EP3447312B1 - Loading device for a combustion engine - Google Patents
Loading device for a combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3447312B1 EP3447312B1 EP18197629.1A EP18197629A EP3447312B1 EP 3447312 B1 EP3447312 B1 EP 3447312B1 EP 18197629 A EP18197629 A EP 18197629A EP 3447312 B1 EP3447312 B1 EP 3447312B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- rear wall
- space
- motor
- seal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
- F02B33/34—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps
- F02B33/40—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps of non-positive-displacement type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
- F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
- F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D13/0606—Canned motor pumps
- F04D13/062—Canned motor pumps pressure compensation between motor- and pump- compartment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/068—Mechanical details of the pump control unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0693—Details or arrangements of the wiring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/083—Sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/668—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps damping or preventing mechanical vibrations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charging device for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a vehicle.
- Charging devices for internal combustion engines are known from the prior art, which compress the charge air of the internal combustion engine by means of a compressor.
- the compressor wheel in the compressor is driven by means of an electric motor.
- an electric motor for driving a compressor wheel accommodated in a compressor housing is known, the electric motor being supplied with electrical energy by at least one motor plug connection and the motor plug connection being arranged on an axial side of the electric motor that faces the compressor housing.
- the EP 2 733 326 A1 shows an electric charging device with a first cooling channel which is formed in a stator along a motor coil and connects a gas supply opening with a gas discharge opening in a motor housing, and a first inlet channel which connects the gas discharge opening with an inlet opening of a compressor.
- the WO 98/30790 A2 describes a motor driven compressor assembly having a compressor air inlet, a pressure rotor, a compressed air outlet and an electric motor for the compressor rotor, the air inlet of the compressor assembly being arranged to direct the intake air flow to the compressor rotor in a heat transfer relationship with the electric motor.
- the motor-driven compressor includes an outer housing and a housing for the electric motor, which together form the air inlet, so that the intake air flow through the air inlet thus formed cools the engine housing.
- the charging device and the internal combustion engine are used in particular in a vehicle.
- the charging device comprises a compressor with a compressor housing and a compression chamber.
- a compressor wheel is arranged in the compressor chamber.
- the charging device further comprises an electric motor with a rotor and a stator.
- a motor housing is also provided.
- An engine room is formed in the engine case. This is used to hold the stator and the rotor.
- a connection from the compressor compartment to the engine compartment enables pressure to be equalized between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment. This has the The advantage is that high pressure differences between the engine compartment and the compressor compartment can be avoided. As a result, the forces on the seals and the bearings, for example due to high pressures without pressure compensation, can be avoided or reduced. This reduces the risk that lubricants or the like will be pressed by the bearings and / or seals into the compressor compartment or the engine compartment and cause damage there.
- the compressor housing can be closed on the side facing the motor housing by a rear wall, the rear wall being opposite a wall of the motor housing, and an inlet opening of the connection being arranged in the rear wall.
- a power electronics circuit for controlling the electric motor is arranged in a receiving space which is arranged in particular between the rear wall and the wall of the motor housing.
- the receiving space is hermetically sealed from the compression space and the engine compartment.
- the compressor housing thus has an open side on its side facing the stator before assembly.
- This open side is located between the compressor wheel and the electric motor.
- the open side can be closed by means of the rear wall.
- this rear wall can be an independent component manufactured separately from the compressor housing.
- the power electronics circuit is used to control the electric motor.
- This receiving space is hermetically sealed from the compressor space and from the engine compartment.
- the hermetic seal means, in particular, a seal against both gases and liquids.
- the rear wall can be made of: plastic or metal, in particular thermoset, high temperature resistant Polyamide, fiber-reinforced plastic or aluminum.
- the rear wall can have several reinforcing ribs.
- the reinforcing ribs can extend outward in a star shape, starting from a central recess in the rear wall.
- the reinforcing ribs can be formed on the side of the rear wall facing the electric motor.
- knobs with a height of 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, in particular 0.2 to 0.4 mm can be provided on the rear wall on a side facing the compressor, which provide a defined axial positioning of the rear wall relative to the compressor housing.
- the knobs can be convexly shaped so that they are easily deformable.
- the direct connection from the compressor room to the engine room has a pipe socket in order to enable pressure equalization between the two rooms.
- This pipe socket extends in the axial direction through the rear wall, the receiving space and the wall of the motor housing into the motor compartment in order to form a direct fluid-conducting connection between the motor compartment and the compressor compartment.
- the pipe socket is designed in such a way that only a connection can be made between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment and no connection to the receiving compartment. It can preferably be provided that the pipe socket is an integral part of the one-piece rear wall. Furthermore, the pipe socket is advantageously located eccentrically to the shaft of the charging device.
- connection between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment in order to enable the pressure equalization can have further components.
- at least one membrane can be provided, for example a semipermeable membrane, in order to allow gases to pass through and to hold back solid or liquid particles.
- the membrane can be attached in the pipe socket, at the inlet opening on the rear wall and / or at an outlet of the pipe socket in the area of the engine compartment.
- a device can also be provided which regulates or controls the connection or the flow through the connection between the rooms.
- a device can be in the form a valve and / or a nozzle, for example a Venturi nozzle, can be integrated. This has the advantage that the connection between the compressor chamber and the engine compartment not only enables pressure equalization, but at the same time the pressure equalization can be controlled or regulated and / or contamination by liquids or particles can be avoided.
- the compressor wheel has a certain diameter D1.
- the center of an inlet opening of the connection or of the pipe socket in the rear wall can be spaced from a center point M of the rear wall by a distance A1.
- the distance A1 is preferably between 0.2 ⁇ (D1 / 2) and 0.9 ⁇ (D1 / 2), in particular between 0.4 ⁇ (D1 / 2) and 0.8 ⁇ (D1 / 2).
- At least one elevation for discharging the particles is formed on the side of the rear wall facing the compressor in the area of the inlet opening of the pipe socket.
- the at least one elevation extends in the circumferential direction.
- the at least one elevation is located around the entire circumference of the inlet opening of the pipe socket.
- one or more elevations are arranged in the circumferential direction in a sickle shape around the inlet opening.
- the at least one elevation ensures that, due to their inertia, particles are at least highly likely to be thrown past the inlet opening and, for example, are not discharged with the condensate, but are fed to the combustion process in the internal combustion engine with the compressed air.
- At least two elevations can be arranged.
- the elevations are preferably separated from one another by a depression.
- An imaginary median line is defined which runs through the center of the inlet opening and the center point M of the rear wall.
- the recess extends along an imaginary auxiliary axis.
- the auxiliary axis preferably intersects the center line radially outside the inlet opening.
- first depression In the circumferential direction, there can preferably be at least one first depression and a corresponding plurality of elevations in front of and behind the inlet opening.
- the auxiliary axes of the first depressions then each have a first angle ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1 to the central line and advantageously intersect the central line radially outside the inlet opening.
- second recesses and correspondingly further elevations can preferably be provided in the circumferential direction in front of and behind the first recesses.
- the auxiliary straight lines of the second depressions each have a second angle ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2 to the central straight line and intersect the central straight line radially outside of the inlet opening.
- the first and second angles ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2) are each between 70 ° and 20 °, preferably between 60 ° and 25 °.
- the first angles ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1) are advantageously smaller than the second angles ( ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2).
- the first angles ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1) are at most 95% of the second angles ( ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2).
- the compressor wheel has the diameter D1 (largest diameter of the compressor wheel).
- the totality of the elevations can extend over a length L.
- the length L is measured perpendicular to the center line and parallel to a plane that is spanned by the rear wall.
- the length L is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
- the length L is preferably between 0.7 ⁇ D1 and 0.2 ⁇ D1, in particular between 0.6 ⁇ D1 and 0.3 ⁇ D1.
- the totality of the elevations can extend over a segment angle ⁇ , measured with respect to the center point M of the rear wall and in the plane the back wall.
- the segment angle ⁇ is preferably between 120 ° and 45 °, in particular between 100 ° and 60 °.
- the radial inner edge of the elevations can follow an arc shape.
- the arc shape preferably has a continuously changing radius with respect to the center point M.
- a first radius R1 is defined on the central line, which rises towards the outer ends of the elevations up to a second radius R2.
- the second radius R2 is particularly preferably at least 110% of the first radius R1.
- a height H1 of the at least one elevation, measured in the axial direction, is preferably between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
- the edges of the at least one elevation are preferably rounded with a defined radius R3.
- the radius is preferably between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm.
- the arrangement of the elevations and depressions is preferably symmetrical to the central line which runs through the center of the inlet opening and the center M of the rear wall.
- a sealing point can preferably be formed at this point in order to seal off the compressor compartment from the engine compartment.
- the sealing point is provided either as a contactless seal or as a dynamic seal, in particular with at least one piston ring.
- a contacting seal in particular piston rings, is deliberately omitted in order to prevent the piston rings from "seizing" (notching) in the motor housing.
- a further seal is preferably provided between the connection, in particular in the form of a pipe socket, from the compressor compartment to the motor compartment and the wall of the motor housing.
- a device is provided to enable pressure equalization between the receiving space and the environment. It can also be provided that at least one electrical conductor extends from the power electronics circuit through the motor housing, in order to enable an electrically conductive connection between the power electronics circuit and the electric motor.
- the charging device can also have a bearing device for supporting a shaft which connects the rotor to the compressor wheel, the bearing device having a device for vibration damping.
- the vibration damping can, for example, enable the shaft to run quieter and more evenly, as well as with less vibration.
- Figure 1 shows the charging device 1 comprising a compressor 2 in a sectional view.
- the compressor 2 has a compressor housing 3.
- a compressor wheel 4 is arranged in the compressor housing 3. This compressor wheel 4 is located in the so-called compressor room.
- the charging device 1 also includes an electric motor 5.
- the electric motor 5 is composed of a rotor 6 and a stator 7.
- the rotor 6 is connected to the compressor wheel 4 in a rotationally fixed manner via a shaft 8. By rotating the electric motor 5, the compressor wheel 4 is thus also set in rotation.
- the compressor wheel 4 and the rotor 6 are arranged coaxially so that the shaft 8 is also the rotor shaft at the same time.
- Figure 1 shows an axial direction 18 corresponding to the shaft 8.
- a radial direction 19 is perpendicular to the axial direction 18.
- a circumferential direction 20 is defined around the axial direction 18.
- the charging device 1 further comprises an engine housing 9.
- An engine compartment 10 is formed in this engine housing 9.
- the engine compartment 10 is closed by means of a cover 12 on the side facing away from the compressor 2.
- the engine compartment 10 is delimited towards the compressor 2 by a wall 11 of the engine housing 9.
- the compressor housing 3 is open on its side facing the motor housing 9. This open side is closed by means of a rear wall 13.
- the rear wall 13 is made of plastic, in particular thermoset, or of metal, in particular aluminum. In the manufacture of plastic, high temperature-resistant polyamide is used in particular.
- the rear wall 13 is made of fiber-reinforced plastic.
- nubs 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, in particular 0.2 to 0.4 mm high knobs can be provided, which provide a defined axial positioning of the rear wall 13 relative to the compressor housing.
- the knobs can have a convex shape so that they are easily deformable.
- the wall 11 of the motor housing 9 is firmly connected to the compressor housing 3, in particular screwed.
- a receiving space 14 is formed between the rear wall 13 and the wall 11.
- the receiving space 14 is hermetically sealed from the compressor space and from the engine compartment 10.
- a device 40 is provided which enables pressure equalization between the receiving space 14 and the environment. Further details on device 40 for pressure equalization are given below in connection with Figure 9 described.
- the shaft 8 is supported by a first bearing 16 opposite the wall 11 of the motor housing 9.
- a second bearing 17 is located between the shaft 8 and the cover 12.
- Figure 3 shows two O-rings 38 between the outer ring of the first bearing 16 and the adjoining motor housing 9. These O-rings 38 serve, among other things, as a device for damping vibrations. As shown, the O-rings 38 can be inserted into a groove in the outer ring of the bearings 16 and 17 (see Figures 1 and 3 ) sit. Additionally or alternatively, a groove can also be provided in the motor housing 9 or the cover 12.
- the O-rings 38 are preferably made of HNBR, rubber or rubber.
- the motor housing 9 and / or the cover 12 can be made of aluminum, for example.
- the outer ring of the bearings 16, 17 is usually made of steel.
- the O-rings 38 can avoid an unfavorable, chemically active material pairing.
- the O-rings 38 dampened mechanical vibrations.
- the O-rings 38 thus ensure chemical and mechanical decoupling.
- the device for Have vibration damping at least one spring element (not shown).
- the spring element can be arranged, for example, in the axial direction 18 between the bearing 16 and the motor housing 9 and / or the bearing 17 and the cover 12 (for example, as seen in the free space between the bearing 17 and the cover 12 in FIG Figure 1 ).
- the wall 11 of the motor housing 9 has an axially extending section 37.
- the power electronics circuit 15 and, accordingly, the receiving space 14 are located radially within this section 37.
- At least one first seal 21 and one second seal 22 are provided for the hermetic sealing of the receiving space 14. These seals 21, 22 are based on the detailed representations in Figures 2 and 3 explained.
- Figure 2 shows the first seal 21 in detail.
- the compressor housing 3 has a first inner circumferential surface 24.
- the wall 11 has a first radial surface 25.
- a first outer circumferential surface 23 is defined on the rear wall 13.
- the first seal 21 is arranged between the first radial surface 25 of the wall 11 and a second radial surface 26 of the compressor housing 3.
- the compressor housing 3 has a second radial surface 26.
- the first seal 21 is arranged completely between the first outer circumferential surface 23, the first inner circumferential surface 24, the first radial surface 25 and the second radial surface 26 and is braced between the first radial surface 25 and the second radial surface 26 in the axial direction 18, whereby the sealing effect is generated.
- the seal between the first radial surface 25 and the first seal 21 is not as pronounced as between the second radial surface 26 and the first seal 21 in order to position the rear wall 13 on the motor housing 9 during the pressing.
- Recesses can be seen in the rear wall 13 and the wall 11, which serve to lead the shaft 8 through from the engine compartment 10 into the compressor compartment. Furthermore shows Figure 3 in detail the arrangement of the second seal 22.
- the second seal 22 is completely on a second outer peripheral surface 28 of FIG Wall 11 arranged. Furthermore, a second inner circumferential surface 27 of the rear wall 13 rests against this second seal 22.
- Figure 1 shows an electrical conductor 29 in the form of a bolt.
- the electrical conductor 29 makes electrically conductive contact between the power electronics circuit 15 and the coils of the stator 7.
- the electrical conductor 29 protrudes through the wall 11.
- a third seal 30 is provided in the area of the wall 11.
- the third seal 30 is a seal applied to the electrical conductor 29 in the form of a hose.
- the third seal preferably has circumferential elevations, in particular in the area of the through hole through the wall 11, in order to locally generate a greater contact pressure relative to the through hole in the wall 11.
- the third seal 30 serves not only to seal the through hole in the wall 11, but also to electrically insulate the electrical conductor 29 from the stator 7.
- the electrical conductors 29 are used.
- the electrical conductors 29 extend over the entire axial length of the stator 7, so that the electrical conductors 29 can be contacted with the stator 7 in the area of the cover 12. That is, the electrical conductors 29 advantageously extend over the entire length of the stator in the axial direction 18.
- the contact between the stator 7 and the electrical conductor 29 can therefore take place on the side of the stator 7 facing away from the compressor 2 for reasons of assembly.
- the electrical conductors 29 and the stator 7 can be electrically connected to one another, for example via a crimp connection.
- the motor housing Due to the length of the electrical line 29 and the crimping on the side facing away from the power electronics circuit 15, assembly damage caused by the crimping process on the power electronics circuit 15 can be avoided.
- the motor housing On the side of the stator 7 facing away from the compressor 2, the motor housing has a cover 12. Before this cover 12 is installed, the electrical conductors 29 with the windings on the stator 7 can be installed on this side be electrically connected, as described, for example, by crimping. Only then is the cover 12 mounted accordingly. This arrangement enables simple assembly of the very compact charging device 1. Overall, the design and arrangement of the electrical conductors 29 thus has the advantages of quick and simple assembly with little risk of assembly damage and without having to accept major losses in performance for the electrical connection.
- Figure 6 shows a side of the motor housing 9 facing away from the compressor 2, with the cover 12 removed. This illustration clearly shows that the ends of the electrical conductors 29 and the stator 7 are accessible when the cover 12 is removed. Before assembly of the cover 12, the ends of the electrical conductors 29 can thus be connected to the stator 7 in an electrically conductive manner, as described above.
- Figure 4 shows in an isometric view and in a sectional view the exact design of the rear wall 13.
- the rear wall 13 is a one-piece component.
- Figure 4 shows in particular the exact arrangement of the first and second seals 21, 22 on the rear wall 13.
- the two seals 21, 22 are in particular glued or vulcanized seals that are arranged over their entire circumference.
- the first seal 21 and / or the second seal 22 can be arranged in a groove in the rear wall 13 or a corresponding extension can be formed on the rear wall 13, which is inserted into a corresponding groove in the first seal 21 or second seal 22 protrudes.
- the illustrations in Figure 4 several reinforcement ribs 32 which are an integral part of the rear wall 13.
- the reinforcement ribs 32 are arranged in a star shape in the radial direction 19 and are located on the side facing the receiving space 14.
- a pipe socket 33 which serves as a connection between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment 10. This is located at a geodetically lower position, that is, below the shaft 8. As in particular Figure 1 shows, the connection or the pipe socket 33 forms a fluid-conducting connection between the compressor chamber and the engine compartment 10.
- the pipe socket 33 is sealed off from the wall 11 via a fifth seal 35.
- the pipe socket 33 enables pressure equalization between the compression chamber and the engine compartment 10.
- the pipe socket 33 is designed such that there is only a connection between the compressor room and the engine compartment 10 and no connection to the receiving space 14. It can be provided that the pipe socket 33 is an integral part of the one-piece rear wall 13.
- the pipe socket 33 is eccentric to the shaft 8 of the supercharging device 1.
- the direct connection from the compressor compartment to the engine compartment has the advantage that high pressure differences between the engine compartment and the compressor compartment can be avoided. As a result, the forces on the seals and the bearings, for example due to high pressures without pressure compensation, can be avoided or reduced. This reduces the risk that lubricants or the like will be pressed by the bearings and / or seals into the compressor compartment or the engine compartment and cause damage there.
- connection between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment 10 in order to enable the pressure equalization can have further components.
- a membrane can be provided, in particular a semipermeable membrane, in order to allow gases to pass through and to hold back solid or liquid particles.
- a membrane can be attached in the embodiment shown in the figures in the pipe socket 33, at the inlet opening 34 on the rear wall 13 and / or at an outlet of the pipe socket 33 in the area of the engine compartment 10.
- a device can also be provided that regulates or controls the connection or the flow through the connection between the rooms.
- Such a device can be integrated in the form of a valve and / or a nozzle, for example a Venturi nozzle. This has the advantage that the connection between the compressor chamber and the engine compartment not only enables pressure equalization, but at the same time the pressure equalization can be controlled or regulated and / or contamination by liquids or particles can be avoided.
- FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the side of the rear wall 13 facing the compressor 2. It can be clearly seen that a plurality of elevations 36 are arranged around the inlet opening 34 of the pipe socket 33. These elevations 36 extend crescent-shaped around the inlet opening 34 in the circumferential direction 20. By means of these elevations 36, particles are diverted so that there is a high probability that they will not penetrate into the inlet opening 34 and thus into the pipe socket 33. It should be avoided as far as possible that particles get into the engine compartment 10 via the inlet opening 34 of the pipe socket 33. Such particles can in particular be burnt oil droplets or soot particles. An embodiment of the elevations 36 is described below with reference to FIG Figures 1 , 4th , 5 , 7 and 8 described in more detail.
- the compressor wheel has a certain diameter D1 (see Figure 1 ).
- the center of an inlet opening 34 of the pipe socket 33 in the rear wall 13 is spaced from a center point M of the rear wall by a distance A1.
- the distance A1 is preferably in a range of 0.2 ⁇ (D1 / 2) and 0.9 ⁇ (D1 / 2), in particular between 0.4 ⁇ (D1 / 2) and 0.8 ⁇ (D1 / 2) .
- FIG. 5 To see, a large number of the elevations 36 extend in the circumferential direction on the rear wall 13. In this case, an elevation 36 completely surrounds the inlet opening 34 of the pipe socket 33.
- the Figures 5 and 7th show a crescent-shaped arrangement of the elevations 36 in the circumferential direction around the inlet opening 34.
- the elevation or the elevations 36 ensure during operation of the charging device that, due to their inertia, particles are at least highly likely to be thrown past the inlet opening 34 and not are removed with the condensate, but are fed to the combustion process in the internal combustion engine with the compressed air.
- the elevations 36 are shown separated from one another by a depression. Furthermore, in Figure 7 to see an imaginary center line running through the center of the inlet opening 34 and the center point M of the rear wall 13. The depressions extend along imaginary auxiliary axes which are also in Figure 7 are shown. The auxiliary axes of the depressions intersect the center line radially outside of the inlet opening 34.
- first depression and a corresponding plurality of elevations 36 As in Figure 7 it can be seen in the circumferential direction in front of and behind the inlet opening 34 a first depression and a corresponding plurality of elevations 36.
- the auxiliary axes of the first depressions then each have a first angle ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1 to the center line.
- second depressions and correspondingly further elevations 36 are provided in the circumferential direction in front of and behind the first depressions.
- the auxiliary straight lines of the second depressions each have a second angle ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2 to the central straight line.
- the first and second angles ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2) are each between 70 ° and 20 °, in particular between 60 ° and 25 °.
- the first angles ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1) are preferably smaller than the second angles ( ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2). In particular, the first angles ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1) are at most 95% of the second angles ( ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2).
- the compressor wheel 4 can be seen to have the diameter D1 (largest diameter of the compressor wheel 4).
- the entirety of the elevations 36 can extend over a length L (see FIG Figure 7 ).
- the length L is measured perpendicular to the straight line and parallel to a plane spanned by the rear wall 13. The length L is thus perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 8.
- the length L is preferably between 0.7 ⁇ D1 and 0.2 ⁇ D1, in particular between 0.6 ⁇ D1 and 0.3 ⁇ D1.
- the arc shape has a constantly changing radius with respect to the center point M.
- the arc shape has a first radius R1 on the central straight line. The radius increases towards the outer ends of the elevations 36 up to a second radius R2.
- the second radius R2 is at least 110% of the first radius R1.
- Figure 8 shows a sectional view (along the section line AA in Figure 7 ) through one of the elevations 36.
- a height H1 of the elevation 36, measured in the axial direction, is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
- edges of the elevation 36 can be seen.
- the edges of the elevation 36 are rounded with a defined radius R3.
- the radius is preferably between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm.
- Figure 9 shows an embodiment according to the invention for a device 40 to enable pressure equalization between the receiving space 14 and the environment.
- the device 40 for the pressure equalization can be any type of connection, for example one or more holes or bores, which allow a pressure equalization between the receiving space 14 and the environment.
- the device 40 for pressure equalization can have a membrane, in particular a semipermeable membrane. This membrane can thus be impermeable to liquid and gas-permeable, so that pressure equalization between the receiving space 14 and the environment is possible.
- the membrane can, for example, be attached in the area of the connection in the form of one or more holes or bores above / below or in these.
- a connection, for example via a plug 39, of the receiving space 14 with respect to the environment can be provided.
- the device 40 for pressure compensation can be integrated in such a plug 39, as shown in FIG Figure 9 is shown.
- the plug 39 can be suitable for controlling the power electronics circuit 15 and / or the power supply of the electric motor 5.
- the device 40 for pressure equalization can be integrated in a collar 41 of the plug 39. This has the advantage that a single component can be used both for making electrical contact with the power electronics circuit 15 and for enabling pressure compensation.
- the device 40 for pressure equalization can also comprise a valve and / or a nozzle, for example in the form of a Venturi nozzle. This enables a controlled and regulated pressure equalization.
Description
Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Aufladevorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere in einem Fahrzeug.The present invention relates to a charging device for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a vehicle.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Aufladevorrichtu ngen für Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt, die mittels eines Verdichters die Ladeluft der Brennkraftmaschine verdichten. Bei den hier betrachteten Aufladevorrichtungen wird das Verdichterrad im Verdichter mittels eines Elektromotors angetrieben.Charging devices for internal combustion engines are known from the prior art, which compress the charge air of the internal combustion engine by means of a compressor. In the case of the charging devices considered here, the compressor wheel in the compressor is driven by means of an electric motor.
Aus der
Die
Die
Es ist Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung eine Aufl adevorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine bereit zu stellen, die bei kostengünstiger Herstellung und wartungsarmen Betrieb dauerfest betrieben werden kann. Gleichzeitig soll die Aufladevorrichtung sehr kleinbauend und leichtbauend sein.It is the object of the present invention to provide a supercharging device for an internal combustion engine that can be operated permanently with low-cost manufacture and low-maintenance operation. At the same time, the charging device should be very compact and lightweight.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Die Unteransprüche haben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung zum Gegenstand.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The subclaims relate to advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Nach einem Aspekt werden die Aufladevorrichtung und die Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere in einem Fahrzeug eingesetzt. Die Aufladevorrichtung umfasst einen Verdichter mit einem Verdichtergehäuse und einem Verdichterraum. In dem Verdichterraum ist ein Verdichterrad angeordnet. Die Aufladevorrichtung umfasst des Weiteren einen Elektromotor mit einem Rotor und einem Stator. Ferner ist ein Motorgehäuse vorgesehen. In dem Motorgehäuse ist ein Motorraum ausgebildet. Dieser dient zur Aufnahme des Stators und des Rotors. Eine Verbindung von dem Verdichterraum in den Motorraum ermöglicht einen Druckausgleich zwischen dem Verdichterraum und dem Motorraum. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass hohe Druckdifferenzen zwischen dem Motorraum und dem Verdichterraum vermieden werden können. Dadurch können die Kräfte auf die Dichtungen und die Lager, zum Beispiel durch hohe Drücke ohne Druckausgleich, vermieden beziehungsweise reduziert werden. Dies verringert das Risiko, dass Schmiermittel oder dergleichen von den Lagern und/oder Dichtungen in den Verdichterraum beziehungsweise den Motorraum gepresst werden und dort Schäden anrichten.According to one aspect, the charging device and the internal combustion engine are used in particular in a vehicle. The charging device comprises a compressor with a compressor housing and a compression chamber. A compressor wheel is arranged in the compressor chamber. The charging device further comprises an electric motor with a rotor and a stator. A motor housing is also provided. An engine room is formed in the engine case. This is used to hold the stator and the rotor. A connection from the compressor compartment to the engine compartment enables pressure to be equalized between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment. This has the The advantage is that high pressure differences between the engine compartment and the compressor compartment can be avoided. As a result, the forces on the seals and the bearings, for example due to high pressures without pressure compensation, can be avoided or reduced. This reduces the risk that lubricants or the like will be pressed by the bearings and / or seals into the compressor compartment or the engine compartment and cause damage there.
In bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen kann das Verdichtergehäuse auf der dem Motorgehäuse zugewandten Seite durch eine Rückwand verschlossen sein, wobei der Rückwand eine Wand des Motorgehäuses gegenüberliegt, und wobei eine Eintrittsöffnung der Verbindung in der Rückwand angeordnet ist.In preferred embodiments, the compressor housing can be closed on the side facing the motor housing by a rear wall, the rear wall being opposite a wall of the motor housing, and an inlet opening of the connection being arranged in the rear wall.
Erfindungsgemäß ist in einem Aufnahmeraum, der insbesondere zwischen der Rückwand und der Wand des Motorgehäuses angeordnet ist, eine Leistungselektronikschaltung zur Ansteuerung des Elektromotors angeordnet. Der Aufnahmeraum ist hermetisch gegenüber dem Verdichterraum und dem Motorraum abgedichtet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass keine Fluide und/oder Partikel von dem Verdichterraum beziehungsweise dem Motorraum in den Aufnahmeraum mit der Leistungselektronikschaltung gelangen können.According to the invention, a power electronics circuit for controlling the electric motor is arranged in a receiving space which is arranged in particular between the rear wall and the wall of the motor housing. The receiving space is hermetically sealed from the compression space and the engine compartment. This has the advantage that no fluids and / or particles can get from the compressor compartment or the engine compartment into the receiving compartment with the power electronics circuit.
Das Verdichtergehäuse weist somit vor der Montage auf seiner dem Stator zugewandten Seite eine offene Seite auf. Diese offene Seite befindet sich zwischen dem Verdichterrad und dem Elektromotor. Die offene Seite kann mittels der Rückwand verschlossen werden. Zur Gewährleistung der Herstellbarkeit und Montierbarkeit der Aufladevorrichtung kann diese Rückwand ein eigenständiges, separat vom Verdichtergehäuse gefertigtes Bauteil sein. Die Leistungselektronikschaltung dient zur Ansteuerung des Elektromotors. Dieser Aufnahmeraum ist hermetisch gegenüber dem Verdichterraum und gegenüber dem Motorraum abgedichtet. Die hermetische Abdichtung bedeutet insbesondere eine Abdichtung sowohl gegenüber Gasen als auch gegenüber Flüssigkeiten. In vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen kann die Rückwand gefertigt sein aus: Kunststoff oder Metall, insbesondere Duroplast, hochtemperaturfestem Polyamid, faserverstärktem Kunststoff oder Aluminium. Des Weiteren kann die Rückwand mehrere Verstärkungsrippen aufweisen. Die Verstärkungsrippen können sich dabei ausgehend von einer mittigen Aussparung der Rückwand sternförmig nach außen erstrecken. Insbesondere können die Verstärkungsrippen auf der dem Elektromotor zugewandten Seite der Rückwand ausgebildet sein.The compressor housing thus has an open side on its side facing the stator before assembly. This open side is located between the compressor wheel and the electric motor. The open side can be closed by means of the rear wall. To ensure that the charging device can be manufactured and installed, this rear wall can be an independent component manufactured separately from the compressor housing. The power electronics circuit is used to control the electric motor. This receiving space is hermetically sealed from the compressor space and from the engine compartment. The hermetic seal means, in particular, a seal against both gases and liquids. In advantageous refinements, the rear wall can be made of: plastic or metal, in particular thermoset, high temperature resistant Polyamide, fiber-reinforced plastic or aluminum. In addition, the rear wall can have several reinforcing ribs. The reinforcing ribs can extend outward in a star shape, starting from a central recess in the rear wall. In particular, the reinforcing ribs can be formed on the side of the rear wall facing the electric motor.
In einer Ausgestaltung können an der Rückwand an einer dem Verdichter zugewandten Seite 0,1mm - 0,6 mm, insbesondere 0,2 bis 0,4 mm hohe Noppen vorgesehen sein, welche eine definierte axiale Positionierung der Rückwand relativ zum Verdichtergehäuse bereitstellen. Die Noppen können in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung konvex geformt sein, so dass sie leicht deformierbar sind.In one embodiment, knobs with a height of 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, in particular 0.2 to 0.4 mm, can be provided on the rear wall on a side facing the compressor, which provide a defined axial positioning of the rear wall relative to the compressor housing. In a further embodiment, the knobs can be convexly shaped so that they are easily deformable.
In Ausgestaltungen kann vorgesehen sein, dass die direkte Verbindung von dem Verdichterraum in den Motorraum einen Rohrstutzen aufweist, um den Druckausgleich zwischen den beiden Räumen zu ermöglichen. Dieser Rohrstutzen erstreckt sich in Axialrichtung durch die Rückwand, den Aufnahmeraum und die Wand des Motorgehäuses in den Motorraum, um eine direkte fluidleitende Verbindung zwischen dem Motorraum und dem Verdichterraum auszubilden. Dabei ist der Rohrstutzen so ausgebildet, dass lediglich eine Verbindung zwischen Verdichterraum und Motorraum und keine Verbindung in den Aufnahmeraum erfolgen kann. Vorzugsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Rohrstutzen integraler Bestandteil der einstückig gefertigten Rückwand ist. Des Weiteren befindet sich der Rohrstutzen vorteilhafterweise exzentrisch zur Welle der Aufladevorrichtung.In refinements, it can be provided that the direct connection from the compressor room to the engine room has a pipe socket in order to enable pressure equalization between the two rooms. This pipe socket extends in the axial direction through the rear wall, the receiving space and the wall of the motor housing into the motor compartment in order to form a direct fluid-conducting connection between the motor compartment and the compressor compartment. The pipe socket is designed in such a way that only a connection can be made between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment and no connection to the receiving compartment. It can preferably be provided that the pipe socket is an integral part of the one-piece rear wall. Furthermore, the pipe socket is advantageously located eccentrically to the shaft of the charging device.
Die Verbindung zwischen dem Verdichterraum und dem Motorraum, um den Druckausgleich zu ermöglichen kann weitere Komponenten aufweisen. So kann zum Beispiel mindestens eine Membran vorgesehen sein, zum Beispiel eine semipermeable Membran, um gezielt Gase durchzulassen und feste oder flüssige Partikel zurückzuhalten. Die Membran kann in dem Rohrstutzen angebracht sein, an der Eintrittsöffnung an der Rückwand und/oder an einem Austritt des Rohrstutzens im Bereich des Motorraums. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann auch eine Vorrichtung vorgesehen werden, die die Verbindung bzw. den Durchfluss durch die Verbindung zwischen den Räumen regelt oder kontrolliert. Eine solche Vorrichtung kann in Form eines Ventils und/oder einer Düse, zum Beispiel einer Venturidüse, integriert werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass über die Verbindung zwischen dem Verdichterraum und dem Motorraum nicht nur ein Druckausgleich ermöglicht wird, sondern gleichzeitig der Druckausgleich gesteuert bzw. geregelt werden kann und/oder Verunreinigungen durch Flüssigkeiten oder Partikel vermieden werden können.The connection between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment in order to enable the pressure equalization can have further components. For example, at least one membrane can be provided, for example a semipermeable membrane, in order to allow gases to pass through and to hold back solid or liquid particles. The membrane can be attached in the pipe socket, at the inlet opening on the rear wall and / or at an outlet of the pipe socket in the area of the engine compartment. Additionally or alternatively, a device can also be provided which regulates or controls the connection or the flow through the connection between the rooms. Such a device can be in the form a valve and / or a nozzle, for example a Venturi nozzle, can be integrated. This has the advantage that the connection between the compressor chamber and the engine compartment not only enables pressure equalization, but at the same time the pressure equalization can be controlled or regulated and / or contamination by liquids or particles can be avoided.
In dem Verdichter sollte weitestgehend vermieden werden, dass Partikel über die Eintrittsöffnung der Verbindung beziehungsweise des Rohrstutzens in den Motorraum gelangen. Solche Partikel können insbesondere verbrannte Öltröpfchen oder Rußpartikel sein. Neben den schon beschriebenen Merkmalen sind folgende weitere unterschiedliche Maßnahmen vorgesehen um dies zu vermeiden, die einzeln oder in Kombination angewandt werden können.In the compressor, it should be avoided as far as possible that particles get into the engine compartment via the inlet opening of the connection or the pipe socket. Such particles can in particular be burnt oil droplets or soot particles. In addition to the features already described, the following other different measures are provided to avoid this, which can be used individually or in combination.
Das Verdichterrad weist einen bestimmten Durchmesser D1 auf. Die Mitte einer Eintrittsöffnung der Verbindung beziehungsweise des Rohrstutzens in der Rückwand kann von einem Mittelpunkt M der Rückwand um einen Abstand A1 beabstandet sein. Bevorzugt liegt der Abstand A1 zwischen 0,2∗(D1/2) und 0,9∗(D1/2), insbesondere zwischen 0,4∗(D1/2) und 0,8∗(D1/2).The compressor wheel has a certain diameter D1. The center of an inlet opening of the connection or of the pipe socket in the rear wall can be spaced from a center point M of the rear wall by a distance A1. The distance A1 is preferably between 0.2 ∗ (D1 / 2) and 0.9 ∗ (D1 / 2), in particular between 0.4 ∗ (D1 / 2) and 0.8 ∗ (D1 / 2).
In Ausgestaltungen kann vorgesehen sein, dass an der dem Verdichter zugewandten Seite der Rückwand im Bereich der Eintrittsöffnung des Rohrstutzens zumindest eine Erhebung zum Ableiten der Partikel ausgebildet ist. Insbesondere erstreckt sich die zumindest eine Erhebung in Umfangsrichtung. Des Weiteren ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die zumindest eine Erhebung sich vollumfänglich um die Eintrittsöffnung des Rohrstutzens befindet. Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass eine oder mehrere Erhebungen in Umfangsrichtung sichelförmig um die Eintrittsöffnung angeordnet sind. Die zumindest eine Erhebung sorgt im Betrieb der Aufladevorrichtung dafür, dass Partikel aufgrund ihrer Trägheit zumindest mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit an der Eintrittsöffnung vorbeigeschleudert werden und, zum Beispiel, nicht mit dem Kondensat abgeführt werden, sondern mit der verdichteten Luft dem Verbrennungsprozess in der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführt werden.In refinements, it can be provided that on the side of the rear wall facing the compressor in the area of the inlet opening of the pipe socket, at least one elevation for discharging the particles is formed. In particular, the at least one elevation extends in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the at least one elevation is located around the entire circumference of the inlet opening of the pipe socket. In particular, it is provided that one or more elevations are arranged in the circumferential direction in a sickle shape around the inlet opening. During operation of the charging device, the at least one elevation ensures that, due to their inertia, particles are at least highly likely to be thrown past the inlet opening and, for example, are not discharged with the condensate, but are fed to the combustion process in the internal combustion engine with the compressed air.
Es können zumindest zwei Erhebungen angeordnet sein. Die Erhebungen sind vorzugweise durch eine Vertiefung voneinander getrennt. Es wird eine imaginäre Mittelgerade definiert, die durch die Mitte der Eintrittsöffnung und den Mittelpunkt M der Rückwand verläuft. Die Vertiefung erstreckt sich entlang einer imaginären Hilfsachse. Bevorzugt schneidet die Hilfsachse die Mittelgerade radial außerhalb der Eintrittsöffnung.At least two elevations can be arranged. The elevations are preferably separated from one another by a depression. An imaginary median line is defined which runs through the center of the inlet opening and the center point M of the rear wall. The recess extends along an imaginary auxiliary axis. The auxiliary axis preferably intersects the center line radially outside the inlet opening.
Bevorzugt kann es in Umfangsrichtung vor und hinter der Eintrittsöffnung je zumindest eine erste Vertiefung und eine entsprechende Mehrzahl an Erhebungen geben. Die Hilfsachsen der ersten Vertiefungen weisen dann zur Mittelgeraden je einen ersten Winkel α1, β1 auf und schneiden die Mittelgerade vorteilhafterweise radial außerhalb der Eintrittsöffnung.In the circumferential direction, there can preferably be at least one first depression and a corresponding plurality of elevations in front of and behind the inlet opening. The auxiliary axes of the first depressions then each have a first angle α1, β1 to the central line and advantageously intersect the central line radially outside the inlet opening.
Ferner können bevorzugt in Umfangsrichtung vor und hinter den ersten Vertiefungen zweite Vertiefungen und entsprechend weitere Erhebungen vorgesehen sein. Die Hilfsgeraden der zweiten Vertiefungen weisen zur Mittelgeraden je einen zweiten Winkel α2, β2 auf und schneiden die Mittelgerade radial außerhalb der Eintrittsöffnung.Furthermore, second recesses and correspondingly further elevations can preferably be provided in the circumferential direction in front of and behind the first recesses. The auxiliary straight lines of the second depressions each have a second angle α2, β2 to the central straight line and intersect the central straight line radially outside of the inlet opening.
Die ersten und zweiten Winkel (α1, β1, α2, β2) liegen jeweils zwischen 70° und 20°, bevorzugt zwischen 60° und 25°. Vorteilhaft sind die ersten Winkel (α1, β1) kleiner als die zweiten Winkel (α2, β2). Insbesondere betragen die ersten Winkel (α1, β1) höchstens 95% der zweiten Winkel (α2, β2).The first and second angles (α1, β1, α2, β2) are each between 70 ° and 20 °, preferably between 60 ° and 25 °. The first angles (α1, β1) are advantageously smaller than the second angles (α2, β2). In particular, the first angles (α1, β1) are at most 95% of the second angles (α2, β2).
Das Verdichterrad weist den Durchmesser D1 (größter Durchmesser des Verdichterrades) auf. Die Gesamtheit der Erhebungen kann sich über eine Länge L erstrecken. Die Länge L wird senkrecht zur Mittelgeraden und parallel zu einer Ebene, die von der Rückwand aufgespannt wird, bemessen. Die Länge L verläuft senkrecht zur Achse der Welle. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Länge L zwischen 0,7∗D1 und 0,2∗D1, insbesondere zwischen 0,6∗D1 und 0,3∗D1.The compressor wheel has the diameter D1 (largest diameter of the compressor wheel). The totality of the elevations can extend over a length L. The length L is measured perpendicular to the center line and parallel to a plane that is spanned by the rear wall. The length L is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. The length L is preferably between 0.7 ∗ D1 and 0.2 ∗ D1, in particular between 0.6 ∗ D1 and 0.3 ∗ D1.
Die Gesamtheit der Erhebungen kann sich über einen Segmentwinkel γ erstrecken, gemessen bezüglich des Mittepunkts M der Rückwand und in der Ebene der Rückwand. Der Segmentwinkel γ liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 120° und 45°, insbesondere zwischen 100° und 60°.The totality of the elevations can extend over a segment angle γ, measured with respect to the center point M of the rear wall and in the plane the back wall. The segment angle γ is preferably between 120 ° and 45 °, in particular between 100 ° and 60 °.
Die radiale Innenkante der Erhebungen kann einer Bogenform folgen. Die Bogenform hat vorzugsweise einen sich stetig verändernden Radius bezüglich des Mittelpunkts M. Insbesondere ist auf der Mittelgeraden ein erster Radius R1 definiert, der zu den äußeren Enden der Erhebungen hin bis auf einen zweiten Radius R2 ansteigt. Besonders bevorzugt beträgt der zweiten Radius R2 zumindest 110% des ersten Radius R1.The radial inner edge of the elevations can follow an arc shape. The arc shape preferably has a continuously changing radius with respect to the center point M. In particular, a first radius R1 is defined on the central line, which rises towards the outer ends of the elevations up to a second radius R2. The second radius R2 is particularly preferably at least 110% of the first radius R1.
Eine Höhe H1 der zumindest einen Erhebung, gemessen in Axialrichtung, beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 0,1mm und 5mm, insbesondere zwischen 0,1mm und 1mm.A height H1 of the at least one elevation, measured in the axial direction, is preferably between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
Die Kanten der zumindest einen Erhebung sind vorzugsweise mit einem definierten Radius R3 abgerundet. Der Radius liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,05mm und 0,1 mm.The edges of the at least one elevation are preferably rounded with a defined radius R3. The radius is preferably between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm.
Bevorzugt ist die Anordnung der Erhebungen und Vertiefungen symmetrisch zur Mittelgeraden, die durch die Mitte der Eintrittsöffnung und die Mitte M der Rückwand verläuft.The arrangement of the elevations and depressions is preferably symmetrical to the central line which runs through the center of the inlet opening and the center M of the rear wall.
Diese unterschiedlichen Merkmale zur Ausgestaltung und Positionierung der Eintrittsöffnung und der Erhebungen wurden anhand von Berechnungen, Simulationen und Versuchen ermittelt und können einzeln oder in synergetisch zusammenwirkender Kombination dazu eingesetzt werden, um zu vermeiden, dass Partikel über die Eintrittsöffnung und die Verbindung in den Motorraum gelangen. Entgegen der üblichen und logischen Lösung, nämlich den Motorraum abzudichten, wurde erkannt, dass das Vorsehen einer Verbindung zwischen dem Verdichterraum und dem Motorraum, zum Beispiel in Form eines Rohrstutzens, und der oben beschriebenen Erhebungen wesentlich einfacher und kostengünstiger ist als die vollständige Abdichtung des Motorraums mit entsprechend nötigem Druckausgleich.These different features for the design and positioning of the inlet opening and the elevations were determined on the basis of calculations, simulations and tests and can be used individually or in a synergetic combination to prevent particles from getting into the engine compartment via the inlet opening and the connection. Contrary to the usual and logical solution, namely to seal the engine compartment, it was recognized that the provision of a connection between the compressor compartment and the engine compartment, for example in the form of a pipe socket, and the above-described elevations is much simpler and cheaper than the complete sealing of the engine compartment with the necessary pressure compensation.
Wie oben bereits beschrieben ragt die Welle durch die Wand des Motorgehäuses hindurch in den Verdichter. An dieser Stelle kann bevorzugt eine Dichtstelle ausgebildet werden, um den Verdichterraum gegenüber dem Motorraum abzudichten. Die Dichtstelle ist entweder als berührungslose Dichtung oder als dynamische Dichtung, insbesondere mit zumindest einem Kolbenring, vorgesehen. In bevorzugter Variante, insbesondere bei einem Motorgehäuse aus Aluminium wird jedoch bewusst auf eine berührende Dichtung, insbesondere auf Kolbenringe, verzichtet, um ein "Fressen" (Einkerben) der Kolbenringe im Motorgehäuse zu vermeiden.As already described above, the shaft protrudes through the wall of the motor housing into the compressor. A sealing point can preferably be formed at this point in order to seal off the compressor compartment from the engine compartment. The sealing point is provided either as a contactless seal or as a dynamic seal, in particular with at least one piston ring. In a preferred variant, in particular in the case of a motor housing made of aluminum, however, a contacting seal, in particular piston rings, is deliberately omitted in order to prevent the piston rings from "seizing" (notching) in the motor housing.
Zur hermetischen Abdichtung des Motorraums gegenüber dem Aufnahmeraum ist bevorzugt eine weitere Dichtung zwischen der Verbindung, insbesondere in Form eines Rohrstutzens, von dem Verdichterraum in den Motorraum und der Wand des Motorgehäuses vorgesehen.In order to hermetically seal the engine compartment from the receiving compartment, a further seal is preferably provided between the connection, in particular in the form of a pipe socket, from the compressor compartment to the motor compartment and the wall of the motor housing.
Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Einrichtung vorgesehen, um einen Druckausgleich zwischen dem Aufnahmeraum und der Umgebung zu ermöglichen. Außerdem kann vorgesehen sein, dass sich von der Leistungselektronikschaltung durch das Motorgehäuse zumindest ein elektrischer Leiter erstreckt, um eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen der Leistungselektronikschaltung und dem Elektromotor zu ermöglichen. Die Aufladevorrichtung kann außerdem eine Lagervorrichtung zur Lagerung einer Welle aufweisen, die den Rotor mit dem Verdichterrad verbindet, wobei die Lagervorrichtung eine Einrichtung zur Schwingungsdämpfung aufweist. Durch die Schwingungsdämpfung kann zum Beispiel ein ruhigerer und gleichmäßiger sowie vibrationsärmerer Lauf der Welle ermöglicht werden.According to the invention, a device is provided to enable pressure equalization between the receiving space and the environment. It can also be provided that at least one electrical conductor extends from the power electronics circuit through the motor housing, in order to enable an electrically conductive connection between the power electronics circuit and the electric motor. The charging device can also have a bearing device for supporting a shaft which connects the rotor to the compressor wheel, the bearing device having a device for vibration damping. The vibration damping can, for example, enable the shaft to run quieter and more evenly, as well as with less vibration.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung werden anhand der folgenden Figuren beschrieben.Further details and features of the invention are described with reference to the following figures.
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Figur 1 eine Schnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Aufladevorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel,Figure 1 a sectional view of a charging device according to the invention according to an embodiment, -
Figur 2 ein Detail zur ersten Dichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufladevorrichtung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel,Figure 2 a detail of the first seal of the charging device according to the invention according to the embodiment, -
Figur 3 ein Detail zur zweiten Dichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufladevorrichtung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel,Figure 3 a detail of the second seal of the charging device according to the invention according to the embodiment, -
Figur 4 zwei Ansichten einer Rückwand der erfindungsgemäßen Aufladevorrichtung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel,Figure 4 two views of a rear wall of the charging device according to the invention according to the embodiment, -
Figur 5 eine weitere Ansicht der Rückwand der erfindungsgemäßen Aufladevorrichtung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel,Figure 5 another view of the rear wall of the charging device according to the invention according to the embodiment, -
Figur 6 ein Detail der erfindungsgemäßen Aufladevorrichtung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel mit demontiertem Deckel,Figure 6 a detail of the charging device according to the invention according to the embodiment with the cover removed, -
Figur 7 Details der Ausgestaltung der Erhebungen auf der Rückwand gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der AufladevorrichtungFigure 7 Details of the design of the elevations on the rear wall according to an advantageous embodiment of the charging device -
Figur 8 Details der Ausgestaltung der Erhebungen auf der Rückwand gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Aufladevorrichtung im SchnittFigure 8 Details of the design of the elevations on the rear wall according to an advantageous embodiment of the charging device in section -
Figur 9 Ansicht eines Steckers mit integrierter Einrichtung für den Druckausgleich zwischen Aufnahmeraum und der UmgebungFigure 9 View of a plug with an integrated device for pressure equalization between the receiving space and the environment
Im Folgenden wird anhand der
Des Weiteren umfasst die Aufladevorrichtung 1 einen Elektromotor 5. Der Elektromotor 5 setzt sich zusammen aus einem Rotor 6 und einem Stator 7.The charging device 1 also includes an
Über eine Welle 8 ist der Rotor 6 drehfest mit dem Verdichterrad 4 verbunden. Durch Rotation des Elektromotors 5 wird somit auch das Verdichterrad 4 in Rotation versetzt.The
Das Verdichterrad 4 und der Rotor 6 sind koaxial angeordnet, sodass die Welle 8 gleichzeitig auch die Rotorwelle ist.The compressor wheel 4 and the
Bei Rotation des Elektromotors 5 und somit bei Rotation des Verdichterrades 4 wird Luft in Axialrichtung 18 angesaugt. Über den Verdichter 2 wird die Luft in Radialrichtung 19 verdichtet und einer Brennkraftmaschine zugeführt.When the
Die Aufladevorrichtung 1 umfasst ferner ein Motorgehäuse 9. In diesem Motorgehäuse 9 ist ein Motorraum 10 ausgebildet. Der Motorraum 10 ist auf der dem Verdichter 2 abgewandten Seite mittels eines Deckels 12 verschlossen. Zum Verdichter 2 hin ist der Motorraum 10 durch eine Wand 11 des Motorgehäuses 9 begrenzt. Das Verdichtergehäuse 3 ist auf seiner dem Motorgehäuse 9 zugewandten Seite offen. Diese offene Seite ist mittels einer Rückwand 13 verschlossen. Insbesondere wird die Rückwand 13 aus Kunststoff, insbesondere Duroplast, oder aus Metall, insbesondere Aluminium, gefertigt. Bei der Fertigung aus Kunststoff kommt insbesondere hochtemperaturfestes Polyamid zum Einsatz. Des Weiteren ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Rückwand 13 aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff gefertigt wird.The charging device 1 further comprises an
An der Rückwand 13 können an einer dem Verdichter 2 zugewandten Seite 0,1 mm - 0,6 mm, insbesondere 0,2 bis 0,4 mm hohe Noppen (in den Figuren nicht gezeigt) vorgesehen sein, welche eine definierte axiale Positionierung der Rückwand 13 relativ zum Verdichtergehäuse bereitstellen. Die Noppen können konvex geformt sein, so dass sie leicht deformierbar sind.On the
Das Motorgehäuse 9 ist mit seiner Wand 11 fest mit dem Verdichtergehäuse 3 verbunden, insbesondere verschraubt. Dabei ist zwischen der Rückwand 13 und der Wand 11 ein Aufnahmeraum 14 ausgebildet. In diesem Aufnahmeraum 14 befindet sich eine Leistungselektronikschaltung 15 zur Stromversorgung und Ansteuerung des Elektromotors 5. Der Aufnahmeraum 14 ist gegenüber dem Verdichterraum und gegenüber dem Motorraum 10 hermetisch abgedichtet. Es ist eine Einrichtung 40 vorgesehen, die einen Druckausgleich zwischen dem Aufnahmeraum 14 und der Umgebung ermöglicht. Weitere Details zur Einrichtung 40 für den Druckausgleich werden weiter unten in Verbindung mit
Die Welle 8 ist gegenüber der Wand 11 des Motorgehäuses 9 mit einem ersten Lager 16 gelagert. Zwischen der Welle 8 und dem Deckel 12 befindet sich ein zweites Lager 17.
Die Wand 11 des Motorgehäuses 9 weist einen sich axial erstreckenden Abschnitt 37 auf. Radial innerhalb dieses Abschnittes 37 befindet sich die Leistungselektronikschaltung 15 und entsprechend der Aufnahmeraum 14.The
Zur hermetischen Abdichtung des Aufnahmeraums 14 sind zumindest eine erste Dichtung 21 und eine zweite Dichtung 22 vorgesehen. Diese Dichtungen 21, 22 werden anhand der Detaildarstellungen in den
In
Insbesondere werden drei solcher elektrischen Leiter 29, verteilt entlang des Umfangs, verwendet. Die elektrischen Leiter 29 erstrecken sich über die gesamte axiale Länge des Stators 7, sodass die elektrischen Leiter 29 im Bereich des Deckels 12 mit dem Stator 7 kontaktierbar sind. Das heißt, die elektrischen Leiter 29 erstrecken sich vorteilhafterweise über die gesamte Länge des Stators in Axialrichtung 18. Die Kontaktierung zwischen Stator 7 und elektrischem Leiter 29 kann somit, aufgrund von Montagegründen, auf der dem Verdichter 2 abgewandten Seite des Stators 7 erfolgen. Insbesondere können die elektrischen Leiter 29 und der Stator 7 zum Beispiel über eine Crimpverbindung miteinander elektrisch verbunden werden. Durch die Länge der elektrischen Leitung 29 und das Vercrimpen auf der von der Leistungselektronikschaltung 15 abgewandten Seite können Montageschäden durch den Vercrimpvorgang auf der Leistungselektronikschaltung 15 vermieden werden. Auf der dem Verdichter 2 abgewandten Seite des Stators 7 weist das Motorgehäuse einen Deckel 12 auf. Vor der Montage dieses Deckels 12 können an dieser Seite die elektrischen Leiter 29 mit den Wicklungen am Stator 7 elektrisch leitend verbunden werden, wie beschrieben zum Beispiel durch Vercrimpen. Erst dann wird der Deckel 12 entsprechend montiert. Diese Anordnung ermöglicht eine einfache Montage der sehr kompakt aufgebauten Aufladevorrichtung 1. Insgesamt hat die Ausgestaltung und Anordnung der elektrischen Leiter 29 somit die Vorteile einer schnellen und einfachen Montage mit geringem Risiko für Montageschäden und ohne große Leistungseinbußen für die elektrische Verbindung in Kauf nehmen zu müssen.In particular, three such
Wie
Ferner zeigen die Darstellungen in
Ein weiterer Bestandteil der Rückwand 13 ist ein Rohrstutzen 33, der als Verbindung zwischen dem Verdichterraum und dem Motorraum 10 dient. Dieser befindet sich an einer geodätisch unten liegenden Position, also unterhalb der Welle 8. Wie insbesondere
Die Verbindung zwischen dem Verdichterraum und dem Motorraum 10, um den Druckausgleich zu ermöglichen kann weitere Komponenten aufweisen. So kann zum Beispiel eine Membran vorgesehen sein, insbesondere eine semipermeable Membran, um gezielt Gase durchzulassen und feste oder flüssige Partikel zurückzuhalten. Eine solche Membran kann in der in den Figuren gezeigten Ausführungsform in dem Rohrstutzen 33 angebracht sein, an der Eintrittsöffnung 34 an der Rückwand 13 und/oder an einem Austritt des Rohrstutzens 33 im Bereich des Motorraums 10. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann auch eine Vorrichtung vorgesehen werden, die die Verbindung bzw. den Durchfluss durch die Verbindung zwischen den Räumen regelt oder kontrolliert. Eine solche Vorrichtung kann in Form eines Ventils und/oder einer Düse, zum Beispiel einer Venturidüse, integriert werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass über die Verbindung zwischen dem Verdichterraum und dem Motorraum nicht nur ein Druckausgleich ermöglicht wird, sondern gleichzeitig der Druckausgleich gesteuert bzw. geregelt werden kann und/oder Verunreinigungen durch Flüssigkeiten oder Partikel vermieden werden können.The connection between the compressor compartment and the
Das Verdichterrad weist einen bestimmten Durchmesser D1 auf (siehe
Wie in
Wie in
Wie in
Wie oben beschrieben und in
In
Wie in
Ebenso in
Wie in
Die im Detail beschriebenen unterschiedlichen Merkmale zur Ausgestaltung und Positionierung der Eintrittsöffnung 34 und der Erhebungen 36 wurden anhand von Berechnungen, Simulationen und Versuchen ermittelt und können einzeln oder in synergetisch zusammenwirkender Kombination dazu eingesetzt werden, um zu vermeiden, dass Partikel über die Eintrittsöffnung 34 und die Verbindung in den Motorraum 10 gelangen. Entgegen der üblichen und logischen Lösung, nämlich den Motorraum 10 abzudichten, wurde erkannt, dass das Vorsehen einer Verbindung für den Druckausgleich, zum Beispiel in Form eines Rohrstutzens 33, und der Erhebungen 36 im Bereich der Eintrittsöffnung 34 wesentlich einfacher und kostengünstiger ist als die vollständige Abdichtung des Motorraums mit entsprechend nötigem Druckausgleich.The different features described in detail for the design and positioning of the
- 11
- AufladevorrichtungCharging device
- 22
- Verdichtercompressor
- 33
- VerdichtergehäuseCompressor housing
- 44th
- VerdichterradCompressor wheel
- 55
- ElektromotorElectric motor
- 66th
- Rotorrotor
- 77th
- Statorstator
- 88th
- Wellewave
- 99
- MotorgehäuseMotor housing
- 1010
- MotorraumEngine compartment
- 1111
- Wandwall
- 1212
- Deckelcover
- 1313
- RückwandBack wall
- 1414th
- AufnahmeraumRecording room
- 1515th
- LeistungselektronikschaltungPower electronic circuit
- 1616
- erstes Lagerfirst camp
- 1717th
- zweites Lagersecond camp
- 1818th
- AxialrichtungAxial direction
- 1919th
- RadialrichtungRadial direction
- 2020th
- UmfangsrichtungCircumferential direction
- 2121st
- erste Dichtungfirst seal
- 2222nd
- zweite Dichtungsecond seal
- 2323
- erste Außenumfangsfläche (der Rückwand)first outer peripheral surface (of the rear wall)
- 2424
- erste Innenumfangsfläche (des Verdichtergehäuses)first inner circumferential surface (of the compressor housing)
- 2525th
- erste Radialfläche (der Wand)first radial surface (of the wall)
- 2626th
- zweite Radialfläche (des Verdichtergehäuses)second radial surface (of the compressor casing)
- 2727
- zweite Innenumfangsfläche (der Rückwand)second inner peripheral surface (the rear wall)
- 2828
- zweite Außenumfangsfläche (der Wand)second outer peripheral surface (of the wall)
- 2929
- elektrischer Leiterelectrical conductor
- 3030th
- dritte Dichtungthird seal
- 3131
- vierte Dichtstellefourth sealing point
- 3232
- VerstärkungsrippenReinforcement ribs
- 3333
- Verbindung/RohrstutzenConnection / pipe socket
- 3434
- EintrittsöffnungInlet opening
- 3535
- fünfte Dichtungfifth seal
- 3636
- ErhebungenSurveys
- 3737
- axial erstreckender Abschnittaxially extending portion
- 3838
- O-RingeO-rings
- 3939
- Steckerplug
- 4040
- Einrichtung für Druckausgleich zwischen Aufnahmeraum und UmgebungDevice for pressure equalization between the recording room and the environment
- 4141
- Kragen des SteckersCollar of the plug
Claims (3)
- Supercharging device (1) for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a vehicle, wherein the supercharging device has:a compressor (2) with a compressor housing (3) and a compressor space in which a compressor wheel (4) is arranged,an electric motor (5) with a motor housing (9) which defines a motor space (10) in which a rotor (6) and a stator (7) are arranged, anda connection from the compressor space into the motor space (10) in order to permit a pressure equalization between the compressor space and the motor space (10), furthermore having a receiving space (14), characterized in that a power electronics circuit (15) for the control of the electric motor (5) is arranged in the receiving space (14), wherein the receiving space (14) is hermetically sealed off with respect to the compressor space and the motor space (10), furthermore characterized by a means (40) for permitting a pressure equalization between the receiving space (14) and the surroundings.
- Supercharging device according to Claim 1, wherein at least one electrical conductor (29) extends from the power electronics circuit (15) through the motor housing (9) in order to make an electrically conductive connection possible between the power electronics circuit (15) and the electric motor (5).
- Supercharging device according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized by a bearing device for the mounting of a shaft (8) which connects the rotor (6) to the compressor wheel (4), and wherein the bearing device has a means for vibration damping.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014210891 | 2014-06-06 | ||
DE102014213382 | 2014-07-09 | ||
EP15170770.0A EP2952748B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Charging device for a combustion engine |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15170770.0A Division EP2952748B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Charging device for a combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3447312A1 EP3447312A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
EP3447312B1 true EP3447312B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
Family
ID=53365873
Family Applications (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18197621.8A Active EP3447311B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Charging device for a combustion engine |
EP15170770.0A Active EP2952748B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Charging device for a combustion engine |
EP18197637.4A Active EP3444481B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Charging device for a combustion engine |
EP18197629.1A Active EP3447312B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Loading device for a combustion engine |
EP18197643.2A Active EP3456983B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Loading device for a combustion engine |
EP15729714.4A Active EP3152443B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Supercharging device for a combustion engine |
Family Applications Before (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18197621.8A Active EP3447311B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Charging device for a combustion engine |
EP15170770.0A Active EP2952748B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Charging device for a combustion engine |
EP18197637.4A Active EP3444481B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Charging device for a combustion engine |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18197643.2A Active EP3456983B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Loading device for a combustion engine |
EP15729714.4A Active EP3152443B1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-06-05 | Supercharging device for a combustion engine |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10408121B2 (en) |
EP (6) | EP3447311B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6640749B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102311542B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106536890B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015188028A2 (en) |
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JP6645570B2 (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2020-02-14 | 株式会社Ihi | Electric device and electric supercharger |
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- 2015-06-05 EP EP15170770.0A patent/EP2952748B1/en active Active
- 2015-06-05 US US15/316,282 patent/US10408121B2/en active Active
- 2015-06-05 EP EP18197637.4A patent/EP3444481B1/en active Active
- 2015-06-05 WO PCT/US2015/034328 patent/WO2015188028A2/en active Application Filing
- 2015-06-05 EP EP18197629.1A patent/EP3447312B1/en active Active
- 2015-06-05 JP JP2016571344A patent/JP6640749B2/en active Active
- 2015-06-05 CN CN201580040403.1A patent/CN106536890B/en active Active
- 2015-06-05 KR KR1020167036265A patent/KR102311542B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-06-05 EP EP18197643.2A patent/EP3456983B1/en active Active
- 2015-06-05 EP EP15729714.4A patent/EP3152443B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3444481A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
EP2952748B1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
EP3152443B1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
CN106536890B (en) | 2019-10-29 |
EP3456983B1 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
WO2015188028A9 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
EP3447311A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
EP3447311B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
EP3456983A1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
JP2017516950A (en) | 2017-06-22 |
KR20170016879A (en) | 2017-02-14 |
US10408121B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
JP6640749B2 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
US20170152792A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
EP3447312A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
WO2015188028A2 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
EP2952748A1 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
WO2015188028A3 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
KR102311542B1 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
CN106536890A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
EP3152443A2 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
EP3444481B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
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