EP3443563A1 - Electrical cable with improved resistance to galvanic corrosion - Google Patents
Electrical cable with improved resistance to galvanic corrosionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3443563A1 EP3443563A1 EP17719663.1A EP17719663A EP3443563A1 EP 3443563 A1 EP3443563 A1 EP 3443563A1 EP 17719663 A EP17719663 A EP 17719663A EP 3443563 A1 EP3443563 A1 EP 3443563A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- aluminum
- electrically conductive
- layer
- conductive element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000838 Al alloy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 75
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150107467 ETP1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700032487 GAP-43-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gold Chemical compound [Cu].[Au] QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005042 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/003—Drawing materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special drawing methods or sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0036—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0602—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a casting wheel and belt, e.g. Properzi-process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
- H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
- H01B13/148—Selection of the insulating material therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an elongate copper-aluminum bimetal electrically conductive element, a cable comprising at least one such elongated electrically conductive element, a method of preparing said elongated electrically conductive element and said cable, and a device comprising such an electric cable and at least one a metal connector.
- the invention typically, but not exclusively, applies to data transport cables and electrical cables intended for the transmission of energy, in particular to low-voltage (especially less than 6kV) or medium-voltage (particularly at 45-60 kV) or at high voltage (in particular greater than 60 kV, and up to 800 kV), whether DC or AC, in the fields of aeronautics, automation, construction, medical, mining, oil and gas, overhead, underwater, terrestrial or railway power, rail or land transport, shipbuilding, nuclear and renewable energy.
- the invention relates to an electrically conductive element having improved resistance to galvanic corrosion, inducing an improvement in the mechanical strength of the connectors and / or accessories generally connected to such an electrically conductive element and the maintenance of the electrical contact between such an element. electrically conductive element and said connectors and / or accessories.
- the invention also relates to an electrically conductive element having good mechanical properties, particularly in terms of drawing and annealing, and electrical, especially in terms of electrical conductivity.
- the connector may be intended to conduct currents of intensities and voltages very varied or high when connecting electrical cables.
- Environmental conditions eg differential thermal expansion, vibrations, etc.
- this oxide layer can evolve under the effect of current flow and cause contact failure in the case of low currents, heating in the case of strong currents, or a fire. Indeed, if the heating of the conductors is too important, the electrically insulating layer can melt until it reaches the melting temperature of the aluminum, inducing the initiation of a fire, and possibly its propagation.
- the connectors generally used in the field of electrical cables for connecting the conventional copper or copper alloy electrical conductors are made of copper or copper alloy coated with a thin layer of tin, silver, copper or copper. gold and / or nickel.
- these metals have a galvanic potential difference with aluminum, and in the presence of moisture, especially saline, aluminum is very quickly corroded. This phenomenon is commonly called galvanic corrosion and comes from the combination of the following three conditions: the presence of at least two metals of different natures and having a different oxidation-reduction potential; bringing these two metals into electrical contact; and the presence of water acting as electrolyte and covering the two metals.
- a galvanic (short-circuit) cell is formed and the galvanic corrosion of the aluminum occurs.
- the steps of deposition of the aforementioned coating layer have a high production cost.
- these solutions make it possible to reduce the rate of galvanic corrosion, they do not prevent the phenomenon of galvanic corrosion as such. Whatever the solution used, the aluminum corrodes more or less quickly and this results in a decrease in the mechanical strength of the connectors.
- the object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an electrical conductor which has improved resistance to galvanic corrosion, while guaranteeing good mechanical properties, particularly in terms of drawing and drawing ability. annealing, and electrical, especially in terms of electrical conductivity. In particular, good resistance to galvanic corrosion may allow an improvement in the mechanical strength of the connectors and a maintenance of the electrical contact, without having to significantly modify the usual connectors used.
- the invention therefore firstly relates to an elongate electrically conductive element comprising an aluminum or aluminum alloy core and a copper or copper alloy layer surrounding said aluminum or aluminum alloy core, characterized in that that the layer of copper or copper alloy represents a volume greater than about 30% the volume of the elongated electrically conductive element.
- this layer of copper or copper alloy having a volume greater than about 30% surrounding said core of aluminum or aluminum alloy, the thickness of copper or copper alloy is sufficient for the corrosion resistance the electrically conductive element of the elongated electrically conductive element is improved.
- the elongate electrically conductive member exhibits galvanic corrosion resistance when subjected to salt spray exposure for at least about 50 hours, preferably at least about 60 hours, more preferably at least about 60 hours. at least 90h, and more preferably at least 120h.
- the elongated electrically conductive element has a reduction in Newton of the mechanical strength of the lugs by tensile test of at most about 20%, preferably at most 10%, and more preferably at most 5% when exposed to salt spray for at least about 50 hours, preferably at least about 60 hours, more preferably at least 90 hours, and more preferably at least 120 hours.
- the copper or copper alloy layer may be less than or equal to 90% of the volume of the elongated electrically conductive member.
- the copper or copper alloy layer is at least about 35% by volume, preferably about 40 to 80% by volume, preferably about 42 to 80% by volume, more preferably about 45 to 70% by volume, and more preferably about 50 to 65% by volume, of the volume of the elongate electrically conductive member.
- the elongated electrically conductive element of the invention has a high production cost. If the amount of copper is less than or equal to about 30% by volume, the elongated electrically conductive element of the invention does not have sufficient galvanic corrosion resistance, especially in aggressive environments.
- the term "elongated electrically conductive element” means an electrically conductive element having a longitudinal axis.
- the electrically conductive element is elongated because it has undergone at least one drawing step (cold deformation step, in particular through diamond dies).
- the copper or copper alloy layer is the outermost layer of the elongated electrically conductive element.
- the expression "said copper layer is the outermost layer of the elongated electrically conductive element” means that the copper layer of the elongated electrically conductive element of the invention is not covered by any other metallic layer.
- the entire outer surface of the copper layer i.e. the whole of the farthest surface of the elongated electrically conductive element
- the entire outer surface of the copper layer is not covered by any other metal layer.
- the copper or copper alloy layer is covered by a metal layer comprising a metal selected from tin, silver, nickel, gold, an alloy said metals and a mixture thereof.
- This metal layer is then the outermost layer of the elongated electrically conductive element and improves the electrical contact with the connector as is commonly done.
- the copper or copper alloy layer extends in particular along the longitudinal axis of the elongate electrically conductive element.
- the copper or copper alloy layer preferably has a substantially regular surface.
- the copper or copper alloy layer forms a continuous envelope (without irregularities or without roughness) surrounding said aluminum or aluminum alloy core.
- the elongated electrically conductive member has an outer diameter of from about 0.01 to 30 mm, and preferably from 0.05 to 8 mm.
- the elongated electrically conductive element of the invention has a lower use temperature (constant current) or a larger current capacity (constant temperature of use) than those of the prior art (ie those without a copper layer or having a copper layer representing a volume of less than or equal to approximately 30%).
- the elongated electrically conductive element of the invention also has better mechanical characteristics such as a greater tensile force than those of the prior art (ie those without a copper layer or having a copper layer representing a volume less than or equal to approximately 30%).
- the copper or copper alloy layer is directly in contact (i.e. in direct physical contact) with the aluminum or aluminum alloy core.
- the elongate electrically conductive element of the invention does not comprise an intermediate layer (s) positioned between the aluminum or aluminum alloy core and the copper or aluminum layer. made of copper alloy.
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy core preferably has a round cross sectional shape.
- the aluminum content of the aluminum alloy may be at least about 95.00% by weight, preferably at least about 98.00% by weight, preferably at least about 99.00% by weight. mass about, more preferably at least about 99.50% by weight; and preferably at least about 99.80% by weight.
- An aluminum content of the aluminum alloy of at least 99.00% has the advantage of improving the conductivity of the elongated electrically conductive element and also its drawing and annealing properties. Indeed, such a minimum aluminum content of the alloy of aluminum makes it possible to manufacture cables of great length (eg length of at least 1 km) while avoiding the presence of structural defects and / or to obtain a more rigid elongated electrically conductive element.
- the aluminum is pure or the aluminum alloy comprises at least 99% by weight of aluminum, the bending of the elongated electrically conductive element is facilitated, which allows easier handling.
- the copper content of the copper alloy may be at least about 95.00% by weight, preferably at least about 98.00% by weight, and more preferably at least about 99.50%. in mass approximately.
- the second subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing an elongated electrically conductive element according to the first subject of the invention comprising at least one step i) of forming a layer of copper or copper alloy around a aluminum or aluminum alloy core by electroplating, plating, rolling-welding, extrusion or casting (eg continuous casting).
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy core and the copper or copper alloy layer are as defined in the first subject of the invention.
- the choice of the technique used to coat the aluminum or aluminum alloy core with a layer of copper or copper alloy will depend on the mechanical properties of the elongated electrically conductive element that is desired.
- the step i) of forming a copper or copper alloy layer around an aluminum or aluminum alloy core is carried out by casting.
- the inventors have surprisingly discovered that unlike the other methods mentioned above, casting makes it possible to obtain an electrically conductive element that can be drawn easily. Thanks to casting, the copper layer has a better adhesion to the aluminum or aluminum alloy core.
- the copper-aluminum bond obtained by casting is a chemical and mechanical bond, which differentiates it from purely mechanical or purely chemical bonds which generally lead to delamination of the copper layer, especially during drawing and / or other shaping steps.
- the metals used (implemented) during step i) of forming a copper or copper alloy layer around an aluminum or aluminum alloy core by casting may be:
- the aluminum or aluminum alloy When the aluminum or aluminum alloy is in the solid state, it can be in the form of a solid bar, in particular of round section, rectangular or any other shape.
- step i) is a step i-1) in which copper or a copper alloy in the liquid state is poured on aluminum or an aluminum alloy in the solid state, or aluminum or an aluminum alloy in the solid state is immersed in copper or a copper alloy in the liquid state, in particular in a liquid bath of copper or a copper alloy.
- the casting temperature in step i-1) ranges from about 1086 ° C. to about 1400 ° C., and preferably from about 1090 ° C. to about 1200 ° C.
- the cooling during step i-1) of casting is carried out at a speed of at least 50 ° C / min, and of preferably at least 100 ° C / min, from the casting temperature to a temperature of less than or equal to about 660 ° C or to a temperature of less than or equal to about 300 ° C according to the next step set artwork.
- the temperature may be less than or equal to about 660 ° C when the next step is a hot rolling step; and the temperature may be less than or equal to about 300 ° C when the next step is a cold rolling step.
- the casting step i-1) can be carried out continuously.
- the casting step i-1) can be horizontal type, vertical type or performed using a rotating wheel, called "casting".
- continuous casting technology used in the invention include Southwire ® technology, Properzi ® technology, technology Contirod ®, technology “dip-forming", the Upcast ® technology or technology “direct chill casting ".
- step i) is a step i-2) during which a hollow element made of copper or copper alloy, in particular in the form of a tube, in particular of round section, trapezoidal, triangular or any other shape, is preformed from copper or a copper alloy in the liquid state; then said hollow element is cooled; then the hollow element is filled with aluminum or an aluminum alloy in the liquid state; then the whole obtained is cooled.
- a hollow element made of copper or copper alloy in particular in the form of a tube, in particular of round section, trapezoidal, triangular or any other shape
- the casting temperature during the preforming step of the hollow member is from about 1086 ° C to about 1400 ° C, and preferably from about 1090 ° C to about 1200 ° C.
- the cooling of the hollow element is carried out at a speed of at least 50 ° C / min, and preferably at least 100 ° C / min, from the casting temperature to a temperature of less than or equal to about 900 ° C.
- the casting temperature during the filling step of the hollow element ranges from about 661 ° C. to about 900 ° C., and preferably from about 670 ° C. to about 800 ° C.
- the cooling of the assembly is carried out at a speed of at least 50 ° C / min, and preferably at least 100 ° C / min, from the casting temperature to a maximum of a temperature of less than or equal to about 660 ° C or a temperature of less than or equal to about 300 ° C according to the following step.
- the temperature may be less than or equal to about 660 ° C when the next step is a hot rolling step; and the temperature may be less than or equal to about 300 ° C when the next step is a cold rolling step.
- the casting step i-2) can be carried out continuously.
- the casting step i-2) can be horizontal type, vertical type or performed using a rotating wheel, called "casting".
- continuous casting technology used in the invention include Southwire ® technology, Properzi ® technology, technology Contirod ®, the Upcast ® technology or the "direct chill casting” technology.
- the method may further comprise a step ii) of rolling after step i) of forming the copper or copper alloy layer.
- the rolling can be carried out hot or cold.
- the method may further comprise after step i) or step ii), a step iii) of drawing. This makes it possible to obtain an elongated electrically conductive element of the desired diameter.
- Step iii) can be performed with a line speed ranging from 600 m / min to about 3000 m / min.
- the method may further comprise after step iii) of drawing, a step iv) of annealing in line. This makes it possible to improve the elongation properties of the elongated electrically conductive element. It can also decreases its mechanical strength.
- Step iv) may be carried out at a temperature of from about 100 ° C to about 600 ° C, and preferably from about 200 ° C to about 500 ° C.
- Step iv) can lead to an elongation of at least about 20%, and preferably at least about 30%.
- step iv) is facilitated. This makes it possible to work at lower annealing temperatures, and thus avoid damaging the copper or copper alloy layer.
- the elongate electrically conductive element conforming to the first object can be obtained by a method according to the second object of the invention.
- the third subject of the present invention is an electrical cable comprising at least one elongate electrically conductive element as defined in the first subject of the invention or as obtained according to a method according to the second subject of the invention, and at least one polymer layer surrounding said elongate electrically conductive member.
- said polymer layer is in direct contact with the copper layer of the elongate electrically conductive member.
- the polymer layer may be an electrically insulating layer or an electrically insulating protective sheath.
- the term "electrically insulating layer” means a layer whose electrical conductivity can be more than 1.10 "8 S / m (at 25 ° C DC).
- the polymer layer comprises a polymeric material chosen from cross-linked and non-crosslinked polymers, polymers of the inorganic type and of the organic type.
- the polymeric material may be a homopolymer or a copolymer having thermoplastic and / or elastomeric properties.
- the polymers of the inorganic type may be polyorganosiloxanes.
- the organic type polymers may be polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyls or halogenated polymers such as fluorinated polymers (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) or chlorinated polymers (e.g., polyvinyl chloride PVC).
- fluorinated polymers e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE
- chlorinated polymers e.g., polyvinyl chloride PVC
- the polyolefins may be chosen from ethylene and propylene polymers.
- ethylene polymers such as linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPE), low density polyethylenes (LDPE), medium density polyethylenes (MDPE), high density polyethylenes (HDPE), copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), copolymers of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA), methyl acrylate (EMA), 2-hexylethyl acrylate (2HEA), ethylene copolymers and alpha-olefins such as polyethylene octene (PEO), ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPR), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers (EEA), or terpolymers of ethylene and propylene (EPT) such as, for example, terpolymers of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM).
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylenes
- LDPE low density polyethylenes
- MDPE medium density poly
- low density polyethylene means a polyethylene having a density of from about 0.91 to about 0.925.
- high density polyethylene means a polyethylene having a density ranging from about 0.94 to about 0.965.
- the polymer layer may comprise at least about 10% by weight, and preferably at least about 30% by weight of polymer (s), based on the total weight of the layer.
- the polymer layer may further comprise a hydrated flame retardant mineral filler. This hydrated flame retardant mineral filler acts mainly physically by decomposing endothermically (eg water release), which has the effect of lowering the temperature of the layer and limiting the spread of flame along the cable. In particular, we speak of flame retardancy properties, well known under the Anglicism "flame retardant”.
- the polymer layer may comprise from about 20% to about 70% by weight of hydrated flame retardant mineral filler based on the total weight of the layer.
- the hydrated flame retardant inorganic filler may be a metal hydroxide such as magnesium hydroxide or aluminum trihydroxide.
- the polymer layer preferably does not comprise halogenated compounds.
- halogenated compounds may be of any kind, such as, for example, fluorinated polymers or chlorinated polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), halogenated plasticizers, halogenated mineral fillers, etc.
- the polymer layer may further comprise at least one inert filler.
- the inert filler may be chalk, talc, or clay (eg kaolin).
- the polymer layer may comprise from about 5% to about 50% by weight of inert filler relative to the total weight of the layer.
- the polymer layer may comprise other additives well known to those skilled in the art such as plasticizers, reinforcing agents, etc.
- the polymer layer may have a thickness of at most about 3 mm, and preferably at most about 2 mm.
- the polymeric layer is preferably an extruded layer by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the electrical cable of the invention is preferably a low-voltage (in particular less than 6kV) or medium voltage (in particular 6 to 45-60 kV) energy cable.
- the cable of the invention may comprise several elongated electrically conductive elements in accordance with the first subject of the invention, in particular in the form of a strand.
- the polymer layer surrounds said elongate electrically conductive elements.
- the elongated electrically conductive elements are individually insulated and the cable comprises a plurality of polymer layers as defined above, each of the polymer layers individually surrounding each of the elongated electrically conductive elements.
- the electric cable according to the third object of the invention may be manufactured according to a method comprising at least the following steps: a. fabricating at least one elongated electrically conductive element conforming to the first object according to a manufacturing method according to the second subject of the invention, and
- the polymer layer is as defined in the third subject of the invention.
- the fourth subject of the present invention is a device comprising an electric cable according to the third object of the invention and at least one metal connector, characterized in that the metal connector is connected to at least one elongated electrically conductive element conforming to the first object of the invention. the invention or as obtained according to a method according to the second subject of the invention.
- the connector may be a crimping lug, and in particular a tinned copper standard lug, preferably with a grommet.
- the mechanical strength of the connector is improved and the maintenance of the electrical contact connector-elongated electrically conductive element is ensured.
- Figure 1 schematically shows a structure, in cross section, of an electric cable according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an electrical cable (1) according to the invention comprising an elongated electrically conductive element comprising an aluminum or aluminum alloy core (2) and a layer of copper or copper alloy (3) surrounding said aluminum or aluminum alloy core (2); and a polymer layer (4) surrounding said elongated electrically conductive member (2, 3).
- Example 1 Manufacture of Elongated Electrically Conductive Elements in Accordance with the Invention and not in Accordance with the Invention
- an elongated electrically conductive element A strand comprising 7 wires 0.302 mm in diameter, ie a total cross section of 0.5 mm 2 .
- an elongated electrically conductive element B strand comprising 7 wires of 0.674 mm in diameter, or a total cross section of 2.5 mm 2 , and
- an elongate electrically conductive element C unit wire 1.45 mm in diameter, ie a total cross section of 1.65 mm 2 .
- the copper contents of each of the elongated electrically conductive elements A, B and C were:
- the different drivers were prepared according to the following steps:
- step ii) a step of depositing copper on the CCA10 son of step i), by electroplating to reach the desired copper% by volume, said electroplating being carried out using:
- a stranding step for type A and B conductors v) a step of cutting the strands or wires into samples 15 cm in length; vi) a step of sheathing the samples with a heat-shrinkable polyolefin sheath having a crosslinking temperature of 105 ° C; and
- FIG. 2 shows the elongated electrically conductive element B-45 according to the invention (FIG. 2a) and by comparison the elongate electrically conductive element B-10 not in accordance with the invention (FIG. 2b).
- FIG. 3 shows a transverse micrographic section of the elongated electrically conductive element B-45 according to the invention (FIG. 3a) and by comparison a transverse micrographic section of the elongate electrically conductive element B-10 not in accordance with the invention ( Figure 2b), when they were exposed to salt spray for 48h, 88h, 176h and 360h.
- Figure 4 shows the mechanical strength of the lugs by tensile test (in Newton N) as a function of the salt spray exposure time (in hours) for the conductors A-0 (curve with the rounds), A-10 (curve with squares), A-30 (curve with triangles), A-45 (curve with diamonds), A-60 (curve with crosses) and A-100 (curve with dotted lines).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1653176A FR3050066A1 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2016-04-11 | ELECTRICAL CABLE WITH ENHANCED GALVANIC CORROSION RESISTANCE |
PCT/FR2017/050820 WO2017178734A1 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2017-04-06 | Electrical cable with improved resistance to galvanic corrosion |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3443563A1 true EP3443563A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
Family
ID=56855534
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17719663.1A Pending EP3443563A1 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2017-04-06 | Electrical cable with improved resistance to galvanic corrosion |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10734130B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3443563A1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN109074891A (en) |
FR (1) | FR3050066A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017178734A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11145434B2 (en) | 2019-05-08 | 2021-10-12 | Erico International Corporation | Low voltage power conductor and system |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190237896A1 (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Implementing ferrofluid power plug current indicator |
CN112908536B (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2023-05-23 | 杭州益利素勒精线有限公司 | High-performance copper-clad aluminum wire |
SE2250319A1 (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-02-28 | Mee Invest Scandinavia Ab | Aluminum and copper wires |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3463620A (en) * | 1968-02-28 | 1969-08-26 | Olin Mathieson | Cylindrical or rod-like composite article |
NL7103501A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1971-09-20 | ||
US3800405A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-04-02 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Method for producing copper-clad aluminum wire |
EP0093528B1 (en) * | 1982-05-04 | 1986-11-26 | Alcan International Limited | Improvements in casting metals |
AU635306B2 (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1993-03-18 | Fujikura Ltd. | High-conductivity copper-clad steel trolley wire and a method for manufacturing the same |
US5476725A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1995-12-19 | Aluminum Company Of America | Clad metallurgical products and methods of manufacture |
US5223349A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-06-29 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Copper clad aluminum composite wire |
FR2876493B1 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2007-01-12 | F S P One Soc Par Actions Simp | COPPER ALUMINUM TORONIC CABLE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
FR2881870B1 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2011-10-21 | Nexans | ELECTRIC WIRE WITH ALUMINUM OR ALUMINUM ALLOY |
CN2907973Y (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2007-06-06 | 辽宁工学院 | Continuous casting copper aluminium bimetal composite ingot casting device by down drawing type reverse coagulation method |
US20110079427A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-07 | Lakshmikant Suryakant Powale | Insulated non-halogenated covered aluminum conductor and wire harness assembly |
CN201584224U (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-09-15 | 傅氏国际(大连)双金属线缆有限公司 | Copper-clad aluminum wire production equipment |
CN102069162A (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2011-05-25 | 北京科技大学 | Continuous casting forming equipment and process method for electromagnetic ejection filling core of cladding material |
CN103649224B (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2016-02-10 | 普立万公司 | Non-halogenated fire retardant polycarbonate compound |
KR101914790B1 (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2018-11-02 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | copper clad aluminum wire, compressed conductor and cable including the same, manufacturing method of compressed conductor |
JP6529088B2 (en) * | 2013-09-21 | 2019-06-12 | アプライド コンポサイト マテリアル エルエルシーApplied Composite Material Llc | Preparation process and production system of copper-aluminum composite by isothermal method |
US20160133353A1 (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-12 | Li-Wen Liu | Multilayer Composite Conductor and Manufacturing Method Thereof |
CN105427921A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-03-23 | 广东中德电缆有限公司 | High temperature and high voltage resistant cable |
-
2016
- 2016-04-11 FR FR1653176A patent/FR3050066A1/en active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-04-06 CN CN201780023097.XA patent/CN109074891A/en active Pending
- 2017-04-06 US US16/092,145 patent/US10734130B2/en active Active
- 2017-04-06 EP EP17719663.1A patent/EP3443563A1/en active Pending
- 2017-04-06 CN CN202311833393.XA patent/CN118098672A/en active Pending
- 2017-04-06 WO PCT/FR2017/050820 patent/WO2017178734A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11145434B2 (en) | 2019-05-08 | 2021-10-12 | Erico International Corporation | Low voltage power conductor and system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109074891A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
CN118098672A (en) | 2024-05-28 |
FR3050066A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 |
US20190164660A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
WO2017178734A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
US10734130B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3443563A1 (en) | Electrical cable with improved resistance to galvanic corrosion | |
CA2047345C (en) | Telecommunications underwater optical fiber cable | |
CA2047346C (en) | Telecommunications underwater optical fiber cable | |
JP2016195124A (en) | Fatigue resistant metal waterproofing barrier in submarine power cable | |
US20060137898A1 (en) | Electrical cables | |
EP2765581B1 (en) | Electric cable resistant to partial discharges | |
EP1816656B1 (en) | Electric cable protected against corrosion | |
EP3358575B1 (en) | Electric cable resistant to partial discharges | |
EP3398194B1 (en) | Cable having a fire-resistant insulating layer | |
EP3422366A1 (en) | Cable comprising an electrically conductive element comprising metallised carbon fibres | |
EP3764372A1 (en) | Cable comprising a fire-resistant layer | |
EP2808874B1 (en) | Electric cable including at least one electrically insulating layer | |
EP2535901B1 (en) | Medium- or high-voltage cable with polyolefin sheath containing mineral fillers | |
FR3086791A1 (en) | CARBON-METAL MULTIBRIN CONDUCTIVE CORE FOR ELECTRIC CABLE | |
EP3913643A1 (en) | Cable having improved corrosion resistance | |
FR3066637B1 (en) | FIRE RESISTANT CABLE | |
FR3060022A1 (en) | ALUMINUM-ALUMINUM COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME | |
EP3828900A1 (en) | Cable comprising a fire-resistant layer | |
WO2017032933A1 (en) | Reflective protective sheath for a cable | |
EP3503125A1 (en) | Cable comprising at least one metallic layer of carbon material | |
FR3020714A1 (en) | LOW RESISTANCE LINEIC COMMUNICATION CABLE | |
EP3057102A1 (en) | Aluminium cable for transporting electrical energy | |
FR3029004A1 (en) | ELECTRICAL CABLE WITH ENHANCED EMISSIVITY |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20181112 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20200525 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: B21C 1/00 20060101ALI20231221BHEP Ipc: H01B 13/14 20060101ALI20231221BHEP Ipc: H01B 1/02 20060101AFI20231221BHEP |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20240130 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |