EP3442858B1 - Fairlead for guiding an anchoring element of an offshore structure - Google Patents

Fairlead for guiding an anchoring element of an offshore structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3442858B1
EP3442858B1 EP17718039.5A EP17718039A EP3442858B1 EP 3442858 B1 EP3442858 B1 EP 3442858B1 EP 17718039 A EP17718039 A EP 17718039A EP 3442858 B1 EP3442858 B1 EP 3442858B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jaw
guiding
fairlead
control
pawl
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EP17718039.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3442858A1 (en
Inventor
Arnaud TROUVE
Jean-Luc Menet
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Naval Energies SAS
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Naval Energies SAS
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Publication of EP3442858A1 publication Critical patent/EP3442858A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/04—Fastening or guiding equipment for chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like
    • B63B21/10—Fairleads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/18—Stoppers for anchor chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fairlead.
  • the invention relates to a fairlead for guiding an anchoring element of an offshore structure, such as a floating structure, at an anchoring point.
  • this invention may relate to a fairlead associated with an offshore structure, such as for example floating power generation or other supports, construction platforms, drilling platforms, loading and lifting buoys. unloading or even floating platforms for the exploitation of marine renewable energies, such as for example installations based on offshore wind turbines or even factories producing energy based on thermal energy from the seas ...
  • Such floating structures must be kept in position, while they are subjected to different forces and in particular to drift forces generated for example by sea currents, swells, winds ...
  • anchoring means are used, for example, using a set of anchoring lines formed wholly or partly of chains, in particular at their ends.
  • Such lines are then arranged for example regularly around the structure to be moored or anchored, and extend between this structure and respective mooring and anchoring points, for example on the bottom.
  • fairleads are indeed mechanical devices which comprise means for fixing and hooking on the floating structure and means for guiding a chain.
  • fairleads are also associated in one way or another, with means for tensioning these chains and with means for blocking the chains in order to moor this structure.
  • the tensioning means may include, for example, winches or windlasses or the like.
  • the chain blocking means are also called in the prior art, chain stoppers.
  • this fairlead comprises means for guiding the anchoring element, which is in the form of a chain, and means for locking in position of this chain, comprising means in the form of blocking jaw comprising two blocking jaws, movable, by maneuvering means actuated by control means, between an active position of blocking in translation of the anchoring element and an open position for releasing this anchoring element .
  • these jaw-shaped means comprise two blocking jaws which are moved by the maneuvering means actuated by the control means, between an active closed position for translational blocking of the chain and a retracted open position for releasing this chain. chain.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.
  • the invention relates to a guide fairlead according to claim 1.
  • the fairlead according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the features of claims 2 to 10.
  • the invention also relates to an offshore floating structure according to claim 11.
  • an offshore structure such as for example a floating structure, which is designated by the general reference 1.
  • This structure 1 is moored to the bottom 2, by means of anchoring and mooring means.
  • anchoring and mooring means comprise for example anchoring lines, constituted for example by chains.
  • One of these mooring and anchoring chains is for example designated by the general reference 3.
  • This chain 3 is associated with an anchoring and mooring point on the bottom 2, and its other end is associated with the floating structure, for example through a fairlead, designated by the reference general 5 on this figure 1 .
  • Such anchoring and mooring lines and such fairleads are, for example, regularly distributed around the floating structure 1 and then make it possible to anchor and moor the latter on the bottom, to keep it in position.
  • This fairlead 5 then makes it possible for example to guide the anchoring element 3, to put it under tension and to block it in position, in order to maintain the offshore structure in position, as has been described previously.
  • This guide fairlead is always designated by the general reference 5 on this figure 3 .
  • This guide fairlead 5 then comprises means for fixing to the floating structure, these fixing means being designated by the general reference 10 on this figure 3 .
  • These fixing means 10 comprise any suitable fixing plate, intended to be fixed for example by welding, bolting or the like, on the floating structure.
  • Means 11 for guiding the anchoring element 3 are mounted for example in an articulated manner on this fixing plate 10.
  • These guide means 11 then comprise means for guiding in translation the anchoring element in the fairlead, making it possible to tension this anchoring element.
  • these guide means 11 also comprise blocking means capable of blocking the translation of the anchoring element in the guide means, for mooring the offshore structure and for example floating, on the corresponding anchoring point.
  • the blocking means are designated by the general reference 12 and comprise means in the form of a jaw for blocking the anchoring element.
  • These jaw-shaped means are designated by the general reference 13 in these figures and comprise for example two blocking jaws, respectively 14 and 15, which are articulated on the rest of the fairlead.
  • These blocking jaws 14 and 15 are movable by maneuvering means, actuated by control means, between a closed position for locking in translation of the anchoring element 3 and an open position for releasing this anchoring element .
  • the means for controlling these blocking means must maintain an action on the operating means to keep them in the open position for releasing the anchoring element.
  • the jaw-shaped means close under the effect for example of an elastic stress or a counterweight or the like, to block the anchoring element.
  • control means are impulse control means and the maneuvering means comprise ratchet means defining successive stable open and closed positions, jaw-shaped means.
  • the successive pulses of the control means make it possible to command a tilting of the maneuvering means between the successive stable open and closed positions of the jaw-shaped means.
  • ratchet means are used for example which will be described in more detail.
  • This traction cable 17 is in fact a cable which allows for example an operator to control the opening or closing position of the jaw-shaped means 13.
  • this traction cable 17 is used to operate a control finger 18 of the jaw-shaped means, this finger being associated with the pawl means designated by the general reference 16.
  • ratchet means 16 themselves comprise an output control cable, designated by the general reference 19, connected for example to the control finger 18 and making it possible to control the jaw-shaped means 13.
  • the traction cable designated by the general reference 17, allows, as illustrated in the Figures 6 and 7 , to move the control finger 18 of the jaw-shaped means 13, between stable open and closed positions thereof.
  • control means and more particularly the ratchet means designated by the general reference 16 are in fact provided in a control box, designated by the general reference 20, fixed on one side of the fairlead.
  • this control unit 20 comprises a fitting, fixed for example by screwing or the like to the rest of the fairlead and more particularly to a side of it and even more specifically on one side of the guide means 11 of the fairlead.
  • This control unit 20 then comprises two flanges such as for example flanges 21 and 22, facing one another and between which is placed the control finger 18 of the jaw-shaped means.
  • This control finger 18 is then movable between the flanges 21 and 22 of the control unit 20, along a displacement path 23 defined for example according to the shape of a path with closed contour, by guide grooves formed in the facing surfaces of these two flanges 21 and 22.
  • control finger 18 is then movable along a closed path which defines with the ratchet means 16, two stable positions of the jaw-shaped means 13.
  • the pawl means comprise a first pawl designated for example by the general reference 25, provided between the flanges 21 and 22 of the control unit.
  • This first pawl 25 is then pivotally mounted in the control box, which allows, for example when the control finger 18 moves forward, between these flanges 21 and 22 of the box, at this first pawl 25 of retract, to allow the control finger 18 to pass, before returning to its locking position in a stable position corresponding to the stable open position of the jaws and therefore jaw-shaped means for releasing the anchoring element .
  • control finger 18 has commanded the opening of the jaw-shaped means 13, and if the traction cable 17 is released, the control finger 18 comes to bear against this first pawl 25.
  • This first pawl 25 maintains the control finger 18 in this open position PO of the jaw-shaped means 13.
  • control finger 18 passes from the open position PO jaw-shaped means 13, towards a closed position PF thereof, by crossing a second pawl designated by the general reference 27, on this figure 6 .
  • This second pawl 27 is in fact a non-return pawl, for guiding the control finger 18, in a free return path from the latter to its stable closing position PF of the jaw-shaped means.
  • the grooves of the flanges and for example the groove 24 of the flange 21, in fact comprise two path portions, namely a first path portion allowing the control finger 18, following a first pulse of traction on the control cable 17, to pass from its stable closing position PF of the jaw-shaped means, to its stable opening position PO of these jaw-shaped means, by crossing the first pawl 25 and being maintained in this stable opening position by this first pawl.
  • control finger 18 Following a second pulling pulse on the control cable 17, the control finger 18 then crosses the second pawl 27, and the action can then be released on this control cable to allow the finger 18, guided by the second non-return pawl, to follow the return path of this finger 18, towards its stable position for closing the jaw-shaped means and therefore for blocking the anchoring element of the structure.
  • This control finger 18 is then connected, as indicated above, by a control cable to the jaw-shaped means 13.
  • This control cable is for example illustrated on the figures 3 and 4 and is designated by reference 29.
  • this control cable 29 is adapted to actuate jaw operating levers 14 and 15 of the jaw-shaped means 13.
  • these jaw operating levers are designated by the general references 30 and 31.
  • Each of these levers 30 and 31 is then adapted to actuate one of the jaws of the jaw-shaped means and / or to pivot these between their closed position and their open position.
  • a single control cable 29 is used to move, for example, the lever 30.
  • the two levers 30 and 31 in fact comprise notched sails such as for example the sails 32 and 33, as illustrated in this figure 4 .
  • notched sails 32 and 33 are then coupled to one another and actuated by a single control cable 29, while being synchronized in their movements.
  • the jaw maneuvering means of the jaw-shaped means also include, for example, means forming a counterweight, which are coupled, for example, to the jaw-shaped means 13, to urge them into the closed position and therefore to blocking of the anchoring and mooring element of the structure.
  • these counterweight means are designated by the general reference 40.
  • These counterweight means 40 are for example associated with the jaw-shaped means, for example at their articulation means on the rest of the fairlead, to urge them into the closed position.
  • a traction pulse on the traction cable is sufficient to cause a displacement of the operating means between a closed closed position and a stable open position of the jaw-shaped means.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un chaumard.The present invention relates to a fairlead.

De façon plus spécifique, l'invention concerne un chaumard de guidage d'un élément d'ancrage d'une structure offshore, telle qu'une structure flottante, à un point d'ancrage.More specifically, the invention relates to a fairlead for guiding an anchoring element of an offshore structure, such as a floating structure, at an anchoring point.

De façon plus particulière, cette invention peut se rapporter à un chaumard associé à une structure offshore, telle que par exemple des supports flottants de production d'énergie ou autres, des plateformes de construction, des plateformes de forage, des bouées de chargement et de déchargement voire des plateformes flottantes pour l'exploitation des énergies marines renouvelables, telles que par exemple des installations à base d'éoliennes offshore ou encore des usines de production d'énergie à base d'énergie thermique des mers...More particularly, this invention may relate to a fairlead associated with an offshore structure, such as for example floating power generation or other supports, construction platforms, drilling platforms, loading and lifting buoys. unloading or even floating platforms for the exploitation of marine renewable energies, such as for example installations based on offshore wind turbines or even factories producing energy based on thermal energy from the seas ...

De telles structures flottantes doivent être maintenues en position, alors qu'elles sont soumises à différentes forces et en particulier à des efforts de dérive engendrés par exemple par des courants marins, la houle, les vents...Such floating structures must be kept in position, while they are subjected to different forces and in particular to drift forces generated for example by sea currents, swells, winds ...

Pour maintenir ces structures en position par exemple sur un site d'exploitation, on utilise par exemple des moyens d'ancrage mettant en oeuvre un ensemble de lignes d'ancrage constituées en totalité ou en partie de chaînes en particulier à leurs extrémités.To maintain these structures in position, for example on an operating site, anchoring means are used, for example, using a set of anchoring lines formed wholly or partly of chains, in particular at their ends.

De telles lignes sont alors disposées par exemple régulièrement autour de la structure à amarrer ou à ancrer, et s'étendent entre cette structure et des points d'amarrage et d'ancrage respectifs, par exemple sur le fond.Such lines are then arranged for example regularly around the structure to be moored or anchored, and extend between this structure and respective mooring and anchoring points, for example on the bottom.

On conçoit alors que les lignes d'amarrage et d'ancrage dont les premières extrémités sous forme de chaîne sont accrochées sur ces points d'amarrage et d'ancrage, remontent jusqu'à l'unité flottante et sont associées à celle-ci, à travers des moyens de guidage d'entrée de chaînes.It can therefore be seen that the mooring and anchoring lines, the first ends of which in the form of a chain are hooked on these mooring and anchoring points, go up to the floating unit and are associated with it, through chain entry guide means.

Ces moyens de guidage sont également connus dans le domaine technique, sous le nom de chaumards.These guide means are also known in the technical field, under the name of fairleads.

Ces chaumards sont en effet des dispositifs mécaniques qui comportent des moyens de fixation et d'accrochage sur la structure flottante et des moyens de guidage d'une chaîne.These fairleads are indeed mechanical devices which comprise means for fixing and hooking on the floating structure and means for guiding a chain.

Ces chaumards sont également associés d'une façon ou d'une autre, à des moyens de mise sous tension de ces chaînes et à des moyens de blocage des chaînes afin d'amarrer cette structure.These fairleads are also associated in one way or another, with means for tensioning these chains and with means for blocking the chains in order to moor this structure.

Les moyens de mise sous tension peuvent comporter par exemple des treuils ou des guindeaux ou autres.The tensioning means may include, for example, winches or windlasses or the like.

Les moyens de blocage des chaînes sont également appelés dans l'état de la technique, stoppeurs de chaînes.The chain blocking means are also called in the prior art, chain stoppers.

Différents modes de réalisation de ces différents moyens sont déjà connus dans l'état de la technique.Different embodiments of these different means are already known in the state of the art.

Ainsi par exemple, le document FR A 2 984 272 décrit un chaumard pour une telle application.So for example, the document FR A 2 984 272 describes a fairlead for such an application.

En fait et de façon générale, ce chaumard comporte des moyens de guidage de l'élément d'ancrage, qui se présente sous la forme d'une chaîne, et des moyens de verrouillage en position de cette chaîne, comportant des moyens en forme de mâchoire de blocage comprenant deux mors de blocage, déplaçables, par des moyens de manœuvre actionnés par des moyens de commande, entre une position active de blocage en translation de l'élément d'ancrage et une position ouverte de libération de cet élément d'ancrage.In fact and in general, this fairlead comprises means for guiding the anchoring element, which is in the form of a chain, and means for locking in position of this chain, comprising means in the form of blocking jaw comprising two blocking jaws, movable, by maneuvering means actuated by control means, between an active position of blocking in translation of the anchoring element and an open position for releasing this anchoring element .

En fait, ces moyens en forme de mâchoire comportent deux mors de blocage qui sont déplacés par les moyens de manœuvre actionnés par les moyens de commande, entre une position active fermée de blocage en translation de la chaîne et une position escamotée ouverte de libération de cette chaîne.In fact, these jaw-shaped means comprise two blocking jaws which are moved by the maneuvering means actuated by the control means, between an active closed position for translational blocking of the chain and a retracted open position for releasing this chain. chain.

Bien entendu d'autres exemples de réalisation de ces chaumards sont connus dans l'état de la technique.Of course other embodiments of these fairleads are known in the state of the art.

Cependant tous ces chaumards et en particulier les moyens de commande des moyens en forme de mâchoire de blocage, présentent un point commun.However, all these fairleads, and in particular the means for controlling the means in the form of a locking jaw, have one thing in common.

En effet ils nécessitent le maintien d'une action et d'une commande sur un actionneur pour maintenir les moyens en forme de mâchoire, en position ouverte de libération de la chaîne.In fact, they require the maintenance of an action and a command on an actuator to maintain the jaw-shaped means in the open position for release of the chain.

On conçoit que ceci présente un certain nombre d'inconvénients au niveau de la fiabilité de fonctionnement du système et du maintien de l'alimentation par exemple d'un actionneur hydraulique ou pneumatique, etc., pour obtenir ce déblocage et la libération de l'élément d'ancrage.It is understood that this has a certain number of drawbacks in terms of the reliability of operation of the system and the maintenance of the supply, for example of a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator, etc., in order to obtain this release and the release of the anchor element.

Le but de l'invention est donc de résoudre ces problèmes.The object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un chaumard de guidage selon la revendication 1.To this end, the invention relates to a guide fairlead according to claim 1.

Le chaumard selon l'invention peut comprendre, en outre, une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques des revendications 2 à 10.The fairlead according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the features of claims 2 to 10.

L'invention porte également sur une structure offshore flottante selon la revendication 11.The invention also relates to an offshore floating structure according to claim 11.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue schématique de côté, d'une structure offshore équipée d'au moins un chaumard selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente une vue en perspective d'une partie d'une telle structure offshore montrant l'implantation d'un chaumard selon l'invention sur celle-ci,
  • la figure 3 représente une vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation d'un chaumard selon l'invention,
  • les figures 4 et 5 représentent des vues en perspective de détails de moyens en forme de mâchoire entrant dans la constitution d'un chaumard selon l'invention ; et
  • les figures 6 et 7 représentent respectivement des vues de côté et en perspective d'un boîtier de commande entrant dans la constitution d'un chaumard selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents a schematic side view of an offshore structure equipped with at least one fairlead according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 represents a perspective view of part of such an offshore structure showing the installation of a fairlead according to the invention thereon,
  • the figure 3 represents a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a fairlead according to the invention,
  • the figures 4 and 5 represent perspective views of details of jaw-shaped means forming part of a fairlead according to the invention; and
  • the Figures 6 and 7 respectively represent side and perspective views of a control unit forming part of a fairlead according to the invention.

On a en effet illustré sur ces figures et en particulier sur la figure 1, une structure offshore telle que par exemple une structure flottante, qui est désignée par la référence générale 1.We have indeed illustrated in these figures and in particular on the figure 1 , an offshore structure such as for example a floating structure, which is designated by the general reference 1.

Cette structure 1 est amarrée sur le fond 2, par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'ancrage et d'amarrage.This structure 1 is moored to the bottom 2, by means of anchoring and mooring means.

Ces moyens d'ancrage et d'amarrage comprennent par exemple des lignes d'ancrage, constituées par exemple par des chaînes.These anchoring and mooring means comprise for example anchoring lines, constituted for example by chains.

L'une de ces chaînes d'amarrage et d'ancrage est par exemple désignée par la référence générale 3.One of these mooring and anchoring chains is for example designated by the general reference 3.

L'une des extrémités de cette chaîne 3 est associée à un point d'ancrage et d'amarrage sur le fond 2, et son autre extrémité est associée à la structure flottante, à travers par exemple un chaumard de guidage, désigné par la référence générale 5 sur cette figure 1.One end of this chain 3 is associated with an anchoring and mooring point on the bottom 2, and its other end is associated with the floating structure, for example through a fairlead, designated by the reference general 5 on this figure 1 .

De telles lignes d'ancrage et d'amarrage et de tels chaumards sont par exemple régulièrement répartis autour de la structure flottante 1 et permettent alors d'ancrer et d'amarrer celle-ci sur le fond, pour la maintenir en position.Such anchoring and mooring lines and such fairleads are, for example, regularly distributed around the floating structure 1 and then make it possible to anchor and moor the latter on the bottom, to keep it in position.

Sur la figure 2, on a représenté de façon plus détaillée, l'implantation d'un tel chaumard.On the figure 2 , there is shown in more detail, the establishment of such a fairlead.

Sur cette figure 2, on reconnait en effet la structure offshore flottante, désignée par la référence générale 1, la ligne d'ancrage et d'amarrage de celle-ci, constituée par la chaîne désignée par la référence générale 3, et le chaumard désigné par la référence générale 5.On this figure 2 , we recognize the floating offshore structure, designated by the general reference 1, the anchoring and mooring line thereof, constituted by the chain designated by the general reference 3, and the fairlead designated by the general reference 5.

Ce chaumard 5 permet alors par exemple de guider l'élément d'ancrage 3, de le mettre sous tension et de le bloquer en position, afin de maintenir la structure offshore en position, comme cela a été décrit précédemment.This fairlead 5 then makes it possible for example to guide the anchoring element 3, to put it under tension and to block it in position, in order to maintain the offshore structure in position, as has been described previously.

On a représenté sur la figure 3, un exemple de réalisation possible d'un tel chaumard.We have represented on the figure 3 , an example of possible realization of such a fairlead.

Ce chaumard de guidage est toujours désigné par la référence générale 5 sur cette figure 3.This guide fairlead is always designated by the general reference 5 on this figure 3 .

Ce chaumard de guidage 5 comporte alors des moyens de fixation sur la structure flottante, ces moyens de fixation étant désignés par la référence générale 10 sur cette figure 3.This guide fairlead 5 then comprises means for fixing to the floating structure, these fixing means being designated by the general reference 10 on this figure 3 .

Ces moyens de fixation 10 comprennent toute platine de fixation appropriée, destinée à être fixée par exemple par soudage, boulonnage ou autre, sur la structure flottante.These fixing means 10 comprise any suitable fixing plate, intended to be fixed for example by welding, bolting or the like, on the floating structure.

Des moyens 11 de guidage de l'élément d'ancrage 3 sont montés par exemple de façon articulée sur cette platine de fixation 10.Means 11 for guiding the anchoring element 3 are mounted for example in an articulated manner on this fixing plate 10.

Ces moyens de guidage 11 comprennent alors des moyens de guidage en translation de l'élément d'ancrage dans le chaumard, permettant de mettre sous tension cet élément d'ancrage.These guide means 11 then comprise means for guiding in translation the anchoring element in the fairlead, making it possible to tension this anchoring element.

De plus ces moyens de guidage 11 comprennent également des moyens de blocage aptes à bloquer la translation de l'élément d'ancrage dans les moyens de guidage, pour amarrer la structure offshore et par exemple flottante, sur le point d'ancrage correspondant.In addition, these guide means 11 also comprise blocking means capable of blocking the translation of the anchoring element in the guide means, for mooring the offshore structure and for example floating, on the corresponding anchoring point.

En fait et comme cela est illustré sur les figures 3, 4 et 5, les moyens de blocage sont désignés par la référence générale 12 et comportent des moyens en forme de mâchoire de blocage de l'élément d'ancrage.In fact and as illustrated in the figures 3 , 4 and 5 , the blocking means are designated by the general reference 12 and comprise means in the form of a jaw for blocking the anchoring element.

Ces moyens en forme de mâchoire sont désignés par la référence générale 13 sur ces figures et comprennent par exemple deux mors de blocage, respectivement 14 et 15, qui sont articulés sur le reste du chaumard.These jaw-shaped means are designated by the general reference 13 in these figures and comprise for example two blocking jaws, respectively 14 and 15, which are articulated on the rest of the fairlead.

Ces mors de blocage 14 et 15 sont déplaçables par des moyens de manœuvre, actionnés par des moyens de commande, entre une position fermée de blocage en translation de l'élément d'ancrage 3 et une position ouverte de libération de cet élément d'ancrage.These blocking jaws 14 and 15 are movable by maneuvering means, actuated by control means, between a closed position for locking in translation of the anchoring element 3 and an open position for releasing this anchoring element .

Comme cela a été indiqué précédemment, dans l'état de la technique, les moyens de commande de ces moyens de blocage doivent maintenir une action sur les moyens de manœuvre pour les maintenir en position ouverte de libération de l'élément d'ancrage.As indicated above, in the prior art, the means for controlling these blocking means must maintain an action on the operating means to keep them in the open position for releasing the anchoring element.

Si l'action n'est pas maintenue, les moyens en forme de mâchoire se referment sous l'effet par exemple d'une sollicitation élastique ou d'un contrepoids ou autre, pour bloquer l'élément d'ancrage.If the action is not maintained, the jaw-shaped means close under the effect for example of an elastic stress or a counterweight or the like, to block the anchoring element.

Dans le chaumard selon l'invention, les moyens de commande sont des moyens de commande à impulsion et les moyens de manœuvre comprennent des moyens à cliquets définissant des positions stables successives ouverte et fermée, des moyens en forme de mâchoire.In the fairlead according to the invention, the control means are impulse control means and the maneuvering means comprise ratchet means defining successive stable open and closed positions, jaw-shaped means.

On conçoit alors que selon le fonctionnement de ces moyens, les impulsions successives des moyens de commande permettent de commander un basculement des moyens de manœuvre entre les positions stables successives ouverte et fermée des moyens en forme de mâchoire.It will then be understood that, according to the operation of these means, the successive pulses of the control means make it possible to command a tilting of the maneuvering means between the successive stable open and closed positions of the jaw-shaped means.

A cet effet, on utilise par exemple des moyens à cliquets qui vont être décrits plus en détails.For this purpose, ratchet means are used for example which will be described in more detail.

Un exemple de réalisation de tels moyens à cliquets, désignés par la référence générale 16, est en effet donné sur ces figures.An exemplary embodiment of such ratchet means, designated by the general reference 16, is in fact given in these figures.

En particulier sur la figure 3, on voit que ces moyens 16 sont reliés par l'intermédiaire d'un câble de traction 17 au reste de la structure.Especially on the figure 3 , we see that these means 16 are connected via a traction cable 17 to the rest of the structure.

Ce câble de traction 17 est en fait un câble qui permet par exemple à un opérateur, de commander la position d'ouverture ou de fermeture des moyens en forme de mâchoire 13.This traction cable 17 is in fact a cable which allows for example an operator to control the opening or closing position of the jaw-shaped means 13.

Dans l'invention, ce câble de traction 17 sert à manœuvrer un doigt de commande 18 des moyens en forme de mâchoire, ce doigt étant associé aux moyens à cliquets désignés par la référence générale 16.In the invention, this traction cable 17 is used to operate a control finger 18 of the jaw-shaped means, this finger being associated with the pawl means designated by the general reference 16.

Ces moyens à cliquets 16 comprennent eux-mêmes un câble de commande de sortie, désigné par la référence générale 19, relié par exemple au doigt de commande 18 et permettant de piloter les moyens en forme de mâchoire 13.These ratchet means 16 themselves comprise an output control cable, designated by the general reference 19, connected for example to the control finger 18 and making it possible to control the jaw-shaped means 13.

En fait, le câble de traction désigné par la référence générale 17, permet comme cela est illustré sur les figures 6 et 7, de déplacer le doigt de commande 18 des moyens en forme de mâchoire 13, entre des positions stables d'ouverture et de fermeture de ceux-ci.In fact, the traction cable designated by the general reference 17, allows, as illustrated in the Figures 6 and 7 , to move the control finger 18 of the jaw-shaped means 13, between stable open and closed positions thereof.

Comme cela est illustré sur ces figures 6 et 7, les moyens de commande et plus particulièrement les moyens à cliquets désignés par la référence générale 16, sont en fait prévus dans un boîtier de commande, désigné par la référence générale 20, fixé sur un côté du chaumard.As illustrated in these Figures 6 and 7 , the control means and more particularly the ratchet means designated by the general reference 16, are in fact provided in a control box, designated by the general reference 20, fixed on one side of the fairlead.

Ainsi, par exemple, ce boîtier de commande 20 comporte une ferrure, fixée par exemple par vissage ou autre sur le reste du chaumard et plus particulièrement sur un côté de celui-ci et de façon plus spécifique encore sur un côté des moyens de guidage 11 du chaumard.Thus, for example, this control unit 20 comprises a fitting, fixed for example by screwing or the like to the rest of the fairlead and more particularly to a side of it and even more specifically on one side of the guide means 11 of the fairlead.

Ce boîtier de commande 20 comporte alors deux flasques tels que par exemple des flasques 21 et 22, en regard l'un de l'autre et entre lesquels est disposé le doigt de commande 18 des moyens en forme de mâchoire.This control unit 20 then comprises two flanges such as for example flanges 21 and 22, facing one another and between which is placed the control finger 18 of the jaw-shaped means.

Ce doigt de commande 18 est alors déplaçable entre les flasques 21 et 22 du boîtier de commande 20, le long d'un chemin de déplacement 23 défini par exemple selon la forme d'un trajet à contour fermé, par des rainures de guidage ménagées dans les surfaces en regard de ces deux flasques 21 et 22.This control finger 18 is then movable between the flanges 21 and 22 of the control unit 20, along a displacement path 23 defined for example according to the shape of a path with closed contour, by guide grooves formed in the facing surfaces of these two flanges 21 and 22.

Ces rainures de guidage sont alors adaptées pour recevoir et guider les extrémités correspondantes de ce doigt de commande 18.These guide grooves are then adapted to receive and guide the corresponding ends of this control finger 18.

On a par exemple illustré sur la figure 6, un exemple de réalisation d'une telle rainure, qui est désignée par la référence générale 24 et qui est formée dans le flasque 21 du boîtier 20.We have for example illustrated on the figure 6 , an exemplary embodiment of such a groove, which is designated by the general reference 24 and which is formed in the flange 21 of the housing 20.

Le doigt de commande 18 est alors déplaçable le long d'un trajet fermé qui définit avec les moyens à cliquets 16, deux positions stables des moyens en forme de mâchoire 13.The control finger 18 is then movable along a closed path which defines with the ratchet means 16, two stable positions of the jaw-shaped means 13.

En effet, et comme cela est illustré sur ces figures, les moyens à cliquets comportent un premier cliquet désigné par exemple par la référence générale 25, prévu entre les flasques 21 et 22 du boîtier de commande.Indeed, and as illustrated in these figures, the pawl means comprise a first pawl designated for example by the general reference 25, provided between the flanges 21 and 22 of the control unit.

Ce premier cliquet 25 est alors monté basculant dans le boîtier de commande, ce qui permet, par exemple lorsque le doigt de commande 18 se déplace vers l'avant, entre ces flasques 21 et 22 du boîtier, à ce premier cliquet 25 de s'escamoter, pour laisser passer le doigt de commande 18, avant de revenir en position de blocage de celui-ci dans une position stable correspondant à la position stable ouverte des mors et donc des moyens en forme de mâchoire pour libérer l'élément d'ancrage.This first pawl 25 is then pivotally mounted in the control box, which allows, for example when the control finger 18 moves forward, between these flanges 21 and 22 of the box, at this first pawl 25 of retract, to allow the control finger 18 to pass, before returning to its locking position in a stable position corresponding to the stable open position of the jaws and therefore jaw-shaped means for releasing the anchoring element .

En effet le doigt de commande 18 a commandé l'ouverture des moyens en forme de mâchoire 13, et si l'on relâche le câble de traction 17, le doigt de commande 18 vient en appui contre ce premier cliquet 25.In fact the control finger 18 has commanded the opening of the jaw-shaped means 13, and if the traction cable 17 is released, the control finger 18 comes to bear against this first pawl 25.

Ce premier cliquet 25 maintient le doigt de commande 18 dans cette position d'ouverture PO des moyens en forme de mâchoire 13.This first pawl 25 maintains the control finger 18 in this open position PO of the jaw-shaped means 13.

Lors d'une nouvelle commande impulsionnelle de ces moyens, c'est-à-dire lors d'une nouvelle action par exemple d'un opérateur sur le câble de traction 17, le doigt de commande 18 passe alors de la position d'ouverture PO des moyens en forme de mâchoire 13, vers une position de fermeture PF de ceux-ci, en franchissant un deuxième cliquet désigné par la référence générale 27, sur cette figure 6.During a new impulse control of these means, that is to say during a new action for example of an operator on the traction cable 17, the control finger 18 then passes from the open position PO jaw-shaped means 13, towards a closed position PF thereof, by crossing a second pawl designated by the general reference 27, on this figure 6 .

Ce deuxième cliquet 27 est en fait un cliquet d'anti-retour, de guidage du doigt de commande 18, dans un trajet libre de retour de celui-ci vers sa position stable de fermeture PF des moyens en forme de mâchoire.This second pawl 27 is in fact a non-return pawl, for guiding the control finger 18, in a free return path from the latter to its stable closing position PF of the jaw-shaped means.

Comme cela est illustré, les rainures des flasques, et par exemple la rainure 24 du flasque 21, comportent en effet deux portions de trajet, à savoir une première portion de trajet permettant au doigt de commande 18, à la suite d'une première impulsion de traction sur le câble de commande 17, de passer de sa position stable de fermeture PF des moyens en forme de mâchoire, à sa position stable d'ouverture PO de ces moyens en forme de mâchoire, en franchissant le premier cliquet 25 et en étant maintenu dans cette position stable d'ouverture par ce premier cliquet.As illustrated, the grooves of the flanges, and for example the groove 24 of the flange 21, in fact comprise two path portions, namely a first path portion allowing the control finger 18, following a first pulse of traction on the control cable 17, to pass from its stable closing position PF of the jaw-shaped means, to its stable opening position PO of these jaw-shaped means, by crossing the first pawl 25 and being maintained in this stable opening position by this first pawl.

A la suite d'une deuxième impulsion de traction sur le câble de commande 17, le doigt de commande 18 franchit alors le deuxième cliquet 27, et l'action peut alors être relâchée sur ce câble de commande pour permettre au doigt 18, guidé par le deuxième cliquet d'anti-retour, de suivre le trajet de retour de ce doigt 18, vers sa position stable de fermeture des moyens en forme de mâchoire et donc de blocage de l'élément d'ancrage de la structure.Following a second pulling pulse on the control cable 17, the control finger 18 then crosses the second pawl 27, and the action can then be released on this control cable to allow the finger 18, guided by the second non-return pawl, to follow the return path of this finger 18, towards its stable position for closing the jaw-shaped means and therefore for blocking the anchoring element of the structure.

Ceci permet ainsi de définir deux positions stables successives du doigt de commande par commande par impulsion du câble de traction de celui-ci.This thus makes it possible to define two successive stable positions of the control finger by impulse control of the traction cable thereof.

Ce doigt de commande 18 est alors relié, comme cela a été indiqué précédemment, par un câble de commande aux moyens en forme de mâchoire 13.This control finger 18 is then connected, as indicated above, by a control cable to the jaw-shaped means 13.

Ce câble de commande est par exemple illustré sur les figures 3 et 4 et est désigné par la référence 29.This control cable is for example illustrated on the figures 3 and 4 and is designated by reference 29.

En fait et comme cela est illustré, ce câble de commande 29 est adapté pour actionner des leviers de manœuvre des mors 14 et 15 des moyens en forme de mâchoire 13.In fact and as illustrated, this control cable 29 is adapted to actuate jaw operating levers 14 and 15 of the jaw-shaped means 13.

Dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 4, ces leviers de manœuvre des mors sont désignés par les références générales 30 et 31.In the example illustrated on the figure 4 , these jaw operating levers are designated by the general references 30 and 31.

Chacun de ces leviers 30 et 31 est alors adapté pour actionner l'un des mors des moyens en forme de mâchoire et/ou faire pivoter ceux-ci entre leur position de fermeture et leur position d'ouverture.Each of these levers 30 and 31 is then adapted to actuate one of the jaws of the jaw-shaped means and / or to pivot these between their closed position and their open position.

Dans l'exemple décrit, un seul câble de commande 29 est utilisé pour déplacer par exemple le levier 30.In the example described, a single control cable 29 is used to move, for example, the lever 30.

Dans cet exemple également, les deux leviers 30 et 31 comprennent en fait des voiles crantés comme par exemple les voiles 32 et 33, comme cela est illustré sur cette figure 4.In this example also, the two levers 30 and 31 in fact comprise notched sails such as for example the sails 32 and 33, as illustrated in this figure 4 .

En fait, ces voiles crantés 32 et 33 sont alors accouplés l'un à l'autre et actionnés grâce à un seul câble de commande 29, tout en étant synchronisés dans leurs déplacements.In fact, these notched sails 32 and 33 are then coupled to one another and actuated by a single control cable 29, while being synchronized in their movements.

En effet, on conçoit qu'en manœuvrant le câble de commande 29, on fait ainsi pivoter les deux mors 14 et 15 des moyens en forme de mâchoire 13, en synchronisme l'un de l'autre.Indeed, it is understood that by maneuvering the control cable 29, the two jaws 14 and 15 are thus made to pivot jaw-shaped means 13, in synchronism with one another.

Bien entendu d'autres modes de réalisation de ces moyens peuvent encore être envisagés.Of course, other embodiments of these means can also be envisaged.

Enfin, on notera que les moyens de manœuvre des mors des moyens en forme de mâchoire, comprennent également par exemple des moyens formant contrepoids, qui sont couplés par exemple aux moyens en forme de mâchoire 13, pour les solliciter en position de fermeture et donc de blocage de l'élément d'ancrage et d'amarrage de la structure.Finally, it will be noted that the jaw maneuvering means of the jaw-shaped means also include, for example, means forming a counterweight, which are coupled, for example, to the jaw-shaped means 13, to urge them into the closed position and therefore to blocking of the anchoring and mooring element of the structure.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré notamment sur la figure 5, ces moyens formant contrepoids sont désignés par la référence générale 40.In the embodiment illustrated in particular on the figure 5 , these counterweight means are designated by the general reference 40.

Ces moyens formant contrepoids 40 sont par exemple associés aux moyens en forme de mâchoire, par exemple au niveau de leurs moyens d'articulation sur le reste du chaumard, pour les solliciter en position de fermeture.These counterweight means 40 are for example associated with the jaw-shaped means, for example at their articulation means on the rest of the fairlead, to urge them into the closed position.

On conçoit alors que dans la structure du chaumard selon l'invention, on utilise des moyens de commande impulsionnelle de l'ouverture et de la fermeture des moyens en forme de mâchoire.It will therefore be understood that in the structure of the fairlead according to the invention, means are used for impulse control of the opening and closing of the jaw-shaped means.

En effet, il suffit d'une impulsion de traction sur le câble de traction, pour provoquer un déplacement des moyens de manœuvre entre une position stable fermée et une position stable ouverte des moyens en forme de mâchoire.In fact, a traction pulse on the traction cable is sufficient to cause a displacement of the operating means between a closed closed position and a stable open position of the jaw-shaped means.

Ceci est réalisé par l'intermédiaire de moyens à cliquets interposés entre le câble de traction et le câble de commande des moyens en forme de mâchoire.This is achieved by means of ratchets interposed between the traction cable and the control cable of the jaw-shaped means.

On a décrit dans ce qui précède, un exemple de réalisation possible de tels moyens à cliquets.We have described in the foregoing, a possible embodiment of such ratchet means.

Il va de soi bien entendu que de très nombreux autres modes de réalisation peuvent être envisagés.It goes without saying of course that very many other embodiments can be envisaged.

En effet, de très nombreux modes de réalisation de ces moyens à cliquets peuvent être envisagés, afin de permettre à ceux-ci de définir des positions stables et séquentielles par une commande impulsionnelle.In fact, very numerous embodiments of these ratchet means can be envisaged, in order to allow them to define stable and sequential positions by impulse control.

Claims (11)

  1. A fairlead (5) for guiding an anchoring element (3) of an offshore structure, such as a floating structure (1), at an anchoring point (4), of the type having means (11) for guiding the anchoring element (3) and means (12) for locking said anchoring element in position, having means (13) in the form of a locking jaw comprising two locking jaw elements (14, 15), the fairlead (5) comprising maneuvering means and control means, said two locking jaw elements (14, 15) being movable by the maneuvering means actuated by the control means, between a closed position preventing the anchoring element from moving in translation and an open position releasing the anchoring element, characterized in that the control means are impulse-type control means, and in that the maneuvering means comprise pawl means (16) that define successive stable open and closed positions (PO, PF) of the jaw-forming means (13).
  2. The guiding fairlead according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means comprise a traction cable (17) for a control finger (18) of the jaw-forming means (13), movable along a closed path defining, with the pawl means (16), the two stable positions of the jaw-forming means (13).
  3. The guiding fairlead according to claim 2, characterized in that the pawl means (16) have a first pawl (25) defining, for the finger (18), a stable open position of the jaw-forming means (13).
  4. The guiding fairlead according to claim 3, characterized in that the pawl means (16) have a second non-return pawl (27), for guiding the finger (18) in a free return path of the latter toward a stable closed position of the jaw-forming means (13).
  5. The guiding fairlead according to claim 4, characterized in that the finger (18) includes ends suitable for moving in guide slots (24) arranged in two opposite flanges (21, 22) of a control unit (20) of the jaw-forming means (13).
  6. The guiding fairlead according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit (20) is attached on one side of the guide means (11) of the fairlead.
  7. The guiding fairlead according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the finger (18) is connected to the jaw-forming means by a control cable (29).
  8. The guiding fairlead according to claim 7, characterized in that the control cable (29) is connected to maneuvering levers (30, 31) of the jaw elements (14, 15) of the jaw-forming means (13).
  9. The guiding fairlead according to claim 8, characterized in that the levers (30, 31) comprise notched webs (32, 33) coupled to synchronize their movements and those of the jaw elements (14, 15) of the jaw-forming means (13).
  10. The guiding fairlead according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maneuvering means comprise counterweight-forming means (40), coupled to the jaw-forming means (13) to urge them into the closed position.
  11. Offshore floating structure (1) comprising a fairlead for guiding according to any one of the claims 1 to 10.
EP17718039.5A 2016-04-11 2017-04-10 Fairlead for guiding an anchoring element of an offshore structure Active EP3442858B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1600607A FR3049925B1 (en) 2016-04-11 2016-04-11 GUIDE BOILER FOR AN ANCHORING ELEMENT OF AN OFFSHORE STRUCTURE
PCT/EP2017/058502 WO2017178406A1 (en) 2016-04-11 2017-04-10 Fairlead for guiding an anchoring element of an offshore structure

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EP3442858A1 EP3442858A1 (en) 2019-02-20
EP3442858B1 true EP3442858B1 (en) 2020-06-17

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EP (1) EP3442858B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6959323B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102282222B1 (en)
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CN113212651B (en) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-06 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 Towing fixing device for cable guide device of quick release type semi-submersible production platform

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FR3049925B1 (en) 2018-05-04
JP2019510688A (en) 2019-04-18
US20190161144A1 (en) 2019-05-30
WO2017178406A1 (en) 2017-10-19
KR102282222B1 (en) 2021-07-26
FR3049925A1 (en) 2017-10-13
PT3442858T (en) 2020-08-28
US10611435B2 (en) 2020-04-07
JP6959323B2 (en) 2021-11-02
KR20190018622A (en) 2019-02-25
EP3442858A1 (en) 2019-02-20

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