EP2771235A1 - Installation for anchoring a floating platform to the ground - Google Patents

Installation for anchoring a floating platform to the ground

Info

Publication number
EP2771235A1
EP2771235A1 EP12794382.7A EP12794382A EP2771235A1 EP 2771235 A1 EP2771235 A1 EP 2771235A1 EP 12794382 A EP12794382 A EP 12794382A EP 2771235 A1 EP2771235 A1 EP 2771235A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chains
upstream
chain
winch
strand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12794382.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2771235B1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Busson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOV BLM SAS
Original Assignee
NOV BLM SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NOV BLM SAS filed Critical NOV BLM SAS
Publication of EP2771235A1 publication Critical patent/EP2771235A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2771235B1 publication Critical patent/EP2771235B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/16—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring using winches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B63B2021/505—Methods for installation or mooring of floating offshore platforms on site

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to anchoring installations for floating platforms, in particular for ground anchoring oil well platforms or production, storage and unloading vessels (also called Floating Production
  • the platforms for the offshore exploitation of oil wells consist of floating supports connected to the wellhead and anchored to the ground by means of anchor chains.
  • Each anchor chain consists of a chain with metal links each of which has a length of a few tens of centimeters (made from a wire having for example 9 to 20 cm in diameter).
  • each of these anchor chains comprises means for its attachment to the ground, through a solid sunken in the seabed.
  • Their upper end extends to a maneuvering station which is arranged on the side of the platform, above its waterline, for their maneuver each by their own tensioner winch associated with activatable / deactivatable stopper means.
  • the chains extend vertically along the platform, up to each associated fairlead; then they extend in an inclined way up to their massive anchoring on the ground.
  • each chain is adjusted by the tensioner winch associated with it, and the upstream free end of the chain, which extends behind the tensioner winch falls by gravity into a container-tank adapted to its storage.
  • stopper means can be provided just downstream of the tensioning winches and / or at the return fairleads.
  • current anchoring facilities are relatively complex because of the necessary multiplication of chains, fairleads, stoppers and tensioners. They have a relatively high cost and their weight can be very important (sometimes up to several thousand tons), which limits the payload capacity of the platform.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing an original anchoring installation structure which, while retaining optimum anchoring characteristics (in terms of fastening and resistance), is of simpler design and easy to install. 'a lower weight than those of current installations. In addition, this installation has improved maneuverability.
  • the corresponding anchoring installation is of the type comprising at least one group formed of a plurality of juxtaposed anchor chains, arranged parallel or substantially parallel to each other, and a maneuvering station, the lower end each of said chains having ground fastening means, their upper end extending to the maneuvering station on said platform, above its waterline, and an intermediate zone of each of these chains, between their lower and upper ends, cooperating with a return device fixed on said platform, advantageously below said waterline, which operating station comprises means for the tensioning of said chains and means for storing their free end, upstream of said means tensioning.
  • said maneuver station comprises:
  • stop / stop means that can be activated / deactivated for each of said chains, making it possible to lock the associated chain in position, which terminates in an upstream free run comprising an end link link, which stopper means are arranged next to each other, on one line, and are each associated with a reservoir housing for storing said upstream free strand of the associated chain, and
  • tensioning means comprise a single tensioner winch, mounted movably above said stopper means, parallel to said line of stopper means, which tensioner winch comprises a chain strand; master (i) whose downstream end comprises a downstream link capable of being removably secured to said connecting link of the upstream free end of said anchor chains, and (ii) whose upstream end is stored in a container tank.
  • the tensioner winch is mounted on a rolling frame guided by a rail structure formed on a raceway parallel to said line of stopper means; this rolling chassis is associated with drive means for allow its movement along said line of stopper means, to allow its positioning above each of these stopper means, and ensure the maneuvering of the associated anchor chain, after connection of the downstream link of the master chain of said winch tensioner, with the connecting link of said associated anchor chain.
  • the drive means of the rolling frame of the tensioner winch advantageously consist of a motorized gear integral with the rolling frame, which cooperates with a rack extending along the raceway.
  • the axis of rotation of the tensioning winch extends parallel to the raceway; the vertical downstream end of the master chain strand which cooperates with said tensioning winch extends in a vertical plane passing through the stopper means and the associated reservoir-tanks; and the upstream vertical end of this master chain strand which cooperates with the stretcher winch extends in a vertical plane passing through the associated storage reservoir container.
  • the storage container-tank for the upstream end of the master chain strand - is fixedly mounted at the operating station and - extends over the entire length of the raceway; this container-tank has an upper opening for the passage of the master chain strand, which upper opening extends over all or substantially the entire length of said raceway.
  • this container-tank for storing the upstream end of the master chain strand is carried by the rolling chassis of the tensioner winch.
  • the storage tank-housing free upstream strands anchor chains are arranged in the plane of the line of stopper means.
  • each housing-reservoir advantageously comprises an upper opening associated with a lateral support table, arranged in the extension of said upper opening, which support table comprises a notch, open facing said upper opening, for the passage of a link of said free upstream strand chain, and the locking of the link directly upstream, resting on said table.
  • the connecting link of the upstream free strand of the anchor chains preferably consists of a removable mesh, for example of the kind known as the "kenter mesh”.
  • the rolling chassis on which the tensioner winch is mounted carries an additional winch allowing in particular the opening maneuvers of the chain stopper located in the return fairlead immersed in line with said tensioner winch.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the upper part of the anchoring installation of FIG. 1, seen from the front;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the installation part illustrated in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the anchoring installation, according to the sectional plane 4-4 of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the anchoring installation, according to the sectional plane 5-5 of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view, still enlarged, of a portion of the anchoring installation illustrated in Figures 2 to 5, showing the detail of the chain stopper means;
  • Figure 7 shows the detail of Figure 6, seen from another perspective.
  • the floating platform P for example an oil platform, is anchored to the ground by means of an anchoring installation marked 1 in a general manner.
  • the platform P is here represented only partially; its ground anchoring installation 1 consists of several groups of a plurality of anchor chains 2, each of these groups being for example arranged at one of the corners of the platform P (in FIG. only one of these groups G anchor chains 2 is shown).
  • the platform P floats on the body of water M, above the seabed soil S, by defining a waterline F.
  • the group G consists of seven anchoring chains 2 juxtaposed, arranged parallel or substantially parallel to each other, each formed by a juxtaposition of interleaved metal links.
  • the corresponding chain links are steel links, whose length can be of the order of 50 to 120 cm and whose width can be of the order of 30 to 80 cm, made from a wire whose diameter is for example between 9 and 20 cm.
  • the lower downstream end 2a of the anchoring chains 2 is fixed by any suitable means to a solid T placed on the soil S of the seabed, or preferably sunk into this soil S (in FIG. 1, only the lower end 2a of one of the chains 2 is shown).
  • the upstream upper end 2b of the various chains 2 extends to a maneuvering station 3 arranged on the platform P, above the waterline F, and in this case, here, at the level of the part upper part of said platform P.
  • an intermediate zone 2c of each chain 2, between their lower end 2a and their upper end 2b, cooperates with a return fairlead 4, fixed on the side of the platform P, here below the level of the line of flotation F.
  • the different return fairlocks 4 make it possible to move, beneath the waterline F, the point from which the chains 2 deviate from the platform P, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the fairleads 4 may include a stopper means to block the tensioning of the associated chain 2, equipped with control means in active or inactive position, operable from the operating station 3.
  • the anchor chains 2 extend vertically or substantially vertically to the return fairlead line 4; from this line of fairleads 4, the chains 2 extend to the solid T, for example at an angle of the order of 45 ° relative to the horizontal.
  • the chains 2 may be associated with sections of guide ducts 2d (visible in Figures 1 to 4 and 6, 7).
  • the maneuver station 3 detailed in FIGS. 2 to 7, is equipped in accordance with the invention:
  • the stopper means 5 which equip each chain 2, and which are formed on each vertical axis A, consist of mechanisms of the type with two jaws 9 articulated in rotation about horizontal axes and operable in opposite directions from each other by means of a hand wheel 10.
  • the steering wheel 10 maneuverable by an operator, allows:
  • the different stopper means 5 are arranged on the same horizontal line E (FIG. 3) which extends along one side of the platform P and which is bordered by a passageway 11 for the movement of the operators, equipped with protective barriers 12.
  • each stopper means 5 has its own reservoir-housing 13 for storing the upstream free strand 2 'of the associated chain 2.
  • Each housing-tank 13 is disposed on the side of the associated stopper means 5; and the different tank-housings 13 are placed on the horizontal line E mentioned above with stopper means 5.
  • tank-housings 13 each consist of a housing delimited by a bottom and side walls, and which has an upper opening 14 on the side of which is formed a horizontal support table 15.
  • the different support tables 15 are also arranged on the horizontal line E stopper means 5, here on the other side of the opening 14 relative to the associated stopper means 5.
  • the opening 14 and the support table 15 are formed in a horizontal plane accessible to an operator standing on the path 1 1 (for example at a height of about 1 m 50 above the plane of this path 1 1).
  • the support table 15 has a lateral recess 16, open facing the opening 14 of the housing-reservoir 13.
  • This notch 16 slightly wider than the width the thickness of the chain links, is adapted to allow the insertion of one of the links of the upstream chain strand 2 ', so as to block the link directly upstream.
  • the terminal connecting link 6 can rest in stable support on the table 15 so as to allow easy and ergonomic manipulation by an operator, as described below.
  • the link inserted in the indentation 16 corresponds preferably to the third link of the upstream chain strand 2 ', starting from the connecting link 6.
  • This connecting link 6 is of the dismountable type (called “kenter mesh”), allowing its removable connection with the downstream link of the downstream end of the master chain strand 8 of the tensioner winch 7, as described below.
  • the tensioner winch 7 consists for example of an electric winch, adapted to maneuver in both directions the associated master chain strand 8.
  • This tensioning winch 7 is mounted on a chassis 18 guided by a rail structure 19 which is formed along a raceway 20 parallel to the horizontal line E stopper means 5, to allow its movement along this line horizontal E.
  • the axis of rotation 21 of the tensioning winch 7 extends parallel to the raceway 20 and to the line E of stopper means 5.
  • the master chain strand 8 is made by means of an assembly of links identical or similar to those constituting the anchor chains 2.
  • the master chain strand 8 can be made with links whose wire diameter (for example 10 cm) is smaller than the diameter of wire (for example 18 cm) of the links of the anchor chains 2.
  • the reservoir container 22, fixed, is delimited by a bottom and side walls; its upper opening 23 extends parallel to the raceway 20, over all or substantially the entire length of the latter.
  • This upper opening 23 may comprise a closure device provided with a movable light adapted to the passage of the upstream end of the master chain 8 ", this closure device being adapted to move this moving light with the tensioning winch 7; particular sealing may consist of a succession of interconnected metal blades, which wind and unwind on cylinders located at the ends of the opening 23.
  • the raceway 20 of the tensioning winch 7 is bordered by a passageway 24 on which an operator can move, in charge of the maneuvers in motion of this winch 7.
  • This path 24 is advantageously located on the other side of the longitudinal opening 23 of the container-reservoir 22, with respect to the rail structure 19 of the race 20. For safety reasons, this path 24 is advantageously bordered by suitable guardrails (not shown).
  • the race 20 of the tensioning winch 7 is provided behind and above the line E of stopper means 5.
  • the frame 18 of the tensioner winch 7 comprises drive means which here consist of a pinion 26, associated with a motorization carried by said frame 18, which cooperates with a complementary rack 27 formed along the entire length of the rail structure 19.
  • the operator can then control at will the motorized gear 26, by means of a suitable control box, to ensure the displacement of the tensioner winch 7 parallel to itself on the raceway 20, and to position it correctly facing of one of the support tables 15 and / or one of the stopper means 5, in order to allow the maneuvering the chain 2 opposite, after securing the master chain strand 8 with the connecting link 6 of this chain 2.
  • the downstream link of the downstream end of the master chain strand 8 is secured to the connecting link 6 of the upstream free strand 2 'of the chain 2.
  • This operation carried out by one or two operators in position on the path 1 1 is performed on the support table 15, or just above.
  • the operator or operators can use for this additional electric winch 28, integral with the frame 18, and therefore located above the support table 15 on which they work, able to assist the lifting of the connecting link 6 and facilitate its connection with the downstream link of the master chain 8.
  • the operator can adjust the tension of the chain 2 by the tensioner winch 7. Once the desired tension is obtained, the stopper means 5 are maneuvered closing (active position) to block the anchor chain 2, and its terminal link link 6 can be detached from the master chain strand 8.
  • the fixed container-tank 22, ensuring the storage of the upstream end 8 "of the master chain strand 8 can be replaced by a container-tank directly carried by the chassis 18 of the tensioner winch 7 (and therefore mobile with this winch 7).
  • the return fairleads 4 advantageously still have chain stopper means which are specific to them (not visible in the figures), actuated in activation or deactivation by a cable 30 of which end of maneuver leads to the level of the associated support table 15, blocked by an upper stop provided with a hook 31 ( Figures 6 and 7).
  • these stopper means of the fairleads 4 can be actuated in deactivation, using the winch 28 (or another) mounted on the frame 18 of the tensioner winch 7. , the operator hooks the end of the winch cable 28 on the hook 31 and he maneuver this winch in traction, upwards. It is understood that the presence of a single tensioner winch substantially simplifies the general structure of the anchoring installation according to the invention, with a reduced cost and a reduced weight, compared to existing conventional facilities.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to an installation for anchoring a floating platform (P), for example an oil platform, to the ground by means of chains (2), the manoeuvring station (3) of said platform having: activatable/deactivatable stopper means (5) for each of the anchoring chains (2), making it possible to lock in position the associated chain (2), which ends in an upstream free length (2') having an end connecting link (6), said stopper means (5) being disposed on one and the same line (E) and each being associated with a reservoir housing (13) for storing said upstream free length (2') of the associated chain (2), and tensioning means (7) which are common to the different chains (2), said tensioning means comprising a single tensioning winch (7) which is mounted in a mobile manner above said stopper means (5), said tensioning winch (7) having a master length of chain (8), the downstream end of which has a downstream link that is able to be secured removably to the connecting link (6) of the upstream free length of said anchoring chains (2), and the upstream end of which is stored in a reservoir container (22).

Description

INSTALLATION D'ANCRAGE AU SOL POUR UNE PLATEFORME FLOTTANTE GROUND ANCHORING INSTALLATION FOR A FLOATING PLATFORM
La présente invention concerne les installations d'ancrage de plateformes flottantes, en particulier pour l'ancrage au sol des plateformes d'exploitation de puits de pétrole ou des navires de production, de stockage et de déchargement (encore dénommés Floating ProductionThe present invention relates to anchoring installations for floating platforms, in particular for ground anchoring oil well platforms or production, storage and unloading vessels (also called Floating Production
Storage and Offloading (Unit) - FPSO). Storage and Offloading (Unit) - FPSO).
De manière classique, les plateformes pour l'exploitation en mer des puits de pétrole consistent en des supports flottants connectés à la tête de puits et ancrés au sol au moyen de chaînes d'ancrage.  Conventionally, the platforms for the offshore exploitation of oil wells consist of floating supports connected to the wellhead and anchored to the ground by means of anchor chains.
Ces plateformes, de section horizontale généralement carrée, peuvent avoir plusieurs dizaines de mètres de côté et leur poids peut atteindre plusieurs dizaines de milliers de tonnes, voire plusieurs centaines de milliers de tonnes.  These platforms, generally horizontal in cross section, can have several tens of meters of side and their weight can reach several tens of thousands of tons, even several hundreds of thousands of tons.
Elles supportent l'ensemble des moyens nécessaires pour l'extraction du pétrole, et éventuellement sa transformation sur place, ainsi que parfois des équipements destinés à assurer une présence humaine à bord.  They support all the necessary means for the extraction of oil, and possibly its transformation on site, as well as sometimes equipment intended to ensure a human presence on board.
Pour leur ancrage, on utilise très généralement plusieurs groupes d'une pluralité de chaînes parallèles (trois à huit chaînes par groupe, par exemple), encore appelées lignes de mouillage, chaque groupe étant ménagé au niveau de l'un des angles de la plateforme.  For anchoring, one generally uses several groups of a plurality of parallel chains (three to eight chains per group, for example), also called mooring lines, each group being formed at one of the corners of the platform .
Chaque chaîne d'ancrage consiste en une chaîne à maillons métalliques dont chacun présente une longueur de quelques dizaines de centimètres (réalisée à partir d'un fil ayant par exemple 9 à 20 cm de diamètre).  Each anchor chain consists of a chain with metal links each of which has a length of a few tens of centimeters (made from a wire having for example 9 to 20 cm in diameter).
L'extrémité inférieure de chacune de ces chaînes d'ancrage comporte des moyens pour sa fixation au sol, par l'intermédiaire d'un massif enfoncé dans le fond marin. Leur extrémité supérieure s'étend jusqu'à un poste de manœuvre qui est aménagé sur le côté de la plateforme, au-dessus de sa ligne de flottaison, pour leur manœuvre chacune par leur propre treuil tensionneur associé à des moyens stoppeurs activables/désactivables.  The lower end of each of these anchor chains comprises means for its attachment to the ground, through a solid sunken in the seabed. Their upper end extends to a maneuvering station which is arranged on the side of the platform, above its waterline, for their maneuver each by their own tensioner winch associated with activatable / deactivatable stopper means.
Et entre leurs extrémités supérieure et inférieure, une zone intermédiaire de ces chaînes est associée à un dispositif de renvoi, dénommé chaumard, fixé sur la plateforme, généralement sous le niveau de la ligne de flottaison. And between their upper and lower extremities, an intermediate zone of these chains is associated with a return device, called fairlead, fixed on the platform, generally below the level of the waterline.
Depuis le poste de manœuvre, les chaînes s'étendent verticalement le long de la plateforme, jusqu'à chaque chaumard associé ; puis elles s'étendent de manière inclinée jusqu'à leur massif d'ancrage au sol.  From the maneuver station, the chains extend vertically along the platform, up to each associated fairlead; then they extend in an inclined way up to their massive anchoring on the ground.
La tension de chaque chaîne est réglée par le treuil tensionneur qui lui est associé, et le brin libre amont de chaîne, qui s'étend derrière le treuil tensionneur tombe par gravité dans un contenant-réservoir adapté à son stockage.  The tension of each chain is adjusted by the tensioner winch associated with it, and the upstream free end of the chain, which extends behind the tensioner winch falls by gravity into a container-tank adapted to its storage.
Une fois correctement tendues, les chaînes sont bloquées en position par les moyens stoppeurs. Ces moyens stoppeurs peuvent être prévus juste en aval des treuils tensionneurs et/ou au niveau des chaumards de renvoi. Mais les installations d'ancrage actuelles sont relativement complexes du fait de la multiplication nécessaire des chaînes, chaumards de renvoi, stoppeurs et tensionneurs. Elles ont de ce fait un coût relativement élevé et leur poids peut être très important (parfois jusqu'à plusieurs milliers de tonnes), ce qui limite la capacité de charge utile de la plateforme. Once properly tensioned, the chains are locked in position by the stopper means. These stopper means can be provided just downstream of the tensioning winches and / or at the return fairleads. But current anchoring facilities are relatively complex because of the necessary multiplication of chains, fairleads, stoppers and tensioners. They have a relatively high cost and their weight can be very important (sometimes up to several thousand tons), which limits the payload capacity of the platform.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant une structure originale d'installation d'ancrage qui, tout en conservant des caractéristiques d'ancrage optimales (en terme de fixation et de résistance), est de conception plus simple et d'un poids moins élevé que ceux des installations actuelles. En outre, cette installation présente une ergonomie de manœuvre améliorée.  The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing an original anchoring installation structure which, while retaining optimum anchoring characteristics (in terms of fastening and resistance), is of simpler design and easy to install. 'a lower weight than those of current installations. In addition, this installation has improved maneuverability.
Pour cela, l'installation d'ancrage correspondante est du type comprenant au moins un groupe formé d'une pluralité de chaînes d'ancrage juxtaposées, disposées parallèlement ou sensiblement parallèlement les unes aux autres, et un poste de manœuvre, l'extrémité inférieure de chacune desdites chaînes comportant des moyens de fixation au sol, leur extrémité supérieure s'étendant jusqu'au poste de manœuvre ménagé sur ladite plateforme, au- dessus de sa ligne de flottaison, et une zone intermédiaire de chacune de ces chaînes, entre leurs extrémités inférieure et supérieure, coopérant avec un dispositif de renvoi fixé sur ladite plateforme, avantageusement sous ladite ligne de flottaison, lequel poste de manœuvre comporte des moyens pour la mise en tension desdites chaînes et des moyens pour stocker leur extrémité libre, en amont desdits moyens de mise en tension.  For this purpose, the corresponding anchoring installation is of the type comprising at least one group formed of a plurality of juxtaposed anchor chains, arranged parallel or substantially parallel to each other, and a maneuvering station, the lower end each of said chains having ground fastening means, their upper end extending to the maneuvering station on said platform, above its waterline, and an intermediate zone of each of these chains, between their lower and upper ends, cooperating with a return device fixed on said platform, advantageously below said waterline, which operating station comprises means for the tensioning of said chains and means for storing their free end, upstream of said means tensioning.
Et conformément à la présente invention, ledit poste de manœuvre comporte : And according to the present invention, said maneuver station comprises:
- des moyens stoppeurs activables/désactivables pour chacune desdites chaînes, permettant de verrouiller en position la chaîne associée qui se termine par un brin libre amont comportant un maillon de liaison d'extrémité, lesquels moyens stoppeurs sont disposés les uns à côté des autres, sur une même ligne, et sont chacun associés à un logement réservoir pour le stockage dudit brin libre amont de la chaîne associée, et  stop / stop means that can be activated / deactivated for each of said chains, making it possible to lock the associated chain in position, which terminates in an upstream free run comprising an end link link, which stopper means are arranged next to each other, on one line, and are each associated with a reservoir housing for storing said upstream free strand of the associated chain, and
- des moyens de mise en tension communs pour les différentes chaînes, lesquels moyens de mise en tension comprennent un treuil tensionneur unique, monté mobile au-dessus desdits moyens stoppeurs, parallèlement à ladite ligne de moyens stoppeurs, lequel treuil tensionneur comporte un brin de chaîne maître (i) dont l'extrémité aval comporte un maillon aval apte à être solidarisé de manière amovible avec ledit maillon de liaison du brin libre amont desdites chaînes d'ancrage, et (ii) dont l'extrémité amont est stockée dans un contenant-réservoir.  common tensioning means for the various chains, which tensioning means comprise a single tensioner winch, mounted movably above said stopper means, parallel to said line of stopper means, which tensioner winch comprises a chain strand; master (i) whose downstream end comprises a downstream link capable of being removably secured to said connecting link of the upstream free end of said anchor chains, and (ii) whose upstream end is stored in a container tank.
Une telle installation, avec un treuil tensionneur unique que l'on peut déplacer à volonté pour gérer la tension des différentes chaînes d'ancrage, les unes après les autres, permet de simplifier la conception générale de l'installation d'ancrage, en limitant son coût de réalisation et en diminuant de manière sensible son poids.  Such an installation, with a single tensioner winch that can be moved at will to manage the tension of the various anchoring chains, one after the other, simplifies the overall design of the anchoring installation, by limiting its cost of realization and decreasing significantly its weight.
Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, le treuil tensionneur est monté sur un châssis roulant guidé par une structure de rail ménagée sur un chemin de roulement parallèle à ladite ligne de moyens stoppeurs ; ce châssis roulant est associé à des moyens d'entraînement pour permettre son déplacement le long de ladite ligne de moyens stoppeurs, afin de permettre son positionnement au-dessus de chacun de ces moyens stoppeurs, et assurer la manœuvre de la chaîne d'ancrage associée, après connexion du maillon aval de la chaîne maître dudit treuil tensionneur, avec le maillon de liaison de ladite chaîne d'ancrage associée. According to another particularity of the invention, the tensioner winch is mounted on a rolling frame guided by a rail structure formed on a raceway parallel to said line of stopper means; this rolling chassis is associated with drive means for allow its movement along said line of stopper means, to allow its positioning above each of these stopper means, and ensure the maneuvering of the associated anchor chain, after connection of the downstream link of the master chain of said winch tensioner, with the connecting link of said associated anchor chain.
Les moyens d'entraînement du châssis roulant du treuil tensionneur consistent avantageusement en un pignon motorisé solidaire du châssis roulant, qui coopère avec une crémaillère s'étendant le long du chemin de roulement. The drive means of the rolling frame of the tensioner winch advantageously consist of a motorized gear integral with the rolling frame, which cooperates with a rack extending along the raceway.
Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, l'axe de rotation du treuil tensionneur s'étend parallèlement au chemin de roulement ; l'extrémité aval verticale du brin de chaîne maître qui coopère avec ledit treuil tensionneur s'étend dans un plan vertical passant par les moyens stoppeurs et par les logements-réservoirs associés ; et l'extrémité amont verticale de ce brin de chaîne maître qui coopère avec le treuil tensionneur s'étend dans un plan vertical passant par le contenant-réservoir de stockage associé.  According to a preferred embodiment, the axis of rotation of the tensioning winch extends parallel to the raceway; the vertical downstream end of the master chain strand which cooperates with said tensioning winch extends in a vertical plane passing through the stopper means and the associated reservoir-tanks; and the upstream vertical end of this master chain strand which cooperates with the stretcher winch extends in a vertical plane passing through the associated storage reservoir container.
Encore selon une forme de réalisation préférée, le contenant-réservoir de stockage pour l'extrémité amont du brin de chaîne maître - est monté fixe au niveau du poste de manœuvre et - s'étend sur toute la longueur du chemin de roulement ; ce contenant-réservoir comporte une ouverture supérieure pour le passage du brin de chaîne maître, laquelle ouverture supérieure s'étend sur toute ou pratiquement toute la longueur dudit chemin de roulement.  Still according to a preferred embodiment, the storage container-tank for the upstream end of the master chain strand - is fixedly mounted at the operating station and - extends over the entire length of the raceway; this container-tank has an upper opening for the passage of the master chain strand, which upper opening extends over all or substantially the entire length of said raceway.
Selon une variante de réalisation, ce contenant-réservoir pour le stockage de l'extrémité amont du brin de chaîne maître est porté par le châssis roulant du treuil tensionneur. According to an alternative embodiment, this container-tank for storing the upstream end of the master chain strand is carried by the rolling chassis of the tensioner winch.
Selon encore une autre particularité, les logements-réservoirs de stockage des brins libres amont des chaînes d'ancrage sont disposés dans le plan de la ligne de moyens stoppeurs.  According to yet another particularity, the storage tank-housing free upstream strands anchor chains are arranged in the plane of the line of stopper means.
Dans ce cadre, chaque logement-réservoir comporte avantageusement une ouverture supérieure associée à une table d'appui latérale, disposée dans le prolongement de ladite ouverture supérieure, laquelle table d'appui comprend une échancrure, ouverte en regard de ladite ouverture supérieure, pour le passage d'un maillon dudit brin libre amont de chaîne, et le blocage du maillon directement amont, en appui sur ladite table.  In this context, each housing-reservoir advantageously comprises an upper opening associated with a lateral support table, arranged in the extension of said upper opening, which support table comprises a notch, open facing said upper opening, for the passage of a link of said free upstream strand chain, and the locking of the link directly upstream, resting on said table.
Le maillon de liaison du brin libre amont des chaînes d'ancrage consiste de préférence en une maille démontable, par exemple du genre connue sous le nom de « maille kenter ».  The connecting link of the upstream free strand of the anchor chains preferably consists of a removable mesh, for example of the kind known as the "kenter mesh".
Selon encore une autre particularité, le châssis roulant sur lequel est monté le treuil tensionneur porte un treuil supplémentaire permettant en particulier les manœuvres d'ouverture du stoppeur de chaîne situé dans le chaumard de renvoi immergé à l'aplomb dudit treuil tensionneur.  According to yet another particularity, the rolling chassis on which the tensioner winch is mounted carries an additional winch allowing in particular the opening maneuvers of the chain stopper located in the return fairlead immersed in line with said tensioner winch.
L'invention sera encore illustrée, sans être aucunement limitée, par la description suivante d'une forme de réalisation particulière, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et représentée sur les dessins annexés dans lesquels : - la figure 1 est une vue schématique de l'installation d'ancrage conforme à l'invention, vue en légère perspective ; The invention will be further illustrated, without being limited in any way, by the following description of a particular embodiment, given solely by way of example and shown in the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic view of the anchoring installation according to the invention, seen in slight perspective;
- la figure 2 est une vue agrandie de la partie supérieure de l'installation d'ancrage de la figure 1 , vue de face ;  FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the upper part of the anchoring installation of FIG. 1, seen from the front;
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective de la partie d'installation illustrée sur la figure 2 ;  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the installation part illustrated in FIG. 2;
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe de l'installation d'ancrage, selon le plan de coupe 4-4 de la figure 2 ;  - Figure 4 is a sectional view of the anchoring installation, according to the sectional plane 4-4 of Figure 2;
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe de l'installation d'ancrage, selon le plan de coupe 5-5 de la figure 2 ;  - Figure 5 is a sectional view of the anchoring installation, according to the sectional plane 5-5 of Figure 2;
- la figure 6 est une vue en perspective, encore agrandie, d'une partie de l'installation d'ancrage illustrée sur les figures 2 à 5, montrant le détail des moyens stoppeurs de chaîne ;  - Figure 6 is a perspective view, still enlarged, of a portion of the anchoring installation illustrated in Figures 2 to 5, showing the detail of the chain stopper means;
- la figure 7 montre le détail de la figure 6, vu selon une autre perspective.  - Figure 7 shows the detail of Figure 6, seen from another perspective.
Tel qu'illustré sur la figure 1 , la plateforme flottante P, par exemple une plateforme pétrolière, est ancrée au sol au moyen d'une installation d'ancrage repérée 1 d'une manière générale.  As illustrated in FIG. 1, the floating platform P, for example an oil platform, is anchored to the ground by means of an anchoring installation marked 1 in a general manner.
La plateforme P est ici représentée uniquement partiellement ; son installation d'ancrage au sol 1 est constituée de plusieurs groupes d'une pluralité de chaînes d'ancrage 2, chacun de ces groupes étant par exemple ménagé au niveau de l'un des angles de la plateforme P (sur la figure 1 , seul l'un de ces groupes G de chaînes d'ancrage 2 est représenté).  The platform P is here represented only partially; its ground anchoring installation 1 consists of several groups of a plurality of anchor chains 2, each of these groups being for example arranged at one of the corners of the platform P (in FIG. only one of these groups G anchor chains 2 is shown).
La plateforme P flotte sur la masse d'eau M, au-dessus du sol de fond marin S, en définissant une ligne de flottaison F.  The platform P floats on the body of water M, above the seabed soil S, by defining a waterline F.
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, le groupe G est constitué de sept chaînes d'ancrage 2 juxtaposées, disposées parallèlement ou sensiblement parallèlement les unes aux autres, formées chacune d'une juxtaposition de maillons métalliques entrelacés.  In the illustrated embodiment, the group G consists of seven anchoring chains 2 juxtaposed, arranged parallel or substantially parallel to each other, each formed by a juxtaposition of interleaved metal links.
Les maillons de chaînes correspondants sont des maillons en acier, dont la longueur peut être de l'ordre de 50 à 120 cm et dont la largeur peut être de l'ordre de 30 à 80 cm, réalisés à partir d'un fil dont le diamètre est par exemple compris entre 9 et 20 cm.  The corresponding chain links are steel links, whose length can be of the order of 50 to 120 cm and whose width can be of the order of 30 to 80 cm, made from a wire whose diameter is for example between 9 and 20 cm.
L'extrémité inférieure aval 2a des chaînes d'ancrage 2 est fixée par tout moyen approprié à un massif T posé sur le sol S du fond marin, ou de préférence enfoncé dans ce sol S (sur la figure 1 , seule l'extrémité inférieure 2a de l'une des chaînes 2 est représentée).  The lower downstream end 2a of the anchoring chains 2 is fixed by any suitable means to a solid T placed on the soil S of the seabed, or preferably sunk into this soil S (in FIG. 1, only the lower end 2a of one of the chains 2 is shown).
L'extrémité supérieure amont 2b des différentes chaînes 2 s'étend jusqu'à un poste de manœuvre 3 aménagé sur la plateforme P, au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison F, et en l'occurrence, ici, au niveau de la partie supérieure de ladite plateforme P.  The upstream upper end 2b of the various chains 2 extends to a maneuvering station 3 arranged on the platform P, above the waterline F, and in this case, here, at the level of the part upper part of said platform P.
Au niveau de ce poste de manœuvre 3, on trouve notamment des moyens pour la mise en tension des chaînes 2 et des moyens stoppeurs pour bloquer cette mise en tension, comme détaillé plus loin. D'autre part, une zone intermédiaire 2ç de chaque chaîne 2, entre leur extrémité inférieure 2a et leur extrémité supérieure 2b, coopère avec un chaumard de renvoi 4, fixé sur le côté de la plateforme P, ici sous le niveau de la ligne de flottaison F. At this operating station 3, there are in particular means for the tensioning of the chains 2 and stopper means to block this tensioning, as detailed below. On the other hand, an intermediate zone 2c of each chain 2, between their lower end 2a and their upper end 2b, cooperates with a return fairlead 4, fixed on the side of the platform P, here below the level of the line of flotation F.
Les différents chaumards de renvoi 4 permettent de déplacer, sous la ligne de flottaison F, le point à partir duquel les chaînes 2 s'écartent de la plateforme P, comme illustré sur la figure 1 .  The different return fairlocks 4 make it possible to move, beneath the waterline F, the point from which the chains 2 deviate from the platform P, as illustrated in FIG.
Les chaumards de renvoi 4 peuvent comporter un moyen stoppeur pour bloquer la mise en tension de la chaîne 2 associée, équipé de moyens de commande en position active ou inactive, actionnables à partir du poste de manœuvre 3.  The fairleads 4 may include a stopper means to block the tensioning of the associated chain 2, equipped with control means in active or inactive position, operable from the operating station 3.
Depuis ce poste de manœuvre 3, les chaînes d'ancrage 2 s'étendent verticalement ou sensiblement verticalement jusqu'à la ligne de chaumards de renvoi 4 ; à partir de cette ligne de chaumards 4, les chaînes 2 s'étendent jusqu'au massif T, par exemple selon un angle de l'ordre de 45° par rapport à l'horizontale. Sur leur portion verticale, les chaînes 2 peuvent être associées à des tronçons de goulottes de guidage 2d (visibles sur les figures 1 à 4 et 6, 7).  From this maneuvering station 3, the anchor chains 2 extend vertically or substantially vertically to the return fairlead line 4; from this line of fairleads 4, the chains 2 extend to the solid T, for example at an angle of the order of 45 ° relative to the horizontal. On their vertical portion, the chains 2 may be associated with sections of guide ducts 2d (visible in Figures 1 to 4 and 6, 7).
Le poste de manœuvre 3, détaillé sur les figures 2 à 7, est équipé conformément à l'invention :  The maneuver station 3, detailed in FIGS. 2 to 7, is equipped in accordance with the invention:
- de moyens stoppeurs 5 pour chacune des chaînes 2, en aval desquels lesdites chaînes 2 s'étendent selon un axe vertical A en direction de leurs chaumards de renvoi 4 respectifs, et en amont desquels s'étend un brin libre amont 2' de chaînes 2, comportant un maillon d'extrémité 6, et  stopper means 5 for each of the chains 2, downstream of which said chains 2 extend along a vertical axis A in the direction of their respective return fairleads 4, and upstream of which extends an upstream free strand 2 'of chains 2, having an end link 6, and
- des moyens en forme de treuil tensionneur 7 unique, monté mobile au-dessus des moyens stoppeurs 5, pour la mise en tension des différentes chaînes 2 au moyen d'un brin de chaîne maître 8.  means in the form of a single tensioner winch 7 mounted movably above the stopper means 5 for tensioning the different chains 2 by means of a master chain strand 8.
Les moyens stoppeurs 5 qui équipent chaque chaîne 2, et qui sont ménagés sur chaque axe vertical A, consistent en des mécanismes du type à deux mâchoires 9 articulées en rotation autour d'axes horizontaux et actionnables en sens inverse l'une de l'autre au moyen d'un volant de manœuvre 10.  The stopper means 5 which equip each chain 2, and which are formed on each vertical axis A, consist of mechanisms of the type with two jaws 9 articulated in rotation about horizontal axes and operable in opposite directions from each other by means of a hand wheel 10.
Le volant 10, manœuvrable par un opérateur, permet :  The steering wheel 10, maneuverable by an operator, allows:
- de rapprocher les deux extrémités libres des mâchoires 9 pour leur faire prendre une position active de blocage, contre la chaîne 2, en appui sous l'un de ses maillons, ou  bringing the two free ends of the jaws 9 together to make them take an active locking position, against the chain 2, resting under one of its links, or
- d'écarter ces deux extrémités de mâchoires 9, pour leur faire prendre une position inactive dans laquelle elles ne sont plus en contact avec la chaîne 2.  - To separate these two ends of jaws 9, to make them take an inactive position in which they are no longer in contact with the chain 2.
Les différents moyens stoppeurs 5 sont disposés sur une même ligne horizontale E (figure 3) qui s'étend le long d'un côté de la plateforme P et qui est bordée par un chemin de passage 1 1 pour le déplacement des opérateurs, équipé de barrières de protection 12.  The different stopper means 5 are arranged on the same horizontal line E (FIG. 3) which extends along one side of the platform P and which is bordered by a passageway 11 for the movement of the operators, equipped with protective barriers 12.
De plus, chaque moyen stoppeur 5 comporte son propre logement-réservoir 13 pour le stockage du brin libre amont 2' de la chaîne 2 associée. Chaque logement-réservoir 13 est disposé sur le côté du moyen stoppeur 5 associé ; et les différents logements-réservoirs 13 sont placés sur la ligne horizontale E précitée de moyens stoppeurs 5. In addition, each stopper means 5 has its own reservoir-housing 13 for storing the upstream free strand 2 'of the associated chain 2. Each housing-tank 13 is disposed on the side of the associated stopper means 5; and the different tank-housings 13 are placed on the horizontal line E mentioned above with stopper means 5.
Ces logements-réservoirs 13 sont chacun constitués d'un boîtier délimité par un fond et des parois latérales, et qui comporte une ouverture supérieure 14 sur le côté de laquelle est ménagée une table d'appui horizontale 15.  These tank-housings 13 each consist of a housing delimited by a bottom and side walls, and which has an upper opening 14 on the side of which is formed a horizontal support table 15.
Les différentes tables d'appui 15 sont également disposées sur la ligne horizontale E de moyens stoppeurs 5, ici, de l'autre côté de l'ouverture 14 par rapport aux moyens stoppeurs 5 associés.  The different support tables 15 are also arranged on the horizontal line E stopper means 5, here on the other side of the opening 14 relative to the associated stopper means 5.
L'ouverture 14 et la table d'appui 15 sont ménagées dans un plan horizontal accessible à un opérateur placé debout sur le chemin de passage 1 1 (par exemple à une hauteur de 1 m 50 environ au-dessus du plan de ce chemin 1 1 ).  The opening 14 and the support table 15 are formed in a horizontal plane accessible to an operator standing on the path 1 1 (for example at a height of about 1 m 50 above the plane of this path 1 1).
Comme on peut le voir en particulier sur les figures 6 et 7, la table d'appui 15 comporte une échancrure latérale 16, ouverte en regard de l'ouverture 14 du logement-réservoir 13. Cette échancrure 16, de largeur légèrement supérieure à l'épaisseur des maillons de chaînes, est adaptée pour permettre l'insertion de l'un des maillons du brin amont de chaîne 2', de manière à bloquer le maillon directement amont.  As can be seen in particular in Figures 6 and 7, the support table 15 has a lateral recess 16, open facing the opening 14 of the housing-reservoir 13. This notch 16, slightly wider than the width the thickness of the chain links, is adapted to allow the insertion of one of the links of the upstream chain strand 2 ', so as to block the link directly upstream.
De la sorte, le maillon terminal de liaison 6 peut reposer en appui stable sur la table 15 de manière à permettre sa manipulation aisée et ergonomique par un opérateur, tel que décrit par la suite.  In this way, the terminal connecting link 6 can rest in stable support on the table 15 so as to allow easy and ergonomic manipulation by an operator, as described below.
Comme illustré sur les figures 6 et 7, le maillon inséré dans l'échancrure 16 correspond de préférence au troisième maillon du brin amont de chaîne 2', partant du maillon de liaison 6.  As illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the link inserted in the indentation 16 corresponds preferably to the third link of the upstream chain strand 2 ', starting from the connecting link 6.
Ce maillon de liaison 6 est du type démontable (dit « maille kenter »), permettant sa solidarisation amovible avec le maillon aval de l'extrémité aval du brin de chaîne maître 8 du treuil tensionneur 7, comme décrit plus loin.  This connecting link 6 is of the dismountable type (called "kenter mesh"), allowing its removable connection with the downstream link of the downstream end of the master chain strand 8 of the tensioner winch 7, as described below.
De son côté, le treuil tensionneur 7 consiste par exemple en un treuil électrique, apte à manœuvrer dans les deux sens le brin de chaîne maître 8 associé.  For its part, the tensioner winch 7 consists for example of an electric winch, adapted to maneuver in both directions the associated master chain strand 8.
Ce treuil tensionneur 7 est monté sur un châssis roulant 18 guidé par une structure de rails 19 qui est ménagée le long d'un chemin de roulement 20 parallèle à la ligne horizontale E de moyens stoppeurs 5, pour permettre son déplacement le long de cette ligne horizontale E.  This tensioning winch 7 is mounted on a chassis 18 guided by a rail structure 19 which is formed along a raceway 20 parallel to the horizontal line E stopper means 5, to allow its movement along this line horizontal E.
Ce déplacement du treuil tensionneur 7, par l'intermédiaire de son châssis roulant 18, est du type mouvement en translation.  This displacement of the tensioner winch 7, through its rolling chassis 18, is of the translational movement type.
L'axe de rotation 21 du treuil tensionneur 7 s'étend parallèlement au chemin de roulement 20 et à la ligne E de moyens stoppeurs 5.  The axis of rotation 21 of the tensioning winch 7 extends parallel to the raceway 20 and to the line E of stopper means 5.
Côté chaînes d'ancrage 2, l'extrémité aval 8' verticale du brin de chaîne maître 8 qui coopère avec le treuil tensionneur 7 (en sortie ou en entrée de ce treuil selon son sens de rotation), s'étend dans un plan vertical passant par les axes A de chaînes 2, ainsi que par les moyens stoppeurs 5 et les logements-réservoirs 13. De l'autre côté, l'extrémité amont 8" verticale du brin de chaîne maître 8 qui coopère avec le treuil tensionneur 7 (en sortie ou en entrée selon son sens de rotation), s'étend dans un plan vertical passant par un contenant-réservoir 22, et en particulier par l'ouverture longitudinale supérieure 23 de ce contenant-réservoir 22 aménagé sur le poste de manœuvre 3 de la plateforme P. Side anchoring chains 2, the vertical downstream end 8 'of the master chain strand 8 which cooperates with the tensioner winch 7 (output or input of this winch according to its direction of rotation), extends in a vertical plane passing through the axes A of chains 2, as well as by the stopper means 5 and the tank-housings 13. On the other side, the vertical upstream end 8 "of the master chain strand 8 which cooperates with the tensioning winch 7 (at the outlet or inlet depending on its direction of rotation) extends in a vertical plane passing through a container. tank 22, and in particular by the upper longitudinal opening 23 of this container-tank 22 arranged on the operating station 3 of the platform P.
Le brin de chaîne maître 8 est réalisé au moyen d'un assemblage de maillons identiques ou similaires à ceux constitutifs des chaînes d'ancrage 2.  The master chain strand 8 is made by means of an assembly of links identical or similar to those constituting the anchor chains 2.
Son maillon aval (non visible sur les figures), destiné à coopérer avec le maillon de liaison 6, est un maillon standard.  Its downstream link (not visible in the figures), intended to cooperate with the connecting link 6, is a standard link.
Pour gagner du poids, le brin de chaîne maître 8 peut être réalisé avec des maillons dont le diamètre de fil (par exemple 10 cm) est inférieur au diamètre de fil (par exemple 18 cm) des maillons des chaînes d'ancrage 2.  To save weight, the master chain strand 8 can be made with links whose wire diameter (for example 10 cm) is smaller than the diameter of wire (for example 18 cm) of the links of the anchor chains 2.
Le contenant-réservoir 22, fixe, est délimité par un fond et des parois latérales ; son ouverture supérieure 23 s'étend parallèlement au chemin de roulement 20, sur toute ou pratiquement toute la longueur de ce dernier.  The reservoir container 22, fixed, is delimited by a bottom and side walls; its upper opening 23 extends parallel to the raceway 20, over all or substantially the entire length of the latter.
Cette ouverture supérieure 23 peut comporter un dispositif d'obturation muni d'une lumière mobile adaptée au passage du brin amont de chaîne maître 8", ce dispositif d'obturation étant adapté pour déplacer cette lumière mobile avec le treuil tensionneur 7 ; ce dispositif d'obturation particulier peut consister en une succession de lames métalliques reliées entre elles, et qui s'enroulent et se déroulent sur des cylindres situés aux extrémités de l'ouverture 23.  This upper opening 23 may comprise a closure device provided with a movable light adapted to the passage of the upstream end of the master chain 8 ", this closure device being adapted to move this moving light with the tensioning winch 7; particular sealing may consist of a succession of interconnected metal blades, which wind and unwind on cylinders located at the ends of the opening 23.
Le chemin de roulement 20 du treuil tensionneur 7 est longé par un chemin de passage 24 sur lequel peut se déplacer un opérateur chargé des manœuvres en déplacement de ce treuil 7.  The raceway 20 of the tensioning winch 7 is bordered by a passageway 24 on which an operator can move, in charge of the maneuvers in motion of this winch 7.
Ce chemin de passage 24 est avantageusement situé de l'autre côté de l'ouverture longitudinale 23 du contenant-réservoir 22, par rapport à la structure de rails 19 du chemin de roulement 20. Pour des raisons de sécurité, ce chemin de passage 24 est avantageusement bordé par des rambardes de protection adaptées (non représentées).  This path 24 is advantageously located on the other side of the longitudinal opening 23 of the container-reservoir 22, with respect to the rail structure 19 of the race 20. For safety reasons, this path 24 is advantageously bordered by suitable guardrails (not shown).
Comme on peut le voir en particulier sur les figures 2 à 7, le chemin de roulement 20 du treuil tensionneur 7 est prévu en arrière et au-dessus de la ligne E de moyens stoppeurs 5.  As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 2 to 7, the race 20 of the tensioning winch 7 is provided behind and above the line E of stopper means 5.
Pour ses manœuvres de déplacement le long du chemin de roulement 20, le châssis 18 du treuil tensionneur 7 comporte des moyens d'entraînement qui consistent ici en un pignon 26, associé à une motorisation portée par ledit châssis 18, qui coopère avec une crémaillère complémentaire 27 ménagée sur toute la longueur de la structure de rails 19.  For its movement maneuvers along the raceway 20, the frame 18 of the tensioner winch 7 comprises drive means which here consist of a pinion 26, associated with a motorization carried by said frame 18, which cooperates with a complementary rack 27 formed along the entire length of the rail structure 19.
L'opérateur peut alors commander à volonté le pignon motorisé 26, au moyen d'un boîtier de commande adapté, pour assurer le déplacement du treuil tensionneur 7 parallèlement à lui-même sur le chemin de roulement 20, et pour le positionner correctement en regard de l'une des tables d'appui 15 et/ou de l'un des moyens stoppeurs 5, afin de permettre la manœuvre de la chaîne 2 en regard, après solidarisation du brin de chaîne maître 8 avec le maillon de liaison 6 de cette chaîne 2. The operator can then control at will the motorized gear 26, by means of a suitable control box, to ensure the displacement of the tensioner winch 7 parallel to itself on the raceway 20, and to position it correctly facing of one of the support tables 15 and / or one of the stopper means 5, in order to allow the maneuvering the chain 2 opposite, after securing the master chain strand 8 with the connecting link 6 of this chain 2.
Par exemple, pour assurer un retensionnement de chaîne, le maillon aval de l'extrémité aval du brin de chaîne maître 8 est solidarisé avec le maillon de liaison 6 du brin libre amont 2' de la chaîne 2.  For example, to ensure chain retensioning, the downstream link of the downstream end of the master chain strand 8 is secured to the connecting link 6 of the upstream free strand 2 'of the chain 2.
Cette opération, réalisée par un ou deux opérateurs en position sur le chemin de passage 1 1 est réalisée sur la table d'appui 15, ou juste au-dessus. Le ou les opérateurs peuvent utiliser pour cela un treuil électrique supplémentaire 28, solidaire du châssis 18, et donc se situant au- dessus de la table d'appui 15 sur laquelle ils travaillent, apte à assister le soulèvement du maillon de liaison 6 et faciliter sa solidarisation avec le maillon aval de la chaîne maître 8.  This operation, carried out by one or two operators in position on the path 1 1 is performed on the support table 15, or just above. The operator or operators can use for this additional electric winch 28, integral with the frame 18, and therefore located above the support table 15 on which they work, able to assist the lifting of the connecting link 6 and facilitate its connection with the downstream link of the master chain 8.
Ensuite, une fois ce liaisonnement de chaînes 2, 8 réalisé, l'opérateur manœuvre en traction le treuil tensionneur 7 pour absorber le mou de chaîne ; si cela n'était pas déjà fait, il positionne correctement le treuil tensionneur 7 de sorte à aligner son brin de traction sur l'axe A de la chaîne d'ancrage 2 associée.  Then, once this chain bonding 2, 8 achieved, the operator maneuvers the tensile winch 7 to absorb the chain slack; if this has not already been done, it correctly positions the tensioner winch 7 so as to align its pulling strand on the axis A of the associated anchoring chain 2.
Après désactivation des moyens stoppeurs 5 (par ouverture des mâchoires 9 au moyen du volant de manœuvre 10), l'opérateur peut ajuster la tension de la chaîne 2 par le treuil tensionneur 7. Une fois la tension recherchée obtenue, les moyens stoppeurs 5 sont manœuvrés en fermeture (position active) pour bloquer la chaîne d'ancrage 2, et son maillon de liaison terminal 6 peut être désolidarisé du brin de chaîne maître 8.  After deactivation of the stopper means 5 (by opening the jaws 9 by means of the handwheel 10), the operator can adjust the tension of the chain 2 by the tensioner winch 7. Once the desired tension is obtained, the stopper means 5 are maneuvered closing (active position) to block the anchor chain 2, and its terminal link link 6 can be detached from the master chain strand 8.
La même opération peut être réalisée successivement sur les différentes chaînes d'ancrage 2 à retendre.  The same operation can be carried out successively on the various anchoring chains 2 to be retightened.
On comprend aussi que des manœuvres similaires peuvent être mises en œuvre pour la mise en tension initiale des chaînes d'ancrage 2, au moment du montage de l'installation d'ancrage 1 .  It is also understood that similar maneuvers can be implemented for the initial tensioning of the anchor chains 2, at the time of mounting of the anchoring installation 1.
A titre de variante, on notera que le contenant-réservoir fixe 22, assurant le stockage de l'extrémité amont 8" du brin de chaîne maître 8, peut être remplacé par un contenant-réservoir directement porté par le châssis roulant 18 du treuil tensionneur 7 (et donc mobile avec ce treuil 7).  As a variant, it will be noted that the fixed container-tank 22, ensuring the storage of the upstream end 8 "of the master chain strand 8, can be replaced by a container-tank directly carried by the chassis 18 of the tensioner winch 7 (and therefore mobile with this winch 7).
Dans l'installation d'ancrage selon l'invention, les chaumards de renvoi 4 comportent encore avantageusement des moyens stoppeurs de chaîne qui leur sont propres (non visibles sur les figures), actionnés en activation ou en désactivation par un câble 30 dont l'extrémité de manœuvre aboutit au niveau de la table d'appui 15 associée, bloquée par une butée supérieure munie d'un crochet 31 (figures 6 et 7).  In the anchoring installation according to the invention, the return fairleads 4 advantageously still have chain stopper means which are specific to them (not visible in the figures), actuated in activation or deactivation by a cable 30 of which end of maneuver leads to the level of the associated support table 15, blocked by an upper stop provided with a hook 31 (Figures 6 and 7).
En cas de besoin, par exemple lors des manœuvres de retensionnement des chaînes 2, ces moyens stoppeurs des chaumards 4 peuvent être actionnés en désactivation, en utilisant le treuil 28 (ou un autre) monté sur le châssis 18 du treuil tensionneur 7. Pour cela, l'opérateur accroche l'extrémité du câble de treuil 28 sur le crochet 31 et il manœuvre ce treuil en traction, vers le haut. On comprend que la présence d'un treuil tensionneur unique simplifie de manière sensible la structure générale de l'installation d'ancrage selon l'invention, avec un coût de revient réduit et un poids diminué, par rapport aux installations classiques existantes. If necessary, for example during the retensioning maneuvers of the chains 2, these stopper means of the fairleads 4 can be actuated in deactivation, using the winch 28 (or another) mounted on the frame 18 of the tensioner winch 7. , the operator hooks the end of the winch cable 28 on the hook 31 and he maneuver this winch in traction, upwards. It is understood that the presence of a single tensioner winch substantially simplifies the general structure of the anchoring installation according to the invention, with a reduced cost and a reduced weight, compared to existing conventional facilities.

Claims

- REVENDICATIONS - - CLAIMS -
1 . - Installation d'ancrage au sol pour une plateforme flottante (P), laquelle installation (1 ) comprend au moins un groupe (G) formé d'une pluralité de chaînes d'ancrage juxtaposées (2), disposées parallèlement ou sensiblement parallèlement les unes aux autres, et un poste de manœuvre (3), l'extrémité inférieure (2a) de chacune desdites chaînes (2) comportant des moyens de fixation au sol (S), leur extrémité supérieure (2b) s'étendant jusqu'au poste de manœuvre (3) ménagé sur ladite plateforme (P), au-dessus de sa ligne de flottaison (F), et une zone intermédiaire (2ç) de chacune desdites chaînes (2), entre leurs extrémités inférieure (2a) et supérieure (2b), coopérant avec un dispositif de renvoi (4) fixé sur ladite plateforme (P), avantageusement sous ladite ligne de flottaison (F), lequel poste de manœuvre (3) comporte des moyens (7) pour la mise en tension desdites chaînes (2) et des moyens (22) pour stocker l'extrémité libre desdites chaînes (2), en amont desdits moyens de mise en tension (7), 1. - Anchoring installation on the ground for a floating platform (P), which installation (1) comprises at least one group (G) formed of a plurality of juxtaposed anchor chains (2) arranged in parallel or substantially parallel to each other. to the others, and a maneuvering station (3), the lower end (2a) of each of said chains (2) having ground fixing means (S), their upper end (2b) extending to the post for maneuvering (3) provided on said platform (P), above its waterline (F), and an intermediate zone (2c) of each of said chains (2), between their lower (2a) and upper ( 2b), cooperating with a deflection device (4) fixed on said platform (P), advantageously under said waterline (F), which operating station (3) comprises means (7) for tensioning said chains (2) and means (22) for storing the free end of said chains (2), in upstream of said tensioning means (7),
caractérisée en ce que ledit poste de manœuvre (3) comporte :  characterized in that said maneuver station (3) comprises:
- des moyens stoppeurs (5) activables/désactivables pour chacune desdites chaînes (2), permettant de verrouiller en position la chaîne (2) associée qui se termine par un brin libre amont (2') comportant un maillon de liaison d'extrémité (6), lesquels moyens stoppeurs (5) sont disposés les uns à côté des autres, sur une même ligne (E), et sont chacun associés à un logement-réservoir (13) pour le stockage dudit brin libre amont (2') de la chaîne associée (2), et - stoppering means (5) activatable / deactivatable for each of said chains (2), for locking in position the associated chain (2) which ends with an upstream free strand (2 ') having an end link ( 6), which stopper means (5) are arranged next to each other, on the same line (E), and are each associated with a reservoir housing (13) for storing said upstream free run (2 ') of the associated chain (2), and
- des moyens de mise en tension (7) communs pour les différentes chaînes (2), lesquels moyens de mise en tension comprennent un treuil tensionneur (7) unique, monté mobile au- dessus desdits moyens stoppeurs (5), parallèlement à ladite ligne (E) de moyens stoppeurs (5), lequel treuil tensionneur (7) comporte un brin de chaîne maître (8), dont l'extrémité aval (8') comporte un maillon aval apte à être solidarisé de manière amovible avec le maillon de liaison (6) du brin libre amont (2') desdites chaînes d'ancrage (2), et dont l'extrémité amont (8") est stockée dans un contenant-réservoir (22). common tensioning means (7) for the various chains (2), which tensioning means comprise a single tensioning winch (7) mounted movably above said stopper means (5), parallel to said line (E) stopper means (5), which tensioner winch (7) comprises a master chain strand (8), the downstream end (8 ') comprises a downstream link capable of being removably secured to the link of link (6) of the upstream free strand (2 ') of said anchor chains (2), and whose upstream end (8 ") is stored in a container-tank (22).
2. - Installation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le treuil tensionneur (7) est monté sur un châssis roulant (18) guidé par une structure de rail (19) ménagée sur un chemin de roulement (20) parallèle à ladite ligne (E) de moyens stoppeurs (5), lequel châssis roulant (18) est associé à des moyens d'entraînement (26, 27) pour permettre son déplacement le long de ladite ligne (E) de moyens stoppeurs (5), afin de permettre son positionnement au- dessus de chacun desdits moyens stoppeurs (5), et assurer la manœuvre de la chaîne d'ancrage associée (2), après connexion du maillon aval de la chaîne maître (8) dudit treuil tensionneur (7) avec le maillon de liaison (6) de ladite chaîne d'ancrage associée (2).  2. - Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioner winch (7) is mounted on a rolling frame (18) guided by a rail structure (19) formed on a raceway (20) parallel to said line (E) stopper means (5), which rolling frame (18) is associated with drive means (26, 27) to allow its movement along said line (E) of stopper means (5), in order to allow it to be positioned above each of said stopper means (5), and to maneuver the associated anchoring chain (2), after connection of the downstream link of the master chain (8) of said tensioner winch (7) with the connecting link (6) of said associated anchoring chain (2).
3. - Installation selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'entraînement du châssis roulant (18) du treuil tensionneur (7) consistent en un pignon motorisé (26) solidaire dudit châssis roulant (18), coopérant avec une crémaillère (27) s'étendant le long dudit chemin de roulement (20). 3. - Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the driving means of the rolling frame (18) of the tensioner winch (7) consist of a motorized pinion (26) integral with said rolling frame (18), cooperating with a rack (27) extending along said raceway (20).
4. - Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que l'axe de rotation (21 ) dudit treuil tensionneur (7) s'étend parallèlement audit chemin de roulement (20), l'extrémité aval verticale (8') dudit brin de chaîne maître (8) qui coopère avec ledit treuil tensionneur (7) s'étendant dans un plan vertical passant par lesdits moyens stoppeurs (5) et par lesdits logements-réservoirs associés (13), et l'extrémité amont verticale (8") dudit brin de chaîne maître (8) qui coopère avec ledit treuil tensionneur (7) s'étendant dans un plan vertical passant par ledit contenant-réservoir de stockage (22) associé. 4. - Installation according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the axis of rotation (21) of said tensioner winch (7) extends parallel to said raceway (20), the vertical downstream end (8 ') of said master chain strand (8) which cooperates with said tensioner winch (7) extending in a vertical plane passing through said stopper means (5) and said associated reservoir-housings (13), and vertical upstream end (8 ") of said master chain strand (8) which cooperates with said tensioner winch (7) extending in a vertical plane passing through said associated storage tank-container (22).
5. - Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le châssis roulant (18) du treuil tensionneur (7) porte ledit contenant-réservoir pour le stockage de l'extrémité amont dudit brin de chaîne maître (8).  5. - Installation according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the rolling frame (18) of the tensioner winch (7) carries said container-reservoir for storing the upstream end of said master chain strand ( 8).
6. - Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le contenant-réservoir (22) de stockage de l'extrémité amont (8") dudit brin de chaîne maître (8) est monté fixe au niveau du poste de manœuvre (3) et s'étend sur toute la longueur dudit chemin de roulement (20), lequel contenant-réservoir (22) comporte une ouverture supérieure (23), pour le passage dudit brin de chaîne maître (8), qui s'étend sur toute ou pratiquement toute la longueur dudit chemin de roulement (20).  6. - Installation according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the container-reservoir (22) for storing the upstream end (8 ") of said master chain strand (8) is mounted fixed at the level of the maneuvering station (3) and extends over the entire length of said race (20), which tank-container (22) has an upper opening (23), for the passage of said master chain strand (8), which extends over all or substantially the entire length of said raceway (20).
7. - Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que les logements-réservoirs (13) de stockage des brins libres amont (2') des chaînes d'ancrage (2) sont disposés dans le plan de la ligne (E) de moyens stoppeurs (5).  7. - Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the reservoir-housing (13) for storing the upstream free strands (2 ') of the anchor chains (2) are arranged in the plane of the line (E) of stopper means (5).
8. - Installation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que chaque logement- réservoir (13) de stockage du brin libre amont (2') des chaînes d'ancrage (2) comporte une ouverture supérieure (14) associée à une table d'appui latérale (15), disposée dans le prolongement de ladite ouverture supérieure (14), laquelle table d'appui (15) comprend une échancrure (16), ouverte en regard de ladite ouverture (14), pour le passage d'un maillon dudit brin libre amont de chaîne (2'), et le blocage du maillon directement amont, en appui sur ladite table (15).  8. - Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that each housing-reservoir (13) for storing the upstream free strand (2 ') anchor chains (2) comprises an upper opening (14) associated with a table d lateral support (15), disposed in the extension of said upper opening (14), which support table (15) comprises a notch (16), open facing said opening (14), for the passage of a link of said free upstream strand chain (2 '), and the blocking of the link directly upstream, bearing on said table (15).
9. - Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le maillon de liaison (6) du brin libre amont (2') des chaînes d'ancrage (2) consiste en une maille démontable.  9. - Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the connecting link (6) of the upstream free strand (2 ') of the anchor chains (2) consists of a removable mesh.
10. - Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, .caractérisée en ce que le treuil tensionneur (7) est monté sur un châssis roulant (18) qui porte un treuil supplémentaire (28), par exemple pour la manœuvre dudit maillon de liaison (6) et/ou de moyens stoppeurs aménagés sur lesdits dispositifs de renvoi (4).  10. - Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 9 ,characterized in that the tensioner winch (7) is mounted on a chassis (18) which carries an additional winch (28), for example for the maneuver of said connecting link (6) and / or stopper means arranged on said return devices (4).
EP12794382.7A 2011-10-26 2012-10-26 Installation for anchoring a floating platform to the ground Not-in-force EP2771235B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1159706A FR2981909B1 (en) 2011-10-26 2011-10-26 GROUND ANCHORING INSTALLATION FOR A FLOATING PLATFORM
PCT/FR2012/052468 WO2013061000A1 (en) 2011-10-26 2012-10-26 Installation for anchoring a floating platform to the ground

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EP2771235A1 true EP2771235A1 (en) 2014-09-03
EP2771235B1 EP2771235B1 (en) 2016-03-09

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EP (1) EP2771235B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101969894B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104010937B (en)
CA (1) CA2853392C (en)
DK (1) DK2771235T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2574481T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2981909B1 (en)
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US9233736B2 (en) 2016-01-12
WO2013061000A1 (en) 2013-05-02
CN104010937B (en) 2016-11-02
FR2981909A1 (en) 2013-05-03
FR2981909B1 (en) 2013-11-15
KR20140093221A (en) 2014-07-25
KR101969894B1 (en) 2019-04-18
EP2771235B1 (en) 2016-03-09
US20140286711A1 (en) 2014-09-25
PL2771235T3 (en) 2016-09-30
CA2853392C (en) 2018-10-02
ES2574481T3 (en) 2016-06-20
DK2771235T3 (en) 2016-06-06
CN104010937A (en) 2014-08-27
CA2853392A1 (en) 2013-05-02

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