EP3444520B1 - Cooling of an exhaust system of liquefied gas for driving of machines, installations or vehicles - Google Patents

Cooling of an exhaust system of liquefied gas for driving of machines, installations or vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3444520B1
EP3444520B1 EP18184482.0A EP18184482A EP3444520B1 EP 3444520 B1 EP3444520 B1 EP 3444520B1 EP 18184482 A EP18184482 A EP 18184482A EP 3444520 B1 EP3444520 B1 EP 3444520B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
gas
liquid
tank
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18184482.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3444520A1 (en
Inventor
Kei Philipp Behruzi
Johannes Lux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArianeGroup GmbH
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ArianeGroup GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3444520A1 publication Critical patent/EP3444520A1/en
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Publication of EP3444520B1 publication Critical patent/EP3444520B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • B63J2/14—Heating; Cooling of liquid-freight-carrying tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0353—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid using cryocooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0372—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/021—Avoiding over pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel system for a liquid gas drive, the fuel system having a liquid gas tank and a cooling system for cooling an evaporation of liquid gas.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cooling an evaporation of liquid gas from a liquid gas drive and a vehicle, in particular a watercraft, a system and a machine, each of which has a liquid gas drive and a fuel system.
  • the drain valve closes again as soon as a specified minimum tank pressure value is reached. After closing, the tank pressure rises again until the maximum pressure is reached again.
  • the cooling arrangement requires a line system for the liquid gas from the tank to the heat exchanger and back to the tank, which, with its pipes and connections, causes an increased susceptibility to leakage. In particular, because of the flammability of the liquid gas, the safety of the system is reduced.
  • the pamphlet JP 2000 266294 A discloses a portable liquefied gas storage tank with a cooling system. From the pamphlet US 2015/204604 A1 a technique for delivering a combustible fluid fuel is known.
  • the present invention has the object of providing a technique for preventing evaporation gas from being let out, which technique offers increased plant safety.
  • a fuel system according to the invention is intended for a liquid gas drive (e.g. a liquid natural gas drive), in particular for a liquid gas drive of a vehicle (e.g. a water or land vehicle), a plant (e.g. a process engineering plant or manufacturing plant) or a machine. It has a liquid gas tank (for holding liquid gas provided for the drive, which can be natural gas, for example) and a cooling system.
  • the latter includes a liquid nitrogen tank, a heat exchanger, a nitrogen pump and a nitrogen cooler (for cooling nitrogen passed through).
  • the liquid nitrogen tank, heat exchanger, nitrogen pump and nitrogen cooler are connected to one another in a line circuit by lines, so that nitrogen can circulate from the liquid nitrogen tank one after the other through the heat exchanger and the nitrogen cooler and back into the liquid nitrogen tank by means of the nitrogen pump.
  • the heat exchanger is arranged inside the liquid gas tank, so that thermal energy of liquid gas evaporation (i.e. a gas portion from evaporated liquid gas) in the liquid gas tank can be given off to nitrogen passed through the heat exchanger.
  • the inventive arrangement of the heat exchanger in the interior of the liquid gas tank allows the liquid gas to be cooled or the liquid gas to be evaporated without it leaving the liquid gas tank. Leakage-prone connections and lines for the liquid gas or its evaporation can thus be avoided, which offers the advantage of increased plant safety.
  • the design of the cooling system according to the invention with the line circuit and the nitrogen cooler also allows the liquid gas evaporation to be cooled in a closed system without loss of nitrogen. Regular refilling of nitrogen and thus a continuous supply of liquid nitrogen can thus be dispensed with, which means a reduction in the cost of refueling the ship. In addition, the amount of cooling liquid (nitrogen) to be carried on the journey and thus the transport energy to be applied can be reduced in this way.
  • the liquid nitrogen tank, the nitrogen cooler and / or the nitrogen pump are / is preferably arranged outside the liquid gas tank.
  • the line circuit can have a bypass line for the nitrogen pump, the bypass line preferably comprising a valve. In this way, the cooling system can continue to operate in the event of a defect in the nitrogen pump (e.g. pressure-controlled).
  • the nitrogen cooler is preferably arranged in an intended pumping direction (i.e. an intended flow direction for the nitrogen) behind the heat exchanger and is set up to cool down the nitrogen warmed up in the heat exchanger (in the liquid gas tank) by the liquid gas evaporation.
  • an intended pumping direction i.e. an intended flow direction for the nitrogen
  • the nitrogen cooler can in particular be set up to be operated electrically.
  • the fuel system can comprise an electricity generator which provides the electricity for the nitrogen cooler.
  • a power generator which in a vehicle according to the invention or a system according to the invention can be arranged, for example, in the tank room, can in particular be set up to be operated with the liquid gas, so that the cooling power is then obtained from the liquid gas itself. (In the ideal, loss-free system, the energy required for cooling would correspond to the energy of the evaporation gas.)
  • a vehicle according to the invention (which can in particular be a watercraft or a land vehicle) has a liquid gas drive and - for providing liquid propulsion gas - a fuel system according to the invention according to one of the embodiments disclosed in this document.
  • a system according to the invention (which can be, for example, a process engineering system or a production system) or a machine according to the invention analogously has a liquid gas drive and - to provide liquid drive gas - a fuel system according to the invention according to one of the embodiments disclosed in this document.
  • the liquefied gas drive can in particular be a liquefied natural gas drive.
  • the cooling system of a fuel system according to the invention has an outlet for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger.
  • the outlet, to which the heat exchanger is preferably connected by a line bypassing the nitrogen cooler, can be closed and opened (for example, depending on the pressure, e.g. by means of a pressure relief valve).
  • such an outlet enables optional operation of the cooling system (e.g. in the event of failure of the nitrogen cooler or the pump) as an open system in which the nitrogen, after it has absorbed heat from the liquefied gas evaporation, is not passed through the nitrogen cooler and cooled down again, but via a Line is discharged directly through the outlet.
  • the nitrogen is released into the environment in gaseous form.
  • the system can then be operated for a certain time (e.g. on the order of several days). During this period, either the cooling system or the defective component (s) should be repaired or an appropriate safety device should be implemented.
  • the cooling system also comprises a nitrogen pressurized gas reservoir, which is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank via a line (which can preferably comprise a controllable valve).
  • a line which can preferably comprise a controllable valve.
  • the cooling system preferably has an overpressure outlet. Through this pressure-dependent nitrogen can then be released from the cooling system.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably arranged in a gas space of the liquid gas tank, that is to say above a liquid level (or an intended maximum fill level) of the liquid gas.
  • the heat exchanger can preferably be arranged in an uppermost quarter or even uppermost sixth of an interior space of the liquid gas tank.
  • the heat exchanger has a plurality of cooling tubes for passing nitrogen through (from the line circuit).
  • the plurality of cooling tubes preferably have a common inlet and / or a common discharge line, so that a nitrogen stream that is passed through only divides in the cooling tubes and is brought together again (in its flow direction) behind the cooling tubes.
  • the plurality of cooling tubes can in particular comprise at least two cooling tubes which run at least in sections along a respective ring around a common central axis.
  • the respective rings of the two or more cooling tubes can be arranged one above the other in the direction of the common central axis and thus form several layers (and for example have the same radius).
  • the plurality can comprise at least two cooling tubes which run at least in sections along a respective ring around a common central axis, the respective rings having different radii and the cooling tubes being arranged in a common position (so that at least one ring has another Ring runs around the outside).
  • the common central axis preferably runs essentially vertically.
  • the plurality of cooling tubes preferably forms at least one gap through which the evaporation gas in the liquefied gas tank is located several of the cooling tubes can flow through. This enables particularly effective cooling to be achieved.
  • the heat exchanger comprises at least one drip tray for evaporation of the liquid gas condensed on the heat exchanger.
  • the at least one drip tray can in particular be arranged on a lowermost cooling pipe of the heat exchanger - based on an alignment of the liquid gas tank provided for the operating state.
  • it can follow the course of at least one of the cooling tubes (e.g. a lowermost one), for example be designed in a ring-like manner at least in sections.
  • a fuel system has at least one extraction system with a chimney, the liquid gas tank being connected to the extraction system via at least one line.
  • the line can include a pressure relief valve. Exceeding the maximum tank pressure in the liquefied gas tank can thus be prevented in that (in particular in the event of a fault) evaporation gas can be discharged from the liquefied gas tank through the extraction system.
  • the cooling system can also be connected to the extraction system (via a corresponding line).
  • the above-mentioned outlet for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger and / or the overpressure outlet (for nitrogen) can lead into the extraction system for the liquefied gas tank or into a (possibly respective or common) separate extraction.
  • a liquefied gas drive of a vehicle according to the invention or a system or machine according to the invention can have its own vent or be connected to the said vent system for the liquefied gas tank.
  • the exhaust system has at least one burner for the targeted flaring of discharged gas (which in particular can be evaporation gas from the liquid gas tank or - in the case of a corresponding connection - gas used to operate the drive system).
  • the burner is preferably arranged in an upper third, more preferably in an upper eighth or even an upper tenth of the chimney.
  • the extraction system preferably has a deflagration protection. It prevents the explosive spread of flames back into the liquid gas tank.
  • a fuel system according to the invention has a take-off system and also a nitrogen flushing system for feeding nitrogen into the take-off system.
  • the nitrogen flushing system can comprise a nitrogen reservoir, for example at least one nitrogen pressurized gas cylinder; the nitrogen reservoir can coincide entirely or partially with the above-mentioned nitrogen pressurized gas reservoir of the cooling system or it can be a separate nitrogen reservoir.
  • the nitrogen flushing system preferably has at least one valve and / or at least one pressure regulator.
  • this flammable gas can be mixed with nitrogen or diluted and thus discharged in a non-flammable concentration.
  • the combination of cooling system, nitrogen flushing system and extraction system can create redundancy that can compensate for the failure of a part (e.g. individual components) of the fuel system. In this way, in the event of a fault, safe operation can be guaranteed, at least for a limited period of time, without the evaporation gas escaping into the environment in dangerous concentrations.
  • a fuel system according to the invention preferably has a pressure system for the liquefied gas tank, which has a further heat exchanger (also referred to here as "vaporization heat exchanger" for better differentiation) for vaporising liquefied gas from the liquefied gas tank and a line for introducing vaporized liquefied gas into the liquefied gas tank includes.
  • a further heat exchanger also referred to here as "vaporization heat exchanger” for better differentiation
  • a method according to the invention is used to cool an evaporation of liquid gas from a liquid gas drive.
  • the liquefied gas (which can in particular be liquefied natural gas) is arranged in a liquefied gas tank of a fuel system according to the invention according to one of the embodiments disclosed in this document, and the method comprises passing nitrogen through the heat exchanger located in the liquefied gas tank.
  • the fuel system is designed with the above-mentioned closable or openable outlet for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger.
  • the method can then include passing nitrogen through the line circuit of the cooling system with the outlet closed, and in a second phase (for example after failure of the pump or the nitrogen cooler) passing nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen tank through the heat exchanger and to the (open) Outlet, preferably bypassing the nitrogen cooler.
  • the outlet can be opened in a pressure-controlled manner, for example by means of a pressure relief valve, in particular after an error has occurred.
  • the fuel system can have an overpressure outlet for limiting a maximum pressure in the line circuit, the fuel system and the method in the second phase comprise a discharge of nitrogen through the overpressure outlet.
  • the fuel system comprises, as mentioned above, an extraction system and a nitrogen flushing system.
  • the method comprises cooling evaporation gas by means of the cooling system during a first period and during a second period (for example after a failure of the cooling system) evaporation gas is discharged through the extraction system.
  • the exhaust system comprises a burner
  • the method can be a Include flaring the exhaust gas during the second period.
  • the method can include diluting the evaporation gas in the extraction system to a non-combustible concentration by feeding nitrogen from the nitrogen flushing system into the extraction system.
  • a fuel system 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in an exemplary embodiment in an orientation provided for the operating state.
  • the fuel system 1 which can be or can be installed in a vehicle (eg a watercraft or land vehicle), a system or a machine (each) with liquid gas drive, comprises a cooling system 10 and a tank space 20 with a liquid gas tank 21. This is set up for this purpose , via a line 22 with a (not shown) drive system or is already connected to it.
  • the cooling system 10 has a liquid nitrogen tank 11, a nitrogen pump 12, a heat exchanger 13 and a nitrogen cooler 14, which are connected to one another in a line circuit.
  • the liquid nitrogen tank 11 is connected via a line with a (preferably controllable) valve to a nitrogen pressurized gas reservoir 16, which in the present case is designed as a nitrogen pressurized gas cylinder. With the aid of the compressed nitrogen gas reservoir 16, an operating pressure can be set in the liquid nitrogen tank 11 which determines the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger 13.
  • the heat exchanger 13 is arranged inside the liquid gas tank 21, specifically in an upper area above a liquid level (not shown) of the liquid gas contained, so that liquid gas evaporation can flow around the heat exchanger 13 and condense on it.
  • the nitrogen pump 12 is set up to bring nitrogen into circulation in the line circuit. It is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank 11 via a line 15 comprising a valve and can (in particular in the case of a defect in the nitrogen pump) in the present case be bypassed by a line 17 with a valve.
  • the nitrogen cooler 14 can, for example, be operated electrically, for example by means of a current generator (not shown), which in turn can be operated with liquid gas from the liquid gas tank 21.
  • the fuel system 1 shown also has a pressure system for the liquid gas tank, which is arranged in the tank space 20 and comprises an evaporation heat exchanger 23 for evaporating liquid gas from the liquid gas tank and a line 24 (with a valve) for introducing evaporated liquid gas into the liquid gas tank.
  • a pressure system for the liquid gas tank which is arranged in the tank space 20 and comprises an evaporation heat exchanger 23 for evaporating liquid gas from the liquid gas tank and a line 24 (with a valve) for introducing evaporated liquid gas into the liquid gas tank.
  • the liquid gas tank 21 is connected to an extraction system 30 via a line 25 with a pressure relief valve 26.
  • a predetermined maximum pressure in the liquid gas tank 21 is exceeded, evaporation gas can thus be released into the environment, as indicated in the drawing by an arrow.
  • the exhaust system comprises a chimney 31, in the upper eighth of which a burner 32 is arranged for the targeted flaring of evaporation gas.
  • a deflagration protection 33 is arranged in the chimney 31 between the liquid gas tank 21 and the burner 32, with which a flashback of flames into the liquid gas tank 21 is to be prevented.
  • the fuel system 1 comprises a nitrogen flushing system 40 with a nitrogen reservoir 41, which in the present case comprises a pressurized gas cylinder and is connected to the extraction system 30 via a line 42 (which comprises at least one valve).
  • a nitrogen flushing system 40 with a nitrogen reservoir 41, which in the present case comprises a pressurized gas cylinder and is connected to the extraction system 30 via a line 42 (which comprises at least one valve).
  • a line 42 which comprises at least one valve.
  • nitrogen flushing system thus offers an additional safeguard for the fuel system.
  • the fuel system comprises both the nitrogen flushing system 40 and the burner 32 to increase safety by means of redundancies; in alternative design variants, none or only these two units are included.
  • the cooling system 10 comprises an outlet 18 for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger 13 and an overpressure outlet 19 for limiting a maximum pressure in the line circuit (in particular in the liquid nitrogen tank), both of which in the present case are designed as overpressure valves and lead into the chimney 31 of the exhaust system 30.
  • the fuel system 1 can be operated via the outlet 18 as an open system, bypassing the nitrogen cooler 14, for example in the event of a defect in the nitrogen cooler 14 or the pump 12 for a time until a repair.
  • an exemplary heat exchanger 13 is shown in two different perspectives, which is used in an advantageous embodiment variant of a fuel system 1 according to the invention: shows in the alignment of the liquid gas tank provided for the operating state Figure 2a the heat exchanger from above, the direction of view of the figure is vertical, whereas the Figure 2b shows the heat exchanger 13 from the side, that is to say with a horizontal viewing direction towards the figure.
  • the heat exchanger 13 has a plurality of cooling tubes 131, 131 ', 131 ", 131a, 131b, ..., 131n for the passage of nitrogen, which run along a respective ring around a common central axis A, which in the Figure 2a runs in the direction of view and can therefore only be seen as a point. It goes without saying that the number of cooling tubes shown in each case is only an example.
  • the respective rings of the Figure 2a visible cooling tubes have different radii, the cooling tube 131 therefore runs as a ring around the cooling tube 131 'and this in turn as a ring around the cooling tube 131 ".
  • the three cooling tubes 131, 131' and 131" are arranged in a common position, ie not offset from one another along the central axis A. Gaps S (also running coaxially) through which evaporation gas can flow are formed between the cooling tubes 131, 131 'and 131 ".
  • cooling tubes 131, 131a, 131b, 131n shown and the cooling tubes not provided with reference symbols are stacked one on top of the other in the direction of the central axis and thus form several layers.
  • the respective rings all have the same radius.
  • the cooling tubes 131, 131 ', 131 ′′, 131a, 131b,..., 131n have a common supply line 132 and a common discharge line 133 through which nitrogen can be introduced or discharged thus parallel switched.
  • the intended flow direction for the nitrogen is indicated by arrows.
  • a drip tray 134 is arranged on the present lowermost cooling pipe 131n, which follows the course of the ring of the cooling pipe 131n and extends vertically. Condensed evaporation gas can drip off on the drip tray 134.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of the heat exchanger 13 in a sectional view and in function:
  • the evaporation gas flows with increasing cooling from top to bottom through the gap S between the stacked cooling tubes until it is in the area of the lowest cooling tube layer (with Cooling tube 131n and cooling tubes located further inside relative to the central axis) is condensed.
  • the lowermost cooling tubes each have a ring-like and vertically extending drip tray 134, 134 ', 134 "on which the liquid droplets F fall down from the condensed evaporation gas.
  • a fuel system 1 for a liquid gas drive has a liquid gas tank 21 and a cooling system 10 for liquid gas evaporation, which comprises a liquid nitrogen tank 11, a nitrogen pump 12, a heat exchanger 13 and a nitrogen cooler 14, which are connected to one another in a line circuit.
  • the heat exchanger 13 is arranged inside the liquid gas tank 21.
  • a vehicle, a system and a machine, each with a fuel system 1, and a method for cooling an evaporation of liquid gas from a liquid gas drive are also disclosed.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Treibstoffsystem für einen Flüssiggasantrieb, wobei das Treibstoffsystem einen Flüssiggastank und ein Kühlsystem zum Kühlen einer Abdampfung von Flüssiggas aufweist. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Kühlen einer Abdampfung von Flüssiggas eines Flüssiggasantriebs sowie ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere ein Wasserfahrzeug, eine Anlage und eine Maschine, die jeweils einen Flüssiggasantrieb und ein Treibstoffsystem aufweisen.The present invention relates to a fuel system for a liquid gas drive, the fuel system having a liquid gas tank and a cooling system for cooling an evaporation of liquid gas. The invention also relates to a method for cooling an evaporation of liquid gas from a liquid gas drive and a vehicle, in particular a watercraft, a system and a machine, each of which has a liquid gas drive and a fuel system.

Systeme, die Flüssiggas (insbesondere Erdgas) lagern oder die mit Flüssiggas betrieben werden, haben in der Regel die Eigenschaft, dass Wärme durch die Tankisolierungen in die in der Regel tiefkalte (kryogene) Flüssigkeit eindringt; die Flüssigkeit kann beispielsweise eine Temperatur von ca. -161°C aufweisen. Letztlich führt die eingebrachte Wärme zu einer Verdampfung der Flüssigkeit. Die Abdampfung wird in der Fachwelt auch englisch als "Boil Off Gas", kurz "BOG" bezeichnet. Der zusätzliche Gasanteil im Flüssiggastank lässt den Tankdruck ansteigen. Da der zulässige Tankdruck aus strukturellen Gründen limitiert ist, ist häufig ein Ablassventil vorgesehen, das bei Überschreitung eines Maximaldruckes geöffnet wird. Das Gas strömt dann durch das Ablassventil aus dem Tank und kann über einen Kamin in die Umgebung entweichen. Damit kein brennbares Gas unverbrannt in die Umgebung gelangt, wird das abgedampfte, über den Kamin in die Umgebung abgelassene Gas oft abgefackelt.Systems that store liquid gas (especially natural gas) or that are operated with liquid gas usually have the property that heat penetrates through the tank insulation into the usually cryogenic liquid; the liquid can have a temperature of approx. -161 ° C., for example. Ultimately, the heat introduced leads to evaporation of the liquid. The evaporation is also called "Boil Off Gas", or "BOG" for short. The additional gas content in the liquid gas tank causes the tank pressure to rise. Since the permissible tank pressure is limited for structural reasons, a drain valve is often provided that is opened when a maximum pressure is exceeded. The gas then flows out of the tank through the drain valve and can escape into the environment via a chimney. So that no flammable gas reaches the environment unburned, the vaporized gas that is released into the environment via the chimney is often flared.

Das Ablassventil schließt sich wieder, sobald ein vorgegebener minimaler Tankdruckwert erreicht wird. Nach dem Schließen steigt der Tankdruck bis zum erneuten Erreichen des Maximaldruckes wieder an.The drain valve closes again as soon as a specified minimum tank pressure value is reached. After closing, the tank pressure rises again until the maximum pressure is reached again.

Das Ablassen von überschüssigem Gas ist für ein solches System unerlässlich, erfordert aber eine Umgebung, die den Betrieb dieses Systems erlaubt: Befindet sich der Kaminauslass in der Nähe einer Zündquelle (z.B. bei einem Brand) oder eines zündfähigen Gases (z.B. bei einem Gasleck), ist der Betrieb dieses Standardsystems kritisch. Darüber hinaus kann die durch die Abdampfung generierte Energie häufig nicht genutzt werden, so dass der Verlust an Tankinhalt nicht kompensiert wird.Excess gas venting is essential for such a system, but requires an environment that allows it to operate Systems allowed: If the chimney outlet is located near a source of ignition (e.g. in the event of a fire) or an ignitable gas (e.g. in the event of a gas leak), the operation of this standard system is critical. In addition, the energy generated by the evaporation can often not be used, so that the loss of tank content is not compensated.

Aus der EP 2 899 116 A2 ist ein System bekannt, bei dem das Flüssiggas oder das Abdampfungsgas in einen Wärmetauscher geleitet wird, durch den Flüssigstickstoff geleitet wird. Das Flüssiggas bzw. das abgedampfte Gas wird dadurch abgekühlt bzw. rückverflüssigt und zurück in den Tank geleitet. Der beim Wärmeaustausch verdampfte Stickstoff wird durch ein Ventil abgeführt.From the EP 2 899 116 A2 a system is known in which the liquid gas or the evaporation gas is passed into a heat exchanger through which liquid nitrogen is passed. The liquid gas or the vaporized gas is thereby cooled or reliquefied and fed back into the tank. The nitrogen evaporated during the heat exchange is discharged through a valve.

Die Kühlungsanordnung erfordert dabei jedoch ein Leitungssystem für das Flüssiggas vom Tank zum Wärmetauscher und wieder zum Tank zurück, das mit seinen Rohrleitungen und Anschlüssen eine erhöhte Leckageanfälligkeit bedingt. Insbesondere aufgrund der Brennbarkeit des Flüssiggases wird dadurch die Sicherheit der Anlage vermindert.The cooling arrangement, however, requires a line system for the liquid gas from the tank to the heat exchanger and back to the tank, which, with its pipes and connections, causes an increased susceptibility to leakage. In particular, because of the flammability of the liquid gas, the safety of the system is reduced.

Die Druckschrift JP 2000 266294 A offenbart einen transportablen Flüssiggasspeichertank mit einem Kühlsystem. Aus der Druckschrift US 2015/204604 A1 ist eine Technik zum Zuführen eines brennbaren fluiden Treibstoffs bekannt.The pamphlet JP 2000 266294 A discloses a portable liquefied gas storage tank with a cooling system. From the pamphlet US 2015/204604 A1 a technique for delivering a combustible fluid fuel is known.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat die Aufgabe, eine Technik zur Vermeidung eines Ablassens von Abdampfungsgas bereitzustellen, die eine erhöhte Anlagensicherheit bietet.The present invention has the object of providing a technique for preventing evaporation gas from being let out, which technique offers increased plant safety.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Treibstoffsystem gemäß Anspruch 1, ein Fahrzeug gemäß Anspruch 10, eine Anlage oder Maschine nach Anspruch 11 und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Figuren offenbart.The object is achieved by a fuel system according to claim 1, a vehicle according to claim 10, a system or machine according to claim 11 and a method according to claim 12. Preferred embodiments are disclosed in the subclaims, the description and the figures.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Treibstoffsystem ist für einen Flüssiggasantrieb (z.B. einen Flüssig-Erdgasantrieb) vorgesehen, insbesondere für einen Flüssiggasantrieb eines Fahrzeugs (beispielsweise eines Wasser- oder Landfahrzeugs), einer Anlage (beispielsweise einer verfahrenstechnischen Anlage oder Fertigungsanlage) oder einer Maschine. Es weist einen Flüssiggastank (zur Aufnahme von für den Antrieb vorgesehenem Flüssiggas, das beispielsweise Erdgas sein kann) und ein Kühlsystem auf. Letzteres umfasst einen Flüssigstickstofftank, einen Wärmetauscher, eine Stickstoffpumpe und einen Stickstoffkühler (zum Kühlen von hindurchgeleitetem Stickstoff). Flüssigstickstofftank, Wärmetauscher, Stickstoffpumpe und Stickstoffkühler sind dabei in einem Leitungskreislauf durch Leitungen miteinander verbunden, so dass also mittels der Stickstoffpumpe Stickstoff vom Flüssigstickstofftank nacheinander durch den Wärmetauscher und den Stickstoffkühler und wieder in den Flüssigstickstofftank zirkulieren kann.A fuel system according to the invention is intended for a liquid gas drive (e.g. a liquid natural gas drive), in particular for a liquid gas drive of a vehicle (e.g. a water or land vehicle), a plant (e.g. a process engineering plant or manufacturing plant) or a machine. It has a liquid gas tank (for holding liquid gas provided for the drive, which can be natural gas, for example) and a cooling system. The latter includes a liquid nitrogen tank, a heat exchanger, a nitrogen pump and a nitrogen cooler (for cooling nitrogen passed through). The liquid nitrogen tank, heat exchanger, nitrogen pump and nitrogen cooler are connected to one another in a line circuit by lines, so that nitrogen can circulate from the liquid nitrogen tank one after the other through the heat exchanger and the nitrogen cooler and back into the liquid nitrogen tank by means of the nitrogen pump.

Der Wärmetauscher ist dabei im Inneren des Flüssiggastanks angeordnet, so dass thermische Energie einer Flüssiggasabdampfung (also eines Gasanteils aus verdampftem Flüssiggas) im Flüssiggastank an durch den Wärmetauscher geleiteten Stickstoff abgegeben werden kann.The heat exchanger is arranged inside the liquid gas tank, so that thermal energy of liquid gas evaporation (i.e. a gas portion from evaporated liquid gas) in the liquid gas tank can be given off to nitrogen passed through the heat exchanger.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung des Wärmetauschers im Inneren des Flüssiggastanks erlaubt eine Kühlung des Flüssiggases bzw. einer Abdampfung des Flüssiggases, ohne dass dieses den Flüssiggastank verlässt. Leckageanfällige Anschlüsse und Leitungen für das Flüssiggas bzw. dessen Abdampfung können so vermieden werden, was den Vorteil einer erhöhten Anlagensicherheit bietet.The inventive arrangement of the heat exchanger in the interior of the liquid gas tank allows the liquid gas to be cooled or the liquid gas to be evaporated without it leaving the liquid gas tank. Leakage-prone connections and lines for the liquid gas or its evaporation can thus be avoided, which offers the advantage of increased plant safety.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Kühlsystems mit dem Leitungskreislauf und dem Stickstoffkühler erlaubt zudem eine Kühlung der Flüssiggasabdampfung in einem geschlossenen System ohne Stickstoffverlust. Auf ein regelmäßiges Nachfüllen von Stickstoff und damit eine kontinuierliche Bereitstellung von flüssigem Stickstoff kann somit verzichtet werden, was eine Reduktion an Aufwand bei der Betankung des Schiffes bedeutet. Zudem kann auf diese Weise die auf der Fahrt mitzuführende Menge an Kühlflüssigkeit (Stickstoff) und damit die aufzubringende Transportenergie vermindert werden.The design of the cooling system according to the invention with the line circuit and the nitrogen cooler also allows the liquid gas evaporation to be cooled in a closed system without loss of nitrogen. Regular refilling of nitrogen and thus a continuous supply of liquid nitrogen can thus be dispensed with, which means a reduction in the cost of refueling the ship. In addition, the amount of cooling liquid (nitrogen) to be carried on the journey and thus the transport energy to be applied can be reduced in this way.

Der Flüssigstickstofftank, der Stickstoffkühler und/oder die Stickstoffpumpe sind/ist vorzugsweise außerhalb des Flüssiggastanks angeordnet.The liquid nitrogen tank, the nitrogen cooler and / or the nitrogen pump are / is preferably arranged outside the liquid gas tank.

Der Leitungskreislauf kann eine Umgehungsleitung für die Stickstoffpumpe aufweisen, wobei die Umgehungsleitung vorzugsweise ein Ventil umfasst. So kann das Kühlsystem im Fall eines Defekts der Stickstoffpumpe (beispielsweise druckgesteuert) weiter betrieben werden.The line circuit can have a bypass line for the nitrogen pump, the bypass line preferably comprising a valve. In this way, the cooling system can continue to operate in the event of a defect in the nitrogen pump (e.g. pressure-controlled).

Der Stickstoffkühler ist vorzugsweise in einer vorgesehenen Pumprichtung (also einer vorgesehenen Strömungsrichtung für den Stickstoff) hinter dem Wärmetauscher angeordnet und dazu eingerichtet, den im Wärmetauscher (im Flüssiggastank) durch die Flüssiggasabdampfung aufgewärmten Stickstoff wieder abzukühlen.The nitrogen cooler is preferably arranged in an intended pumping direction (i.e. an intended flow direction for the nitrogen) behind the heat exchanger and is set up to cool down the nitrogen warmed up in the heat exchanger (in the liquid gas tank) by the liquid gas evaporation.

Der Stickstoffkühler kann insbesondere dazu eingerichtet sein, elektrisch betrieben zu werden. Das Treibstoffsystem kann dazu einen Stromgenerator umfassen, der den Strom für den Stickstoffkühler bereitstellt. Ein solcher Stromgenerator, der bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug oder einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage beispielsweise im Tankraum angeordnet sein kann, kann insbesondere dazu eingerichtet sein, mit dem Flüssiggas betrieben zu werden, so dass dann also die Kühlleistung aus dem Flüssiggas selbst gewonnen wird. (Im idealen, verlustfreien System würde die für die Kühlung benötigte Energie der Energie des Abdampfungsgases entsprechen.)The nitrogen cooler can in particular be set up to be operated electrically. For this purpose, the fuel system can comprise an electricity generator which provides the electricity for the nitrogen cooler. Such a power generator, which in a vehicle according to the invention or a system according to the invention can be arranged, for example, in the tank room, can in particular be set up to be operated with the liquid gas, so that the cooling power is then obtained from the liquid gas itself. (In the ideal, loss-free system, the energy required for cooling would correspond to the energy of the evaporation gas.)

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug (das insbesondere ein Wasserfahrzeug oder ein Landfahrzeug sein kann) weist einen Flüssiggasantrieb sowie - zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Antriebsgas - ein erfindungsgemäßes Treibstoffsystem gemäß einer der in dieser Schrift offenbarten Ausführungsformen auf.A vehicle according to the invention (which can in particular be a watercraft or a land vehicle) has a liquid gas drive and - for providing liquid propulsion gas - a fuel system according to the invention according to one of the embodiments disclosed in this document.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage (die z.B. beispielsweise eine verfahrenstechnische Anlage oder eine Fertigungsanlage sein kann) bzw. eine erfindungsgemäße Maschine weist analog einen Flüssiggasantrieb sowie - zur Bereitstellung von flüssigem Antriebsgas - ein erfindungsgemäßes Treibstoffsystem gemäß einer der in dieser Schrift offenbarten Ausführungsformen auf.A system according to the invention (which can be, for example, a process engineering system or a production system) or a machine according to the invention analogously has a liquid gas drive and - to provide liquid drive gas - a fuel system according to the invention according to one of the embodiments disclosed in this document.

Der Flüssiggasantrieb kann jeweils insbesondere ein Flüssigerdgasantrieb sein.The liquefied gas drive can in particular be a liquefied natural gas drive.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung weist das Kühlsystem eines erfindungsgemäßen Treibstoffsystems einen Auslass für im Wärmetauscher erwärmten Stickstoff auf. Der Auslass, an den der Wärmetauscher vorzugsweise durch eine den Stickstoffkühler umgehende Leitung angeschlossen ist, kann dabei (beispielsweise druckabhängig, z.B. mittels eines Überdruckventils) geschlossen und geöffnet werden.According to an advantageous development, the cooling system of a fuel system according to the invention has an outlet for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger. The outlet, to which the heat exchanger is preferably connected by a line bypassing the nitrogen cooler, can be closed and opened (for example, depending on the pressure, e.g. by means of a pressure relief valve).

Insbesondere ermöglicht ein solcher Auslass einen optionalen Betrieb des Kühlsystems (z.B. bei einem Ausfall des Stickstoffkühlers oder der Pumpe) als offenes System, in dem der Stickstoff, nachdem er Wärme der Flüssiggasabdampfung aufgenommen hat, nicht durch den Stickstoffkühler geleitet und wieder abgekühlt, sondern über eine Leitung direkt durch den Auslass abgeführt wird. Der Stickstoff wird in diesem Falle also gasförmig in die Umwelt abgeblasen. Je nach Größe des Stickstoffvorrats im Flüssigstickstofftank kann das System dann noch eine gewisse Zeit (z.B. in der Größenordnung von mehreren Tagen) betrieben werden. In diesem Zeitraum sollte entweder eine Reparatur des Kühlsystems bzw. der defekten Komponente(n) oder eine entsprechende Gefahrensicherung erfolgen.In particular, such an outlet enables optional operation of the cooling system (e.g. in the event of failure of the nitrogen cooler or the pump) as an open system in which the nitrogen, after it has absorbed heat from the liquefied gas evaporation, is not passed through the nitrogen cooler and cooled down again, but via a Line is discharged directly through the outlet. In this case, the nitrogen is released into the environment in gaseous form. Depending on the size of the nitrogen supply in the liquid nitrogen tank, the system can then be operated for a certain time (e.g. on the order of several days). During this period, either the cooling system or the defective component (s) should be repaired or an appropriate safety device should be implemented.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst das Kühlsystem zudem ein Stickstoff-Druckgasreservoir, das über eine Leitung (die ein vorzugsweise steuerbares Ventil umfassen kann) an den Flüssigstickstofftank angeschlossen ist. Dies erlaubt die Steuerung eines Betriebsdrucks im Flüssigstickstofftank: Mit dem Betriebsdruck ändert sich dann auch die Verdampfungstemperatur des verdampfenden Stickstoffs. Das System erlaubt daher über den Druck eine Steuerung der Verdampfungsenergie und damit der Kühlleistung des Wärmetauschers.According to an advantageous embodiment, the cooling system also comprises a nitrogen pressurized gas reservoir, which is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank via a line (which can preferably comprise a controllable valve). This allows an operating pressure to be controlled in the liquid nitrogen tank: the temperature of the evaporating nitrogen also changes with the operating pressure. The system therefore allows the evaporation energy and thus the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger to be controlled via the pressure.

Zur Begrenzung eines Maximaldrucks im Leitungskreislauf (insbesondere im Flüssigstickstofftank) weist das Kühlsystem vorzugsweise einen Überdruckauslass auf. Durch diesen kann dann druckabhängig Stickstoff aus dem Kühlsystem abgelassen werden.To limit a maximum pressure in the line circuit (in particular in the liquid nitrogen tank), the cooling system preferably has an overpressure outlet. Through this pressure-dependent nitrogen can then be released from the cooling system.

In für den Betriebszustand vorgesehener Ausrichtung des Flüssiggastanks ist der Wärmetauscher vorzugsweise in einem Gasraum des Flüssiggastanks angeordnet, also oberhalb eines Flüssigkeitsspiegels (bzw. eines vorgesehenen maximalen Füllstandes) des Flüssiggases. Insbesondere kann der Wärmetauscher bei einer derartigen Ausrichtung des Flüssiggastanks vorzugsweise in einem obersten Viertel oder sogar obersten Sechstel eines Innenraums des Flüssiggastanks angeordnet sein.In the alignment of the liquid gas tank provided for the operating state, the heat exchanger is preferably arranged in a gas space of the liquid gas tank, that is to say above a liquid level (or an intended maximum fill level) of the liquid gas. In particular, with such an alignment of the liquid gas tank, the heat exchanger can preferably be arranged in an uppermost quarter or even uppermost sixth of an interior space of the liquid gas tank.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist der Wärmetauscher eine Mehrzahl an Kühlrohren zum Hindurchleiten von Stickstoff (aus dem Leitungskreislauf) auf. Vorzugsweise weisen die mehreren Kühlrohre eine gemeinsame Zu- und/oder eine gemeinsame Ableitung auf, so dass sich ein durchgeleiteter Stickstoffstrom erst in den Kühlrohren teilt und (in seiner Strömungsrichtung) hinter den Kühlrohren wieder zusammengeführt wird.According to an advantageous embodiment, the heat exchanger has a plurality of cooling tubes for passing nitrogen through (from the line circuit). The plurality of cooling tubes preferably have a common inlet and / or a common discharge line, so that a nitrogen stream that is passed through only divides in the cooling tubes and is brought together again (in its flow direction) behind the cooling tubes.

Die Mehrzahl an Kühlrohren kann insbesondere mindestens zwei Kühlrohre umfassen, die mindestens abschnittsweise entlang einem jeweiligen Ring um eine gemeinsame zentrale Achse verlaufen. Die jeweiligen Ringe der zwei oder mehr Kühlrohre können dabei in Richtung der gemeinsamen zentralen Achse übereinander angeordnet sein und so mehrere Lagen ausbilden (und beispielsweise denselben Radius aufweisen). Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Mehrzahl mindestens zwei Kühlrohre umfassen, die mindestens abschnittsweise entlang einem jeweiligen Ring um eine gemeinsame zentrale Achse verlaufen, wobei die jeweiligen Ringe unterschiedliche Radien aufweisen und die Kühlrohre in einer gemeinsamen Lage angeordnet sind (so dass also mindestens ein Ring einen anderen Ring außen umläuft).The plurality of cooling tubes can in particular comprise at least two cooling tubes which run at least in sections along a respective ring around a common central axis. The respective rings of the two or more cooling tubes can be arranged one above the other in the direction of the common central axis and thus form several layers (and for example have the same radius). Alternatively or additionally, the plurality can comprise at least two cooling tubes which run at least in sections along a respective ring around a common central axis, the respective rings having different radii and the cooling tubes being arranged in a common position (so that at least one ring has another Ring runs around the outside).

In einer für den Betriebszustand vorgesehener Ausrichtung des Flüssiggastanks verläuft die gemeinsame zentrale Achse vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen vertikal.In an alignment of the liquid gas tank provided for the operating state, the common central axis preferably runs essentially vertically.

Vorzugsweise bildet die Mehrzahl an Kühlrohren mindestens einen Spalt aus, durch den Abdampfungsgas im Flüssiggastank zwischen mehreren der Kühlrohre hindurchströmen kann. Dadurch kann eine besonders wirkungsvolle Kühlung erreicht werden.The plurality of cooling tubes preferably forms at least one gap through which the evaporation gas in the liquefied gas tank is located several of the cooling tubes can flow through. This enables particularly effective cooling to be achieved.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung umfasst der Wärmetauscher mindestens ein Abtropfblech für am Wärmetauscher kondensierte Abdampfung des Flüssiggases. Das mindestens eine Abtropfblech kann insbesondere an einem - bezogen auf eine für den Betriebszustand vorgesehenen Ausrichtung des Flüssiggastanks - untersten Kühlrohr des Wärmetauschers angeordnet sein. Insbesondere kann es dem Verlauf mindestens eines der Kühlrohre (z.B. einem untersten) folgen, beispielsweise mindestens abschnittweise ringartig ausgebildet sein.According to an advantageous development, the heat exchanger comprises at least one drip tray for evaporation of the liquid gas condensed on the heat exchanger. The at least one drip tray can in particular be arranged on a lowermost cooling pipe of the heat exchanger - based on an alignment of the liquid gas tank provided for the operating state. In particular, it can follow the course of at least one of the cooling tubes (e.g. a lowermost one), for example be designed in a ring-like manner at least in sections.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist ein erfindungsgemäßes Treibstoffsystem mindestens ein Abzugssystem mit einem Kamin auf, wobei der Flüssiggastank über mindestens eine Leitung mit dem Abzugssystem verbunden ist. Die Leitung kann dabei ein Überdruckventil umfassen. So kann ein Überschreiten des maximalen Tankdrucks im Flüssiggastank verhindert werden, indem (insbesondere in einem Fehlerfall) Abdampfungsgas aus dem Flüssiggastank durch das Abzugssystem abgelassen werden kann.According to a preferred embodiment, a fuel system according to the invention has at least one extraction system with a chimney, the liquid gas tank being connected to the extraction system via at least one line. The line can include a pressure relief valve. Exceeding the maximum tank pressure in the liquefied gas tank can thus be prevented in that (in particular in the event of a fault) evaporation gas can be discharged from the liquefied gas tank through the extraction system.

Das Kühlsystem kann (über eine entsprechende Leitung) ebenfalls mit dem Abzugssystem verbunden sein. Insbesondere können/kann der oben genannte Auslass für im Wärmetauscher erwärmten Stickstoff und/oder der Überdruckauslass (für Stickstoff) in das Abzugssystem für den Flüssiggastank führen oder in einen (ggf. jeweiligen oder gemeinsamen) separaten Abzug.The cooling system can also be connected to the extraction system (via a corresponding line). In particular, the above-mentioned outlet for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger and / or the overpressure outlet (for nitrogen) can lead into the extraction system for the liquefied gas tank or into a (possibly respective or common) separate extraction.

Analog kann ein Flüssiggasantrieb eines erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs bzw. einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage oder Maschine einen eigenen Abzug aufweisen oder an das genannte Abzugssystem für den Flüssiggastank angeschlossen sein.Analogously, a liquefied gas drive of a vehicle according to the invention or a system or machine according to the invention can have its own vent or be connected to the said vent system for the liquefied gas tank.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Abzugssystem mindestens einen Brenner zum gezielten Abfackeln von ausgeleitetem Gas (das insbesondere Abdampfungsgas aus dem Flüssiggastank oder - im Falle eines entsprechenden Anschlusses - zum Betrieb des Antriebssystems gebrauchtes Gas sein kann). In einer für den Betriebszustand vorgesehenen Ausrichtung des Abzugssystems ist der Brenner vorzugsweise in einem oberen Drittel, bevorzugter in einem oberen Achtel oder sogar einem oberen Zehntel des Kamins angeordnet.According to a preferred embodiment, the exhaust system has at least one burner for the targeted flaring of discharged gas (which in particular can be evaporation gas from the liquid gas tank or - in the case of a corresponding connection - gas used to operate the drive system). In one for the Orientation of the extraction system provided in the operating state, the burner is preferably arranged in an upper third, more preferably in an upper eighth or even an upper tenth of the chimney.

Zur Vermeidung eines Rückschlags von brennendem Gas in den Flüssiggastank weist das Abzugssystem vorzugsweise eine Deflagrationssicherung auf. Sie verhindert die explosionsartige Ausbreitung von Flammen zurück in den Flüssiggastank.In order to avoid a flashback of burning gas into the liquid gas tank, the extraction system preferably has a deflagration protection. It prevents the explosive spread of flames back into the liquid gas tank.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist ein erfindungsgemäßes Treibstoffsystem ein Abzugssystem und zudem ein Stickstoff-Spülsystem zum Zuleiten von Stickstoff in das Abzugssystem auf. Das Stickstoff-Spülsystem kann dazu ein Stickstoffreservoir umfassen, beispielsweise mindestens eine Stickstoff-Druckgasflasche; das Stickstoffreservoir kann dabei ganz oder teilweise mit dem oben genannten Stickstoff-Druckgasreservoir des Kühlsystems übereinstimmen oder ein separates Stickstoffreservoir sein. Vorzugsweise weist das Stickstoff-Spülsystem mindestens ein Ventil und/oder mindestens einen Druckregler auf. Mit Hilfe des Stickstoff-Spülsystems kann im Falle, dass das Stickstoff-Kühlsystem versagt und in letzter Konsequenz brennbares Abdampfungsgas abgeblasen werden muss, dieses brennbare Gas mit Stickstoff versetzt bzw. verdünnt und damit in einer nicht brennbaren Konzentration abgelassen werden. Durch die Kombination von Kühlsystem, Stickstoff-Spülsystem und Abzugssystem kann somit eine Redundanz geschaffen werden, die den Ausfall eines Teils (z.B. einzelner Komponenten) des Treibstoffsystems kompensieren kann. So kann im Fehlerfall zumindest über einen begrenzten Zeitraum ein sicherer Betrieb gewährleistet werden, ohne dass das Abdampfungsgas in gefährlicher Konzentration in die Umgebung gelangt.According to an advantageous embodiment, a fuel system according to the invention has a take-off system and also a nitrogen flushing system for feeding nitrogen into the take-off system. For this purpose, the nitrogen flushing system can comprise a nitrogen reservoir, for example at least one nitrogen pressurized gas cylinder; the nitrogen reservoir can coincide entirely or partially with the above-mentioned nitrogen pressurized gas reservoir of the cooling system or it can be a separate nitrogen reservoir. The nitrogen flushing system preferably has at least one valve and / or at least one pressure regulator. With the aid of the nitrogen flushing system, in the event that the nitrogen cooling system fails and, in the final analysis, flammable evaporation gas has to be blown off, this flammable gas can be mixed with nitrogen or diluted and thus discharged in a non-flammable concentration. The combination of cooling system, nitrogen flushing system and extraction system can create redundancy that can compensate for the failure of a part (e.g. individual components) of the fuel system. In this way, in the event of a fault, safe operation can be guaranteed, at least for a limited period of time, without the evaporation gas escaping into the environment in dangerous concentrations.

Vorzugsweise weist ein erfindungsgemäßes Treibstoffsystem ein Bedrückungssystem für den Flüssiggastank auf, das einen (zur besseren Unterscheidbarkeit hier auch als "Verdampfungswärmetauscher" bezeichneten) weiteren Wärmetauscher zur Verdampfung von Flüssiggas aus dem Flüssiggastank sowie eine Leitung zur Einleitung von verdampftem Flüssiggas in den Flüssiggastank umfasst. Damit kann der Druck im Flüssiggastank gezielt erhöht werden.A fuel system according to the invention preferably has a pressure system for the liquefied gas tank, which has a further heat exchanger (also referred to here as "vaporization heat exchanger" for better differentiation) for vaporising liquefied gas from the liquefied gas tank and a line for introducing vaporized liquefied gas into the liquefied gas tank includes. This allows the pressure in the liquid gas tank to be increased in a targeted manner.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren dient dem Kühlen einer Abdampfung von Flüssiggas eines Flüssiggasantriebs. Das Flüssiggas (das insbesondere Flüssigerdgas sein kann) ist dabei in einem Flüssiggastank eines erfindungsgemäßen Treibstoffsystems gemäß einer der in dieser Schrift offenbarten Ausführungsformen angeordnet, und das Verfahren umfasst ein Durchleiten von Stickstoff durch den im Flüssiggastank befindlichen Wärmetauscher.A method according to the invention is used to cool an evaporation of liquid gas from a liquid gas drive. The liquefied gas (which can in particular be liquefied natural gas) is arranged in a liquefied gas tank of a fuel system according to the invention according to one of the embodiments disclosed in this document, and the method comprises passing nitrogen through the heat exchanger located in the liquefied gas tank.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist das Treibstoffsystem mit dem oben genannten verschließbaren bzw. zu öffnenden Auslass für im Wärmetauscher erwärmten Stickstoff ausgebildet. Das Verfahren kann dann in einer ersten Phase ein Durchleiten von Stickstoff durch den Leitungskreislauf des Kühlsystems bei geschlossenem Auslass umfassen sowie in einer zweiten Phase (beispielsweise nach Ausfall der Pumpe oder des Stickstoffkühlers) ein Durchleiten von Stickstoff vom Flüssigstickstofftank durch den Wärmetauscher und zum (geöffneten) Auslass, vorzugsweise unter Umgehung des Stickstoffkühlers. Ein Öffnen des Auslasses kann insbesondere nach Auftreten eines Fehlers druckgesteuert, z.B. mittels eines Überdruckventils erfolgen.According to a further development of a method according to the invention, the fuel system is designed with the above-mentioned closable or openable outlet for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger. In a first phase, the method can then include passing nitrogen through the line circuit of the cooling system with the outlet closed, and in a second phase (for example after failure of the pump or the nitrogen cooler) passing nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen tank through the heat exchanger and to the (open) Outlet, preferably bypassing the nitrogen cooler. The outlet can be opened in a pressure-controlled manner, for example by means of a pressure relief valve, in particular after an error has occurred.

Analog kann das Treibstoffsystem einen Überdruckauslass zur Begrenzung eines Maximaldrucks im Leitungskreislauf das Treibstoffsystem aufweisen und das Verfahren in der zweiten Phase ein Ablassen von Stickstoff durch den Überdruckauslass umfassen.Analogously, the fuel system can have an overpressure outlet for limiting a maximum pressure in the line circuit, the fuel system and the method in the second phase comprise a discharge of nitrogen through the overpressure outlet.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst das Treibstoffsystem wie oben erwähnt ein Abzugssystem und ein Stickstoff-Spülsystem. Das Verfahren umfasst in dieser Variante während eines ersten Zeitraums ein Kühlen von Abdampfungsgas mittels des Kühlsystems sowie während eines zweiten Zeitraums (beispielsweise nach einem Ausfall des Kühlsystems) ein Ausleiten von Abdampfungsgas durch das Abzugssystem. Im Fall, dass das Abzugssystem einen Brenner umfasst, kann das Verfahren ein Abfackeln des Abdampfungsgases während des zweiten Zeitraums umfassen.According to an advantageous embodiment of a method according to the invention, the fuel system comprises, as mentioned above, an extraction system and a nitrogen flushing system. In this variant, the method comprises cooling evaporation gas by means of the cooling system during a first period and during a second period (for example after a failure of the cooling system) evaporation gas is discharged through the extraction system. In the event that the exhaust system comprises a burner, the method can be a Include flaring the exhaust gas during the second period.

Im vorteilhaften Fall, dass das Treibstoffsystem neben dem Abzugssystem ein Stickstoff-Spülsystem aufweist, kann das Verfahren ein Verdünnen des Abdampfungsgases im Abzugssystem auf nichtbrennbare Konzentration durch Zuleiten von Stickstoff aus dem Stickstoff-Spülsystem in das Abzugssystem umfassen.In the advantageous case that the fuel system has a nitrogen flushing system in addition to the extraction system, the method can include diluting the evaporation gas in the extraction system to a non-combustible concentration by feeding nitrogen from the nitrogen flushing system into the extraction system.

Im Folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es versteht sich, dass einzelne gezeigte Elemente und Komponenten nicht notwendig umfasst sind bzw. auch anders kombiniert werden können als dargestellt. Bezugszeichen für einander entsprechende Elemente sind figurenübergreifend verwendet und werden ggf. nicht für jede Figur neu beschrieben.In the following, preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to drawings. It goes without saying that individual elements and components shown are not necessarily included or can also be combined differently than shown. Reference symbols for elements that correspond to one another are used across the figures and may not be described anew for each figure.

Es zeigen schematisch:

Figur 1:
eine exemplarische Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Treibstoffsystems;
Figur 2a:
eine Ansicht eines Wärmetauschers einer Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Treibstoffsystems;
Figur 2b:
eine Ansicht des in der Figur 2a gezeigten Wärmetauschers aus einer anderen Perspektive; und
Figur 3:
einen Ausschnitt einer Schnittansicht eines Wärmetauschers einer Ausführungsvariante in Funktion.
They show schematically:
Figure 1:
an exemplary embodiment of a fuel system according to the invention;
Figure 2a:
a view of a heat exchanger of a variant embodiment of a fuel system according to the invention;
Figure 2b:
a view of the in the Figure 2a shown heat exchanger from a different perspective; and
Figure 3:
a detail of a sectional view of a heat exchanger of an embodiment variant in operation.

In Figur 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Treibstoffsystem 1 in einer exemplarischen Ausführungsform in einer für den Betriebszustand vorgesehenen Ausrichtung schematisch dargestellt. Das Treibstoffsystem 1, das in ein Fahrzeug (z.B. ein Wasser- oder Landfahrzeug), eine Anlage oder eine Maschine (jeweils) mit Flüssiggasantrieb eingebaut sein oder werden kann, umfasst ein Kühlsystem 10 und einen Tankraum 20 mit einem Flüssiggastank 21. Dieser ist dazu eingerichtet, über eine Leitung 22 mit einem (nicht gezeigten) Antriebssystem verbunden zu werden oder ist bereits damit verbunden.In Figure 1 a fuel system 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in an exemplary embodiment in an orientation provided for the operating state. The fuel system 1, which can be or can be installed in a vehicle (eg a watercraft or land vehicle), a system or a machine (each) with liquid gas drive, comprises a cooling system 10 and a tank space 20 with a liquid gas tank 21. This is set up for this purpose , via a line 22 with a (not shown) drive system or is already connected to it.

Das Kühlsystem 10 weist einen Flüssigstickstofftank 11, eine Stickstoffpumpe 12, einen Wärmetauscher 13 und einen Stickstoffkühler 14 auf, die in einem Leitungskreislauf miteinander verbunden sind. Über eine Leitung mit einem (vorzugsweise steuerbaren) Ventil ist der Flüssigstickstofftank 11 an ein Stickstoff-Druckgasreservoir 16 angeschlossen, das vorliegend als Stickstoff-Druckgasflasche ausgebildet ist. Mit Hilfe des Stickstoff-Druckgasreservoirs 16 kann ein Betriebsdruck im Flüssigstickstofftank 11 eingestellt werden, der die Kühlleistung des Wärmetauschers 13 bestimmt.The cooling system 10 has a liquid nitrogen tank 11, a nitrogen pump 12, a heat exchanger 13 and a nitrogen cooler 14, which are connected to one another in a line circuit. The liquid nitrogen tank 11 is connected via a line with a (preferably controllable) valve to a nitrogen pressurized gas reservoir 16, which in the present case is designed as a nitrogen pressurized gas cylinder. With the aid of the compressed nitrogen gas reservoir 16, an operating pressure can be set in the liquid nitrogen tank 11 which determines the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger 13.

Der Wärmetauscher 13 ist im Inneren des Flüssiggastanks 21 angeordnet, und zwar in einem oberen Bereich, oberhalb eines (nicht gezeigten) Flüssigkeitsspiegels des enthaltenen Flüssiggases, so dass eine Flüssiggasabdampfung den Wärmetauscher 13 umströmen und an ihm kondensieren kann.The heat exchanger 13 is arranged inside the liquid gas tank 21, specifically in an upper area above a liquid level (not shown) of the liquid gas contained, so that liquid gas evaporation can flow around the heat exchanger 13 and condense on it.

Die Stickstoffpumpe 12 ist dazu eingerichtet, Stickstoff im Leitungskreislauf zur Zirkulation zu bringen. Sie ist über eine ein Ventil umfassende Leitung 15 mit dem Flüssigstickstofftank 11 verbunden und kann (insbesondere im Falle eines Defekts der Stickstoffpumpe) vorliegend durch eine Leitung 17 mit Ventil umgangen werden.The nitrogen pump 12 is set up to bring nitrogen into circulation in the line circuit. It is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank 11 via a line 15 comprising a valve and can (in particular in the case of a defect in the nitrogen pump) in the present case be bypassed by a line 17 with a valve.

Der Stickstoffkühler 14 kann beispielsweise elektrisch zu betreiben sein, beispielsweise mittels eines (nicht dargestellten) Stromgenerators, der seinerseits mit Flüssiggas aus dem Flüssiggastank 21 betrieben werden kann.The nitrogen cooler 14 can, for example, be operated electrically, for example by means of a current generator (not shown), which in turn can be operated with liquid gas from the liquid gas tank 21.

Das dargestellte Treibstoffsystem 1 weist weiterhin ein vorliegend im Tankraum 20 angeordnetes Bedrückungssystem für den Flüssiggastank auf, das einen Verdampfungswärmetauscher 23 zur Verdampfung von Flüssiggas aus dem Flüssiggastank sowie eine Leitung 24 (mit einem Ventil) zur Einleitung von verdampftem Flüssiggas in den Flüssiggastank umfasst.The fuel system 1 shown also has a pressure system for the liquid gas tank, which is arranged in the tank space 20 and comprises an evaporation heat exchanger 23 for evaporating liquid gas from the liquid gas tank and a line 24 (with a valve) for introducing evaporated liquid gas into the liquid gas tank.

Über eine Leitung 25 mit einem Überdruckventil 26 ist der Flüssiggastank 21 mit einem Abzugssystem 30 verbunden. Bei Überschreitung eines vorgegebenen Maximaldrucks im Flüssiggastank 21 kann damit Abdampfungsgas in die Umgebung abgelassen werden, wie in der Zeichnung durch einen Pfeil angegeben ist.The liquid gas tank 21 is connected to an extraction system 30 via a line 25 with a pressure relief valve 26. When a predetermined maximum pressure in the liquid gas tank 21 is exceeded, evaporation gas can thus be released into the environment, as indicated in the drawing by an arrow.

Das Abzugssystem umfasst einen Kamin 31, in dessen oberem Achtel ein Brenner 32 zum gezielten Abfackeln von Abdampfungsgas angeordnet ist. Zwischen dem Flüssiggastank 21 und dem Brenner 32 ist im Kamin 31 eine Deflagrationssicherung 33 angeordnet, mit der ein Rückschlag von Flammen in den Flüssiggastank 21 verhindert werden soll.The exhaust system comprises a chimney 31, in the upper eighth of which a burner 32 is arranged for the targeted flaring of evaporation gas. A deflagration protection 33 is arranged in the chimney 31 between the liquid gas tank 21 and the burner 32, with which a flashback of flames into the liquid gas tank 21 is to be prevented.

Zudem umfasst das Treibstoffsystem 1 im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Stickstoff-Spülsystem 40 mit einem Stickstoffreservoir 41, das vorliegend eine Druckgasflasche umfasst und über eine Leitung 42 (die mindestens ein Ventil umfasst) mit dem Abzugssystem 30 verbunden ist. Durch die Leitung 42 kann so Stickstoff dem Abzugssystem, insbesondere dem Kamin 31 zugeführt und damit ggf. eingeleitetes Abdampfungsgas auf eine nicht brennbare Konzentration verdünnt werden. Das Stickstoff-Spülsystem bietet somit eine zusätzliche Sicherung des Treibstoffsystems.In addition, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the fuel system 1 comprises a nitrogen flushing system 40 with a nitrogen reservoir 41, which in the present case comprises a pressurized gas cylinder and is connected to the extraction system 30 via a line 42 (which comprises at least one valve). Through the line 42, nitrogen can thus be fed to the extraction system, in particular to the chimney 31, and any evaporation gas introduced can thus be diluted to a non-flammable concentration. The nitrogen flushing system thus offers an additional safeguard for the fuel system.

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst das Treibstoffsystem zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit mittels Redundanzen sowohl das Stickstoff-Spülsystem 40 als auch den Brenner 32; in alternativen Ausführungsvarianten ist keine oder lediglich dieser beiden Einheiten umfasst.In the present exemplary embodiment, the fuel system comprises both the nitrogen flushing system 40 and the burner 32 to increase safety by means of redundancies; in alternative design variants, none or only these two units are included.

Das Kühlsystem 10 umfasst einen Auslass 18 für im Wärmetauscher 13 erwärmten Stickstoff und einen Überdruckauslass 19 zur Begrenzung eines Maximaldrucks im Leitungskreislauf (insbesondere im Flüssigstickstofftank), die vorliegend beide als Überdruckventile ausgebildet sind und in den Kamin 31 des Abzugssystems 30 führen. Über den Auslass 18 kann das Treibstoffsystem 1 als offenes System unter Umgehung des Stickstoffkühlers 14 betrieben werden, beispielsweise bei einem Defekt des Stickstoffkühlers 14 oder der Pumpe 12 für eine Zeit bis zu einer Reparatur.The cooling system 10 comprises an outlet 18 for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger 13 and an overpressure outlet 19 for limiting a maximum pressure in the line circuit (in particular in the liquid nitrogen tank), both of which in the present case are designed as overpressure valves and lead into the chimney 31 of the exhaust system 30. The fuel system 1 can be operated via the outlet 18 as an open system, bypassing the nitrogen cooler 14, for example in the event of a defect in the nitrogen cooler 14 or the pump 12 for a time until a repair.

In den Figuren 2a und 2b ist in zwei verschiedenen Perspektiven ein exemplarischer Wärmetauscher 13 dargestellt, der in einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Treibstoffsystems 1 Anwendung findet: In für den Betriebszustand vorgesehener Ausrichtung des Flüssiggastanks zeigt Figur 2a den Wärmetauscher von oben, die Blickrichtung auf die Figur verläuft also vertikal, wohingegen die Figur 2b den Wärmetauscher 13 von der Seite, also mit horizontal verlaufender Blickrichtung auf die Figur zeigt.In the Figures 2a and 2b an exemplary heat exchanger 13 is shown in two different perspectives, which is used in an advantageous embodiment variant of a fuel system 1 according to the invention: shows in the alignment of the liquid gas tank provided for the operating state Figure 2a the heat exchanger from above, the direction of view of the figure is vertical, whereas the Figure 2b shows the heat exchanger 13 from the side, that is to say with a horizontal viewing direction towards the figure.

Der Wärmetauscher 13 weist eine Mehrzahl an Kühlrohren 131, 131', 131", 131a, 131b, ...,131n zum Hindurchleiten von Stickstoff auf, die entlang einem jeweiligen Ring um eine gemeinsame zentrale Achse A laufen, die in der Figur 2a in Blickrichtung verläuft und daher nur als Punkt zu sehen ist. Es versteht sich, dass die jeweils dargestellte Anzahl an Kühlrohren lediglich ein Beispiel darstellt.The heat exchanger 13 has a plurality of cooling tubes 131, 131 ', 131 ", 131a, 131b, ..., 131n for the passage of nitrogen, which run along a respective ring around a common central axis A, which in the Figure 2a runs in the direction of view and can therefore only be seen as a point. It goes without saying that the number of cooling tubes shown in each case is only an example.

Die jeweiligen Ringe der in der Figur 2a sichtbaren Kühlrohre weisen unterschiedliche Radien auf, das Kühlrohr 131 verläuft daher als Ring um das Kühlrohr 131' und dieses wiederum als Ring um das Kühlrohr 131". Die drei Kühlrohre 131, 131' und 131" sind dabei in einer gemeinsamen Lage angeordnet, also nicht entlang der zentralen Achse A gegeneinander versetzt. Zwischen den Kühlrohren 131, 131' und 131" sind (ebenfalls koaxial verlaufende) Spalte S ausgebildet, durch die Abdampfungsgas strömen kann.The respective rings of the Figure 2a visible cooling tubes have different radii, the cooling tube 131 therefore runs as a ring around the cooling tube 131 'and this in turn as a ring around the cooling tube 131 ". The three cooling tubes 131, 131' and 131" are arranged in a common position, ie not offset from one another along the central axis A. Gaps S (also running coaxially) through which evaporation gas can flow are formed between the cooling tubes 131, 131 'and 131 ".

Die in der Figur 2b gezeigten Kühlrohre 131, 131a, 131b, 131n und die nicht mit Bezugszeichen versehenen Kühlrohre sind hingegen in Richtung der zentralen Achse übereinander gestapelt und bilden so mehrere Lagen aus. Die jeweiligen Ringe weisen dabei vorliegend alle denselben Radius auf.The one in the Figure 2b On the other hand, the cooling tubes 131, 131a, 131b, 131n shown and the cooling tubes not provided with reference symbols are stacked one on top of the other in the direction of the central axis and thus form several layers. In the present case, the respective rings all have the same radius.

Die Kühlrohre 131, 131', 131", 131a, 131b, ..., 131n weisen eine gemeinsame Zuleitung 132 und eine gemeinsame Ableitung 133 auf, durch die Stickstoff ein- bzw. abgeleitet werden kann. In Bezug auf einen Stickstoffdurchfluss sind die Kühlrohre somit parallel geschaltet. In der Figur 2b ist die vorgesehene Durchflussrichtung für den Stickstoff durch Pfeile angegeben.The cooling tubes 131, 131 ', 131 ″, 131a, 131b,..., 131n have a common supply line 132 and a common discharge line 133 through which nitrogen can be introduced or discharged thus parallel switched. In the Figure 2b the intended flow direction for the nitrogen is indicated by arrows.

Am vorliegend untersten Kühlrohr 131n ist ein Abtropfblech 134 angeordnet, das dem Ringverlauf des Kühlrohrs 131n folgt und sich vertikal erstreckt. Am Abtropfblech 134 kann kondensiertes Abdampfungsgas abtropfen.A drip tray 134 is arranged on the present lowermost cooling pipe 131n, which follows the course of the ring of the cooling pipe 131n and extends vertically. Condensed evaporation gas can drip off on the drip tray 134.

Ein derartiges Abtropfen ist in der Figur 3 dargestellt, die einen Abschnitt des Wärmetauschers 13 in einer Schnittdarstellung und in Funktion zeigt: Wie durch Pfeile angegeben, strömt das Abdampfungsgas mit zunehmender Abkühlung von oben nach unten durch die Spalte S zwischen den gestapelten Kühlrohren hindurch, bis es im Bereich der untersten Kühlrohrlage (mit Kühlrohr 131n und bezogen auf die zentrale Achse weiter innen liegenden Kühlrohren) kondensiert ist. Die untersten Kühlrohre weisen jeweils ein ringartig ausgebildetes und sich vertikal erstreckendes Abtropfblech 134, 134', 134" auf, an dem die Flüssigkeitstropfen F aus dem kondensierten Abdampfungsgas nach unten fallen.Such dripping is in the Figure 3 which shows a section of the heat exchanger 13 in a sectional view and in function: As indicated by arrows, the evaporation gas flows with increasing cooling from top to bottom through the gap S between the stacked cooling tubes until it is in the area of the lowest cooling tube layer (with Cooling tube 131n and cooling tubes located further inside relative to the central axis) is condensed. The lowermost cooling tubes each have a ring-like and vertically extending drip tray 134, 134 ', 134 "on which the liquid droplets F fall down from the condensed evaporation gas.

Offenbart ist ein Treibstoffsystem 1 für einen Flüssiggasantrieb. Das Treibstoffsystem weist einen Flüssiggastank 21 und ein Kühlsystem 10 für eine Flüssiggasabdampfung auf, das einen Flüssigstickstofftank 11, eine Stickstoffpumpe 12, einen Wärmetauscher 13 und einen Stickstoffkühler 14 umfasst, die in einem Leitungskreislauf miteinander verbunden sind. Der Wärmetauscher 13 ist im Inneren des Flüssiggastanks 21 angeordnet.A fuel system 1 for a liquid gas drive is disclosed. The fuel system has a liquid gas tank 21 and a cooling system 10 for liquid gas evaporation, which comprises a liquid nitrogen tank 11, a nitrogen pump 12, a heat exchanger 13 and a nitrogen cooler 14, which are connected to one another in a line circuit. The heat exchanger 13 is arranged inside the liquid gas tank 21.

Offenbart sind ferner ein Fahrzeug, eine Anlage und eine Maschine jeweils mit einem Treibstoffsystem 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Kühlen einer Abdampfung von Flüssiggas eines Flüssiggasantriebs.A vehicle, a system and a machine, each with a fuel system 1, and a method for cooling an evaporation of liquid gas from a liquid gas drive are also disclosed.

BezugszeichenReference number

11
TreibstoffsystemFuel system
1010
KühlsystemCooling system
1111
FlüssigstickstofftankLiquid nitrogen tank
1212th
StickstoffpumpeNitrogen pump
1313th
WärmetauscherHeat exchanger
1414th
StickstoffkühlerNitrogen cooler
1515th
Leitungmanagement
1616
Stickstoff-DruckgasreservoirsPressurized nitrogen gas reservoirs
1717th
Leitungmanagement
1818th
Auslass für im Wärmetauscher 13 erwärmten StickstoffOutlet for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger 13
1919th
ÜberdruckauslassOverpressure outlet
2020th
TankraumTank room
2121
FlüssiggastankLiquid gas tank
2222nd
Leitung zu einem (nicht gezeigten) AntriebssystemLine to a drive system (not shown)
2323
VerdampfungswärmetauscherEvaporative heat exchanger
2424
Leitungmanagement
2525th
Leitungmanagement
2626th
ÜberdruckventilPressure relief valve
3030th
AbzugssystemTrigger system
3131
Kaminchimney
3232
Brennerburner
3333
DeflagrationssicherungDeflagration protection
4040
Stickstoff-SpülsystemNitrogen purge system
4141
StickstoffreservoirNitrogen reservoir
4242
Leitungmanagement
131, 131', 131'', 131a, 131b, ...,131n131, 131 ', 131 ", 131a, 131b, ..., 131n
KühlrohrCooling pipe
132132
ZuleitungSupply line
133133
AbleitungDerivation
134, 134', 134''134, 134 ', 134' '
AbtropfblechDrip tray
AA.
zentrale Achsecentral axis
FF.
FlüssigkeitstropfenLiquid drop
SS.
Spaltgap

Claims (14)

  1. Fuel system (1) for a liquified gas drive, wherein the fuel system has a liquified gas tank (21) and a cooling system (10) having a liquid nitrogen tank (11) and a heat exchanger (13) arranged in the interior of the liquified gas tank (21)
    characterized in that
    the cooling system additionally comprises a nitrogen pump (12) and a nitrogen cooler (14) which are connected to the liquid nitrogen tank (11) and to the heat exchanger (13) in a conduit circuit.
  2. Fuel system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger has a plurality of cooling pipes (131, 131', 131", 131a, 131b, 131n) for the passage of the nitrogen.
  3. Fuel system according to claim 2, wherein the plurality comprises at least two cooling pipes (131, 131', 131", 131a, 131b, 131n) which run at least in sections along a respective ring about a common central axis (A).
  4. Fuel system according to one of the preceding claims, which additionally has at least one exhaust system (30) with a flue (31), to which exhaust gas system the liquid gas tank (21) is connected via at least one conduit (25).
  5. Fuel system according to claim 4, wherein the at least one exhaust system (30) comprises at least one burner (32) for flaring off discharged gas.
  6. Fuel system according to one of claims 4 or 5, which comprises a nitrogen purge system (40) for feeding nitrogen into the exhaust system (30).
  7. Fuel system according to one of the preceding claims, which additionally comprises a pressurization system for the liquid gas tank (21), which comprises an evaporation heat exchanger (23) for evaporating liquid gas from the liquid gas tank and a conduit (24) for introducing vaporized liquid gas into the liquid gas tank (21).
  8. Fuel system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cooling system (10) has a closable or openable outlet (18) for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger (13) and/or a pressure-relief outlet (19) for limiting a maximum pressure in the conduit circuit.
  9. Fuel system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cooling system (10) comprises a nitrogen compressed gas reservoir (16) which is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank (11) via a conduit.
  10. Vehicle, in particular watercraft, having a liquid gas drive which has a fuel system (1) according to one of the preceding claims for providing liquid drive gas.
  11. Installation or machine having a liquid gas drive, wherein the installation or the machine has a fuel system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9 for providing liquid drive gas.
  12. Method for cooling an evaporation of liquid gas of a liquid gas drive, wherein the liquid gas is arranged in a liquid gas tank of a fuel system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, and wherein the method comprises passing nitrogen through the heat exchanger (13) located in the liquid gas tank (21).
  13. Method according to claim 12, wherein the fuel system is designed according to claim 8 and, in a first phase, the method comprises passing nitrogen through the conduit circuit of the cooling system (10) with outlet (18) or pressure relief outlet (19) closed and, in a second phase, a discharge of nitrogen through the outlet (18) for nitrogen heated in the heat exchanger or through the pressure relief outlet (19).
  14. Method according to one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the fuel system is designed according to claim 4, and wherein the method comprises a cooling of evaporated gas by means of the cooling system during a first period of time and a discharge of evaporated gas through the exhaust system (30) during a second period of time.
EP18184482.0A 2017-08-18 2018-07-19 Cooling of an exhaust system of liquefied gas for driving of machines, installations or vehicles Active EP3444520B1 (en)

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DE102017118951.3A DE102017118951B4 (en) 2017-08-18 2017-08-18 Cooling of an evaporation of liquefied petroleum gas to drive machines, plants or vehicles

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KR20190019832A (en) 2019-02-27
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DE102017118951B4 (en) 2019-11-14
US20190054992A1 (en) 2019-02-21
US10850825B2 (en) 2020-12-01
DE102017118951A1 (en) 2019-02-21
KR102576906B1 (en) 2023-09-08
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JP2019035502A (en) 2019-03-07
CN109404720B (en) 2022-04-12

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