EP1846691B1 - Method and device for filling pressure vessels with non-liquefied gases or gas mixtures - Google Patents

Method and device for filling pressure vessels with non-liquefied gases or gas mixtures Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1846691B1
EP1846691B1 EP06707704A EP06707704A EP1846691B1 EP 1846691 B1 EP1846691 B1 EP 1846691B1 EP 06707704 A EP06707704 A EP 06707704A EP 06707704 A EP06707704 A EP 06707704A EP 1846691 B1 EP1846691 B1 EP 1846691B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
filling gas
filling
pressure
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06707704A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1846691A1 (en
Inventor
Herrmann Grabhorn
Friedhelm Herzog
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer Group GmbH
Original Assignee
Messer Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer Group GmbH filed Critical Messer Group GmbH
Publication of EP1846691A1 publication Critical patent/EP1846691A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1846691B1 publication Critical patent/EP1846691B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0121—Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/025—Mixing fluids different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0181—Airbags

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for filling pressure vessels with cold gas or gas mixture in which a filling gas or a component of Medgasgemisches stored in a reservoir at low temperatures in the liquefied state and fed to a pressure vessel for filling in the cold, gaseous state and by heating the gas pressure is built up in the pressure vessel.
  • compressors have mainly been used for pressure storage of gases, which allow an operating pressure in the pressure vessel of about 200 bar.
  • the compressors are very complex in construction and operation, also lead newer applications, such as applications in fuel cell technology or gas generators for airbags, the need for much higher pressures of 700 bar or more.
  • Such pressures can not be realized with conventional compression technology or only with unacceptably high costs.
  • the known methods have the disadvantage that the filling process can lead to condensation or freezing of the filling gas or a filling gas component. While the condensation in the interior of the pressure vessel to be filled is usually unproblematic or even intentional, a freezing of the gas in the supply lines to the pressure vessel can lead to closure of the supply line.
  • the filling gas stored in the liquid state can be vaporized and heated by means of a heat exchanger before it is fed to the pressure vessel.
  • the disadvantage of this is that the temperature of the vaporized filler gas is difficult to control, which leads to a deterioration of the filling result.
  • the document DE 101 19 214 describes a method for filling Drochbehdiltrous.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a way to fill pressure vessels with cold, non-liquefied gas, in which a condensation or freezing of the filling gas or a Brownkomponente is reliably avoided.
  • the vaporized filling gas is thus cooled by the heat exchange with the still liquid filling gas and then fed to the pressure vessel to be filled.
  • the filling gas is at least as much energy supplied as it corresponds to its enthalpy of vaporization.
  • this evaporation enthalpy can no longer be removed from it.
  • the temperature of the vaporized filling gas approaches the temperature of the still liquid filling gas, without the vaporized filling gas condenses again.
  • the degree of convergence of the temperatures of the vaporized filling gas to the still liquid filling gas depends inter alia on the structure of the heat exchanger, the heating power used for heating the gas and the flow rate.
  • the temperatures are the same and the energy contents of the evaporated or still liquid filling gas differ only by the enthalpy of vaporization. It does not matter how the amount of energy corresponding to the evaporation enthalpy is supplied to the filling gas.
  • a thermal contact with another medium, either fluidly separated on heat exchanger surfaces or without material separation, such as by mixing, is considered as well as an active heating, for example by an electric or other heating device, or a combination of different heaters.
  • the heating power and / or the flow rate of the filling gas through the heat exchanger for heating the filling gas as a function of the temperature of the filling gas. This keeps the heating costs as low as possible.
  • the temperature used as a control variable can be detected in the heat exchanger, in a connecting line between the thermally interconnected sections of the heat exchanger or in a filling line, downstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the proportion of still liquid gas can be measured at the filling gas and taken as an output for adjusting the heating power.
  • the measurement of the liquid fraction is preferably carried out in the region of the outlet of the first section of the heat exchanger.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the filling gas is expanded before it is fed to the pressure vessel. Due to the boiling point depression occurring during the expansion, it is thus avoided that condensation of the filling gas occurs due to a sudden pressure fluctuation in the lines.
  • a particularly advantageous variant for the vaporization of the filling gas is to heat the filling gas leaving the heat exchanger to be evaporated by admixing a warmer additional gas of the same or a different composition.
  • the energy required for evaporation receives the filling gas from the admixed additional gas.
  • a heat exchanger is provided with thermally interconnected sections between reservoir and pressure vessel wherein a first portion of the heat exchanger via a Bashamzutechnisch with the reservoir and a second portion via a Bashamabtechnisch with the filling device is flow-connected and between the first and the second portion is a connecting line, and means for heating the filling gas is provided.
  • the filling gas or the filling gas component thus first passes through the first section of a heat exchanger and is at least partially evaporated by the thermal contact with the vaporized filling gas from the second section of the heat exchanger.
  • the device for heating the filling gas which may be arranged within the first section of the heat exchanger or in the connecting line between the two sections of the heat exchanger, causes the supply of energy to the filling gas, which corresponds at least to the enthalpy of vaporization.
  • the temperature of the vaporized filling gas is approximated to the temperature of the still liquid filling gas.
  • a controllable heating device is provided as means for heating the filling gas, which is data-connected with sensors for detecting physical parameters of the filling gas, such as temperature or pressure.
  • An expedient embodiment of the device provides that in the connecting line and / or in the Gregasab endeavor a pressure stage is arranged.
  • the pressure stage which is, for example, a pressure reducer or a controllable throttle valve, ensures the maintenance of the gaseous state of the downstream of the pressure stage filling gas also in the case of pressure fluctuations in the Medgaszutechnisch to be filled pressure vessel due to the lowered due to the relaxation boiling point.
  • the pressure stage and the heating power of the filling gas can be set to a value which is lower than the enthalpy of vaporization, provided that the requirement is satisfied that the filling gas is present at the reduced pressure and the energy supplied to it in the gaseous state.
  • the connecting line is flow-connected to a gas supply line, by means of which an additional gas can be fed into the connecting line.
  • an additional gas can be fed into the connecting line.
  • the additional gas can also be used to heat the filling gas.
  • the device 1 shown schematically in the drawing (Fig.) Serves to fill pressure vessels 2 in a filling device 3 with a filling gas mixture.
  • the filling device 3 itself is a device known per se, as it is known, for example, in the WO 02/066884 is described.
  • the components of the filling gas mixture - in the embodiment argon (Ar) and helium (He) - are stored in storage containers 4,5. While in the reservoir 5 helium is stored under pressure in the gaseous state at temperatures of, for example, 20 ° C, the argon is in the reservoir 4 in the cryogenic, liquefied state.
  • the storage containers 4, 5 are commercially available containers for the storage of gases, which in a known manner are not shown here with fittings, such as shut-off valves, pressure relief valves, pressure reducers and the like. are equipped dergl.
  • the reservoir 4 is fluidly connected via a thermally insulated Medgaszu Arthur 6 with a heat exchanger 7.
  • the heat exchanger 7 comprises two fluidically separated sections, here referred to as primary section 8 and secondary section 9, which are thermally connected to each other via a heat exchanger surface 10. While the primary section 8 of the heat exchanger 7 is fluidly connected to the Golfgaszu effet 6, the secondary section 9 is connected via a likewise thermally insulated Greengasab réelle 12 with the filling device 3 and thus the pressure vessels 2 to be filled.
  • the primary section 8 of the heat exchanger 7 has an output which is flow-connected via a connecting line 13 to an input of the secondary section 9. At or in the connecting line 18, the devices described below are provided.
  • an electric heater 15 is arranged in the connecting line 13 for heating the filling gas.
  • the heating device 15 is provided with a measuring and control device 14, by means of which the heat output delivered to the filling gas is regulated as a function of the temperature of the filling gas.
  • the temperature of the filling gas used as a controlled variable is measured by means of a sensor 16 in a section of the connecting line 13 located downstream of the heating device 15.
  • an arrangement 17 is provided in the embodiment for reducing pressure, by means of which the pressure of the filling gas can be lowered by a predetermined value.
  • the arrangement 17 may be, for example, a pressure reducer or a controllable throttle valve. Downstream of the arrangement 17 opens into the connecting line 13 at a junction 18, a gas supply 19, which is connected to the reservoir 5 for a further filling gas component, helium in the embodiment, flow-connected. In the gas supply line 19, an arrangement 20 is also provided for reducing pressure. Furthermore, 16 shut-off valves 22,23 are arranged in the connecting line 13 and the gas supply line.
  • the device 1 When operating the device 1 is provided as a filling gas liquefied argon from the reservoir 4 via the Gearzutechnisch 6 the primary section 8 of the
  • Heat exchanger 7 supplied. There takes place due to the thermal contact with the secondary portion 9 of the heat exchanger 7, an at least partial evaporation of the filling gas. Following this, the filling gas is supplied to the heating device 15, which supplies the filling gas with an energy which corresponds at least to the enthalpy of evaporation, ie, at the latest downstream of the heating device 15, the filling gas is completely vaporized. Via the connecting line 13, the vaporized filling gas is passed into the secondary section 9 of the heat exchanger 7 and reaches there on the heat exchanger surface 10 in thermal contact with the still liquid filling gas in the primary section 8 of the heat exchanger 7.
  • the gaseous filling gas cools in the Ideally down to the temperature of the still liquid filling gas, but can not condense due to the temperature and pressure conditions itself.
  • the filling gas is thus in a very cold, but gaseous state.
  • the filling gas is supplied to the pressure vessels 2 via the isolated Golfgasab réelle 12 for filling.
  • a provided in the Artgasabtechnisch 12 pressure buffer 22 serves to dampen possible pressure fluctuations in the Gregasabtechnisch 12, which may arise during the filling of the pressure vessel 2, and to even out the filling process.
  • the filling gas in the pressure vessels 2 gradually heats up to ambient temperature and increases its pressure considerably.
  • the pressure vessels 2 to be filled - in turn cooled - for example with liquid nitrogen and thus condenses the gas inside the pressure vessel 2 during filling pressures can be achieved after closing the pressure vessel 2 and its subsequent heating to ambient temperature, the input pressure by several hundred times exceed. Even for maximum pressures designed pressure vessel can be filled with gas, the pressure during the filling in the range of atmospheric pressure or only a few bar (10 5 Pa).
  • an additional filling gas component - in the example helium - is fed from the reservoir 5 via the gas supply line 19 into the connecting line 13 and mixes there with the vaporized filling gas - in the example argon.
  • the energy necessary for the evaporation is then transferred to the filling gas in whole or in part from the additional filling gas component.
  • the filling gas mixture then passes into the secondary section 9 of the heat exchanger 7, where it is cooled as described above and passed to the filling device 3.
  • the boiling point of the additional filling gas component stored in the storage container 5 should be lower than that of the filling gas stored in the storage container 4. If this is not the case, it must be ensured that the cooling of the filling gas mixture in the heat exchanger 7 does not result in the condensation of the additional filling gas component. This is achieved in that in this case the system, for example by means of the heater 15, a correspondingly higher energy is supplied, which prevents the condensation of the additional filling gas component.
  • the additional filling gas component or further filling gas components can, in the context of the invention, also be added to the filling gas at another point (not shown here), in particular downstream of the secondary section 9 of the heat exchanger 7.
  • the pressure of the filling gas in the connecting line to the arrangement 17 is reduced. Due to the boiling point reduction associated with the pressure drop, it is ensured that condensation is always reliably prevented even in the case of pressure fluctuations in the filling gas discharge line 12.

Abstract

In order to be able to achieve high pressures, pressure vessels are filled according to the principle of "cold filling", i.e. the filler gas is filled into the pressure vessel in a cold state. Once the pressure vessel is filled and the gas is heated to ambient pressure, the pressure in the pressure vessels multiplies several times. A problem that often occurs is that during filling the filler gas or a component of the filler gas mixture freezes out, thereby resulting in a malfunction of the filling device. For this purpose, the filler gas is transported to the pressure vessel to be charged in a cold yet gaseous state. The filler gas is supplied to a heat exchanger in a liquefied state and is then evaporated. The evaporated filler gas or the gas component are returned to the heat exchanger, where it thermally contacts the still liquid filler gas and is cooled to at least approximately the temperature of the liquid filler gas. The gas treated in this manner is very cold but at the same time available in a gaseous state of matter.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Befüllen von Druckbehältern mit kaltem Gas oder Gasgemisch, bei dem ein Füllgas oder eine Komponente eines Füllgasgemisches in einem Vorratsbehälter bei tiefen Temperaturen im verflüssigten Zustand gelagert und einem Druckbehälter zur Befüllung im kalten, gasförmigem Zustand zugeführt und durch Erwärmen des Gases im Druckbehälter ein Druck aufgebaut wird.The invention relates to a method for filling pressure vessels with cold gas or gas mixture in which a filling gas or a component of Füllgasgemisches stored in a reservoir at low temperatures in the liquefied state and fed to a pressure vessel for filling in the cold, gaseous state and by heating the gas pressure is built up in the pressure vessel.

Um Gase mit einer hohen Speicherdichte lagern zu können, erfolgt die Speicherung entweder in flüssigem Zustand oder gasförmig unter hohen Drücken. Die Lagerung im flüssigen Zustand ermöglicht zwar eine sehr hohe Speicherdichte, sie ist jedoch nur unter Inkaufnahme mehr oder minder großer Abdampfverluste möglich, die auch bei gut wärmeisolierten Behältern unvermeidlich sind.In order to store gases with a high storage density, storage takes place either in the liquid state or in gaseous form under high pressures. Although the storage in the liquid state allows a very high storage density, but it is only at the cost of more or less large evaporation losses possible, which are unavoidable even with well-insulated containers.

Zur Druckspeicherung von Gasen wurden bislang überwiegend Kompressoren eingesetzt, die einen Betriebsdruck im Druckbehälter von etwa 200 bar erlauben. Die Kompressoren sind jedoch in Bau und Betrieb sehr aufwendig, zudem führen neuere Anwendungen, beispielsweise Anwendungen in der Brennstoffzellentechnik oder Gasgeneratoren für Airbags, zum Bedürfnis nach weitaus höheren Drücken von 700 bar oder mehr. Derartige Drücke sind mit konventioneller Kompressionstechnik nicht oder nur mit unvertretbar hohem Aufwand zu realisieren.Up to now compressors have mainly been used for pressure storage of gases, which allow an operating pressure in the pressure vessel of about 200 bar. However, the compressors are very complex in construction and operation, also lead newer applications, such as applications in fuel cell technology or gas generators for airbags, the need for much higher pressures of 700 bar or more. Such pressures can not be realized with conventional compression technology or only with unacceptably high costs.

Aus der EP 0 033 386 A1 und der WO 99/05465 sind Verfahren zum Befüllen von Druckbehältern bekannt, bei dem das Füllgas vor der Zuführung an den zu befüllenden Druckbehälter verflüssigt oder auf eine Temperatur, die nur geringfügig über seiner Siedetemperatur liegt, gekühlt wird. Als bevorzugtes Kühlmittel dient dabei flüssiger Stickstoff. Aus der WO 02/066884 A1 ist ein weiter verbessertes Verfahren bekannt, bei dem auch der Druckbehälter vor und/oder während der Zuführung des kalten oder verflüssigten Füllgases gekühlt wird, beispielsweise durch Eintauchen in ein Bad in flüssigem Stickstoff. Nach Beenden des Befüllvorgangs wird der Druckbehälter druckdicht verschlossen. Da sich das Gasvolumen mit dem Abkühlen - bei gleich bleibendem Druck - ungefähr proportional zur Temperatur verhält, gelingt auf diese Weise eine Vergrößerung der effektiven Speicherkapazität um einen Faktor von ca. 2-3. Mit dem Aufwärmen des Gases steigt der Druck im Druckbehälter sehr stark an. Diese Verfahren sind beispielsweise geeignet, um Druckbehälter, die für Drücke von 700bar oder mehr zugelassen sind, kostengünstig zu befüllen. Insbesondere eignet sich dieses Verfahren zum Befüllen kleinvolumiger Tanks, insbesondere Gasgeneratoren für Airbags, Kraftstoffbehälter für gasbetriebene Fahrzeuge oder Brennstoffzellensysteme.From the EP 0 033 386 A1 and the WO 99/05465 Methods for filling pressure vessels are known in which the filling gas is liquefied before being fed to the pressure vessel to be filled or cooled to a temperature which is only slightly above its boiling point. The preferred coolant used here is liquid nitrogen. From the WO 02/066884 A1 a further improved method is known, in which also the pressure vessel is cooled before and / or during the supply of the cold or liquefied filling gas, for example by immersion in a bath in liquid nitrogen. After completion of the filling process, the pressure vessel is sealed pressure-tight. Since the gas volume with the cooling - at constant pressure - approximately proportional to the temperature behaves, succeeds in this way an increase in the effective storage capacity by a factor of about 2-3. As the gas warms up, the pressure in the pressure vessel rises sharply. For example, these methods are suitable for inexpensively filling pressure vessels permitted for pressures of 700 bar or more. In particular, this method is suitable for filling small-volume tanks, in particular gas generators for airbags, fuel tanks for gas-powered vehicles or fuel cell systems.

Die bekannten Verfahren haben den Nachteil, dass es beim Befüllvorgang zum Kondensieren oder Ausfrieren des Füllgases bzw. einer Füllgaskomponente kommen kann. Während die Kondensation im Innern des zu befüllenden Druckbehälters in der Regel unproblematisch oder sogar gewollt ist, kann ein Ausfrieren des Gases in den Zuleitungen zum Druckbehälter zum Verschluss der Zuleitung führen.The known methods have the disadvantage that the filling process can lead to condensation or freezing of the filling gas or a filling gas component. While the condensation in the interior of the pressure vessel to be filled is usually unproblematic or even intentional, a freezing of the gas in the supply lines to the pressure vessel can lead to closure of the supply line.

Um ein Ausfrieren des Füllgases zu vermeiden, kann das im flüssigen Zustand gespeicherte Füllgas vor seiner Zuführung an den Druckbehälter mittels eines Wärmetauschers verdampft und aufgeheizt werden. Der Nachteil hiervon ist, dass die Temperatur des verdampften Füllgases nur schwer zu kontrollieren ist, wodurch es zu einer Beeinträchtigung des Füllergebnisses kommt.In order to avoid freezing of the filling gas, the filling gas stored in the liquid state can be vaporized and heated by means of a heat exchanger before it is fed to the pressure vessel. The disadvantage of this is that the temperature of the vaporized filler gas is difficult to control, which leads to a deterioration of the filling result.

Aus der US 2003/021743 A1 ist ein System zum Erzeugen von Wasserstoff aus Erdgas und Betanken von Fahrzeugen mit dem so erzeugten Wasserstoff bekannt bekannt. Dabei wird das in einem Tank bei tiefen Temperaturen im flüssigen Zustand gespeicherte Erdgas in einem Wärmetauscher verdampft und in einem Dampfreformer zu Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid reformiert. Die Wärme des erzeugten Wasserstoffs wird dazu genutzt, das Erdgas in dem erwähnten Wärmetauscher zu verdampfen. Dieser Gegenstand hat jedoch nicht die vorgenannte Kaltbefüllung von Druckbehältern zum Inhalt.From the US 2003/021743 A1 For example, a system for producing hydrogen from natural gas and refueling vehicles with the hydrogen thus produced is known. In this case, the natural gas stored in a tank at low temperatures in the liquid state is vaporized in a heat exchanger and reformed in a steam reformer to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The heat of the generated hydrogen is used to vaporize the natural gas in the mentioned heat exchanger. However, this article does not have the aforementioned cold filling of pressure vessels to the content.

Das Dokument DE 101 19 214 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Befüllen von Drochbehdiltrous.The document DE 101 19 214 describes a method for filling Drochbehdiltrous.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es demnach, eine Möglichkeit zur Befüllung von Druckbehältern mit kaltem, nicht verflüssigtem Gas anzugeben, bei dem eine Kondensation oder ein Ausfrieren des Füllgases oder einer Füllgaskomponente zuverlässig vermieden wird.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a way to fill pressure vessels with cold, non-liquefied gas, in which a condensation or freezing of the filling gas or a Füllgaskomponente is reliably avoided.

Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch, dass das Füllgas oder die Füllgaskomponente aus dem Vorratsbehälter vor seiner Zuführung an den Druckbehälter im verflüssigten Zustand einem Wärmetauscher zugeführt, durch Zuführen einer mindestens der Verdampfungsenthalpie entsprechenden Energie verdampft und das verdampfte Füllgas bzw. die verdampfte Füllgaskomponente an Wärmetauscherflächen des Wärmetauschers in thermischen Kontakt mit dem verflüssigten Füllgas bzw. der verflüssigten Füllgaskomponente aus dem Vorratsbehälter gebracht wird.This problem is solved in a method of the type mentioned in that the filling gas or the filling gas component supplied from the reservoir prior to its delivery to the pressure vessel in the liquefied state a heat exchanger, evaporated by supplying at least the evaporation enthalpy corresponding energy and the vaporized filling gas or the evaporated filling gas component is brought to heat exchanger surfaces of the heat exchanger in thermal contact with the liquefied filling gas or the liquefied filling gas component from the reservoir.

Das verdampfte Füllgas wird also durch den Wärmetausch mit dem noch flüssigen Füllgas abgekühlt und anschließend dem zu befüllenden Druckbehälter zugeleitet. Bei der Verdampfung wird dem Füllgas mindestens so viel Energie zugeführt, wie es seiner Verdampfungsenthalpie entspricht. Bei der Abkühlung durch den Wärmekontakt mit dem noch flüssigen Füllgas kann ihm diese Verdampfungsenthalpie jedoch nicht mehr entzogen werden. Die Temperatur des verdampften Füllgases nähert sich der Temperatur des noch flüssigen Füllgases an, ohne dass das verdampfte Füllgas dabei wieder kondensiert. Der Grad der Annäherung der Temperaturen des verdampften Füllgases an das noch flüssige Füllgas hängt dabei unter anderem vom Aufbau des Wärmetauschers, von der zur Erwärmung des Gases eingesetzten Heizleistung und der Durchflussmenge ab. Im - unter realistischen Bedingungen freilich nicht völlig erreichbaren - Idealfall sind die Temperaturen gleich und die Energieinhalte des verdampften bzw. noch flüssigen Füllgases unterscheiden sich nur um die Verdampfungsenthalpie. Es spielt dabei keine Rolle, auf welche Weise die der Verdampfungsenthalpie entsprechende Energiemenge dem Füllgas zugeführt wird. Ein Wärmekontakt mit einem weiteren Medium, entweder strömungstechnisch getrennt an Wärmetauscherflächen oder ohne stoffliche Trennung, etwa durch Mischung, kommt dafür ebenso in Betracht wie eine aktive Beheizung, beispielsweise durch eine elektrische oder sonstige Heizeinrichtung, oder eine Kombination verschiedener Heizeinrichtungen.The vaporized filling gas is thus cooled by the heat exchange with the still liquid filling gas and then fed to the pressure vessel to be filled. During evaporation, the filling gas is at least as much energy supplied as it corresponds to its enthalpy of vaporization. During cooling by the thermal contact with the still liquid filling gas, however, this evaporation enthalpy can no longer be removed from it. The temperature of the vaporized filling gas approaches the temperature of the still liquid filling gas, without the vaporized filling gas condenses again. The degree of convergence of the temperatures of the vaporized filling gas to the still liquid filling gas depends inter alia on the structure of the heat exchanger, the heating power used for heating the gas and the flow rate. In the ideal case, which is of course not fully achievable under realistic conditions, the temperatures are the same and the energy contents of the evaporated or still liquid filling gas differ only by the enthalpy of vaporization. It does not matter how the amount of energy corresponding to the evaporation enthalpy is supplied to the filling gas. A thermal contact with another medium, either fluidly separated on heat exchanger surfaces or without material separation, such as by mixing, is considered as well as an active heating, for example by an electric or other heating device, or a combination of different heaters.

Um die Temperatur des verdampften Gases so gering wie möglich zu halten, ist es zweckmäßig, die Heizleistung und/oder die Durchflussmenge des Füllgases durch den Wärmetauscher zur Erwärmung des Füllgases in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur des Füllgases zu regeln. Dadurch werden die Heizkosten so gering wie möglich gehalten. Die als Regelgröße eingesetzte Temperatur kann dabei im Wärmetauscher, in einer Verbindungsleitung zwischen den thermisch miteinander verbundenen Abschnitten des Wärmetauschers oder in einer Füllleitung, stromab vom Wärmetauscher, erfasst werden. Alternativ kann auch der Anteil noch flüssigen Gases am Füllgas gemessen und als Ausgangsgröße zur Einstellung der Heizleistung genommen werden. Die Messung des Flüssiganteils erfolgt dabei bevorzugt im Bereich des Ausgangs des ersten Abschnitts des Wärmetauschers.In order to keep the temperature of the vaporized gas as low as possible, it is expedient to regulate the heating power and / or the flow rate of the filling gas through the heat exchanger for heating the filling gas as a function of the temperature of the filling gas. This keeps the heating costs as low as possible. The temperature used as a control variable can be detected in the heat exchanger, in a connecting line between the thermally interconnected sections of the heat exchanger or in a filling line, downstream of the heat exchanger. Alternatively, the proportion of still liquid gas can be measured at the filling gas and taken as an output for adjusting the heating power. The measurement of the liquid fraction is preferably carried out in the region of the outlet of the first section of the heat exchanger.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass das Füllgas vor seiner Zuführung an den Druckbehälter entspannt wird. Aufgrund der bei der Entspannung eintretenden Siedepunktserniedrigung wird so vermieden, dass aufgrund einer plötzlichen Druckschwankung in den Leitungen eine Kondensation des Füllgases auftritt.A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the filling gas is expanded before it is fed to the pressure vessel. Due to the boiling point depression occurring during the expansion, it is thus avoided that condensation of the filling gas occurs due to a sudden pressure fluctuation in the lines.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Variante zur Verdampfung des Füllgases besteht darin, das aus dem Wärmetauscher austretende, zu verdampfende Füllgas durch Beimischen eines wärmeren Zusatzgases der gleichen oder einer anderen Zusammensetzung aufzuheizen. Die zur Verdampfung erforderliche Energie erhält das Füllgas vom beigemischten Zusatzgas.A particularly advantageous variant for the vaporization of the filling gas is to heat the filling gas leaving the heat exchanger to be evaporated by admixing a warmer additional gas of the same or a different composition. The energy required for evaporation receives the filling gas from the admixed additional gas.

Bei einer Vorrichtung zum Befüllen von Druckbehältern mit kaltem Gas oder Gasgemisch, bei dem ein Füllgas oder eine Komponente eines Füllgasgemisches in einem Vorratsbehälter im verflüssigten Zustand gelagert und zur Befüllung einem Druckbehälter zugeführt wird, ist zwischen Vorratsbehälter und Druckbehälter ein Wärmetauscher mit thermisch miteinander verbundenen Abschnitten vorgesehen, wobei ein erster Abschnitt des Wärmetauschers über eine Füllgaszuleitung mit dem Vorratsbehälter und ein zweiter Abschnitt über eine Füllgasableitung mit der Befülleinrichtung strömungsverbunden ist und zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Abschnitt eine Verbindungsleitung besteht, und eine Einrichtung zum Erwärmen des Füllgases vorgesehen ist.In a device for filling pressure vessels with cold gas or gas mixture in which a filling gas or a component of Füllgasgemisches stored in a reservoir in the liquefied state and fed to a pressure vessel for filling, a heat exchanger is provided with thermally interconnected sections between reservoir and pressure vessel wherein a first portion of the heat exchanger via a Füllgaszuleitung with the reservoir and a second portion via a Füllgasableitung with the filling device is flow-connected and between the first and the second portion is a connecting line, and means for heating the filling gas is provided.

Das Füllgas bzw. die Füllgaskomponente durchläuft also zunächst den ersten Abschnitt eines Wärmetauschers und wird durch den thermischen Kontakt mit dem verdampften Füllgas aus dem zweiten Abschnitt des Wärmetauschers zumindest teilweise verdampft. Die Einrichtung zum Erwärmen des Füllgases, die innerhalb des ersten Abschnitts des Wärmetauschers oder in der Verbindungsleitung zwischen den beiden Abschnitten des Wärmetauschers angeordnet sein kann, bewirkt die Zuführung einer Energie an das Füllgas, die zumindest der Verdampfungsenthalpie entspricht. Im zweiten Abschnitt des Wärmetauschers, der mit dem ersten Abschnitt thermisch verbunden ist, wird die Temperatur des verdampften Füllgases an die Temperatur des noch flüssigen Füllgases angenähert.The filling gas or the filling gas component thus first passes through the first section of a heat exchanger and is at least partially evaporated by the thermal contact with the vaporized filling gas from the second section of the heat exchanger. The device for heating the filling gas, which may be arranged within the first section of the heat exchanger or in the connecting line between the two sections of the heat exchanger, causes the supply of energy to the filling gas, which corresponds at least to the enthalpy of vaporization. In the second section of the heat exchanger, which is thermally connected to the first section, the temperature of the vaporized filling gas is approximated to the temperature of the still liquid filling gas.

Vorteilhafterweise ist als Einrichtung zum Erwärmen des Füllgases eine regelbare Heizeinrichtung vorgesehen, die mit Sensoren zum Erfassen physikalischer Parameter des Füllgases, wie Temperatur oder Druck, datenverbunden ist.Advantageously, a controllable heating device is provided as means for heating the filling gas, which is data-connected with sensors for detecting physical parameters of the filling gas, such as temperature or pressure.

Eine zweckmäßige Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung sieht vor, dass in der Verbindungsleitung und/oder in der Füllgasableitung eine Druckstufe angeordnet ist. Die Druckstufe, bei der es sich beispielsweise um einen Druckminderer oder ein regelbares Drosselventil handelt, sichert aufgrund des infolge der Entspannung erniedrigten Siedepunkts die Aufrechterhaltung des gasförmigen Aggregatszustandes des strömungsabwärts von der Druckstufe vorliegenden Füllgases auch im Falle von Druckschwankungen in der Füllgaszuleitung zum zu befüllenden Druckbehälter. Durch den Einbau der Druckstufe kann auch die Heizleistung des Füllgases auf einen Wert eingestellt werden, der geringer als die Verdampfungsenthalpie ist, sofern die Forderung erfüllt ist, dass das Füllgas bei dem erniedrigten Druck und der ihm zugeführten Energie im gasförmigen Zustand vorliegt.An expedient embodiment of the device provides that in the connecting line and / or in the Füllgasableitung a pressure stage is arranged. The pressure stage, which is, for example, a pressure reducer or a controllable throttle valve, ensures the maintenance of the gaseous state of the downstream of the pressure stage filling gas also in the case of pressure fluctuations in the Füllgaszuleitung to be filled pressure vessel due to the lowered due to the relaxation boiling point. By installing the pressure stage and the heating power of the filling gas can be set to a value which is lower than the enthalpy of vaporization, provided that the requirement is satisfied that the filling gas is present at the reduced pressure and the energy supplied to it in the gaseous state.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die Verbindungsleitung mit einer Gaszuleitung strömungsverbunden, mittels der ein Zusatzgas in die Verbindungsleitung einspeisbar ist. Auf diese Weise können insbesondere Füllgasgemische auf einfache Weise und ohne die Gefahr der Kondensation einer Füllgaskomponente hergestellt werden. Das Zusatzgas kann dabei auch zur Erwärmung des Füllgases eingesetzt werden.Advantageously, the connecting line is flow-connected to a gas supply line, by means of which an additional gas can be fed into the connecting line. In this way, in particular filling gas mixtures can be prepared in a simple manner and without the risk of condensation of a filling gas component. The additional gas can also be used to heat the filling gas.

Anhand der Zeichnung soll ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert werden.Reference to the drawings, an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail.

Die in der Zeichnung (Fig.) schematisch dargestellte Vorrichtung 1 dient zur Befüllung von Druckbehältern 2 in einer Befülleinrichtung 3 mit einem Füllgasgemisch.The device 1 shown schematically in the drawing (Fig.) Serves to fill pressure vessels 2 in a filling device 3 with a filling gas mixture.

Bei der Befülleinrichtung 3 selbst handelt es sich um eine an sich bekannte Einrichtung, wie sie sie beispielsweise in der WO 02/066884 beschrieben ist. Die Komponenten des Füllgasgemisches - im Ausführungsbeispiel Argon (Ar) und Helium (He) - werden in Vorratsbehältern 4,5 gespeichert. Während im Vorratsbehälter 5 Helium unter Druck im gasförmigen Zustand bei Temperaturen von beispielsweise 20°C gespeichert wird, liegt das Argon im Vorratsbehälter 4 im tiefkalten, verflüssigten Zustand vor. Bei den Vorratsbehältern 4,5 handelt es sich im übrigen um handelsübliche Behälter zur Speicherung von Gasen, die in bekannter Weise mit hier nicht gezeigten Armaturen, wie Absperrventilen, Überdruckventilen, Druckminderen u. dergl. ausgerüstet sind.The filling device 3 itself is a device known per se, as it is known, for example, in the WO 02/066884 is described. The components of the filling gas mixture - in the embodiment argon (Ar) and helium (He) - are stored in storage containers 4,5. While in the reservoir 5 helium is stored under pressure in the gaseous state at temperatures of, for example, 20 ° C, the argon is in the reservoir 4 in the cryogenic, liquefied state. Incidentally, the storage containers 4, 5 are commercially available containers for the storage of gases, which in a known manner are not shown here with fittings, such as shut-off valves, pressure relief valves, pressure reducers and the like. are equipped dergl.

Der Vorratsbehälter 4 ist über eine thermisch isolierte Füllgaszuleitung 6 mit einem Wärmetauscher 7 strömungsverbunden. Der Wärmetauscher 7 umfasst zwei strömungstechnisch voneinander getrennte Abschnitte, hier als Primärabschnitt 8 bzw. Sekundärabschnitt 9 bezeichnet, die über eine Wärmetauscherfläche 10 miteinander thermisch verbunden sind. Während der Primärabschnitt 8 des Wärmetauschers 7 mit der Füllgaszuleitung 6 strömungsverbunden ist, ist der Sekundärabschnitt 9 über eine ebenfalls thermisch isolierte Füllgasableitung 12 mit der Befülleinrichtung 3 und damit den zu befüllenden Druckbehältern 2 verbunden. Der Primärabschnitt 8 des Wärmetauschers 7 weist einen Ausgang auf, der über eine Verbindungsleitung 13 mit einem Eingang des Sekundärabschnitts 9 strömungsverbunden ist. An bzw. in der Verbindungsleitung 18 sind die im Folgenden beschriebenen Einrichtungen vorgesehen.The reservoir 4 is fluidly connected via a thermally insulated Füllgaszuleitung 6 with a heat exchanger 7. The heat exchanger 7 comprises two fluidically separated sections, here referred to as primary section 8 and secondary section 9, which are thermally connected to each other via a heat exchanger surface 10. While the primary section 8 of the heat exchanger 7 is fluidly connected to the Füllgaszuleitung 6, the secondary section 9 is connected via a likewise thermally insulated Füllgasableitung 12 with the filling device 3 and thus the pressure vessels 2 to be filled. The primary section 8 of the heat exchanger 7 has an output which is flow-connected via a connecting line 13 to an input of the secondary section 9. At or in the connecting line 18, the devices described below are provided.

In der Nähe des Ausgangs von Primärabschnitt 8 des Wärmetauschers 7, beispielsweise unmittelbar am Ausgang des Primärabschnitts 8, ist in der Verbindungsleitung 13 eine elektrische Heizeinrichtung 15 zur Beheizung des Füllgases angeordnet. Die Heizeineinrichtung 15 ist mit einer Mess- und Regeleinrichtung 14 versehen, mittels der die an das Füllgas abgegebene Heizleistung in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur des Füllgases geregelt wird. Die als Regelgröße eingesetzte Temperatur des Füllgases wird dabei mittels eines Sensors 16 in einem von der Heizeinrichtung 15 stromabwärts gelegenen Abschnitt der Verbindungsleitung 13 gemessen. Stromabwärts von der Heizeinrichtung 15 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Anordnung 17 zur Druckreduzierung vorgesehen, mittels der der Druck des Füllgases um einen vorbestimmten Wert erniedrigt werden kann. Bei der Anordnung 17 kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Druckminderer oder ein regelbares Drosselventil handeln. Stromabwärts von der Anordnung 17 mündet in die Verbindungsleitung 13 an einer Verbindungsstelle 18 eine Gaszuleitung 19 ein, die mit dem Vorratsbehälter 5 für eine weitere Füllgaskomponente, im Ausführungsbeispiel Helium, strömungverbunden ist. In der Gaszuleitung 19 ist gleichfalls eine Anordnung 20 zur Druckreduzierung vorgesehen. Weiterhin sind in der Verbindungsleitung 13 und der Gaszuleitung 16 Absperrventile 22,23 angeordnet.In the vicinity of the output of the primary section 8 of the heat exchanger 7, for example, directly at the output of the primary section 8, an electric heater 15 is arranged in the connecting line 13 for heating the filling gas. The heating device 15 is provided with a measuring and control device 14, by means of which the heat output delivered to the filling gas is regulated as a function of the temperature of the filling gas. The temperature of the filling gas used as a controlled variable is measured by means of a sensor 16 in a section of the connecting line 13 located downstream of the heating device 15. Downstream of the heater 15, an arrangement 17 is provided in the embodiment for reducing pressure, by means of which the pressure of the filling gas can be lowered by a predetermined value. The arrangement 17 may be, for example, a pressure reducer or a controllable throttle valve. Downstream of the arrangement 17 opens into the connecting line 13 at a junction 18, a gas supply 19, which is connected to the reservoir 5 for a further filling gas component, helium in the embodiment, flow-connected. In the gas supply line 19, an arrangement 20 is also provided for reducing pressure. Furthermore, 16 shut-off valves 22,23 are arranged in the connecting line 13 and the gas supply line.

Beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung 1 wird als Füllgas vorgesehenes verflüssigtes Argon aus dem Vorratsbehälter 4 über die Füllgaszuleitung 6 dem Primärabschnitt 8 desWhen operating the device 1 is provided as a filling gas liquefied argon from the reservoir 4 via the Füllgaszuleitung 6 the primary section 8 of the

Wärmetauschers 7 zugeführt. Dort erfolgt aufgrund des thermischen Kontakts mit dem Sekundärabschnitt 9 des Wärmetauschers 7 eine zumindest teilweise Verdampfung des Füllgases. Im Anschluss daran wird das Füllgas der Heizeinrichtung 15 zugeführt, die dem Füllgas eine Energie zuführt, die zumindest der Verdampfungsenthalpie entspricht, d.h. spätestens stromab von der Heizeinrichtung 15 ist das Füllgas vollständig verdampft. Über die Verbindungsleitung 13 wird das verdampfte Füllgas in den Sekundärabschnitt 9 des Wärmetauschers 7 geleitet und gelangt dort an der Wärmetauscherfläche 10 in thermischen Kontakt mit dem noch flüssigen Füllgas im Primärabschnitt 8 des Wärmetauschers 7. Aufgrund des thermischen Kontakts kühlt sich das gasförmige Füllgas ab, im Idealfall bis auf die Temperatur des noch flüssigen Füllgases ab, kann jedoch aufgrund der Temperaturund Druckverhältnisse selbst nicht kondensieren. Das Füllgas befindet sich also in einem sehr kalten, jedoch gasförmigen Zustand. In diesem Zustand wird das Füllgas den Druckbehältern 2 über die isolierte Füllgasableitung 12 zur Befüllung zugeführt. Ein in der Füllgasableitung 12 vorgesehener Druckpuffer 22 dient dabei dazu, mögliche Druckschwankungen in der Füllgasableitung 12, die bei der Befüllung der Druckbehälter 2 entstehen können, zu dämpfen und den Befüllvorgang insgesamt zu vergleichmäßigen. Nach Beendigung des Befüllvorgangs und dem Verschließen der Druckbehälter 2 erwärmt sich das Füllgas in den Druckbehältern 2 allmählich bis auf Umgebungstemperatur und erhöht seinen Druck erheblich. Werden beispielsweise die zu befüllenden Druckbehälter 2 ihrerseits - etwa mit Flüssigstickstoff - gekühlt und kondensiert somit das Gas im Innern der Druckbehälter 2 während der Befüllung, können nach Verschließen der Druckbehälter 2 und ihrer anschließenden Erwärmung auf Umgebungstemperatur Drücke erzielt werden, die den Eingangsdruck um das Mehrhundertfache übersteigen. Selbst für Höchstdrücke ausgelegte Druckbehälter können so mit Gas befüllt werden, dessen Druck bei der Befüllung im Bereich des Atmosphärendrucks oder nur wenige bar (105 Pa) beträgt.Heat exchanger 7 supplied. There takes place due to the thermal contact with the secondary portion 9 of the heat exchanger 7, an at least partial evaporation of the filling gas. Following this, the filling gas is supplied to the heating device 15, which supplies the filling gas with an energy which corresponds at least to the enthalpy of evaporation, ie, at the latest downstream of the heating device 15, the filling gas is completely vaporized. Via the connecting line 13, the vaporized filling gas is passed into the secondary section 9 of the heat exchanger 7 and reaches there on the heat exchanger surface 10 in thermal contact with the still liquid filling gas in the primary section 8 of the heat exchanger 7. Due to the thermal contact, the gaseous filling gas cools in the Ideally down to the temperature of the still liquid filling gas, but can not condense due to the temperature and pressure conditions itself. The filling gas is thus in a very cold, but gaseous state. In this state, the filling gas is supplied to the pressure vessels 2 via the isolated Füllgasableitung 12 for filling. A provided in the Füllgasableitung 12 pressure buffer 22 serves to dampen possible pressure fluctuations in the Füllgasableitung 12, which may arise during the filling of the pressure vessel 2, and to even out the filling process. After completion of the filling and the closing of the pressure vessel 2, the filling gas in the pressure vessels 2 gradually heats up to ambient temperature and increases its pressure considerably. If, for example, the pressure vessels 2 to be filled - in turn cooled - for example with liquid nitrogen and thus condenses the gas inside the pressure vessel 2 during filling pressures can be achieved after closing the pressure vessel 2 and its subsequent heating to ambient temperature, the input pressure by several hundred times exceed. Even for maximum pressures designed pressure vessel can be filled with gas, the pressure during the filling in the range of atmospheric pressure or only a few bar (10 5 Pa).

Zur Herstellung eines Füllgasgemisches, im Ausführungsbeispiel eines Argon-Helium- Gemisches, wird eine zusätzliche Füllgaskomponente - im Beispiel Helium - aus dem Vorratsbehälter 5 über die Gaszuleitung 19 in die Verbindungsleitung 13 eingespeist und vermischt sich dort mit dem verdampften Füllgas - im Beispiel Argon. Durch eine geeignete Einstellung bzw. Auswahl der Anordnungen 17, 20 zur Druckreduzierung wird ein gewünschtes Mischungsverhältnis zwischen den Komponenten eingestellt. Mittels der Absperrventile 22,23 kann die Zufuhr einer Füllgaskomponente zeitweise auch vollständig unterbunden werden. Weist die über die Gaszuleitung 19 zugeführte zusätzliche Füllgaskomponente eine höhere Temperatur als die Siedetemperatur des Füllgases im Vorratsbehälter 4, kann auf den Einsatz der Heizeinrichtung 15 ganz oder teilweise verzichtet werden. Die zur Verdampfung notwendige Energie wird dem Füllgas dann ganz oder teilweise von der zusätzlichen Füllgaskomponente übertragen. Das Füllgasgemisch gelangt anschließend in den Sekundärabschnitt 9 des Wärmetauschers 7, wird dort wie zuvor beschrieben abgekühlt und zur Befülleinrichtung 3 geleitet. Bei der zuvor beschriebenen Anordnung sollte der Siedepunkt der im Vorratsbehälter 5 gespeicherten zusätzlichen Füllgaskomponente niedriger sein als der des im Vorratsbehälter 4 gespeicherten Füllgases. Ist dies nicht der Fall, muss gewährleistet werden, dass es bei der Abkühlung des Füllgasgemisches im Wärmetauscher 7 nicht zur Kondensation der zusätzlichen Füllgaskomponente kommt. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass in diesem Fall dem System, beispielsweise mittels der Heizeinrichtung 15, eine entsprechend höhere Energie zugeführt wird, die die Kondensation der zusätzlichen Füllgaskomponente verhindert.To produce a filling gas mixture, in the exemplary embodiment of an argon-helium mixture, an additional filling gas component - in the example helium - is fed from the reservoir 5 via the gas supply line 19 into the connecting line 13 and mixes there with the vaporized filling gas - in the example argon. By a suitable adjustment or selection of the arrangements 17, 20 for pressure reduction, a desired mixing ratio between the components is set. By means of the shut-off valves 22,23, the supply of a Füllgaskomponente temporarily be completely prevented. If the additional filling gas component supplied via the gas feed line 19 has a higher temperature than the boiling temperature of the filling gas in the storage container 4, the use of the heating device 15 can be completely or partially dispensed with. The energy necessary for the evaporation is then transferred to the filling gas in whole or in part from the additional filling gas component. The filling gas mixture then passes into the secondary section 9 of the heat exchanger 7, where it is cooled as described above and passed to the filling device 3. In the arrangement described above, the boiling point of the additional filling gas component stored in the storage container 5 should be lower than that of the filling gas stored in the storage container 4. If this is not the case, it must be ensured that the cooling of the filling gas mixture in the heat exchanger 7 does not result in the condensation of the additional filling gas component. This is achieved in that in this case the system, for example by means of the heater 15, a correspondingly higher energy is supplied, which prevents the condensation of the additional filling gas component.

Die zusätzliche Füllgaskomponente oder weitere Füllgaskomponenten, können im Rahmen der Erfindung dem Füllgas auch an anderer- hier nicht gezeigter - Stelle hinzugeführt werden, insbesondere stromabwärts vom Sekundärabschnitt 9 des Wärmetauschers 7.The additional filling gas component or further filling gas components can, in the context of the invention, also be added to the filling gas at another point (not shown here), in particular downstream of the secondary section 9 of the heat exchanger 7.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Druck des Füllgases in der Verbindungsleitung an der Anordnung 17 reduziert. Aufgrund der mit dem Druckabfall verbundenen Siedepunktserniedrigung wird gewährleistet, dass auch im Falle von Druckschwankungen in der Füllgasableitung 12 eine Kondensation stets zuverlässig verhindert wird.In the exemplary embodiment, the pressure of the filling gas in the connecting line to the arrangement 17 is reduced. Due to the boiling point reduction associated with the pressure drop, it is ensured that condensation is always reliably prevented even in the case of pressure fluctuations in the filling gas discharge line 12.

Durch die Befüllung der Druckbehälter 2 mit sehr kaltem gasförmigem Füllgas oder Füllgasgemisch können nach Abschluss des Befüllvorgangs, dem Verschließen der Druckbehälter und der anschließenden Erwärmung der Druckbehälter 2 auf Umgebungstemperatur ohne großen apparativen Aufwand in den Druckbehältern 2 Drücke von 700bar und mehr erzielt werden. Die Vorrichtung 1 ist damit besonders geeignet zum Befüllen von Gasgeneratoren für Airbags geeignet.

1.
Vorrichtung
2.
Druckbehälter
3.
Befülleinrichtung
4.
Vorratsbehälter
5.
Vorratsbehälter
6.
Füllgasleitung
7.
Wärmetauscher
8.
Primärabschnitt (des Wärmetauschers)
9.
Sekundärabschnitt (des Wärmetauschers)
10.
Wärmetauscherfläche
11. 12.
Füllgasableitung
13.
Verbindungsleitung
14.
Mess- und Regeleinrichtung
15.
Heizeinrichtung
16.
Temperatursensor
17.
Anordnung zur Druckreduzierung
18.
Verbindungsstelle
19.
Gaszuleitung
20.
Anordnung zur Druckreduzierung
21. - 22.
Druckpuffer
23.
Absperrventil
24.
Absperrventil
By filling the pressure vessel 2 with very cold gaseous filling gas or filling gas mixture 2 pressures of 700bar and more can be achieved after completion of the filling process, the closing of the pressure vessel and the subsequent heating of the pressure vessel 2 to ambient temperature without great equipment expense in the pressure vessels. The device 1 is thus particularly suitable for filling gas generators for airbags.
1.
contraption
Second
pressure vessel
Third
filling
4th
reservoir
5th
reservoir
6th
fill gas
7th
heat exchangers
8th.
Primary section (of the heat exchanger)
9th
Secondary section (of the heat exchanger)
10th
Heat exchanger surface
11. 12.
Füllgasableitung
13th
connecting line
14th
Measuring and control device
15th
heater
16th
temperature sensor
17th
Arrangement for reducing pressure
18th
junction
19th
gas supply
20th
Arrangement for reducing pressure
21. - 22.
print buffer
23rd
shut-off valve
24th
shut-off valve

Claims (6)

  1. Method for filling pressure vessels with cold gas or gas mixture, in which method a filling gas or a component of a filling gas mixture is stored in a storage vessel (4) at low temperatures in the liquefied state and is supplied in the cold, gaseous state to a pressure vessel (2) in order to fill the latter, and a pressure is built up in the pressure vessel by heating the gas,
    characterized
    in that the filling gas or the filling gas component from the storage vessel (4), before being supplied to the pressure vessel (2), is supplied in the liquefied state to a heat exchanger (7), is evaporated by means of the supply of an amount of energy at least corresponding to the evaporation enthalpy, and the evaporated filling gas or the evaporated filling gas component is brought into thermal contact, at heat exchanger surfaces (10) of the heat exchanger (7), with the liquefied filling gas or the liquefied filling gas component from the storage vessel (4).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heating of the filling gas and/or the mass flow rate of the filling gas through the heat exchanger (7) is regulated as a function of the temperature of the filling gas.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filling gas is expanded before being supplied to the pressure vessel (2).
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating of the filling gas is realized by means of the admixture of an additional gas.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating of the filling gas is realized by an electric heating means or by means of thermal contact with a further medium.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporated filling gas is cooled at least approximately to the temperature of the liquefied filling gas, but remains in the gaseous state, as a result of the thermal contact with the liquefied filling gas in the heat exchanger (7).
EP06707704A 2005-02-02 2006-01-11 Method and device for filling pressure vessels with non-liquefied gases or gas mixtures Not-in-force EP1846691B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005004665A DE102005004665A1 (en) 2005-02-02 2005-02-02 Method and device for filling pressure vessels with non-liquefied gases or gas mixtures
PCT/EP2006/050166 WO2006082122A1 (en) 2005-02-02 2006-01-11 Method and device for filling pressure vessels with non-liquefied gases or gas mixtures

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1846691A1 EP1846691A1 (en) 2007-10-24
EP1846691B1 true EP1846691B1 (en) 2011-08-03

Family

ID=36063688

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06707704A Not-in-force EP1846691B1 (en) 2005-02-02 2006-01-11 Method and device for filling pressure vessels with non-liquefied gases or gas mixtures

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1846691B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE519065T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102005004665A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006082122A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008013084A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2009-09-24 Messer Group Gmbh Apparatus and method for removing gas from a container
US20140366575A1 (en) * 2011-10-11 2014-12-18 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation Low-temperature gas supply device, heat transfer medium-cooling device, and low-temperature reaction control device
CN104132237B (en) * 2014-08-18 2016-03-30 国家电网公司 Mix insulation gas low temperature making-up air device

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1466790B1 (en) * 1964-12-18 1971-01-21 Cvi Corp Medical probe for cold surgery treatment
US3720057A (en) * 1971-04-15 1973-03-13 Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc Method of continuously vaporizing and superheating liquefied cryogenic fluid
CA1013582A (en) * 1973-08-24 1977-07-12 Joseph A. Connell In flight jet engine starter
DE3003355A1 (en) * 1980-01-31 1981-08-06 Messer Griesheim Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt METHOD FOR TRANSPORTING AND STORING PERMANENT GASES
DE19506486C2 (en) * 1995-02-24 2003-02-20 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Device for evaporating cryogenic media
US5860282A (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-01-19 Winterlab Limited Process for preparing ice substitutes
DE19817324A1 (en) * 1998-04-18 1999-10-21 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Method for storing of cooled liquefied fuel gases, e.g. methane, hydrogen, etc.
DE10107895B4 (en) * 2001-02-20 2007-07-05 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Method and device for filling pressure vessels with low-boiling permanent gases or gas mixtures
DE10119115A1 (en) * 2001-04-19 2002-10-31 Messer Griesheim Gmbh pressure vessel
US20030021743A1 (en) 2001-06-15 2003-01-30 Wikstrom Jon P. Fuel cell refueling station and system
US6941771B2 (en) * 2002-04-03 2005-09-13 Howe-Baker Engineers, Ltd. Liquid natural gas processing
DE10242159B4 (en) * 2002-09-11 2006-08-03 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Mobile gas filling station
EP1680620B1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2018-05-23 L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method for filling a pressure vessel with gas
DE502004009733D1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2009-08-20 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh METHOD FOR GAS FILLING OF PRESSURE GAS CONTAINERS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005004665A1 (en) 2006-08-10
ATE519065T1 (en) 2011-08-15
WO2006082122A1 (en) 2006-08-10
EP1846691A1 (en) 2007-10-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1717510B1 (en) System and method for filling a vessel with a gas or a gas mixture
DE69934923T2 (en) Method for filling bottles with cryogenic fluid
DE69838370T2 (en) Delivery system for a cryogenic fluid under high pressure
EP1364152B1 (en) Method and device for filling pressure containers with low-boiling permanent gases or gas mixtures
EP2035739A1 (en) Method for operating a device for filling a container with cryogenically stored fuel
EP2863103B1 (en) Device and method for supercooling carbon dioxide
EP1846691B1 (en) Method and device for filling pressure vessels with non-liquefied gases or gas mixtures
EP4248124A1 (en) Method and conveying device
EP1381807B1 (en) Pressure container
EP1828592B1 (en) Fuel supply device for a motor vehicle that can be operated by hydrogen
WO2017148604A1 (en) Method for cooling a first cryogenic pressure vessel
DE10040679A1 (en) Device and method for pressure-controlled supply from a liquid gas tank
WO2019233676A1 (en) Device for the temperature pressure relief of a fuel tank
DE19645488C1 (en) Delivery system for gases e.g. hydrogen, nitrogen or natural gas from liquid phase in cryogenic tank
WO2021165123A1 (en) Apparatus and method for generating a temperature-controlled cold gas stream
DE19645492C1 (en) System and method for maintaining or increasing pressure in a cryogenic tank
DE102006025658B4 (en) Method of operating a device for cryogenic storage of fuel
DE2407706C3 (en) Tank system for gas-powered heat engines
DE19717621A1 (en) Deep-cooling of liquid gases for cooling systems, tools
AT11211U1 (en) METHOD FOR FUEL SUPPLYING A CONSUMER WITH A CRYOGENIC FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM
DE4427710A1 (en) Extn. of gas from cryogenic storage vessels with min. relief to the atmosphere
EP1004813A2 (en) Filling and withdrawing apparatus for cryogenic fuels in vehicle tanks
EP3992519A1 (en) Method and device for supplying a cryogenic gas such as hydrogen
WO2023025410A1 (en) Method and conveying device
WO2021119713A1 (en) Apparatus and method for operating an apparatus

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20070903

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20080328

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502006009959

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20111006

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20110803

LTIE Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension

Effective date: 20110803

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111203

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111205

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111104

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: MESSER GROUP GMBH

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20120504

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: MESSER GROUP G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 20120131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502006009959

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120504

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20120111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120131

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120131

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 519065

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20120111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111114

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111103

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20110803

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20060111

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20150131

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20150108

Year of fee payment: 10

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502006009959

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20160930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160802

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160201