projections may be provided.

It is further advantageous that the board is designed such that a plurality of identical boards are positively connected, so that they are movable relative to each other only in the longitudinal direction. This ensures that the boards can indeed be pushed into each other to form the composite element, but in any other direction, ie up, down or to the side, are fixed, so the boards of a composite element thus formed stably hold together. Usually this is a Angle between the lateral contact surface and an inner contact surface less than 180 °, preferably between 20 ° and 90 °, preferably between 40 ° and 85 °, for example between 70 ° and 80 °. For example, the recess may be dovetail-shaped in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or in a cross-section, so that a width of the recess increases with increasing depth, and the projections have corresponding cross-sections.

Moreover, it is favorable if the at least one recess and the projections extend over an entire length of the board. As a result, on the one hand, two or more boards can be pushed into each other on the front side and, secondly, the connection over the entire length of the board is stabilized on both sides of the recess by the projections and fixed against movement transversely to the longitudinal direction.

In order to allow the simplest possible design with few or as small as possible cavities in the resulting composite element, so that a dense, glue-free manufacturable composite element can be produced in a particularly simple manner, it is expedient if the first projection and the second projection arranged in an edge region of the board are, wherein the at least one recess is formed in a region between these projections.

To ensure a firm and positive connection between a plurality of layers of corresponding boards arranged one above the other with simultaneously low production costs, it is expedient for the board to have at least two, in particular two or four, projections. Here, a board for a two-layer composite element on an upper side have two projections. For an at least three-layer connecting element, it is advantageous if boards have at least four projections, in each case two at the top or bottom, in order to allow a connection upwards and downwards. Due to a symmetry of an untreated board, it does not matter which side of the board is considered as the top or bottom.

It may also be advantageous if the board is designed so that in an arrangement of several identical boards, wherein a arranged next to a first board second board with the first board by a first board and second board arranged third board is positively connected, further contact surfaces between the projections of the first board and / or the second board on the one hand and the recess of the third board on the other hand are provided. In particular, contact surfaces between two projections of different boards and / or further contact surfaces between one, two or more projections and the recess may be provided. For example, three interconnected boards may have, in addition to the inner contact surface and the lateral contact surface, another contact surface between the first protrusion of the first board and the second protrusion of the second board, with a plurality of boards gaining stability as the number of contact surfaces increases.

To ensure additional stability, a bung may be provided on a first side surface and a groove on a second side surface of the board. It can also be provided several spits and corresponding grooves, which are distributed arbitrarily on the first and second side surface. It is important that there is a corresponding groove on the other side surface for each bung. It should be noted that a bung is not a projection in the sense of the above description. Protrusions are used herein to connect superimposed, partially overlapping boards, while the bung is intended to connect adjacent, flush boards. Alternatively, grooves may be provided on both side surfaces of the board and a spring for connection of two side by side boards.

In a composite element with several boards, which is constructed in particular layered, it is advantageous if at least three boards are formed according to the invention, wherein a first board and a second board are arranged side by side and positively connected by a third board. Thus, an adhesive-free, in particular glue-free connection is made possible, with which at the same time a high strength and tightness can be achieved.

It is also advantageous if, in such a composite element, the first projection of the first board and the second projection of the second board arranged next to the first board engage in the recess of the third board. By this intervention, a form fit is ensured in at least one spatial direction.

Another advantage arises when the boards are fixed by an interaction of recesses and projections perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the boards. Such a design ensures positive locking in a further spatial direction.

A composite element with particularly good mechanical properties results when the first projection of the first board and the second projection of the second board substantially completely fill the recess of the third board.

An easily produced positive connection with which the boards are positively fixed relative to each other in any direction except the longitudinal direction can be achieved, for example, by boards with an approximately dovetailed recess and projections which, when two boards side by side, substantially completely fill the dovetailed recess ,

In addition, it may be beneficial if adjacent boards are connected via a tongue-and-groove connection. Alternatively, a tongue and groove connection can be provided between adjacent boards. As a result, a particularly dense composite element is achieved, which can also be used as a vapor barrier.

In order to provide a composite element with a substantially smooth or even surface, it is expedient if, in the case of boards which close off the composite element on an upper side and / or lower side, at least one side without recesses and projections is formed. Thus, for example, in the case of a multilayer composite element, boards may be arranged on one outer side with projections and recesses and boards between the externally arranged boards with recesses and projections arranged on both the upper and lower sides, wherein projections and recesses of all boards usually have approximately corresponding dimensions respectively.

It is also favorable if an overlapping width of the boards corresponds to about half the board width. As a result, for example, a recess in the middle of the board arranged and thus be formed symmetrically the board. In addition, it is ensured that adjacent boards have a common contact surface. Alternatively, an asymmetric overlap may be provided. In order to ensure a tightness and a contact surface between adjacent boards, however, it is important that when connecting three boards, in which a first board next to a second board is arranged and first board with a second board by a third board arranged on these boards form-fitting the sum of the overlapping widths of the first board with the third board and the second board with the third board make up the entire board width of the third board. For this, the overlap widths may for example correspond to ⅓ and _^2/3 of the board width.

In order to ensure a firm and in particular glue-free or adhesive-free connection, it is advantageous if the boards are connected by means of press fit. The interference fit is particularly advantageous, since thus a material connection and accordingly hazardous vapors or other volatile substances which are contained in an adhesive, can be avoided and at the same time a dense composite element with high strength is achieved.

Particularly preferred insulation is provided. This can be arranged with advantage in cavities between the boards. Additionally or alternatively, an insulating layer may be provided. This is usually subsequently arranged on a composite element, preferably between two composite elements. The insulation or the insulating layer may comprise one or more different insulating materials. Such insulating materials may be, for example, a jasmine insulation, wood shavings and / or loam. It can be provided that a single insulating material or a combination of several insulating materials is used.

In order to achieve an increased rigidity of the composite element, it can be provided that a plurality of wood nails are provided for stabilization. The wooden nails are advantageously introduced perpendicular to the longitudinal direction in the composite element, in particular hit, so that several superposed boards are connected by them. Preferably, the wood nails in a interior of a plurality of layers arranged composite element so that the wooden nails pierce outermost layers and thus the wooden nails are not visible from both an upper side and a lower side of the composite element.

A further advantage results in a building with at least one composite element, wherein the at least one composite element is provided as wall panel, supporting element and / or vapor barrier. With sufficient thickness or a suitable coating, the composite element can also be used as a vapor barrier.

The further object is achieved with the use of a composite element as a vapor barrier, wall panel and / or load-bearing element in and / or in a building. An advantage arises in particular from the fact that such a composite element has increased health and environmental compatibility.

The procedural object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned, in which at least three boards according to the invention are provided, after which a first board and a second board are arranged side by side, after which a first projection of the first board and a second projection of the second board in a Recess of a third board are introduced so that the boards are positively fixed perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the boards.

It is also advantageous if the boards are made of dry lumber. In principle, any wood can be used for a composite element according to the invention, but it is favorable if the timber used has a bulk density of at least 500 kg / m ³ and / or a heat-vapor diffusion resistance of at least 10, in particular of at least 30. In addition, as a timber and multi-layer solid wood panels can be used. By using such a wood, the function of the composite element is ensured as a vapor barrier.

It is also advantageous if the composite element is moistened and / or will. As a result, the wood used in volume gains. As a result of this increase in volume, the boards increase correspondingly, as a result of which contact pressure of the projections in the recesses increases, thus solidifying connecting points between the boards be so that a particularly firm and play-free connection or a press fit is achieved, which in turn ensures a high density of the composite element. The connection by means of a press fit is thus essentially unsolvable manually. On the one hand, moistening can take place actively, for example by steaming with steam, or passively by merely absorbing atmospheric moisture through the composite element.

• Fig. 1a bis 1e eine erste Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 2a bis 2f eine zweite Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 3a bis 3d eine dritte Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 4a bis 4e eine vierte Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 5a bis 5e eine fünfte Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 6a bis 6d eine sechste Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 7a und 7b zwei Varianten zum Verbinden dreier Bretter;
• Fig. 8 ein als Balken ausgebildetes erfindungsgemäßes Verbundelement;
• Fig. 9 eine siebte Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 10 ein Decken- oder Bodenelement;
• Fig. 11a bis 11b Wandelemente mit einer Dämmschicht;
• Fig. 12a bis 12c Wandelemente mit eingeschlossenen Hohlräumen;
• Fig. 13 ein Verbundelement mit Holznägeln.

Further features, advantages and effects will become apparent from the embodiments illustrated below. In the drawings, to which reference is made, show:

• Fig. 1a to 1e a first embodiment;
• Fig. 2a to 2f a second embodiment;
• Fig. 3a to 3d a third embodiment;
• Fig. 4a to 4e a fourth embodiment;
• Fig. 5a to 5e a fifth embodiment;
• Fig. 6a to 6d a sixth embodiment;
• Fig. 7a and 7b two variants for connecting three boards;
• Fig. 8 a composite element according to the invention designed as a beam;
• Fig. 9 a seventh embodiment;
• Fig. 10 a ceiling or floor element;
• Fig. 11a to 11b Wall elements with an insulating layer;
• Fig. 12a to 12c Wall elements with enclosed cavities;
• Fig. 13 a composite element with wooden nails.

Fig. 1a shows a front view of a board 1 perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the board 1 with a central recess 2, a first projection 3 and a second projection 4. The recess 2 and the two projections 3, 4, 11 are arranged on an upper side of the board 1, so that the board 1 has a substantially C-shaped cross-section. Between the recess 2 and the first projection 3 and second projection 4, an inner contact surface 5 is provided, which in each case encloses an angle 7 with a lateral contact surface 6. In order to fix a connection upwards, it is advantageous if at least one angle 7 lies in a range between 0 ° and 180 °.

Fig. 1b shows one for illustration in Fig. 1a analogous design of the board 1, wherein two recesses 2 and four projections 3, 4, 11 are provided. Here, the recesses 2 and the first projections 3, 4, 11 and the second projections 3, 4, 11 are respectively provided on the upper side and on an underside, so that the board 1 has a substantially H-shaped cross section. As the top or bottom are here those pages to understand that correspond to the two longer sides in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the board 1. By virtue of this design, such a board 1 can be connected upwards and downwards, and thus a more than two-layered composite element 8 can be produced.

An alternating sequence of a projection 3, 4, 11 and a recess 2 represents a profile which can be arranged on one side of a board 1, that is, only on the top, or on both sides, ie both on the top and on the bottom , A board 1 with such a one-sided profile on a top is in Fig. 1a and a board 1 with a two-sided profile both at the top and at the bottom is among others in Fig. 1b shown.

Fig. 1c shows a two-layer composite element 8, comprising several identical boards 1 with one-sided profile, in which a first board 1 and a second board 1 are connected by a third board 1. Here, the first projection 3 of the first board 1 and the second projection 4 of the second board 1 fills the recess 2 of the third board 1 completely.

Fig. 1d shows a four-layer composite element 8, wherein middle layers are formed by boards 1 with double-sided profile. The lowermost or uppermost layer is formed in each case by boards 1 with a one-sided profile in order to ensure a substantially flat closure upwards or downwards.

Fig. 1e shows an exploded view of a three-layer embodiment of the composite element 8, wherein the boards 1 are spaced in the vertical direction, that is perpendicular to the tops and bottoms of the boards 1 of the middle layer, in which tops and bottoms recesses 2 and projections 3, 4, 11 are arranged ,

Fig. 2a shows a second embodiment of the board 1 with a single recess 2, which is bounded by the first projection 3 and the second projection 4. In addition, this board 1 on the side contact surfaces 6 on the one hand a bung 9 and on the other hand a groove 10. By such a bung 9 and the groove 10, a lateral contact surface 6 is increased and a denser and more sustainable connection of several identical boards 1 allows.

Fig. 2b shows a two-layer composite element 8, wherein a plurality of identical, one-sided profiled boards 1, each having bung 9 and groove 10 are connected. Again, a first board 1 is in each case positively connected to a second board 1 arranged next to it by a third board 1 arranged on these boards 1, so that the boards 1 are fixed in a form-fitting manner in each direction, with the exception of the longitudinal direction of the boards 1.

Fig. 2c and 2d each show multi-layer composite elements 8, wherein middle layers are formed by boards 1 with double-sided profile. It is thus a first one-sided profiled board 1 in a lowermost position with a next to this, identical second board 1 positively connected by a third board arranged on these 1, wherein the third board 1 is formed with two-sided profile.

Figs. 2e and 2f show a three-dimensional representation of a two-layer or three-layer composite element 8.

Fig. 3a shows a board 1 with double-sided profile, wherein on the lateral contact surfaces 6 a bung 9 and a groove 10 are formed.

Fig. 3b shows a multilayer structure of the composite element 8, wherein the middle layers by boards 1 with double-sided profile and the outer layers, which the composite element 8 in Fig. 3b limit above and below, are formed by boards 1 with one-sided profile. In addition, each adjacent boards 1 are connected by a bung-groove connection.

Fig. 3c shows a three-dimensional representation of such a composite element. 8

Fig. 4a shows a further embodiment of a board 1, wherein two recesses 2, the first and the second projection 4 and a further projection 11 are provided. The recesses 2 and projections 3, 4, 11 are arranged on the upper side of the board 1. In such an embodiment, the recesses 2 are limited by the first projection 3 and the further projection 11 or by the further projection 11 and the second projection 4. The first projection 3 and the second projection 4 are, as in all other embodiments, arranged in an edge region of the board 1.

Fig. 4b shows a variant with double-sided profile of in Fig. 4a Such a board 1 has four recesses 2 and six projections 3, 4, 11, wherein in each case two recesses 2 and three projections 3, 4, 11 are positioned on a top or bottom.

Fig. 4c to 4e each show a two-, three- and four-layer structure of such a composite element 8.

Fig. 5a shows a further embodiment of the board 1 with a single recess 2. Here, the first projection 3 and the second projection 4 spaced from the lateral contact surfaces 6 of the board 1 are arranged.

Fig. 5b shows the variant with double-sided profile of in Fig. 5a In this case, the recess 2 and the first and the second projection 4 are again twice, at each of the top and bottom, provided.

Fig. 5c to 5e By a spacing of the projections 3, 4, 11 of the lateral contact surfaces 6 arise in the composite element 8 cavities 12, which can serve to reduce the weight of the composite element 8. Alternatively, the cavities 12 may be filled with a filling material, for example for thermal insulation. As can be seen, it is thus not absolutely necessary to achieve a firm and tight connection of several identical, inventively designed composite elements 8, that the projections 3, 4, 11 completely fill the recess 2, although this is preferred.

Fig. 6a and 6b In contrast to other embodiments, the inner contact surfaces 5 are parallel to each other, but, as in other embodiments, aligned against the lateral contact surfaces 6 inclined. In order to ensure a sufficient fixation, it is usually provided that an angle 7 between at least one of the two inner contact surfaces 5 and the lateral contact surface 6 is less than 180 °. In this definition, the angle 7, starting from the inner contact surface 5 following a circular line, is to be measured by the board 1, as shown in FIG Fig. 1a and Fig. 6a is indicated. At the in Fig. 6a illustrated board 1 is thus the angle 7 between the inner contact surface 5 on the first projection 3 and the lateral contact surface 6 more than 180 °, but the angle 7 between the inner contact surface 5 on the second projection 4 and the lateral contact surface 6 less than 180 °, so that even with parallel inner contact surfaces 5 a stable and tight connection can be achieved.

Fig. 6c and 6d each show a two-layer or three-layer structure of a composite element 8 from such boards. 1

Fig. 7a shows the nesting of several boards 1. Here, the first and the second board 1 are placed side by side, after which the first projection 3 of the first board 1 and the second projection 4 of the second board 1 are inserted into the recess 2 of the third board 1. As a result, the third board 1 relative to the first board 1 and the second board 1 in the arrow direction moves translationally, for example, moved or pulled until end-side board ends of the first board 1, the second board 1 and the third board 1 complete each other.

Fig. 7b shows an alternative method in which the first and second boards 1 are moved relative to the third board 1.

The boards 1 for such composite elements 8 may also be formed with any number of projections 3, 4, 11 and recesses 2, wherein features of all embodiments shown can be combined with each other as desired. Such formed composite elements 8 may be formed arbitrarily large area, since a width of such a composite element 8 is determined only by the number of adjacent boards 1 and their width. Furthermore, such a composite element 8 can be formed almost arbitrarily thick, since a thickness of such a composite element 8 is determined only by the number of layers and their thickness. For an application of a composite element 8 in the manufacture of a building, a length of the composite elements 8, for example, about 2 m and a width of the composite elements 8, for example, about 60 cm. A board 1 used for such a composite element 8 can then have a width of about 12 cm and a height of about 3 cm. Such composite elements 8 may, depending on their application, be designed as a beam, panel or the like.

Fig. 8 shows an example of such, formed as a supporting beam composite element. As shown, the composite element, in addition to boards according to the invention, of course, also have other elements, such as end edge boards here, in order to achieve a smooth termination of the support on lateral surfaces.

In Fig. 9 an embodiment of a board 1 is shown, which has a substantially X-shaped cross-section. In addition to the recess 2 and the first projection 3 and the second projection 4, which are preferably arranged on both sides, this board 1 has at least one cutout 14, in particular a plurality of cutouts 14, on. The cutout 14 may be formed, for example, as an additional recess in the recess 2. In addition, cutouts 14 can be arranged laterally on the board 1. The side of the board 1 means here that the cutouts 14 are arranged along a broad side of the board 1. Finally, cutouts 14 can also be provided on the projections 3, 4, 11. Recesses 14 are substantially milled depressions in the board 1. However, the cutouts 14 can be realized differently, for example, cut, sanded, planed or grated. In Fig. 5a Also, a board 1 with a cutout 14 is shown in order to achieve a spacing of the projections 3, 4, 11 to the lateral contact surfaces 6 of the board 1. Alternatively to the side of the board 1 arranged cutouts 14 can, in particular analogous to those in Fig. 2a and Fig. 3a shown boards 1, groove 10 and 9 bung be provided. Groove 10 and 9 bung are preferably arranged laterally. In addition, can be provided be that such a board 1 with cutouts 14 is formed on one side. Here, analogous to in Fig. 2a illustrated embodiment, the recess 2 for connecting a plurality of boards 1 only provided on one side. In general, individual features of all embodiments can be combined as desired.

The board 1 usually has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis. The transverse axis is in Fig. 9 shown in dashed lines. The longitudinal axis runs perpendicular to the image surface. Usually, the board 1 is circumferentially bounded by the longitudinal axis of the top, the broad side, the bottom and another broadside, these sides each extend along the longitudinal axis. Circumferentially surrounding the transverse axis, the board 1 is bounded by the upper side, an end face, the underside and another end face. In Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b . Fig. 2a . Fig. 3a . Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b . Fig. 5a, Fig. 5b . Fig. 6a, Fig. 6b and Fig. 9 In each case a board 1 is shown in a plan view of the front page.

In Fig. 10 is a composite element 8, such as a ceiling element, a roof element, a wall element or a floor element, shown, which is formed of a plurality of boards 1. An uppermost layer and a lowermost layer are formed here by boards 1, as in Fig. 2a are shown. Such a board 1 is connected to the top or bottom of the recess 2 with above or below arranged boards 1. Laterally, this board 1 is connected via a groove 10 and a bung 9 with an adjacent board 1. Between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer, several further layers are preferably arranged. Whereby several layers can be provided which comprise boards 1 which have cutouts 14. In the illustrated embodiment, four layers of boards 1 with cutouts 14 are shown. However, any number of layers, in particular one, two, three or five layers of such boards 1 can be provided. Through the cutouts 14 a plurality of cavities 12 is provided. Such cavities 12 are also exemplary in FIG Fig. 5a to Fig. 5e shown. These cavities 12 can serve as footfall sound insulation or ensure a smooth appearance when walking over such a ceiling and / or floor element. Below these layers, further layers of boards 1 can be provided, which preferably have a substantially H-shaped cross-section. Such boards 1 are for example in Fig. 1b shown. In the in Fig. 10 shown

Embodiment, two layers of such boards 1 are shown. However, any number of layers, in particular one, three, four or five layers of such boards 1 may be provided. Since these boards 1, which are formed in particular without cutouts 14, do not provide cavities 12, a stability of the composite element 8 is increased with these.

In Fig. 11a a wall element is shown, comprising a first composite element 8, wherein two layers are preferably formed by boards 1 with groove 10 and 9 bung and between these two layers a plurality of layers of H-shaped boards 1 are arranged. The H-shaped boards 1 may optionally have groove 10 and 9 bung. In addition, a further composite element 8 is shown, which is preferably formed of two layers comprising boards 1 with groove 10 and 9 bung. The first composite element 8 and the second composite element 8 are connected by struts 15 or beams. Particularly preferably, between the first composite element 8 and the second composite element 8, an insulating layer 16 is arranged, which may comprise, for example, an insulating wool, wood shavings, loam and / or other insulating materials, in particular a mixture of wood shavings and loam. Furthermore, a cladding 17, for example made of wood, in particular made of larch wood, is provided, which is fixed to the second composite element 8. Preferably, the lining 17 is arranged at a distance from the second composite element 8, so that a ventilation space 18 is provided. Alternatively, instead of a wood paneling, a plaster covering or another panel 17 may be provided.

In Fig. 11b is a variant of in Fig. 11a shown, wherein the second composite element 8 by an alternative element, for example, a different composite element 8 or one or more arbitrary boards 1, panels, plates or the like, is replaced. In essence, the second composite element 8 may be formed as desired, optionally analogously to the first composite element 8. The first and the second composite element 8 may be the same or different. In particular, both composite elements 8 can have any number of layers.

In Fig. 12a Also shown is a wall element comprising a composite element 8 which is substantially constructed as shown in FIG Fig. 10 is shown. Here are between two outer layers several layers of boards 1 with cutouts 14th and H-shaped boards 1 provided. The boards 1 with cutouts 14 are preferably formed as X-shaped boards 1. On an outer layer, the panel 17 is mounted, which is preferably spaced from the outer layer, to provide a ventilation space 18.

In Fig. 12b and Fig. 12c is disposed between the outer layer and the lining 17 an insulating layer 16 and a second composite element 8, as shown in FIG Fig. 11a is shown. In essence, the in Fig. 11a embodiment shown here by several layers, which provide cavities 12, extended. In Fig. 12b is the second composite element 8 analogous to Fig. 11a and in Fig. 12c is the second composite element 8 analogous to Fig. 11b educated.

To connect the struts 15 with the composite element 8, boards 1 may be provided, in which the recess 2 arranged on both sides and additionally groove 10 and 9 bung are provided. Such boards 1 are for example in Fig. 3a shown. Optionally, the recess 2 may be formed at different depths on the two sides. In this case, this can serve to ensure a stable connection of the boards 1 with the struts 15. For this purpose, the boards 1 are preferably made thicker than the remaining boards. 1

Such composite elements 8 are particularly preferably used in house construction as a wall panel, paneling, beams or vapor barrier. However, the field of application is not limited to these examples.

In Fig. 13 a further embodiment of the composite element 8 is shown, wherein a plurality of layers are connected via wood nails 19. Preferably, the wood nails 19 are inserted centrally into the boards 1 of the outer layers. Advantageously, the wood nails 19 are introduced so that, if necessary, groove 10 and bung 9 of these boards 1 remain untouched. This illustration is to be considered as an example only. Thus, such wood nails 19 may be provided in all embodiments of the composite element 8 in order to stabilize this or to increase a rigidity of the composite element 8. Preferably, a length of the wood nails 19 is greater than half the thickness or thickness of the composite element 8. Particularly preferably, the wood nails 19 are driven or hammered on both sides in the composite element 8. A diameter of the wooden nails 19 can be chosen arbitrarily. In general, the wooden nails 19 have a diameter of about 3 mm to 6 mm, more preferably from about 5 mm to 5.5 mm. Usually, the wooden nails 19 differ from the in Fig. 13 illustrated embodiment is arranged only in an interior of the composite element 8, so that they are not visible from the top or from the bottom of the composite element 8 and thus do not affect the visual appearance.

With a board 1 designed according to the invention and a composite element 8 or panels formed from several such boards 1, a building such as a wooden house can be produced in a simple manner without the use of glue or the like. The composite elements 8 designed according to the invention can be used as load-bearing elements or as a vapor barrier. Thus, a sustainable and at the same time cost-effective production of a wooden house is made possible. In addition, the composite elements 8 in the interior of the building visible, for example, unpainted, remain to provide on the inside a visual composite element, a visual composite or a wall with a wood look. Alternatively, the composite element 8, preferably covered with a natural building material and / or plastered. The composite element 8 can, for example, with building boards, for example, with clay building boards, clad and / or plastered with the natural building material, such as clay. Particularly preferably, the composite element 8 is covered with clay building boards, which are then plastered with clay.

Since no glue or the like must be used, the composite elements 8 can also be disposed of after use in a simple manner, for example by burning, without thereby polluting substances are released. Thus, when using a board 1 according to the invention and a composite element 8 according to the invention a completely ecological and at the same time inexpensive construction is achieved.

Claims (15)

Board (1) for a composite element (8) formed by several identical boards (1), the board (1) having a cross section along a longitudinal direction, which has at least one recess (2) and a first projection (3) and a second projection (4), characterized in that the board (1) is formed such that the first projection (3) of a first such board (1) and the second projection (4) of a next to the first board (1) lying second such Bretts (1) in the recess (2) of one on the adjacent boards (1) arranged third such board (1) can be introduced, so that the first projection (3) of the first board (1) and the second projection (4) of the second Boards (1) are connected to the recess (2) via in each case at least one inner contact surface (5) and the two adjacent boards (1) via a common lateral contact surface (6), wherein the first board (1), the second board ( 1) and the third Bret t (1) by the contact surfaces (5, 6) are positively connected to each other. Board (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the board (1) is designed such that a plurality of identical boards (1) are positively connected, so that they are movable relative to each other only in the longitudinal direction. Board (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one recess (2) and the projections (3, 4, 11) extend over an entire length of the board (1) and / or the first projection (3) and the second projection (4) are arranged in an edge region of the board (1), wherein the at least one recess (2) is formed in a region between these projections (3, 4, 11). Board (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the board (1) is formed such that in an arrangement of several identical boards (1), wherein a next to a first board (1) arranged second board (1 ) is positively connected to the first board (1) by a first board (1) and second board (1) arranged third board (1), further contact surfaces (5, 6) between the projections (3, 4, 11) of the first board (1) and / or the second board (1) on the one hand and the recess (2) of the third board (1) on the other hand are provided. Composite element (8) with several boards (1), which is constructed in particular layer-shaped, characterized in that at least three boards (1) are designed according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a first board (1) and a second board (1 ) are arranged side by side and are positively connected by a third board (1). Composite element (8) according to claim 5, characterized in that the first projection (3) of the first board (1) and the second projection (4) of the next to the first board (1) arranged second board (1) in the recess (2 ) of the third board (1). Composite element (8) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the boards (1) by an interaction of recesses (2) and projections (3, 4, 11) are fixed perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the boards (1). Composite element (8) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the first projection (3) of the first board (1) and the second projection (4) of the second board (1) the recess (2) of the third board ( 1) substantially completely. Composite element (8) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that in boards (1), which close the composite element (8) on an upper side and / or underside, at least one side without recesses (2) and
Projections (3, 4, 11) is formed. Composite element (8) according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that an overlap width of the boards (1) corresponds to about half the board width. Composite element (8) according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the boards (1) are connected by means of a press fit. Building with at least one composite element (8) according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the at least one composite element (8) is provided as wall panel, supporting element and / or vapor barrier. Use of a composite element (8) according to one of claims 5 to 11 as a vapor barrier, wall panel and / or load-bearing element in and / or in a building. Method for producing a composite element (8), in particular a composite element (8) according to one of Claims 5 to 11, characterized in that at least three boards (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 are provided, according to which a first board (1) and a second board (1) are arranged side by side, after which a first projection (3) of the first board (1) and a second projection (4) of the second board (1) in a recess (2) of a third board (1) introduced be so that the boards (1) are positively fixed perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the boards (1). A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the boards (1) are formed from dry lumber and / or the composite element (8) is moistened.

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