EP3447377A1 - Système de protection d'échangeur thermique et procédé de construction d'un système de protection d'échangeur thermique - Google Patents

Système de protection d'échangeur thermique et procédé de construction d'un système de protection d'échangeur thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3447377A1
EP3447377A1 EP18020385.3A EP18020385A EP3447377A1 EP 3447377 A1 EP3447377 A1 EP 3447377A1 EP 18020385 A EP18020385 A EP 18020385A EP 3447377 A1 EP3447377 A1 EP 3447377A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic
ceramic plates
heat exchanger
spacers
groove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18020385.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3447377B1 (fr
Inventor
Detlef R. Elling
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to PL18020385T priority Critical patent/PL3447377T3/pl
Publication of EP3447377A1 publication Critical patent/EP3447377A1/fr
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Publication of EP3447377B1 publication Critical patent/EP3447377B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
    • F27D1/0009—Comprising ceramic fibre elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F27D1/06—Composite bricks or blocks, e.g. panels, modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2700/00—Constructional details of combustion chambers
    • F23M2700/005—Structures of combustion chambers or smoke ducts
    • F23M2700/0056—Bricks for water tube combustion chamber walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protection system for heat exchangers for preventing the contact of flames, embers and pollutants arising in a combustion process with the heat exchanger according to the preamble of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for constructing such a protection system according to the preamble of the preamble of claims or 8.
  • the energy of a first medium is transferred to a second medium with or without phase change, without the two media being in direct contact or touching each other.
  • the energy exchange takes place via the heat exchanger.
  • Combustion temperatures in incinerators are often over 1000 ° C. This often leads to corrosion phenomena on the heat exchangers due to flue gases.
  • the side facing the combustion chamber of the heat exchanger is protected by pipe wall panels.
  • a known pipe wall lining has a heat shield brick and a device for lining the combustion chamber wall with the heat shield bricks.
  • the device consists of a support structure and a fastener for attachment the heat shield stones on the support structure.
  • the heat shield bricks have mounting grooves into which the fastener attached to the support structure engages, thereby holding the heat shield bricks securely to the support structure.
  • the heat shield brick has a hot side, which is arranged during assembly in the manner that it faces the hot medium.
  • the hot side consists of a high temperature resistant material.
  • a cushioning pad is integrally disposed in the heat shield brick, which is mounted outside the hot side.
  • the damping insert consists of a ceramic material, in particular a ceramic fiber material, which is firmly connected as a fabric mat with the base material of the heat shield stone.
  • a ceramic material in particular a ceramic fiber material
  • the damping insert By arranging the damping insert on the back and sides of the heat shield bricks, the vibrations and / or shocks between the heat shield brick and the combustion chamber wall and between the individual bricks are damped. However, should a heat shield brick break or be damaged, falling out of the pieces is prevented by the integral connection of the heat-resistant ceramic and the fiber material of the damping insert ( WO 2001/61250 A1 ).
  • Another pipe wall cladding consists of holders, tiles, spacers, felt and concrete.
  • the geometry of the holder is similar to a bolt with a bolt head.
  • the holders are welded to the long cylindrical end on the heat exchanger.
  • the length of the holder determines the later distance of the tiles to the heat exchanger.
  • the tiles are optionally used in the middle of the connecting grooves insertion slots.
  • the tiles have a reinforcement in the region of the connecting groove.
  • the material from which the tiles are made is nitridically bonded silicon carbide.
  • these tiles are fixed with wedges on the holders.
  • the wedges are inserted into the connecting groove up to the head part of the holder and act between the head of the holder and the head wall opposite the inner wall of the connecting groove, so that the head of the holder against the slot opening is pressed.
  • the spacers must be placed on the corners of the tile or in the crossing points of the cross joints. These are used to align the tiles horizontally and vertically.
  • the spacers are made of high-temperature fibers and plastic.
  • the spacers are always placed in the crossing point of the joints, which although a counterbalancing of the tiles in all directions is possible, but this results in high mounting voltages, whereby the spacers often break and deviations in the heat exchanger wall can be more difficult compensated.
  • the holders used are special parts and thus require an extra production for the pipe wall cladding, resulting in high unit costs.
  • a variation of the distance of the tiles to the heat exchanger is difficult, since the distance is determined by the length of the holder. Since the holders are attached to the heat exchangers by welding and these holders are not standard parts, these holders must have special ones Welding recordings are developed and extra welding procedure tests are carried out, which entails additional expenditure and costs.
  • Another disadvantage of the holder is that its head is flattened, whereby the holder orthogonal and the flattened head must be welded horizontally, so that the plates can be easily pushed and hold. Thus, the cost of mounting the holder is very high.
  • the described pipe wall cladding has a further disadvantage, which results from the fixing of the tiles by means of the wedges described.
  • the method of building the pipe wall lining has disadvantages.
  • the pipe protection wall is completely built up before casting and thus does not offer the possibility of controlling the casting process.
  • the spacers must always be installed prior to casting, as these are necessary for the horizontal and vertical alignment of the tiles, which has the disadvantage that the pouring of the cavity to contamination with concrete residues on the spacers or in the area to which the felt is to be attached later can lead. Such contamination can lead to expansion problems later in the combustion process of the plant, which can result in damage to the pipe protection wall.
  • the object of the invention is to change the known pipe wall panels so that they are more economical to manufacture and in construction and have a higher process reliability during casting, so that no cavities are formed and thus a maximum efficiency is achieved.
  • the protection system according to the invention with the characterizing feature of claim 1 has the advantage that the spacer does not protrude into the region of the combustion chamber and thus remain no residues of high-temperature fibers after firing the combustion chamber. This is achieved in that the spacer is inserted into the groove of the ceramic plate and has a circumferential bead whose height determines the gap width between the ceramic plates. Since the width of the bead is smaller than the wall thickness of the ceramic plate in the region of the groove, the spacer never protrudes into the combustion chamber of the incinerator.
  • the spacer is a hollow body, which has openings at the two ends, which protrude into the ceramic plates arranged one above the other. This ensures that the flow of concrete during casting can spread unhindered along the groove of the ceramic plates in the area of the spacers. Thus, it is prevented that cavities arise in the areas of the grooves, which have an insulating effect and reduce the efficiency of the incinerator.
  • the hollow spacer in addition in the region in which the opening of the groove of the ceramic plate is in the assembled state, a vertical gap with an approximately identical width as the opening of the groove of the ceramic plate.
  • standard components are used for the attachment of the ceramic plates, which can be ordered and it requires no further processing for their use or processing.
  • Standard bolts already have a welding procedure test, so that the costs can be saved. Furthermore, you can use the bolts in different Order lengths without having to make them separately.
  • special customizations of welding head receivers can be saved as there are standard welding systems.
  • the head bolt must be welded orthogonal to the surface of the heat exchanger, but the head bolt can be rotated arbitrarily about its own axis. This allows the mounting of the head bolts to the heat exchanger done much faster.
  • An additional advantageous embodiment of the invention is that between two horizontally adjacent ceramic plates clamping springs are arranged. This decouples the horizontal from the vertical orientation of the ceramic plates. With the help of the clamping springs, only the horizontal alignment takes place. The spacers are used exclusively for vertical alignment. Since the wire of the clamping springs is very thin, the wire burns when heating the incinerator and it can not be residues of the combustion process, such. As ash deposit.
  • wedges are used for fixing the pushed onto the head bolts ceramic plates.
  • the wedges are inserted between the pipe wall and the ceramic plates. This has the advantage over the prior art that the groove of the ceramic plate remains free and can be filled well with fluid concrete. Furthermore, each individual ceramic plate can be individually aligned.
  • the inventive method with the features of claim 7 allows a very safe installation at a lower cost of the protective wall, since the process can be very well controlled. This is made possible by the use of standardized head bolts, which are welded to the heat exchanger very quickly by means of a stud welding process. Furthermore, the use of clamping springs allows each horizontal row of ceramic plates to be aligned very quickly. Because the horizontal and vertical balancing of the plates separately This can be done faster because the compensation is not as complex as when using only the spacers. Thus, each row can be potted separately for better control of the casting process.
  • the ceramic plates with spacers, sealants and optionally clamping springs and wedges are first mounted in the inventive method according to claim 8 and then filled the gap between the heat exchanger and ceramic tiles with fluid concrete.
  • This allows a very fast installation of the protection system.
  • the spacer also allows a very fast and yet exact installation of the superimposed ceramic plates by its simple and intuitive plug-in function.
  • the process control during casting is not given in the manner as in the method having the features of claim 7.
  • Fig. 1a to 1c show schematically the front view, the side view and the top view of a protection system according to the invention, consisting of ceramic plates 1, head bolts 2, spacers 3, clamping springs 4, 5 sealing compound and fluidized concrete 6.
  • the protection system is arranged in front of a heat exchanger 7.
  • the head bolts 2 are welded to the webs 9 by means of stud welding.
  • the head bolts 2 determine along their length with the wall thickness of the protection system and are usually 35 mm long. The longer the head bolts 2, the thicker the protection system.
  • the head bolts 2, consisting of stainless and heat-resistant stainless steel, are standardized purchase parts and ensure by their arrangement an even distribution of the load of the protection system on the heat exchanger. 7
  • the ceramic plates 1 are pushed by means of a arranged on the ceramic plates 1 groove 10 ( Fig. 1c such as Fig. 3a to 3c ).
  • the groove 10 is located in a reinforced portion 11 of the ceramic plate 1, so that the strength of the ceramic plate 1 is not reduced or a predetermined breaking point is generated.
  • two supporting head bolts 2 are provided, as in FIG Fig. 1b can be seen.
  • optionally insertion openings 12, as in the Fig. 3a and 3c can be seen, arranged in the middle of the groove 10 to facilitate the sliding of the ceramic plates 1.
  • the ceramic plates 1 are made of nitridically bonded silicon carbide and are sintered and then fired so that the porous surface closes after sintering and a smooth surface is formed.
  • the ceramic plates 1 thus have a very high oxidation resistance with a very good thermal conductivity.
  • the sliding of the ceramic plates 1 is done horizontally row by row, as in Fig. 1c shown.
  • Fig. 4a and 4b illustrated clamping springs 4, which are inserted horizontally between the ceramic plates 1.
  • the clamping springs 4 are made of spring wire which is reshaped in such a way that four clamping surfaces 13, two for each of the horizontally adjacent ceramic plates 1, arise.
  • the wire of the clamping springs 4 is self-contained, the two ends being connected by means of tungsten inert gas welding.
  • the distance a between two voltage applied to one and the same ceramic plate 1 clamping spring 4 is equal to or smaller than the thickness b of the ceramic plate 1.
  • the voltage applied to a ceramic plate 1 two clamping surfaces 13, starting from the connecting them central web 14, in the direction of the ceramic plate. 1 , so inclined against each other to allow a balancing with good clamping effect.
  • this clamping springs 4 protrude during assembly into the combustion chamber 15 of the incinerator, but they consist of a corresponding material and have a small wall thickness, which causes the protruding into the combustion chamber 15 parts of the clamping springs 4 burn when operating the incinerator.
  • This sealing means 5 is made of heat-resistant biolösbaren paper and is arranged at each circumferential edge of the ceramic plates 1.
  • the spacers 3 are hollow bodies which have at their upper and lower ends which are inserted into the ceramic plates 1, openings 16 and also has a vertical gap 17 which corresponds in width to the opening width of the groove 10 of the ceramic plate 1 and in the inserted state in the area the opening of the groove 10 of the ceramic plate 1 is located.
  • the spacer 3 has a peripheral bead 18, which determines the later distance or the gap between the ceramic plates 1, which in the embodiment is 5 mm.
  • the spacer 3 is inserted so deep into the groove 10 of the ceramic plate 1 until the circumferential bead 18 of the spacer 3 rests on the top of the ceramic plate 1. If the sealing means 5 extends as far as the groove 10, this is compressed by placing the overlying ceramic plates 1 on the spacer 3 through the latter in the region of the bead 18, so that the ceramic plates 1 are also sealed in this area.
  • At its upper and lower opening 16 bevels 19 are worked to facilitate insertion into the ceramic plates 1.
  • the spacers 3 are made of polypropylene and high-temperature fibers, wherein the plastic burns when gating the incinerator and gassed and only the structure of the high-temperature fiber between the ceramic plates 1 remains. Due to the design of the spacers 3 as a hollow body, these do not interfere with casting with the flowable concrete 6.
  • the fluidized concrete 6 can flow unhindered through the spacers 3 within the groove 10 of the ceramic plates 1 or the fluidized concrete 6 can vent well during casting, without cavities form behind the ceramic plates 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP18020385.3A 2017-08-14 2018-08-14 Échangeur thermique avec un système de protection et procédé de construction d'un système de protection d'échangeur thermique Active EP3447377B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18020385T PL3447377T3 (pl) 2017-08-14 2018-08-14 Wymiennik ciepła z układem zabezpieczającym i sposób budowy układu zabezpieczającego wymiennik ciepła

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017007606.5A DE102017007606B4 (de) 2017-08-14 2017-08-14 Schutzsystem für Wärmetauscher und Verfahren zum Aufbau eines Schutzsystems für Wärmetauscher

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3447377A1 true EP3447377A1 (fr) 2019-02-27
EP3447377B1 EP3447377B1 (fr) 2020-08-05

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EP18020385.3A Active EP3447377B1 (fr) 2017-08-14 2018-08-14 Échangeur thermique avec un système de protection et procédé de construction d'un système de protection d'échangeur thermique

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Country Link
EP (1) EP3447377B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102017007606B4 (fr)
PL (1) PL3447377T3 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4108754A1 (de) * 1991-03-18 1992-09-24 Schweiss Service Detlef Koeste Stuetzlasche fuer platten zum bekleiden von flossenrohren und mit solchen laschen versehene flossenrohrwand eines dampferzeugers
DE19804311A1 (de) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-05 Juenger & Graeter Gmbh Feuerfe Verankerungsvorrichtung für Stahlrohraggregate abdeckende Steinplatten
WO2001061250A1 (fr) 2000-02-17 2001-08-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pierre de protection thermique et dispositif de garniture d'une paroi de chambre de combustion et turbine a gaz
DE102009024128B3 (de) * 2009-06-06 2010-09-16 Ooms-Ittner-Hof Gmbh Feuerfeste Platte für eine Rohrwandverkleidung
WO2015187007A1 (fr) 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Hkh Development B.V. Revêtement de paroi de tube réfractaire destiné à un incinérateur

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4108754A1 (de) * 1991-03-18 1992-09-24 Schweiss Service Detlef Koeste Stuetzlasche fuer platten zum bekleiden von flossenrohren und mit solchen laschen versehene flossenrohrwand eines dampferzeugers
DE19804311A1 (de) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-05 Juenger & Graeter Gmbh Feuerfe Verankerungsvorrichtung für Stahlrohraggregate abdeckende Steinplatten
WO2001061250A1 (fr) 2000-02-17 2001-08-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pierre de protection thermique et dispositif de garniture d'une paroi de chambre de combustion et turbine a gaz
DE102009024128B3 (de) * 2009-06-06 2010-09-16 Ooms-Ittner-Hof Gmbh Feuerfeste Platte für eine Rohrwandverkleidung
WO2015187007A1 (fr) 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Hkh Development B.V. Revêtement de paroi de tube réfractaire destiné à un incinérateur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3447377T3 (pl) 2021-01-11
DE102017007606B4 (de) 2019-02-21
DE102017007606A1 (de) 2019-02-14
EP3447377B1 (fr) 2020-08-05

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