EP3445590B1 - Procédé et dispositif d'impression numérique d'objets tridimensionnels - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'impression numérique d'objets tridimensionnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3445590B1
EP3445590B1 EP17717729.2A EP17717729A EP3445590B1 EP 3445590 B1 EP3445590 B1 EP 3445590B1 EP 17717729 A EP17717729 A EP 17717729A EP 3445590 B1 EP3445590 B1 EP 3445590B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
print
raster
printed
nozzles
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EP17717729.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3445590A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas SCHNITGER
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Dekron GmbH
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Dekron GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J25/00—Actions or mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J25/001—Mechanisms for bodily moving print heads or carriages parallel to the paper surface
    • B41J25/005—Mechanisms for bodily moving print heads or carriages parallel to the paper surface for serial printing movements superimposed to character- or line-spacing movements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J29/38—Drives, motors, controls or automatic cut-off devices for the entire printing mechanism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • B41J3/40733—Printing on cylindrical or rotationally symmetrical objects, e. g. on bottles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for digitally printing 3-dimensional objects, in particular bottles, cans or other hollow bodies, by means of at least one print head, wherein the object to be printed moves relative to the print head for printing, in particular rotates, and a print template, preferably in a digitization step, is broken down into a plurality of printing dots (pixels) and the printing dots are stored in a printing raster consisting of image columns and image lines, the printing raster being used to control the print head during printing in order to apply a print image to the object to be printed.
  • a print template preferably in a digitization step
  • the print image is transferred directly from a computer to a printing machine without using a static printing form.
  • These methods include inkjet printing in particular, in which small droplets of ink are fired from the nozzles of the print head in a targeted manner onto the surface to be printed in order to produce a print image there.
  • the image to be printed (image or print template) is first rasterized.
  • Rasterizing is a software-supported process in which the print template is "converted" into print data.
  • the core is the "raster image processing".
  • the term rasterization is based on the fact that an image is divided into discrete image points (pixels) with fixed distances. A grid-like printing grid with grid cells or meshes is used for this purpose. The corresponding color information of the respective discrete image point is stored for the respective cell.
  • the result of the rasterization is a raster graphic consisting of a raster-shaped arrangement of pixels.
  • the print template can be optically scanned, for example by means of a scanner, and subdivided or broken down into pixels. It is also part of the state of the art to convert graphics generated on the computer (for example vector graphics) directly into raster graphics.
  • graphics generated on the computer for example vector graphics
  • the coordinates assigned to the image points and the color information stored for the respective coordinates are sent to the program control for the spray nozzles of the print head for generating the print image.
  • the raster process also called image scanning, can be described in such a way that a virtual raster consisting of rows and columns is placed over the print template and the color values (intensity values) are stored in the individual raster cells with the associated raster coordinates (row X i , column Y j) .
  • the print template is read into the grid or the print grid.
  • the result is a matrix with color information stored in the cells.
  • the print template is usually recorded using a two-dimensional, Cartesian coordinate system (Cartesian image grid).
  • Cartesian coordinate system Cartesian image grid
  • Such a coordinate system is formed from mutually orthogonal axes X and Y and has a grid-like structure with rectangular cells.
  • the resolution of the image is determined by the size of the grid cells. For example, the distance between two horizontal grid lines determines the print resolution in the vertical direction. The distance between two vertical grid lines determines the print resolution in the horizontal direction.
  • quantization takes place in a subsequent step. Quantization is understood to mean the evaluation of the image point, i.e. the brightness (intensity) and, if applicable, the color tone of a pixel by means of a specified amount of gray values or colors in the individual raster cells.
  • the color information is saved with the associated coordinate of the grid (row X i , column Y j ).
  • the digital image data are used to control the print head.
  • the print head moves along the grid coordinates of the print image and creates print points at the points specified by the print grid in accordance with the color information stored for the individual print point (e.g. quantity, color).
  • the result is a print image that consists of pixels arranged in a grid.
  • the print head has at least one print nozzle, but generally several print nozzles which are arranged next to one another in a row of nozzles, the row of nozzles extending in the direction of the width of the print head. If there is only one row of nozzles, it is a single-row printhead. The distance between the two outermost nozzles in the row determines the effective print head width. With an even arrangement in the row, the individual pressure nozzles are each offset by one nozzle spacing in the direction of the row. The native printhead resolution of the single-row printhead along the printhead width is given by the nozzle spacing.
  • multi-row printhead Several rows of nozzles running parallel next to one another, each with the same number of nozzles, are also common (multi-row printhead).
  • the print nozzles of a second row are offset from those of the first row in the direction of the print head width, with two-row nozzles being offset by half the nozzle spacing.
  • the native printhead resolution in the direction of the printhead width can thus be doubled for a two-row printhead compared to a single-row printhead with the same nozzle spacing.
  • All printing dots of a row (line) of the printing screen are normally printed by the same nozzle, which moves relative to the printing surface parallel to one of the printing screen axes.
  • the image must be divided into sections and printed in parts. First a first image part and then a second image part offset from the first image part is printed.
  • the stitching reduces the effective usable length of the printhead, but is gladly accepted because the image quality can be increased.
  • this method makes it necessary to interrupt the printing process in order to relocate the printing object to a second printing position. This procedure is therefore referred to as the successive application of image parts in cycles.
  • Servomotors known from the prior art have a tolerance of 1/100 mm, which can also be referred to as resolution.
  • the current typical print head width of around 70 mm therefore results in a pressure difference of 7 mbar between an uppermost and a lowermost print nozzle of a print head with several print nozzles when the print nozzles are arranged vertically one above the other.
  • the drop volume is no longer uniform when printing.
  • the lower pressure nozzles with the higher internal pressure (corresponding to the lower negative pressure) print a slightly larger drop than the upper nozzles with a lower internal pressure. This is noticeable in the color intensity, since more color is applied in an area printed by the lower print nozzles than in an area printed by the upper print nozzles. This is particularly noticeable when, because of the stitching, drops of the lower and upper pressure nozzles adjoin one another. This reinforces the visual impression of error in the viewer.
  • the DE 35 26 769 A1 describes a method for printing containers in which the container rotates in front of the print head and in the direction of its axis of rotation is moved.
  • the individual colored dots are applied along parallel helical lines. This means that there is no longer any need to interrupt the printing process.
  • the printing result can be impaired if the print head applies the individual colors according to the values in the print raster.
  • the nozzles or nozzle heads are offset from one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the container and are therefore not in one plane.
  • the invention is based on the idea of enabling seamless printing of infinite image lengths on 3-dimensional objects without the printing having to be divided into individual work cycles.
  • An essential idea of the invention is that the print raster, which is used to control the print head during printing and into which the print template is read, is not rectangular, but curved or distorted and that the image lines and the image columns or the X-axis and the Y-axis not perpendicular, but run obliquely to each other. It is an inclined line grid.
  • the rows and columns or the X-axis and the Y-axis do not run orthogonally, but rather, for example, at an angle of less than 90 ° to one another.
  • the curvature of the printing screen can be compared with a distortion of a Cartesian coordinate system.
  • a regular rectangular print raster can be distorted by offsetting one of the opposite sides of a rectangle by a certain distance (offset / shift), so that a parallelogram with correspondingly parallelogram-shaped raster cells is created.
  • the sides adjoining the offset side undertake a pivoting movement like a parallelogram guide.
  • the printing grid or the individual printing grid cells can also have the shape of a rhombus, a special shape of the parallelogram.
  • the curved print grid is used like a regular print grid to control the print head.
  • the print head for example, scans the image lines (X-axis) and applies the print medium to the object for each image point, in accordance with the information stored in the raster cell (X i , Y j ) for the image point. Reading the print template into the curved print raster, however, enables the print result to be improved when the print head moves relative to the object to be printed.
  • the print raster or the print raster cells each have the shape of a parallelogram or a rhombus.
  • the curved print raster is particularly advantageous in the case of multi-axis movements of the print head relative to the object to be printed. Curvatures of the print image can be avoided and compensated for in advance by using a distorted grid when digitizing the print template. It is ensured that each printhead nozzle sets the correct pressure point on the printing surface.
  • a further embodiment of the invention therefore provides that the object to be printed or the surface to be printed not only moves along or around an axis relative to one or more print heads, so for example rotates, but that there is a composite multi-axis movement relative to the Printhead completes.
  • the print head can also perform a multi-axis movement around the print object.
  • Compound multi-axis movements take place along and around single or multiple axes. They can also be referred to as layered movements. This means that this is not a purely translational or a purely rotational movement, but in particular a combination of relative displacement and relative rotation during printing.
  • the term "printing" denotes the process during which the print head applies the print medium to the surface to be printed.
  • the object to be printed can be displaced along a first axis, while it simultaneously rotates about one or more axes of rotation.
  • the axis of rotation can of course coincide with the first axis of displacement.
  • the proposed method can also be used in the case of a 1-dimensional relative movement between the print head and the object.
  • the movement of the object to be printed is a helical movement along and around an axis.
  • the object while it is being printed by the print head, rotates in front of the print head and is simultaneously moved along its axis of rotation.
  • the shifting movement is relative relative to the printhead, for example, can be done relatively up or down.
  • the helical movement divides the image into oblique strips, which are joined together seamlessly or seamlessly and allow a complete print without interruption or repositioning of the object. This avoids the error of repositioning the printhead when printing in sections and the quality of the stitching is significantly improved.
  • the X-axis extends virtually helically around the object, with the printhead being guided along a helical path relative to the object.
  • the printing grid can be placed virtually on the outside of the container / object, where it extends helically around the container. The relative movement of the print head follows the print raster or is moved along the print raster and applies the print medium according to the information of the corresponding print raster cell.
  • the printing medium can be applied using the multi-pass or single-pass method.
  • the multi-pass process each line / print raster cell or mesh to be printed is applied several times, with a pattern or image being built up in several steps. That is, the print medium for the print raster cell is made in several passes or steps applied.
  • printing with multiple passes also allows printing with a resolution greater than the native resolution of the printhead, in that further points are set between points that have already been set.
  • the single-pass process the print image is printed in just one printing process, without the printhead having to scan the printing surface a second time.
  • Multi-color printing is a technique for creating colored printed matter.
  • the most common form of multi-color printing is four-color printing with the standardized basic colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK), the process colors that are sprayed onto the object through the nozzles of the print head.
  • CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow and black
  • the 4 printing nozzles for the basic colors CMYK are particularly preferably activated at the same time and therefore allow immediate curing after the print has been applied.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides that at least individual print points of the print image are applied in several steps, the distribution of the total amount of print medium of the individual print points to the individual steps taking place in a random manner.
  • the determination of the amount of pressure medium to be applied for the pressure point can be done by a random generator.
  • an algorithm can also be used that distributes the amount of print medium to the individual steps. In this case it is possible under certain circumstances that one or more of the mentioned pressure nozzles which can be used for printing the pressure point cell do not apply any pressure medium to the pressure point cell.
  • the random or algorithm-controlled distribution of the amount of printing medium to individual steps can be used in principle for all printing processes in which printing dots are applied in several sub-steps.
  • the algorithm can be set up to take into account the failure of a pressure nozzle, in that this pressure nozzle is no longer used and the other pressure nozzles to be used to print the pressure point compensate for the non-use.
  • the intended amount of pressure medium from the failed nozzle can be distributed to the other nozzles. This can increase the running times of machines until maintenance.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that in the case of a helical relative movement between a single-row print head and the object, the length of the movement or the displacement along the axis of rotation per revolution of the Object (in the following: slope) corresponds to the product that results from the number of nozzles of the printhead multiplied by the nozzle spacing.
  • the expansion of the pressure nozzle arrangement is therefore used as a measure of the gradient for the continuously applied pressure surface.
  • the print image grid is thus optimally adapted to the movement and resolution of the print head. In this case, no area of the print surface is passed more than once by print nozzles (single-pass method).
  • the print image always finds its starting point after one revolution and the curved or parallelogram-shaped print raster ensures an optimal print image even with this multi-dimensional relative movement.
  • the curved print grid is preferably formed from a rectangular print grid by distorting the rectangular print grid into a parallelogram or a rhombus, the distortion with the n -fold of the nozzle spacing correlated.
  • print head modules or print heads can be mounted one behind the other or next to each other in the running direction of the print surface in a single-pass printing system, which e.g. is guided past the print heads in a helical movement relative to the print heads.
  • the print head modules are each assigned a basic color, in particular cyan, magenta and yellow and optionally black. Print head modules with a special color can be added for special printing applications.
  • the slope can also be reduced by a factor or a fixed value, which results in an overlap of the printed images after one revolution, the width of which results from the reduction in the slope.
  • the greater the degree of reduction in the slope the greater the overlap.
  • transitions between the orders of different nozzles can be blurred.
  • an overlap can be used to blur a transition at a boundary between an application from an upper and a lower nozzle after a 360 ° rotation.
  • overlaying print points in the overlap area can be distributed to the individual partial prints of the overlap area according to an algorithm or by means of a random generator. The distribution of the amount of ink in this stitching-like process does not follow a fixed pattern.
  • the movement or displacement of the object along the axis of rotation is directly related to the resolution of the print image and the print nozzle density in the displacement direction.
  • at least individual print points of the print image are applied in several steps, with the pitch (axial offset per revolution) used for the helical movement corresponding to the number of nozzles multiplied by the nozzle spacing and divided by the number of steps for a multipass.
  • the pressure nozzles are used. According to the invention it is provided, for example, that only every second print nozzle of the print head is used. Due to the half-pitch of the printing helix compared to the "single pass" method, twice as many revolutions are required for the same height of the printing area, but half of the printing nozzles can remain deactivated for the same printing density. It is particularly advantageous to use the pressure nozzles not used in the previous rotation for two successive rotations in the later rotation and to deactivate the previously inserted half of the pressure nozzles (alternating nozzle use). Positioning inaccuracies and nozzle errors are less noticeable as a result.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides that the relative speed at which the print head and the object move relative to one another move, changed or varied during printing.
  • the object executes a helical movement relative to the print head during printing and that the pitch of the helical movement is varied during printing.
  • the length by which the object is displaced during printing during one revolution of the object along its axis of rotation can vary. This makes it possible to print objects with complex shapes and / or to print special images.
  • the variation of the slope it is possible, for example, to react to variations in the outer diameter of a container, so that a uniform print image results.
  • the resolution can also be varied with the change in the slope.
  • the print image or a region of the print image can be applied in a higher resolution than the native resolution of the print head.
  • the pitch (axial offset per revolution) used when printing the area for the helical movement is the number of nozzles multiplied by the nozzle spacing and divided by the number a multiple of the native resolution.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides, however, that the print head or heads are aligned such that the nozzle arrangement extends in a direction parallel to the relative axis of rotation.
  • the printing nozzles can be arranged one below the other, that is to say vertically.
  • the vertical arrangement allows the pressure medium filled into the printhead to be ejected by gravity at the lower nozzle with a higher pressure than at the upper nozzle. This usually results in other droplet sizes, which are reflected in the color intensity. With clocked, offset printing, approaches would become visible. If you print with several colors, the effect is clearer because this applies to all colors.
  • each color can be applied at a different point in multi-color printing.
  • the application of the color can be started for different colors, particularly preferably for each of the colors, in each case at different points on the object to be printed.
  • the printing nozzles of different colors, particularly preferably of all colors thus begin the application of paint in each case at points spatially offset from one another. This is the case in particular with a helical relative movement between the print head and the object. Due to the helical relative movement, the colors are effectively distributed and do not appear in the same place as when printing with approaches.
  • the print start is therefore not for both print heads at the beginning of the print image on the object to be printed.
  • the start of printing of the second printhead can be offset by an angle with respect to an axis of rotation about which the object to be printed is rotated relative to the start of printing of the first printhead.
  • the second print head only prints the omitted starting area of the print image afterwards, which enables 360 ° printing again. This is possible, for example, when the object to be printed is rotated further relative to the second print head and that of the second print head initially omitted starting area is in front of the second printhead.
  • the print template read into the print raster is only modified for the first print head or the second print head.
  • an area of the original for the first printhead and / or for the second printhead or the second printhead that is not initially to be printed is cut off and attached to a previous end of the original that was read into the raster. This creates a continuous 360 ° image for the corresponding print head without jumping from the end at 360 ° to the beginning at 0 °.
  • the original print template read into the print raster for the second print head in this example for the Color magenta, can be modified as follows: In the print template read into the print raster, an initial area is cut out for the second print head, which corresponds to 0 ° to 90 ° of the print image to be applied with respect to the axis of rotation.
  • the modified print template reaches from 0 ° to 360 ° again, on the one hand the area not cut off is shifted by 90 ° to the beginning and on the other hand the cut area is attached to one end of the area which is not cut off.
  • the previously cut off starting area now forms an area from 270 ° to 360 ° of the print template for the second print head.
  • the information for the second print head is shifted cyclically by an angle of 90 ° compared to that for the first print head.
  • the print template for the second print head here for the color magenta, is, so to speak, compared to the print template for the first print head, here for the color blue "out of phase".
  • the first print head and the second print head are arranged at the same height in relation to the axis of rotation and still be able to start printing on the object at the same time.
  • the print start of the second print head (in the example cyan) is offset by 90 ° compared to the print start of the first print head (in the example magenta) for better quality stitching.
  • a print start of a third print head can particularly preferably be offset by an angle with respect to the print start of the second print head.
  • this angle can be equal to the angle at which the start of printing of the second print head is offset with respect to the start of printing of the first print head.
  • the print template read into the print raster is modified for the various print heads in such a way that the print starts of all print heads on the object to be printed are each offset from one another.
  • the print start below the print image to be printed.
  • the first point is set.
  • the object is rotated about an axis of rotation during printing and the direction of rotation is reversed during the printing process.
  • the printing surface or individual areas of the printing surface can be printed with a higher resolution.
  • the object can be moved axially during printing along an axis, preferably the axis of rotation, and the direction of movement along the axis can be reversed during the printing process.
  • the reversal of the shift or the rotation can take place in the area of one or more print heads. This saves time, especially with multi-pass procedures.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides that pinning and / or curing of the ink take place during the printing process and / or after printing.
  • the printed image can be pinned and / or hardened during or between or after the individual ink applications.
  • the object can be hardened by appropriate means. These include, for example, radiation sources such as a UV lamp, chemical agents such as crosslinking or hardening components, or thermal sources for evaporating the liquid components.
  • the object can also rotate about an axis of rotation during curing, and the direction of rotation can be reversed during the curing process.
  • the invention also relates to a device for digitally printing 3-dimensional objects, in particular bottles, cans or other hollow bodies, which is set up to carry out one of the methods described here.
  • a device for digitally printing 3-dimensional objects, in particular bottles, cans or other hollow bodies, which is set up to carry out one of the methods described here.
  • such a device has a receptacle for the object to be printed, at least one drive device with which the receptacle is axially displaceable in a displacement direction and rotatable in a direction of rotation about an axis of rotation, at least two print heads and a controller for controlling the drive device and the print heads .
  • the control is set up in such a way that it shifts the receptacle with the object arranged on it both in the displacement direction and rotates it in the direction of rotation during printing.
  • the receptacle can be a holder, in particular a turntable or the like, which guides the object in particular in a composite multi-axis movement.
  • At least two print heads are at the same height position in the direction of displacement. They are therefore in one plane and have no axial offset. However, they are arranged offset in the circumferential direction about the axis of rotation.
  • the at least two print heads lying in one plane start printing at the same time.
  • the oblique stripes that you print on the object to be printed when printing in a helical manner and that extend helically around the object to be printed then do not fit exactly on top of one another. Instead, they are offset from one another, even after one complete and several revolutions of the object to be printed.
  • the strip edges of a first inclined strip of a first print head are therefore in the interior of at least a second inclined strip of a second print head and are masked in this way. This makes the print image sharper and its quality is particularly good. In particular, it is less affected by irregularities in the shape of the object to be printed.
  • the device can be set up to control the multi-axis movement of the object in such a way that a surface to be printed can be printed by all print heads during the printing process.
  • the positions of the print heads can be selected as a function of the axial offset per revolution so that the print heads can start printing at the same axial height of the object.
  • Figure 1 shows a rotationally symmetrical 3-dimensional object 1 to be printed in the form of a bottle.
  • the bottle 1 is received in a receptacle 2 in the form of a turntable, the turntable 2 being drivable in rotation about an axis of rotation 3, so that the bottle 2 rotates about its axis of symmetry or center axis that coincides with the axis of rotation 3 in the longitudinal direction (here in the vertical Direction) coincides.
  • the turntable 2 is part of a drive device 4, which is only shown schematically and which can be moved up and down in the vertical direction, that is to say along the axis of rotation 3, which is indicated by arrows 5.
  • an area 6 is marked which extends over the outer circumference of the bottle 1 and which is to be printed with a print image.
  • a print head 7 is arranged next to the bottle 1. Different positions of the print head 7 in the vertical direction relative to the bottle 1 are identified by a), b) and c). However, it is the same printhead at different stages of the printing process.
  • the print head 7 has a number of print nozzles 8, the arrangement of which extends in the height direction (displacement direction) along the extension B (effective print head width). Adjacent (directly adjacent) nozzles in a row of nozzles extending parallel to the axis 3 have one Distance T. The row of pressure nozzles is aligned vertically and parallel to axis 3. The extent of the pressure area 6 or the pressure surface is greater in the axial direction (in the height direction) than that of the nozzle arrangement B.
  • the image to be printed is in digital form and is divided into a virtual grid of image points, which consists of image columns and image lines, by means of software known from the prior art.
  • the print grid is used to control the print nozzles.
  • ink from the nozzles 8 is applied to the bottle 1 in the form of pressure points in accordance with the specifications of the pressure dot grid, so that the print motif is printed as a grid motif on the outside of the bottle 1.
  • the bottle 1 is held with the surface 6 to be printed at a small distance from the print head 7 and rotates around its central axis or around the axis of rotation 3 along the direction of rotation R.
  • This rotational movement is paired with a displacement movement 5 along the axis of rotation 3 (here downwards), so that the print head 7 is offset upwards relative to the object 1.
  • It is therefore a composite or superimposed multi-axis movement that combines an axial movement with a rotary movement.
  • the surface 6 to be printed moves helically past the print head 7. It is a relative movement in the form of a helix line.
  • the print head 7 is thereby moved relative to the bottle 1 from position a) via position b) to position c).
  • Printing begins when the first (uppermost) nozzle 8 of the print head 7 sets the first pixel of the bottom row of the print dot grid at position a).
  • the following print points for the lower edge of the print dot grid are printed by the uppermost nozzle 8 until the second nozzle from the top reaches the lower edge of the print area. From this point on, the second nozzle will also print a helix line below that of the first nozzle. After a certain displacement of the printhead, the lowest nozzle also enters the printing area.
  • an oblique strip 10 is printed on the bottle, which extends helically around the bottle.
  • the oblique solid lines 9 in Figure 1 characterize the pressure course of the strip 10 applied by the print head 7 on the front side 11 of the bottle 1.
  • the inclined strip 10 merges seamlessly into the strip printed during the previous rotation, so that a seamless and clean print image results.
  • This creates a continuous pressure of a compression strip 10 surrounding the outside of the bottle 1 in a helical manner, with the width L in the axial direction, which corresponds to the dimension B.
  • the print head 7 In position c), the print head 7 has almost left the printing area, with the lowermost nozzle of the print head 7 applying the final droplets in accordance with the programming.
  • the method described above can also be carried out the other way around, in that the bottle is guided upward in the axial direction during printing. In this case, printing starts at the top of the area to be printed 6.
  • the slope can also be halved by halving the distance of the relative displacement per revolution. In this way, intermediate points can also be set and the resolution used for printing can be increased.
  • Fig. 2a shows an analogue print motif (print template 12. This picture motif is rasterized for raster printing.
  • a virtual Cartesian grid 13 is placed over the image motif.
  • the grid 13 is in the form of an XY grid and is divided into individual grid cells 14.
  • the grid cells 14 are rectangular.
  • the color information of the print motif in the individual grid cells is read in and stored in the grid cells.
  • the print template is now available in locked form.
  • the print head virtually traverses the print raster and prints the individual image points according to the specifications that are stored in the raster for the individual image points.
  • Figure 2c shows analogously to Figure 2b the rasterization of the motif 12 Fig. 2a into a printing raster 15.
  • the printing raster 15 is not a Cartesian raster with rectangular cells, but a non-orthogonal two-dimensional raster in which the coordinate axes X, Y are not perpendicular to one another but are at an angle 16 at an angle to one another .
  • the parallelogram 15 is large enough that it completely encloses the analog image motif when it is virtually superimposed on it.
  • the image area is divided into columns of the image area by vertical grid lines (parallel to the Y-axis) or inclined grid lines (parallel to the X-axis) and image area lines divided.
  • a horizontal line would therefore be just as step-shaped as a sloping line in the Cartesian grid.
  • the inclined line is printed more precisely in the parallelogram grid.
  • the deviation when a horizontal line is printed in the parallelogram grid corresponds at most to the distance between 2 nozzles (in our example 1/100 mm) and is not noticeable to the eye.
  • the parallelogram 15, which is placed over the print motif is arranged opposite the Cartesian grid 13 in such a way that the Y grid lines of the parallelogram 15 run parallel to the Y grid lines of the Cartesian grid 13, whereas the X grid lines of the the two grids 12, 15 are inclined to one another.
  • the image motif is divided into individual parallelograms 14 (image area cells) due to the inclined (X) and vertical (Y) raster lines, and the corresponding color information is stored in the raster 15.
  • the image information is read out in the print cells 14 at the raster positions (image column X i and image line Y j ) and used to control the print head.
  • the parallelogram raster is processed like a Cartesian raster for the print data.
  • Fig. 2d shows the print result 18 (raster-like print image) when the parallelogram raster 15 is processed as a Cartesian raster, the print head being moved parallel to the X axis and no relative movement between the print head and the surface to be printed in the Y direction.
  • the printed motif is sheared or printed at an angle.
  • Fig. 2e shows the print result 19 (raster-like print image) of a combined rotating and shifting movement of the object 1 to be printed relative to the print head 7 when the parallelogram raster 15 is off Figure 2c is used to control the print head 7.
  • the displacement of the surface to be printed is superimposed on the rotational movement.
  • the printing helix pitch ⁇ correlates with or corresponds to the pitch angle 16 of the printing grid 15. Due to the printing helix pitch ⁇ , the bottle is displaced by the distance h after one revolution - in accordance with the definition of the pitch given above.
  • the print motif Fig. 2e is approximately transformed back and the individual pressure points 20 are applied according to the desired result.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé d'impression numérique d'objets tridimensionnels (1), en particulier de bouteilles, canettes ou autres corps creux, au moyen d'au moins une tête d'impression (7), dans lequel l'objet (1) à imprimer se déplace par rapport à la tête d'impression (7) en vue de l'impression, dans lequel un original d'impression (12) est divisé en une pluralité de points d'impression (14) et les points d'impression (14) sont stockés dans une trame d'impression (15) constituée de colonnes d'image et de lignes d'image, dans lequel la trame d'impression (15) est utilisée pour commander la tête d'impression (7) lors de l'impression, afin d'appliquer une image d'impression à l'objet à imprimer (1), caractérisé en ce que la trame d'impression (15) est incurvée et l'image les lignes et les colonnes d'image ne sont pas perpendiculaires mais plutôt obliques l'une par rapport à l'autre; et en ce que l'original d'impression (12) est lu dans la trame d'impression incurvée (15).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la trame d'impression (15) a la forme d'un parallélogramme ou d'un losange.
  3. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la tête d'impression (7) comporte une rangée de buses d'impression avec un nombre n de buses d'impression (8) avec un espacement (T) entre les buses d'impression adjacentes (8), caractérisé en ce que la trame d'impression incurvée (15) est formée d'une trame d'impression rectangulaire (13), dans lequel la trame d'impression rectangulaire (13) est distordu en un parallélogramme ou un losange, dans lequel la distorsion (17) est corrélée à n-fois l'espacement (T).
  4. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une surface (6) de l'objet (1) à imprimer est déplacée selon un mouvement multi-axes composite par rapport à la tête d'impression (7) lors de l'impression.
  5. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'objet (1) tourne par rapport à la tête d'impression (7) lors de l'impression et est simultanément déplacé selon son axe de rotation (3), de sorte que l'objet (1) effectue un mouvement hélicoïdal par rapport à la tête d'impression (8).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que pour une impression en un seul passage une pente du mouvement hélicoïdal correspond au nombre de buses de pression (8) multiplié par l'espacement (T) entre deux buses de pression adjacentes.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel des points d'impression individuels d'une image d'impression (19) sont appliqués en plusieurs étapes, caractérisé en ce qu'une pente correspond au nombre de buses de pression (8) multiplié par l'espacement (T) entre deux buses de pression adjacentes (8) et divisé par le nombre d'étapes.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une augmentation du mouvement hélicoïdal correspond au nombre de buses d'impression (8) multiplié par l'espacement (T) de deux buses d'impression adjacentes (8) et divisé par le nombre d'un multiple de la résolution native de la tête d'impression, de sorte qu'une zone d'une image d'impression (19) soit appliquée dans une résolution plus élevée qu'une résolution native de la tête d'impression.
  9. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'épinglage et/ou le durcissement de l'encre a lieu pendant le processus d'impression et/ou après l'impression,
    et/ou que pendant le processus d'impression et/ou de durcissement de l'encre, un sens de rotation de l'objet (1) peut être inversé, et/ou qu'une pente du mouvement hélicoïdal est modifiée pendant l'impression.
  10. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins des points d'impression individuels (20) de l'image imprimée (19) sont appliqués en plusieurs étapes, dans lequel la répartition de la quantité totale du support d'impression des points (20) est exécutée de manière aléatoire au cours des étapes individuelles.
  11. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'original d'impression lu dans la trame d'impression pour une première tête d'impression et/ou une deuxième tête d'impression est modifié de telle sorte que les démarrages d'impression des différentes têtes d'impression sur l'objet à imprimer soient décalés les uns des autres.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'une zone de l'original d'impression pour la première tête d'impression et/ou pour la deuxième tête d'impression qui ne doit pas être initialement imprimée est coupée et rattachée à une extrémité précédente du modèle d'impression lu dans la trame d'impression.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou la revendication 12, caractérise en ce qu'un début d'impression d'une troisième et/ou quatrième tête d'impression est décalée d'un angle par rapport au début d'impression de la deuxième tête d'impression.
  14. Dispositif d'impression numérique d'objets tridimensionnels (1), en particulier des bouteilles, canettes ou autres corps creux, au moyen d'un procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, comportant un réceptacle (2) pour l'objet à imprimer, au moins un dispositif d'entraînement (4) avec lequel le réceptacle (2) dans un sens de déplacement (5) est déplaçable axialement et rotatif dans un sens de rotation (R) autour d'un axe de rotation (3), comportant au moins deux têtes d'impression (7) et comportant un contrôleur pour commander le dispositif d'entraînement (4) et les têtes d'impression (7), dans lequel le dispositif de commande est configuré de telle sorte qu'il déplace le réceptacle (2) avec l'objet (1) à imprimer sur celui-ci disposé tant dans le sens de déplacement (5) que tourné dans le sens de rotation (R) pendant l'impression, dans lequel les au moins deux têtes d'impression (7) sont dans la même position de hauteur dans le sens du déplacement (5).
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le contrôleur est configuré pour que les au moins deux têtes d'impression (7) commencent à imprimer l'objet (1) à imprimer en même temps.
EP17717729.2A 2016-04-18 2017-04-18 Procédé et dispositif d'impression numérique d'objets tridimensionnels Active EP3445590B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016107087.4A DE102016107087A1 (de) 2016-04-18 2016-04-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum digitalen Bedrucken von 3-dimensionalen Objekten
PCT/EP2017/059126 WO2017182439A1 (fr) 2016-04-18 2017-04-18 Procédé et dispositif d'impression numérique d'objets tridimensionnels

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EP3445590B1 true EP3445590B1 (fr) 2021-04-07

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US (1) US20190092043A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3445590B1 (fr)
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CN109572207B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2020-08-04 重庆宏劲印务有限责任公司 一种光油喷涂形式在瓶体上打印立体图案的装置和方法
IT201900008499A1 (it) 2019-06-10 2020-12-10 Nicola Cristiano Zonno Processo e sistema di produzione di oggetti decorati
AT522737B1 (de) * 2019-07-08 2021-07-15 Franz Neuhofer Verfahren zum digitalen Bedrucken einer Profilleiste
CN112123951B (zh) * 2020-09-30 2022-01-21 北京猎户星空科技有限公司 标签打印机构、打印方法、打印装置、控制器及存储介质
JP7116877B1 (ja) 2021-02-09 2022-08-12 株式会社トライテック 画像記録装置
DE102022108149A1 (de) * 2022-04-05 2023-10-05 Krones Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Bedrucken eines Behälters und Vorrichtung zum Bedrucken eines Behälters
CN115871350A (zh) * 2022-12-13 2023-03-31 上海开仰实业有限公司 一种标签打印机打印头智能调节系统

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DE3526769A1 (de) 1985-07-26 1987-01-29 Schmalbach Lubeca Verfahren zum dekorieren von behaeltern aus metall oder kunststoff
US5610649A (en) * 1993-04-26 1997-03-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Color thermal printing method
US6394577B1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2002-05-28 Eastman Kodak Company Ink jet printing on a receiver attached to a drum
US7111915B2 (en) * 2001-06-08 2006-09-26 Raul Martinez Methods and apparatus for image transfer
GB2376920A (en) * 2001-06-27 2002-12-31 Inca Digital Printers Ltd Inkjet printing on a three-dimensional object including relative movement of a printhead and the object during printing about a rotational axis
US7052125B2 (en) * 2003-08-28 2006-05-30 Lexmark International, Inc. Apparatus and method for ink-jet printing onto an intermediate drum in a helical pattern
DE202013004037U1 (de) * 2013-01-31 2013-06-26 Krones Ag Behälterausstattungsanlage
ES2768283T3 (es) * 2013-10-09 2020-06-22 Hinterkopf Gmbh Equipo de impresión, máquina de impresión y procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un equipo de impresión

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EP3445590A1 (fr) 2019-02-27
US20190092043A1 (en) 2019-03-28
DE102016107087A1 (de) 2017-10-19
WO2017182439A1 (fr) 2017-10-26

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