Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
  • C11D1/831—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds of sulfonates with ethers of polyoxyalkylenes without phosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0026—Structured liquid compositions, e.g. liquid crystalline phases or network containing non-Newtonian phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/042—Acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/046—Salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/122—Sulfur-containing, e.g. sulfates, sulfites or gypsum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
  • C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
  • C11D3/2013—Monohydric alcohols linear fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
  • C11D3/2044—Dihydric alcohols linear
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
  • C11D3/2048—Dihydric alcohols branched
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2068—Ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/2096—Heterocyclic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides

Definitions

• the present application is directed to a structured, liquid, liquid-phase detergent or cleaning agent containing a surfactant system consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and cosurfactants, inorganic salt and an amphiphilic compound, and a washing process using the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention will, and appropriate uses.
• a surfactant system consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and cosurfactants, inorganic salt and an amphiphilic compound
• a stable suspension of the particles in a liquid detergent matrix by means of structured surfactant systems can optionally be achieved by setting a flow limit.
• the International Patent Publication WO 2013/089646 A1 describes, for example, those structured surfactant systems which have a yield point.
• the WO 2013/064357 A1 describes structured liquid detergents and cleaners containing a system of anionic, nonionic and cosurfactants and an inorganic salt.
• the concentration window for a suitable and aesthetic flow behavior is relatively small. At low concentrations, the yield point disappears or phase separation occurs. At high concentrations, the yield strength and viscosity increase sharply, which adversely affects the flow behavior and in addition to aesthetic problems also has practical effects, such as that, for example, the emptying of the packaging is difficult. Furthermore, it has been shown that even with small changes in the concentration or nature of the individual components, such as, for example, salt, cosurfactant, etc., the stability of the formulation can be so significantly impaired that it comes to a phase separation.
• At least one means 1 or more, i. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more.
• the indication refers to the type of ingredient, not the absolute number of molecules.
• the term, together with weights, refers to all compounds of the type indicated which are included in the composition, i. that the composition does not contain any further compounds of this type beyond the stated amount of the corresponding compounds.
• the liquid washing or cleaning agent contains at least one anionic surfactant, at least one nonionic surfactant, at least one inorganic salt, at least one co-surfactant and at least one amphiphilic compound.
• anionic surfactant sulfonates and / or sulfates are used.
• the content of anionic surfactant is 5 to 50, preferably 5 to 35, more preferably 5 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the total washing or cleaning agent.
• the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as are obtained, for example, from C 12-18 -monoolefins having terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration.
• esters of ⁇ -sulfo fatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
• Alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and especially the sodium salts of Schwefelklareschester the C 12- C 18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol, or C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred.
• the C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred.
• 2,3-alkyl sulfates are also suitable anionic surfactants.
• fatty alcohol ether sulfates such as the Schwefelkladmonoester with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene ethoxylated straight-chain or branched C 7-21 alcohols, such as C 2-Methyl-9- n-branched alcohols containing on average 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 -18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable.
• the liquid detergent or cleaning agent contains a mixture of sulfonate and sulfate surfactants.
• the liquid washing or cleaning agent C 9 - 13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol ether sulfates as anionic surfactant.
• the ratio of the sulfate surfactants to sulfonate surfactants is preferably in the range of 3: 1 to 1: 3, and more preferably in the range of 3: 1 to 1: 1.
• the liquid detergent or cleaning agent may also contain soaps. Suitable are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, (hydrogenated) erucic acid and behenic acid and, in particular, soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel, olive oil or tallow fatty acids.
• the anionic surfactants and the soaps may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or magnesium or ammonium salts.
• the anionic surfactants are in the form of their sodium salts.
• Further preferred counterions for the anionic surfactants are also the protonated forms of choline, triethylamine, monoethanolamine or methylethylamine.
• the amount of soap in the liquid washing or cleaning agent is preferably up to 5% by weight and more preferably up to 2% by weight, based on the total amount of detergent or cleaning agent.
• the washing or cleaning agent contains not only the anionic surfactant but also nonionic surfactant.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated fatty alcohols having a degree of alkoxylation ⁇ 4, alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty acid amides, alkoxylated fatty acid amides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, amine oxides, alkyl polyglucosides, and mixtures thereof.
• the nonionic surfactant used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 4 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical may be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
• alcohol ethoxylates having linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 5 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
• Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 7 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C12 - 18 - Alcohols with 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these.
• the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
• Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
• fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
• Nonionic surfactants containing EO and PO groups together in the molecule can also be used according to the invention.
• a mixture of a (more) branched ethoxylated fatty alcohol and an unbranched ethoxylated fatty alcohol such as a mixture of a C 16-18 fatty alcohol with 7 EO and 2-propylheptanol with 7 EO.
• the washing, cleaning, after-treatment or washing assistant contains a C 12-18 fatty alcohol with 7 EO or a C 13-15 oxo alcohol with 7 EO as nonionic surfactant.
• the content of nonionic surfactant is 0.5 to 35, preferably 1 to 25, more preferably 1 to 15 wt .-%, each based on the total washing or cleaning agent.
• the liquid washing or cleaning agent according to the invention is characterized in that the mass ratio of nonionic surfactant to anionic surfactant in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 2.5.
• the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention necessarily contains a co-surfactant which is selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated C 8 -C 18 fatty alcohols having a degree of alkoxylation ⁇ 3, aliphatic C 6 -C 14 -alcohols, aromatic C 6 -C 14 Alcohols, aliphatic C 6 -C 12 dialcohols, monoglycerides of C 12 -C 18 fatty acids, monoglycerol ethers of C 8 -C 18 fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof.
• a co-surfactant which is selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated C 8 -C 18 fatty alcohols having a degree of alkoxylation ⁇ 3, aliphatic C 6 -C 14 -alcohols, aromatic C 6 -C 14 Alcohols, aliphatic C 6 -C 12 dialcohols, monoglycerides of C 12 -C 18 fatty acids, monoglycerol ethers of C 8 -C 18
• This co-surfactant is used in an amount of 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of 1 to 4.5 wt .-% and most preferably 2 to 4 wt .-%, each based on the total Detergents or cleaning agents used.
• Co-surfactants according to this application are amphiphilic molecules with a small, hydrophilic head group. In a binary system with water, these cosurfactants are only weakly or not at all soluble. Accordingly, they do not form micelles there either. In the presence of the claimed anionic and nonionic surfactants, the co-surfactants are incorporated into their associates and thereby change the morphology of these associates. The spherical micelles become rod-shaped and / or disc-shaped micelles. At a sufficiently high total surfactant content, the desired formation of lamellar phases or structures occurs. Thus, the inorganic salt and the co-surfactant contribute to the formation of the lamellar phases or structures.
• Suitable alkoxylated C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols with a degree of alkoxylation ⁇ 3 include, for example iC 13 H 27 O (CH 2 CH 2 O) 2 H, iC 13 H 27 O (CH 2 CH 2 O) 3 H, C 12-14 alcohol with 2 EO, C 12-14 alcohol with 3 EO, C 13-15 alcohol with 3 EO, C 12-18 alcohols containing 2 EO and C 12-18 alcohols containing 3 EO.
• cosurfactants are 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1,2-octanediol, stearic monoglycerol and mixtures thereof.
• Fragrance alcohols such as geraniol or fragrance aldehydes such as lilial or decanal are also suitable as cosurfactants.
• Preferred cosurfactants are C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols having a degree of alkoxylation ⁇ 3. These cosurfactants are incorporated particularly well into the associates of the anionic and nonionic surfactant.
• the washing or cleaning agent additionally contains a C 12 -C 18 fatty acid.
• C 12 -C 18 fatty acids can have a positive influence on the formation of lamellar structures or phases and in particular support their formation.
• the washing or cleaning agent contains the neutralized and unneutralized form of a C 12 -C 18 fatty acid.
• Suitable C 12 -C 18 fatty acids include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, (hydrogenated) erucic acid, behenic coconut fatty acid, palm kernel fatty acid, olive oil fatty acid and / or tallow fatty acid.
• the determination of the content of non-neutralized fatty acid in a liquid detergent or cleaning agent containing fatty acids can be carried out experimentally (for example by means of titration) or with knowledge of the pKa value of the fatty acid used with the aid of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
• the fatty acid soap may be derived from a different fatty acid than the C 12 -C 18 fatty acid used to further aid in the formation of lamellar structures or phases.
• the total amount of surfactant in the liquid washing or cleaning agent is up to 70 wt .-%, preferably 6 to 70 wt .-%, more preferably 6 to 45 wt .-%, based on the total liquid detergent or cleaning agent.
• Another essential constituent of the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention is the inorganic salt. This is, depending on the surfactant system used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of 1 to 8 wt .-% and most preferably 2 to 5 wt .-%, each based on the total Detergents or cleaning agents used.
• Preferred inorganic salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and mixtures thereof. Particularly stable washing or cleaning agents are obtained when using sodium chloride or mixtures of sodium chloride and potassium sulfate.
• the inorganic salt promotes the formation of lamellar structures.
• the inorganic salt has an influence on the viscosity of the washing or cleaning agent and with the aid of the inorganic salt, the viscosity can be adjusted so that the detergent or cleaning agent is easy to dose and a container with the detergent or cleaning a good residual emptying having.
• the agent also contains at least one liquid, amphiphilic, organic compound.
• “Liquid” as used in this context means that the compound is in liquid form at 20 ° C and 1 bar air pressure.
• the amphiphilic compound is selected from mono-, di- or polyhydric alcohols, ethers, esters, dioxolanes and combinations thereof.
• the compound comprises at least one hydroxyl, ester, dioxolane and / or ether group.
• Exemplary compounds are, for example, monoalcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol, monomeric diols, such as propanediols, butanediols, pentanediols, hexanediols, heptanediols, octanediols, monomeric and polymeric glycols such as (poly) ethylene glycol and (poly) propylene glycol, polyols such as glycerol, esters such as ethyl acetate, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), ethers such as THF, imines such as polyethyleneimine, and combinations thereof ,
• monoalcohols such as methanol,
• the amphiphilic compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of butyl glycol, propylene glycol, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,2-dioxolane, propylene carbonate, butyl lactate, 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol or mixtures thereof, more preferably propylene carbonate.
• the amphiphilic compounds are used in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the detergent formulation.
• the agents described herein further contain at least one hydrotrope.
• hydrotrope refers to additives or solvents which cause the increase in water solubility of poorly soluble (hydrophobic) organic compounds.
• a second component ie, the hydrotrope
• Such hydrotropes have hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties (such as surfactants) but without the tendency to form aggregates in water (as opposed to surfactants).
• these hydrotropes have no micelle-forming activity or the critical micelle formation concentration (CMC) is greater than 10 -4 mol / L, preferably greater than 10 -3 mol / L, and more preferably 10 -2 mol / L.
• CMC critical micelle formation concentration
• the hydrotropes used are selected, for example, from short-chain alkylbenzenesulfonates, in particular C 1-6 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, including but not limited to cumene sulfonate, toluenesulfonate and / or xylenesulfonate. These compounds allow greater flexibility of the amphiphilic compound to reduce viscosity and yield stress.
• the hydrotropes are preferably used in a range of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, more preferably from 1 to 2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaner formulation.
• structuring polymers can be added to the detergent formulations according to the invention.
• Such structuring polymers include polyacrylates, (microfibrillar) cellulose, clays or gums such as gellan gum, alginate, carrageenan, xanthan gum and guar. Particularly preferred is xanthan gum.
• the structuring polymers are preferably used in a range of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, more preferably from 0.1 to 0.2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the detergent formulation.
• the washing or cleaning agent may contain further ingredients which have the application-related and / or aesthetic properties of the detergent or cleaning agent on.
• the washing or cleaning agent preferably additionally contains one or more substances from the group of builders, bleaches, enzymes, nonaqueous solvents, pH adjusters, perfumes, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredeposition agents, grayness inhibitors, Anti-shrinkage agents, anti-wrinkling agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, preservatives, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, bittering agents, ironing aids, repellents and impregnating agents, swelling and anti-slip agents, plasticizing components and UV absorbers.
• silicates As builders which may be contained in the washing or cleaning agent, in particular silicates, aluminum silicates (especially zeolites), carbonates, salts of organic di- or polycarboxylic acids and mixtures of these substances may be mentioned.
• crystalline or amorphous alkali metal aluminosilicates in amounts of from 1% by weight to 5% by weight.
• the detergent-grade crystalline aluminosilicates especially zeolite NaA and optionally NaX, are preferred.
• suitable aluminosilicates have no particles with a particle size greater than 30 .mu.m and preferably consist of at least 80% by weight of particles having a size of less than 10 .mu.m.
• Their calcium binding capacity according to the information of the German Patent DE 24 12 837 can be determined ranges from 100 to 200 mg CaO per gram.
• Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for the said aluminosilicate are crystalline alkali metal silicates which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates.
• the alkali metal silicates useful as builders in the compositions preferably have a molar ratio of alkali metal oxide to SiO 2 below 0.95, in particular from 1: 1.1 to 1:12, and may be present in amorphous or crystalline form.
• Preferred alkali metal silicates are the sodium silicates, in particular the amorphous sodium silicates, with a molar ratio of Na 2 O: SiO 2 of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8.
• Such amorphous alkali silicates are commercially available, for example, under the name Portil®.
• Those with a molar ratio of Na 2 O: SiO 2 of 1: 1.9 to 1: 2.8 are preferably added in the course of the production as a solid and not in the form of a solution.
• the crystalline silicates which may be present alone or in admixture with amorphous silicates, are crystalline layer silicates with the general formula Na 2 Si x O 2x + 1 ⁇ are used yH 2 O, in which x, the so-called module, a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4.
• Preferred crystalline phyllosilicates are those in which x in the abovementioned general formula assumes the values 2 or 3.
• both ⁇ - and ⁇ -Natriumdisitikate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ⁇ yH 2 O
• amorphous alkali silicates practically anhydrous crystalline alkali metal silicates of the above general formula in which x is an integer from 1.9 to 2.1, can be used in the compositions described herein.
• a crystalline sodium layer silicate with a modulus of 2 to 3 is used, as can be prepared from sand and soda.
• Crystalline sodium silicates with a modulus in the range 1.9 to 3.5 are used in another preferred embodiment.
• the content of alkali metal silicates according to the invention may amount to 1% by weight to 15% by weight, based on anhydrous active substance.
• alkali metal aluminosilicate in particular zeolite
• the content of alkali silicate is preferably 1% by weight to 10% by weight and in particular 2% by weight to 8% by weight, based on anhydrous active substance.
• the weight ratio of aluminosilicate to silicate, in each case based on anhydrous active substances, is then preferably 4: 1 to 10: 1.
• the weight ratio of amorphous alkali metal silicate to crystalline alkali metal silicate is preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1 and especially 1: 1 to 2: 1.
• the water-soluble organic builder substances include, in particular, those from the class of polycarboxylic acids, in particular citric acid and sugar acids, but also adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, aminocarboxylic acids, such as nitriloacetic acid, methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), glutamic diacetic acid (GLDA), Derivatives of the foregoing and mixtures thereof.
• polycarboxylic acids in particular citric acid and sugar acids, but also adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, aminocarboxylic acids, such as nitriloacetic acid, methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), glutamic diacetic acid (GLDA), Derivatives of the foregoing and mixtures thereof.
• polymeric (poly) carboxylic acids in particular the polycarboxylates obtainable by oxidation of polysaccharides, polymeric acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, maleic acids and mixed polymers thereof, which may also contain polymerized small amounts of polymerizable substances without carboxylic acid functionality.
• the relative molecular mass of the homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids is generally between 5000 g / mol and 200,000 g / mol, that of the copolymers between 2000 g / mol and 200,000 g / mol, preferably 50,000 g / mol to 120,000 g / mol, based on the free acid ,
• a particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a molecular weight of 50,000 g / mol to 100,000 g / mol.
• Suitable, although less preferred, compounds of this class are copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinylmethyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene, in which the acid content is at least 50% by weight.
• vinyl ethers such as vinylmethyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene
• the acid content is at least 50% by weight.
• Terpolymers which contain two carboxylic acids and / or salts thereof as monomers and also vinyl alcohol and / or a vinyl alcohol derivative or a carbohydrate as the third monomer may also be used as water-soluble organic builder substances.
• the first acidic monomer or its salt is derived from a monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -carboxylic acid and preferably from a C 3 -C 4 -monocarboxylic acid, in particular from (meth) acrylic acid.
• the second acidic monomer or its salt may be a derivative of a C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acid, with maleic acid being particularly preferred.
• the third monomeric unit is formed in this case of vinyl alcohol and / or preferably an esterified vinyl alcohol.
• Preferred terpolymers contain from 60% by weight to 95% by weight, in particular from 70% by weight to 90% by weight, of (meth) acrylic acid and / or (meth) acrylate, particularly preferably acrylic acid and / or acrylate, and maleic acid and / or maleate and 5 wt .-% to 40 wt .-%, preferably 10 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% of vinyl alcohol and / or vinyl acetate.
• the second acidic monomer or its salt may also be a derivative of an allylsulfonic acid which is in the 2-position with an alkyl radical, preferably with a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical, or an aromatic radical which is preferably derived from benzene or benzene derivatives , is substituted.
• Preferred terpolymers contain from 40% by weight to 60% by weight, in particular from 45 to 55% by weight, of (meth) acrylic acid and / or (meth) acrylate, particularly preferably acrylic acid and / or acrylate, 10% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably from 15% to 25% by weight of methallylsulfonic acid and / or methallylsulfonate and as the third monomer from 15% to 40% by weight, preferably from 20% to 40% by weight of a carbohydrate.
• This carbohydrate may be, for example, a mono-, di-, oligo- or polysaccharide, mono-, di- or oligosaccharides being preferred, sucrose being particularly preferred.
• terpolymers generally have a molecular weight between 1000 g / mol and 200000 g / mol, preferably between 2000 g / mol and 50,000 g / mol and in particular between 3000 g / mol and 10,000 g / mol. They can be used, in particular for the preparation of liquid agents, in the form of aqueous solutions, preferably in the form of 30 to 50 percent by weight aqueous solutions. All the polycarboxylic acids mentioned are generally used in the form of their water-soluble salts, in particular their alkali metal salts.
• Such organic builder substances are preferably present in amounts of up to 40% by weight, in particular up to 25% by weight and particularly preferably from 1% by weight to 5% by weight.
• the washing or cleaning agent according to the invention further comprises at least one enzyme.
• enzymes are preferably selected from the group comprising protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, hemicellulase, oxidase, peroxidase, pectinase and mixtures thereof.
• proteases derived from microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi, come into question. It can be obtained in a known manner by fermentation processes from suitable microorganisms.
• Proteases are commercially available, for example, under the names BLAP®, Savinase®, Esperase®, Maxatase®, Optimase®, Alcalase®, Durazym® or Maxapem®.
• the lipase which can be used can be obtained, for example, from Humicola lanuginosa, from Bacillus species, from Pseudomonas species, from Fusarium species, from Rhizopus species or from Aspergillus species.
• Suitable lipases are commercially available, for example, under the names Lipolase®, Lipozym®, Lipomax®, Lipex®, Amano® lipase, Toyo-Jozo® lipase, Meito® lipase and Diosynth® lipase.
• Suitable amylases are commercially available, for example, under the names Maxamyl®, Termamyl®, Duramyl® and Purafect® OxAm.
• the usable cellulase may be a recoverable from bacteria or fungi enzyme, which has a pH optimum, preferably in the weakly acidic to slightly alkaline range of 6 to 9.5.
• Such cellulases are commercially available under the names Celluzyme®, Carezyme® and Ecostone®.
• Suitable pectinases are, for example, under the names Gamanase®, Pektinex AR®, X-Pect® or Pectaway® from Novozymes, under the name Rohapect UF®, Rohapect TPL®, Rohapect PTE100®, Rohapect MPE®, Rohapect MA plus HC, Rohapect DA12L ®, Rohapect 10L®, Rohapect B1L® from AB Enzymes and available under the name Pyrolase® from Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, USA.
• the agent according to the invention contains as enzyme at least one enzyme selected from protease, amylase, cellulase, mannanase, lipase and pectatlyase.
• the amount of enzyme or of the enzymes is 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0, 12 to about 3 wt .-%, based on the total washing or cleaning agent.
• the enzymes are preferably used as enzyme liquid formulation (s).
• the detergents or cleaners are liquid and contain water as the main solvent. It is preferred that the washing or cleaning agent more than 5 wt .-%, preferably more than 15 wt .-% and particularly preferably more than 25 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of detergent or cleaning agent, water contains.
• nonaqueous solvents other than the above-mentioned amphiphilic compounds and hydrotropes may be added to the washing or cleaning agent.
• a washing or cleaning agent may contain dispersed particles whose diameter along their greatest spatial extent is preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m.
• particles may be capsules, abrasives as well as powders, granules or compounds of compounds which are insoluble in the washing or cleaning agent, with capsules being preferred.
• capsule on the one hand understood aggregates with a core-shell structure and on the other hand aggregates with a matrix.
• Core-shell capsules contain at least one solid or liquid core which is enclosed by at least one continuous shell, in particular a shell of polymer (s).
• the capsules may include, for example, optical brighteners, surfactants, complexing agents, bleaches, bleach activators, dyes and fragrances, antioxidants, builders, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, graying inhibitors, anti redeposition agents, pH adjusters, electrolytes, detergency boosters, vitamins, proteins , Foam inhibitors and UV absorbers are located.
• the fillings of the capsules may be solids or liquids in the form of solutions or emulsions or suspensions.
• the capsules may have any shape in the production-related framework, but they are preferably approximately spherical. Their diameter along their largest spatial extent can be between 1 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m, depending on the components contained in their interior and the application.
• particles which have no core-shell structure but in which the active substance is distributed in a matrix of a matrix-forming material. Such particles are also referred to as "speckles”.
• the matrix formation in these materials takes place for example via gelation, polyanion-polycation interactions or polyelectrolyte-metal ion interactions and is well known in the art as well as the production of particles with these matrix-forming materials.
• An exemplary matrix-forming material is alginate.
• Alginatbasierter speckles an aqueous alginate solution which also contains the entrapped active ingredient or active ingredients to be entrapped is dripped and then ions in a Ca 2+ or Al 3+ ions cured precipitation bath containing.
• matrix-forming materials can be used instead of alginate.
• the particles can be stably dispersed in the liquid detergents or cleaners.
• Stable means that the detergents or cleaners are stable at room temperature for a period of at least 4 weeks, and preferably at least 6 weeks, without the particles being creamed, accumulated or sedimented in the composition.
• the release of the active ingredients from the capsules is usually carried out by destruction of the shell or the matrix due to mechanical, thermal, chemical or enzymatic action.
• liquid detergents or cleaners contain capsules in which one or more fragrances are contained.
• the particles may comprise abrasives such as plastic or calcium carbonate beads as well as powders, granules or compounds of compounds insoluble in the detergent or cleaning agent.
• abrasives such as plastic or calcium carbonate beads as well as powders, granules or compounds of compounds insoluble in the detergent or cleaning agent.
• the liquid washing or cleaning agent contains identical or different particles in amounts of 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0, 1 to 8 wt .-% and most preferably 0.2 to 5 wt. -%.
• the washing or cleaning agent can be used for washing and / or cleaning fabrics or hard surfaces. Washing or cleaning process, d. H.
• processes for cleaning textiles are generally distinguished by the fact that cleaning-active substances are applied to the items to be cleaned and washed off after the action time in one or more process steps, or that the items to be cleaned in any other way with a detergent or a solution of this agent is treated.
• temperatures of up to 95 ° C or less, 90 ° C or less, 60 ° C or less, 50 ° C or less, 40 ° C or less , 30 ° C or less or 20 ° C or less are based on the temperatures used in the washing or cleaning steps.
• the constituents of the washing or cleaning agents can be mixed in stirred tanks, initially water is introduced. Then the nonaqueous solvents and surfactants, including the cosurfactant, and the apmphiphilic compound and optionally the hydrotrope and / or the polymeric structurant are added. Subsequently, if present, the fatty acid is added and the saponification of the fatty acid portion and the neutralization of the anionic surfactants, which are used in the acid form. Then the other ingredients, preferably in portions, are added.
• the inorganic salt may be added as a solid or in the form of a concentrated solution at various times in the manufacturing process.
• the flow limits of the detergents or cleaners can be measured with a rotary rheometer from TA-Instruments, type AR G2 at 23 ° C. This is a so-called shear stress controlled rheometer.
• the following procedure is used at 23 ° C.:
• the samples are loaded in the rheometer with a time-increasing shear stress s (t).
• the shear stress can be increased in the course of 10 minutes from the smallest possible value (eg 2 mPa) to eg 10 Pa.
• the deformation y of the sample is measured.
• the deformation is plotted against the shear stress in a double-logarithmic plot. If the examined sample has a yield point, clearly two areas can be distinguished in this plot. Below a certain shear stress, one finds a purely elastic deformation.
• the slope of the curve ⁇ ( ⁇ ) (log-log plot) in this area is one. Above this shear stress, the flow range begins and the slope of the curve is suddenly higher. The shear stress at which the bending of the curve takes place, ie the transition from the elastic to a plastic deformation, marks the yield stress. A convenient determination of the break point is possible by applying tangents to the two curve parts. Samples without yield point do not show a characteristic kink in the function ⁇ ( ⁇ ).
• the yield value is between 0.01 and 1000 Pa, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 100 Pa or 0.2 to 100 Pa, more preferably 1 to 50 Pa or 0.01 to 10 Pa.
• the agents can be packed in foil pouches, for example.
• Pouches made of water-soluble film make it unnecessary for the consumer to tear open the packaging. In this way, a convenient dosing of a single, sized for a wash portion by inserting the bag directly into the washing machine or by throwing the bag into a certain amount of water, for example in a bucket, a bowl or hand basin, possible.
• the film bag surrounding the washing portion dissolves without residue when it reaches a certain temperature.
• thermoforming process thermoforming process
• the water-soluble envelopes do not necessarily consist of a film material, but can also represent dimensionally stable containers that can be obtained for example by means of an injection molding process.
• the filling material is injected into the forming capsule, wherein the injection pressure of the filling liquid presses the polymer bands in the Kugelschalenkavticianen.
• a process for the preparation of water-soluble capsules in which first the filling and then the sealing takes place, is based on the so-called Bottle-Pack® process. In this case, a tubular preform is guided into a two-part cavity. The cavity is closed, the lower tube portion is sealed, then the tube is inflated to form the capsule shape in the cavity, filled and finally sealed.
• the shell material used for the preparation of the water-soluble portion is preferably a water-soluble polymeric thermoplastic, more preferably selected from the group (optionally partially acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, cellulose and derivatives thereof, starch and derivatives thereof, blends and composites, inorganic salts and mixtures of said materials, preferably hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and / or polyvinyl alcohol blends.
• Polyvinyl alcohols are commercially available, for example under the trademark Mowiol® (Clariant).
• Polyvinyl alcohols which are particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example, Mowiol® 3-83, Mowiol® 4-88, Mowiol® 5-88, Mowiol® 8-88 and Clariant L648.
• the water-soluble thermoplastic used to prepare the portion may additionally optionally comprise polymers selected from the group comprising acrylic acid-containing polymers, polyacrylamides, oxazoline polymers, polystyrene sulfonates, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyethers and / or mixtures of the above polymers.
• the water-soluble thermoplastic used comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis makes up 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and in particular 82 to 88 mol%. It is further preferred that the water-soluble thermoplastic used comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose molecular weight is in the range from 10,000 to 100,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 11,000 to 90,000 gmol -1 , more preferably from 12,000 to 80,000 gmol -1 and especially from 13,000 to 70,000 gmol -1 lies.
• thermoplastics are used in amounts of at least 50% by weight, preferably of at least 70% by weight, more preferably of at least 80% by weight and in particular of at least 90% by weight, based in each case on the weight the water-soluble polymeric thermoplastic.

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