EP3441119B1 - Reactive mobility training apparatus comprising a punch ball - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a training apparatus with a punching bag for the practice of combat sports and / or contact and gripping sports, of such a nature in particular as to increase the muscular force, the speed and the reflexes of the practitioner. It relates to such a training device comprising a punching bag.

State of the prior art

Punch bags suspended from a supporting structure are known from the state of the art. This supporting structure can be an upper suspension ring fixed either directly to the ceiling or to a bracket installed at the upper end of an upright fixed to the ground.

We know from the document FR 2 841 792 a punching bag for training in contact sports, such as boxing, karate, etc. The punching bag comprises a vertical tube surrounded by a cylindrical sleeve of elastically deformable synthetic foam. The punching bag is intended to receive blows carried by a user.

This bag is suspended above the ground and the upper and lower ends are respectively connected to upper and lower fixings by two connecting means, at least one of which is elastically deformable.
In addition, the document US6,390,958 also describes a punching bag comprising a cylindrical sleeve made of an elastically deformable material intended to receive the blows carried by a user.

Disclosure of the invention Technical problem.

The disadvantage of these various punching bags lies in the fact that their weight is entirely or mainly supported by the upper suspension ring, which requires a solid fixing of the latter either to the ceiling or to the bracket. In the case of fixing to the ceiling, the structure of the latter must be strong enough to support not only the weight of the bag but also in particular the forces resulting from the acceleration imparted to the bag by the blows carried by the practitioner.

Another drawback of the known bags lies in the fact that they are dedicated to a single type of activity and cannot be used for tackling training as practiced for example in the game of rugby or in American football. In addition, with regard to tackling training, the existing bags cannot be lifted independently.

Thus there is a need for a versatile punching bag suitable for practicing percussion sports on the one hand and percussion and / or gripping sports on the other hand. More particularly, there is a need to have a punching bag suitable for training in contact and / or combat sports (English boxing, Thai boxing, wrestling, MMA, etc.), martial arts (karate, etc.). kung fu, sambo), self-defense disciplines (krav maga, penchak silat ...) and collective combat games (rugby, American football, ...).

More particularly still, and for the practice of percussion sports, there is a need to have a punching bag with reactive mobility adjustable as a function of a percussion power. In other words, there is a need for a punch bag providing a mobility of the punch bag which is inherently controlled from characteristics specific to the punch bag, such control being adapted according to the percussion power provided by the punch bag. user. There is a need for a punch bag designed for percussion training of all of the user's limbs (fists, arms, elbows, knees, shins, feet, head) and at all punch heights, a. such a punching bag offering both the advantages of a speed punching bag (of the "speed bag" type), of a heavy punching bag (of the "heavy" bag type), without the disadvantages of each. There is also a need for such a punch bag also offering an oscillating movement which is realistic, which is for example not the case with the hanging punch bags of the prior art, in which an oscillation is reversed, the top of the hanging punch bags of the prior art remaining fixed and the bottom of the hanging punch bags of the prior art being movable. Likewise, it is desirable to have a punching bag offering ease of attachment of the punching bag, in particular to a low ceiling and to the ground, unlike the heavy punching bags of the prior art which In general, require the use of a sturdy and bulky jib crane or anchor points.
Finally, it is also desirable to have a punching bag offering a strength and responsive mobility of the punch bag which is induced by a power adjustable thrust or impact, which is lacking for the hanging punch bags of the prior art.

More particularly still, and for the practice of percussion and / or gripping sports, there is a need to have a punching and tackle bag with reactive mobility and with adjustable fall resistance as a function of a power of. a user-generated impact. In other words, there is a need for a punching and tackling bag which provides a response adapted to the power of the impact. In other words, during a tackle of the punching and tackle bag, it is desirable that the latter offer a response that is proportionate and realistic to the impact that the punching and tackle bag receives from the user, this response being Inherently controlled from characteristics specific to the punching and tackle bag. There is also a need for a punching and tackle bag which is designed both for percussion training of all the user's limbs (fists, arms, elbows, knees, shins, feet, etc.). head) on a vertical and horizontal plane, as well as the projection on the ground of the punching and tackle bag with an automatic return system of the punching and tackling bag to the vertical position, such an automatic return being however realistic and free of risk for the user. In the family of punching and tackle bags, it is desirable to have a punching and tackle bag offering both the advantages of a speed punching bag (of the speed bag type), a heavy punching bag (of the "heavy" bag type), and a tackle bag without the drawbacks of each of these bags, and in particular allowing an oscillating movement of an upper part of the punching and tackle bag which is realistic, which is not the case with the hanging punching and tackle bags of the prior art whose oscillation is reversed, the top of the punching and tackle bag of the prior art remaining fixed and the bottom the punching and tackle bag of the prior art being mobile. It is also desirable to have a punch and tackle bag that provides ease of attachment of the punch and tackle bag to a low ceiling as well as to the ground while a heavy punch and tackle bag. The prior art does not offer such ease, and as a general rule requires the use of a sturdy and cumbersome bracket or anchor points. In addition, it is also desirable to have a punching and tackle bag providing resistance and responsive mobility of the punching and tackling bag that is induced by a power adjustable thrust or impact, which is lacking for the hanging punch and tackle bags of the art prior. Finally, it is desirable to have a punching and tackle bag offering the ability to automatically lift the punching and tackling bag, after it has been brought to the ground, whereas the punching and tackling bags of the prior art must be raised by hand.

Technical solution

For this purpose the apparatus according to the present invention, for training in the practice of combat sports, contact or gripping, comprises a punching bag formed of a shock-absorbing filling material arranged in the internal volume of a substantially cylindrical envelope comprising at the lower end a closure wall, constituting the bottom wall, and at the upper end a second closure wall, characterized in that the lower part of the bag is provided with ballasting means mounted so pivoting in a shock absorber arranged around and in contact with the latter, said shock absorber is formed by an envelope wall extending in a circle and determining an open housing provided to receive the ballasting means, said envelope wall having a lower bearing face and a upper edge, the thickness of this envelope wall, measured horizontally, decreasing from the bearing face towards the upper edge.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the ballasting means is formed of a peripheral foam covering having substantially the shape of a spherical segment, and of a ballast embedded in the covering, which this ballast is fixed to the lower closure wall, and that this ballast comprises a through axial thread in which is screwed a tubular sleeve for passage of a first return means in a vertical position, said first return means being able to occupy an initial state, stable, according to which the bag is vertical and a final, unstable state according to which the bag is horizontal and lying on the ground. According to another characteristic of the invention, the ballasting means is formed of a shell determining an internal chamber in which a ballasting material is disposed, said shell having a horizontal bottom wall, a envelope wall or side wall and a horizontal upper wall, these different walls determining the internal chamber of the shell.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the lower part of the bag is provided with a protective skirt and fixing by means of ballasting.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the housing is substantially complementary in shape to that of the covering or of the shell of the ballasting means.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the envelope wall of the shock absorber forms an open ring, the two ends of which are facing each other and the shock absorber has junction elements, to join the one to the other the two ends of the formed ring.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the damper is formed by a low density foam and is provided with a protective skin for the low density foam, said protective skin being provided with calibrated through holes forming an exhaust.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the damper has an upper lip intended to cover the upper face of the ballasting means and to bear on this face.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the ballasting means is crossed right through, along a vertical axis of symmetry, by a vertical perforation constituting passage of a first elastic return means in the vertical position, said first elastic return means. being able to occupy an initial, stable state, according to which the bag is vertical and a final, unstable state according to which the bag is horizontal and lying on the ground.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the apparatus comprises, housed in the filling material of the bag, a rigid central tube, extending from the upper closure wall to the lower closure wall of the casing, said tube being fixed to said walls and forming with the latter the framework of the bag the upper and lower mouths of said tube being in communication relation respectively with a through hole made in the upper closure wall and a through hole made in the wall lower shutter, the first return means being housed at least in part in the central tube.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the apparatus comprises a second return means mechanically linked to the frame of the bag, said second return means being fixed to a first fastening member integral with the bag and more particularly with the framework of said bag and being designed to be mechanically linked to a second fastening member integral with a ceiling, or a bracket or any other structure developing above the bag.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the second return means is formed of a flexible elongate element in the form of a cable housed at least in part in the tube fixed by one of its ends to an attachment point integral with the central tube. punching bag, its other end, external to the bag, being mechanically linked to the second attachment member, said cable being subjected to forces tending to shorten the distance between the second attachment member and said bag and urging it towards its initial state.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the apparatus comprises an upper retention system elastically deformable along its length, mechanically interposed between the second attachment member and the corresponding end of the cable, said retention system constituting a second return means. .
According to another characteristic of the invention, between the upper retention system and the second return means is interposed a means capable of setting a mechanical triggering threshold value below which only the upper retention system is requested in extension and at the same time. - beyond which the second return means is also biased in traction, said means being formed by a trigger formed of at least two elements joined to each other in a separable manner, one of which is mechanically connected to the bag and the other to the retention system and to the second return means, said elements being provided to be mechanically biased apart from each other and said trigger elements remaining contiguous to one another as long as the intensity of the stress mechanism which tends to separate them is less than the value of the trigger threshold and separating from one another when the intensity of said mechanical stress is greater than the value of the threshold of dec initiation. According to another characteristic of the invention, the trigger is formed on the one hand from a wall of magnetizable material fixed to the upper wall. sealing the bag or forming part of the latter and a magnet in magnetic contact with the magnetizable wall, said magnet being fixed by a link to the upper retention system, the cable of the second return means, by its end corresponding being attached to said magnet.

Brief description of figures and drawings

• la figure 1 et la figure 2, qui ne font pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, sont des vues schématiques, en perspective partiellement écorchées d'un appareil,
• la figure 3 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue schématique en perspective d'une paroi supérieure du sac selon une première forme de réalisation,
• la figure 4 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue schématique en perspective d'une paroi supérieure de fermeture du sac selon une seconde forme de réalisation,
• la figure 5 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue en perspective d'une paroi inférieure du sac,
• les figures 6 et 7 qui ne font pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, sont des vues respectivement assemblées et en éclaté d'un premier moyen de rappel du sac en position verticale selon une première forme de réalisation,
• la figure 8 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est vue schématique du moyen de rappel inférieur selon une autre forme de réalisation,
• la figure 9 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue schématique du moyen de rappel inférieur selon une troisième forme de réalisation,
• la figure 10 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue schématique du moyen de rappel inférieur selon une quatrième forme de réalisation,
• la figure 11 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue en perspective d'un moyen de guidage d'un second moyen de rappel du sac en position verticale,
• les figures 12, 13, 14 qui ne font pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, sont des vues d'une première forme de réalisation du moyen de rappel supérieur du sac en position verticale,
• les figures 15, 16 et 17 qui ne font pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, sont des vues d'une deuxième forme de réalisation du moyen de rappel supérieur,
• la figure 18 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue schématique d'une troisième forme de réalisation du moyen de rappel supérieur,
• les figures 19 et 20 qui ne font pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, montrent une première forme de réalisation d'un moyen de rétention supérieur,
• la figure 21 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, montre une seconde forme de réalisation d'un moyen de rétention supérieur,
• la figure 22 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue en plan d'une première forme de réalisation d'un déclencheur,
• la figure 23 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, est une vue en perspective d'une deuxième forme de réalisation d'un déclencheur,
• la figure 24 qui ne fait pas partie de la présente invention revendiquée, montre le détail d'un déclencheur selon une troisième forme de réalisation,
• la figure 25 est une vue d'un sac, en éclaté, selon la présente invention,
• la figure 26 est une vue en éclaté d'un sac selon une autre forme de réalisation,
• le figure 27 est une vue du sac assemblé, selon la figure 26.
• la figure 28 est une vue en coupe d'un amortisseur.
• la figure 29 est une vue selon une échelle agrandie d'un détail de l'amortisseur selon la figure 28.

Other advantages, aims and characteristics of the invention will become apparent on reading the description of a preferred embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• the figure 1 and the figure 2 , which do not form part of the present claimed invention, are diagrammatic views, in perspective partially broken away, of an apparatus,
• the figure 3 which does not form part of the present invention claimed, is a schematic perspective view of an upper wall of the bag according to a first embodiment,
• the figure 4 which does not form part of the present invention claimed, is a schematic perspective view of an upper closure wall of the bag according to a second embodiment,
• the figure 5 which does not form part of the present invention claimed, is a perspective view of a bottom wall of the bag,
• the figures 6 and 7 which do not form part of the present invention claimed, are respectively assembled and exploded views of a first means for returning the bag to a vertical position according to a first embodiment,
• the figure 8 which does not form part of the present invention claimed, is a schematic view of the lower return means according to another embodiment,
• the figure 9 which does not form part of the present invention claimed, is a schematic view of the lower return means according to a third embodiment,
• the figure 10 which does not form part of the present invention claimed, is a schematic view of the lower return means according to a fourth embodiment,
• the figure 11 which does not form part of the claimed invention, is a perspective view of a means for guiding a second means for returning the bag to a vertical position,
• the figures 12, 13, 14 which do not form part of the present invention claimed, are views of a first embodiment of the upper return means of the bag in a vertical position,
• the figures 15, 16 and 17 which do not form part of the present invention claimed, are views of a second embodiment of the upper return means,
• the figure 18 which does not form part of the present invention claimed, is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the upper return means,
• the figures 19 and 20 which do not form part of the present invention claimed, show a first embodiment of an upper retention means,
• the figure 21 which is not part of the claimed invention, shows a second embodiment of an upper retention means,
• the figure 22 which does not form part of the present claimed invention, is a plan view of a first embodiment of a trigger,
• the figure 23 which does not form part of the present invention claimed, is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a trigger,
• the figure 24 which is not part of the present invention claimed, shows the detail of a trigger according to a third embodiment,
• the figure 25 is a view of a bag, exploded, according to the present invention,
• the figure 26 is an exploded view of a bag according to another embodiment,
• the figure 27 is a view of the assembled bag, according to figure 26 .
• the figure 28 is a sectional view of a shock absorber.
• the figure 29 is a view on an enlarged scale of a detail of the shock absorber according to the figure 28 .

Best ways to carry out the invention,

As shown, the training apparatus for practicing the sports of fighting, contact or gripping, comprises a punching bag 1, a horizontal sole 20 for support on the ground, able to be immobilized on the ground S, on which the punching bag 1 rests by its bottom, the entire weight of the punching bag 1 being supported by this sole 20 for supporting the ground. Between the sole 20 and the bag 1 is established a mechanical connection, preferably of the ball joint type, allowing the pivoting movement of the bag 1 along at least one vertical plane and this around the point of contact between the bottom of the bag and the sole 20. The apparatus according to the invention is provided with a means 21 for lower return of the bag 1 in a vertical position, said return means 21, or first return means acting in the lower part of the bag, being able to occupy a initial, stable state, according to which the bag 1 is vertical and a final, unstable state, according to which the bag 1 is horizontal and lying on the ground.

The punching bag 1, generally of cylindrical shape, comprises an outer casing 2 which consists of a skin, indifferently natural, such as leather or the like, or synthetic, such as a plastic material, especially nylon or the like. The outer casing 2 is shaped as a tube defined along a first geometric axis of revolution A1.

The outer casing 2 houses an inner casing 3 which is made of a material which gives the punching bag 1 a defined geometric shape, in particular cylindrical. Such a material is for example a flexible resin or the like. The internal envelope 3 is shaped as a tube defined along a second geometric axis of revolution A2 which coincides with the first geometric axis of revolution A1. The internal envelope 3 houses at least one cylindrical damping block 4, forming a filling material, defined along a third geometric axis of revolution A3 which coincides with the second geometric axis of revolution A2. The cylindrical damping block 4 is preferably made of a cellular material, such as a foam or a similar elastically deformable material, exhibiting in particular a high resilience, to return to an original conformation after a blow is struck by a user. on the punching bag 1. The foam has a density chosen to offer the punching bag 1 a better compromise between a suitable weight, mobility and responsiveness.

According to a preferred variant embodiment, the cylindrical damper block 4 consists of a plurality of elementary damping cylindrical blocks 4 'which are stacked on top of each other along the third geometric axis of revolution A3.

Alternatively, the filling material can be constituted by a pressurized fluid, for example air, the bag 1 then being constituted by an inflatable enclosure sealed to this fluid.

The cylindrical damping block 4 accommodates a central tube 5 which is preferably elastically deformable in order to be able to bend without risk of breakage. This tube is also of cylindrical conformation defined along a fourth geometric axis of revolution A4 which coincides with the third axis of revolution A3. This central tube, rigid, for example metallic has at each upper and lower end a mouth constituting an axial opening. The or each means for returning the bag to the vertical position is housed at least in part in the tube 5 and is fixed to the latter either directly or by means of a mechanical connection. Thus the forces for returning the bag to position are taken up by the framework of the bag.

The punching bag 1 and more particularly the internal envelope comprises an upper closure wall 6 and a lower closure wall 19 opposite to the previous one, constituting the bottom of the bag. The tube 5 extends from the upper wall 6 to the lower wall 19 and is preferably fixed to the latter and constitutes with said walls the framework of the bag. The upper closure wall 6 is formed along a disk plane P1 orthogonal to the fourth axis of revolution A4. The upper wall 6 comprises at its periphery upper eyelets 7 for the passage of an upper ring through said upper eyelets 7 and median eyelets 7 'which comprises an upper periphery 8 of the outer casing 2. These provisions aim to allow easy assembly of the punching bag 1 and allowing rapid maintenance operations of the punching bag 1.

According to one embodiment, as shown in figure 3 , the upper closure wall 6 is arranged in a circular disc. This wall 6 is preferably fixed by its central zone to the upper end of the tube 5 either directly by any known means, or by means of a fastening element capable of receiving a first member outside the bag. tie under fixing ring shape 9, visible in figure 3 . According to this embodiment, the fixing element is for example a shouldered threaded sleeve, engaged by its threaded portion first in a central through hole formed in the upper wall 6 and then in a threaded portion formed in the upper part of the tube. 5. The diameter of the through hole may be equal to the internal diameter of the tube 5. By screwing the threaded sleeve, the shoulder that the latter comprises bears against the upper face of the wall 6. In this way, this wall 6 is clamped between the upper end of the tube and the shoulder of the threaded sleeve. The ring 9 associated with this sleeve may include a guide and holding pin and will be engaged in rotation, by its pin, in an axial through bore made in the sleeve. This axis, longer than the sleeve, will receive at the free end, outside the bore of the sleeve, a retaining ring ensuring the immobilization in translation of the ring 9 relative to said sleeve. To this ring 9 can be fixed a return means in a vertical position, also fixed to a second fastening member integral with a structure extending above the bag such as ceiling, bracket or the like.

According to another embodiment, as illustrated in figure 4 , the upper closure wall 6 is formed of a circular closure plate 12 and of an upper closure plate 11 covering the circular plate 12 and fixed to the latter. The closure plate 12 also comprises closure eyelets 17 for the passage of said upper ring and the assembly between them of the closure plate 12, the outer casing 2 and the upper closure disc 6. The upper closure plate 11 is fixed to the closure plate 12 by means of screws 14. These fixing screws are engaged by their threaded rod in through holes 15 formed in the upper saucer 12 and still by their threaded rod, are engaged in threads 16 feedthroughs made in the closure plate 12.

Finally, the upper saucer 11 and the closure plate 12 are each provided with a central through orifice 18, 18 'for the passage of a guide member 75 ( fig.11 ) a return means in this case a cable 64, this return means of the bag in the vertical position, hereinafter referred to as second return means being described below. According to one embodiment, the guide member 75 as shown more particularly in figure 16 equip the party upper tube 5.

The wall 19 constituting the bottom of the bag comprises an axis of revolution A6 which coincides with the fourth geometric axis of revolution A4.

This wall 19 receives the central tube 5 in attachment.

The lower wall 19, according to a first embodiment as shown in figure 5 , is convex and adopts the shape of a spherical cap, this spherical cap being able to be a hemisphere.

The sole 20 for supporting the ground can be made integral with the ground S by means of at least one screw 23 or by means of any other similar fixing means. This support sole 20 can be formed by a thin metal plate or else by a foam mat capable of absorbing shocks. Alternatively, the support sole 20 is not fixed to the ground, but is kept fixed relative to the ground by a ballast. In this case, the support sole 20 advantageously constitutes the upper wall of a box receiving the ballast. This ballast may consist of water, sand or other filling material of sufficient density. Any other means known to the person skilled in the art could be used to keep the support sole fixed with respect to the ground. For example, the bearing surface on the ground of this sole could be configured in a non-slip manner.

As a variant, the sole 20, in the form of a metal plate or in the form of a carpet, could be sufficiently heavy to constitute a ballast in itself.

As said previously, the bag 1 is equipped with a lower return means 21 in the vertical position, or first return means, this return means acting in the lower part of the bag.

According to a first embodiment, the or the first return means 21 is fixed on the one hand to the frame of the bag and on the other hand to the support sole on the ground 20. This return means 21 is constituted by elastic member mounted in tension between an attachment point formed in the tube 5, in the lower or upper zone of the latter and an attachment point formed in the support sole 20. This return means 21 thus passes through in part the lower wall 19 by passing through a through hole 36 of the latter. This through hole 36 is in communication with the lower mouth of the tube 5.

According to a first embodiment, as shown in figures 6 and 7 , the first return means 21 comprises a main cylinder 24, forming a cage, mounted in the lower part of the central tube 5. This main cylinder receives a first return member 25 in the form of a coil spring and a flexible link in the form of a cable 26 providing the mechanical connection between the coil spring 25 and the support sole 20. The main cylinder 24 comprises a fifth axis of revolution A5 which coincides with the fourth axis of revolution A4. The first return member 25 and the first cable 26 are mounted jointly in series between a first anchoring point 27 provided on the support sole on the ground 20 and a second anchoring point 28 provided on an upper plug 30 of blockage of the main cylinder. The upper plug 30 and a cable guide plug 29 engaged in the lower part of the main cylinder are provided to close a main recess 31 made inside the main cylinder 24, this main recess 31 receiving in particular the return member 25. The cable guide stopper 29 has a through hole 29 'for the passage of the first cable 26. The cable guide stopper 29 is integral with the main cylinder 24 and the bottom wall 19 of the bag 1. The upper stopper 30 is integral with the main cylinder 24. More particularly, the second anchoring point 28 is provided on an anchoring screw 33 mounted to rotate freely on itself in a bore passing through the upper plug 30. The main cylinder 24 has a groove at its periphery. locking 34 which receives one end of a locking screw to secure one to the other the main cylinder 24 and the tube 5 not shown in these figures. These arrangements are such that when the punching bag 1 is pressed, the first cable 26 is able to circulate through the orifice 29 'to allow a tilt relative to the support sole 20, then the first return member. 25 tends to return the first cable 26 to its initial position, that is to say inside the main cylinder 24.

According to another embodiment, as shown in figure 8 the first return means 21 is formed of an elastic elongate element consisting of an elastic ring 21a fixed to a rod 50 diametrical to the tube 5 and engaged in radial holes passing through the latter. This ring elastic 210, in a manner opposite to the diametrical rod, receives a link 21b for attachment to the sole 20 for supporting the ground or, alternatively, is directly attached to the latter. This elastic ring or the link 21b is engaged in the through hole 36 that the lower wall 19 has.

As a variant, the elongate elastic element 21a is formed of a coil spring fixed on the one hand to the tube 5 and on the other hand to the sole 20, this spring being engaged in the through hole 36 that the lower wall 19 has. 19. This elongate element may be constituted by an elastic cable.

According to yet another embodiment, as shown in figure 9 , the first return means 21 is fixed on the one hand to the sole 20 and on the other hand to an element mounted in the concavity determined by the lower wall 19, this element, in a nonlimiting manner, being able to be constituted by the block lower elementary cylindrical 4 '. With this in mind, this cylindrical block 4 'will then be formed by a foam block of suitable density or else by any other material having sufficient rigidity to withstand the compressive action of the first return means 21. In this case. , this lower elementary block 4 ', provided with a through bore in the axial extension of the bore 36 of the lower wall 19, will receive in said bore passing through said first return means, which will consist essentially of an elastic cable or a spring to turns. This cable or spring, by its lower end will be fixed by any known means to the sole 20. The upper end of this cable or spring will be fixed to a pivot mechanism carried by a support plate on the upper face of the elementary block. lower 4 '. Such a pivot mechanism known per se, allows the rotation of the bag 1 around the axes A1-A4 relative to the return means 21 and thus avoids any torsional stress on said return means 21.

According to another embodiment, as shown in figure 10 , the first return means 21 is formed of a ballast installed in the lower part of the bag around the central tube 5. More particularly, the lower closure wall 19 or bottom wall, by its external face is hemispherical and determines a internal volume also hemispherical in which the ballast is placed. The center of mass of the ballast is below the center of the equatorial section of the hemispherical volume to form a tumbler. According to this embodiment, the bottom wall 19 does not have a through hole for the passage of the return means 21. Alternatively, the ballast constituting the return means is coupled to an elastic link fixed on the one hand to the sole 20 and on the other hand to the tube 5. In this case, the wall 19 comprises the through hole 36 for the passage of the elastic link.

Advantageously, without this being limiting, the apparatus according to the invention comprises an upper return means or second return means mechanically linked to the frame of the bag 1. This upper return means is fixed to a first attachment member. integral with the bag 1 and more particularly with the framework of said bag and is designed to be mechanically linked to a second fastening member integral with a ceiling, or a bracket or any other structure developing above the bag . This second return means can be mechanically linked directly to the second fastening member or else by means of elements ensuring in particular a mechanical connection between said second return means and said second fastening member.

According to one embodiment, this second return means is formed essentially of a flexible elongate element in the form of a cable 64 housed at least in part in the tube 5 subjected to internal or external forces tending to shorten the distance between the first and second attachment member and return said bag to its initial state, namely in a vertical position.

According to a first embodiment, not shown, the cable 64 is elastic and develops completely outside the bag. In this case, this cable 64 is fixed by one of its ends to the fixing ring 9 visible in figure 3 . By this ring 9, the cable is secured to the central tube 5. By its other end the cable will be linked to the second fixing member either directly or, as said previously, by means of elements providing a mechanical connection between said cable. 64 and said second fixing means.

According to another embodiment as shown in figures 12 to 18 , the member for attaching the cable 64 to the bag is located in the tube 5 and said cable is engaged, as said previously, in a guide member 75 fitted to the upper part of the tube 5, this guide member being engaged in the through holes 18 and 18 'of the upper saucer 11 and of the closure plate 12, constituting the upper closure wall 6.

The guide member 75, ( Fig.11 ) in the form of a cylindrical sleeve, comprises an axial bore 76 passing through the passage of the cable 64. The guide member is for example provided with a screw thread 77 for its contribution to the central tube 5 and more particularly in a thread formed in the upper part of the tube.

According to a preferred embodiment, this guide member 75 is provided in the upper part with a support collar 78, coming to bear on the upper end of the tube 5. In addition, this collar 78 can be fixed by screw. the closure plate 12. Alternatively, the collar 78 will rest on the upper face of the upper saucer 11 and will be fixed by screws to the latter. These arrangements ensure the immobilization of the fixing of the tube 5 to the upper closure wall 6. The upper and lower edges of the through-bore 76 will each have a chamfer or else a fillet to avoid forming a sharp edge likely to wear out the. cable. The same arrangement can be reproduced for the through holes 18 and 18 '.

According to one embodiment, as shown in figures 12, 13, 14 , the cable 64 is inextensible and the member for attaching the cable 64 to the bag, or the first member for attaching the bag, is housed in the tube 5 and is fixed to the latter. This attachment member is the drum 62 of a reel with return spring mounted in said tube 5 and fixed to the latter. More precisely, the reel comprises a casing 61 fixed to the tube 5, in which the drum 62 is rotatably mounted on a pin 65 carried by the casing. The return spring 63 is formed of a blade arranged in a spiral.

The spring 63 is mounted between the axis of rotation 65 and the drum 62 in order to exert a return torque on the latter and to urge the drum towards an initial angular position. More precisely, the return spring wound around the axis 65 and fixed to the latter by one of its ends, is fixed by its other end to the drum 62.

The reel can be mounted in the upper part of the tube 5, or else according to an alternative embodiment, in the lower part immediately above the first return means 21.

According to another embodiment, as shown in figures 15 to 18 , the cable 64 constituting the second return means is elastic over its entire length or over a fraction thereof. According to this form of embodiment, the cable 64 is fixed by one of its ends, internal to the tube 5, in the upper part of the said tube 5 and is wound on the sheave of a lower pulley 80 mounted in fixation, by its yoke, in the lower part of the tube ( Figs 16, 17 ).

According to an execution variant ( Fig. 18 ), the cable 64 is wound on the sheave of at least one upper pulley 81 mounted in the upper part of the tube 5 and fixed by its yoke to the latter, and on the sheaves of at least one lower pulley 82 mounted in fixing , by its yoke, in the lower part of the tube 5.

In the embodiments described above, the lower pulley 80, 82 of the second elastic return means is fixed to the central tube 5 by its yoke, but according to an alternative embodiment, the first return means, in the form of an elastic member. , is fixed to the lower pulley 80, 82 of the second elastic return means, this second pulley being mounted in translation in the central tube 5.

The cable 64 by its corresponding end can be fixed directly to the second fixing means, but alternatively, between the ceiling attachment member or second attachment member and the corresponding end of the cable 64 of the second return means, or upper return means, is mechanically interposed an upper retention system 10 elastically deformable along its length. This upper retention system 10 constitutes the element or one of the aforementioned mechanical connection elements between the cable 64 and the second fixing member. This upper retention system 10 also fulfills the role of a return means and completes and / or modifies the action of the cable 64. It can also be used as an upper return means, without the cable 64 and the elements of recall associated with the latter. This upper retention system 10 is provided with a ring for fixing to the second attachment member. It is understood that in this case, the cable is not linked directly to the second attachment member but is linked to the latter via the upper retention system 10.

According to a first embodiment, as shown in figures 1, 2 , 12 , 19, 20 , the upper retention system 10 comprises a central elastic element in the form of a cable 40 and several peripheral elastic elements in the form of cables 41. As can be seen from these different elements 40, 41 are parallel to each other and arranged in bundles, and are fixed by their ends to two upper 42 and lower 39 plates spaced apart from each other. Advantageously, the elastic peripheral elements 41 are individually detachably attached to at least one of the two plates so as to be able to adjust the stiffness of the upper retention system. According to the embodiment illustrated in figure 19 , the peripheral elements 41 are individually detachably attached to the lower plate 39 and for this purpose, each element 41, in the lower part, comprises a bulge 410 while the lower plate 39 comprises radial slots 390 emerging at the periphery. Each peripheral element 41 is fixed to the plate 39 by engagement in the corresponding radial slot, the bulge 410 bearing against the lower face of the plate 39. To accommodate the bulge of each element 41, the lower face of the plate may include a series of recessed impressions, in communication relation with the corresponding radial slot 390.

The lower plate 39, as can be seen in figure 20 , is equipped with a ring 53 for fixing the corresponding end of the cable 64. This fixing ring 53 extends under the plate 39 and comprises a radial journal through which it is engaged in the internal ring of a bearing. ball 54 mounted in a central housing formed in the plate 39.

The upper plate 42 is provided with a fixing ring 59 to the second fixing member.

According to a second embodiment, as shown in figures 15, 16 , 21 this upper retention system 10 consists of a coil spring 70 and comprises a connecting assembly 72 to which is fixed on the one hand the corresponding end of the cable 64 and on the other hand the lower end of the coil spring 70. This retention system further comprises a pivot mechanism 71 fixed to the upper end of the coil spring and designed to be fixed to the second fixing member. The pivot mechanism 71 allows the punch bag 1 to rotate on itself 360 °. The pivot mechanism 71 preferably consists of a journal shackle comprising a shackle and a journal.

Advantageously, between the upper retention system 10 and the frame of the bag is interposed means capable of setting a mechanical trigger threshold value below which the upper retention system 10 is fixed to the frame of the bag and beyond which, said retention system 10 by its end lower is separated from the framework.
This means is constituted by a trigger 44 ( Figs 22 , 23, 24 ) formed of at least two elements 440, 441, joined to one another in a separable manner, the first 440 of which is mechanically connected to the framework of the bag 1 and the second 441, to the retention system 10 said elements being designed to be mechanically biased apart from one another. These trip elements remain in engagement with one another as long as the intensity of the mechanical stress which tends to separate them is less than the value of the tripping threshold; on the other hand, they separate from one another when the intensity of said mechanical stress is greater than the value of the tripping threshold.

According to a first embodiment, the bag comprises two upper return means, one of which comprises the cable 64 and the other is constituted by the upper retention means 10. According to this embodiment, the cable 64 is fixed to the second element 441 of the trigger. Thus below the value of the trigger threshold, only the upper retention means 10 is requested to extend, on the other hand when this value is exceeded, the two elements 440, 441 of the trigger 44 separate from one another and the cable 64 is also stressed in traction.

According to another embodiment as shown in figure 25 the bag has only one upper return means, namely the upper retention means 10 and the second element of the trigger only receives in attachment the lower end of said retention means 10. According to this embodiment, when the trigger threshold is crossed, the upper retention means 10 is suddenly separated from the bag 1.

According to embodiments such as shown in figures 22 , 2 and 24 , the first element 440 of the trigger 441 is formed either of a wall which may be made of a magnetizable material, for example steel, or of a magnetized wall, or even of a magnet. This first element 440 is fixed to the upper wall 6 of the bag 1 or forms part of the latter. The second element 441 is constituted by a magnet in magnetic relation with the first element 440, said magnet 441 being fixed to the lower end of the upper retention system 10.

Additionally, the magnet 441 comprises a projecting lever in the form of a rigid rod 443 at the free end of which the upper retention system 10 is fixed either directly or by means of a flexible link 442. The projection formed by said rod or lever on the magnet 441 is advantageously adjustable in height, in order to form an adjustable lever arm. To this end, the rod 443 is threaded and is engaged by screwing by this thread in an internal thread made in the magnet 441. By screwing or unscrewing the rod 442, the length of the lever arm formed by the protruding part of said rod is adjusted. rod.

The magnetic attraction force, between the two elements 440, 441 of the trigger can be adjusted by interposing one or more shims 444, for example made of non-magnetic material of suitable thickness. This or these wedges are interposed between the magnet 441 and the magnetizable wall 440.

In the case where the bag is equipped with two upper return means, one of which is formed by the by the upper retention means and the other comprises a cable 64, the latter will be fixed by the end of the cable to the first element 440 to namely the magnet, by means of a pivot connection known per se.

According to another embodiment, as shown in figure 23 , the first element 440 in the form of a magnet is fixed to the upper wall 6 of the bag 1 and is surmounted by the second element 441, the latter being tubular and being formed of a magnetizable material, for example steel, or a material magnetized or else by a magnet. This second element 441 is provided with an internal thread 445 in which a tubular element forming a lever 443 is screwed in, the latter, for this purpose always comprising an appropriate thread. By screwing the lever 443 into the first, the value of the lever arm formed by the projecting part of the lever 443 relative to the second element 441 of the trigger and consequently the value of the trigger threshold is adjusted. The magnetic force of attraction between the magnet 440 and the second element 441 can be adjusted by interposing at least one non-magnetic wedge of suitable thickness.

As said above, in the case where the bag is equipped with two upper return means, one of which is formed by the by the retention means upper and the other comprises a cable 64, the latter return means will be fixed by the end of the cable 64 to the second element 441, namely the magnet, by means of a pivot link 50 'known per se. This pivot mechanism allows the punching bag 1 to rotate on itself 360 ° without creating any torsional stress on the cable 64.

Finally, the lever 443 also comprises a cable guide 49 which is formed in a central part 50. This through cable guide constitutes a passage with a link providing a mechanical connection between a central point 45 of the first element 440 and the upper retention system. 10.

According to another preferred embodiment ( Fig. 24 ), the first and second elements 440, 441 of the trigger are each formed by a plurality of magnets 440a, 441a arranged in a suitable frame, aluminum for example or any other non-magnetic material.

Each frame is in the form of a thick disc having two large flat faces of which one or support face is provided to be brought into contact with the large bearing face of the frame of the other element of the trigger. Several cylindrical blind holes are made in the frame from the large bearing face. The cylindrical magnets 440a, 441a have dimensions equal to those of the bores and are engaged in fixing in the latter so as to come flush with the bearing face of the frame. The poles of each magnet 440a, 441a correspond respectively to their two terminal flat faces. The magnets 440a, 441a of each element 440, 441 of the trigger 44 are arranged opposite to the magnets of the other element in order to create the conditions for a mutual magnetic attraction between the two said elements 440, 441. The advantage of such an arrangement lies in the self-centering of the two elements 440, 441 during their mutual attraction.

In figures 25 and 26 are shown embodiments of the bag 1 according to the invention. The lower closure wall 19 is in the form of a disc to which the two internal and external envelopes 2, 3 are fixed.

As can be seen in figure 25 , the lower part of the bag 1 is provided with a weighting means 100 formed by a peripheral covering 100a, of preferably in dense foam, having substantially the shape of a spherical segment and of a ballast 105 embedded in the constituent foam of the peripheral covering. This ballast is advantageously made of a thick cast iron disc in order to form a tumbler. This ballast 105 , made of cast iron, is fixed by screws to the lower closure wall 19. It further comprises a through axial thread in which is screwed in a tubular sleeve 190 for guiding and passing through the first return means 21.

In figure 26 an exploded view is another embodiment of a punching bag according to the invention. It can be seen that the bag still comprises, in the lower part, a weighting means 100. This weighting means 100, according to this embodiment is formed of a rigid shell 110, determining an internal chamber 111 in which a material is placed. ballast 112 which may be in solid form, or in granular form or in liquid form.

The shell 110 has a horizontal bottom wall 110a, an envelope wall or side wall 110b and a horizontal top wall 110c, these different walls determining the internal chamber 111 of the shell. The bottom wall 19 of the bag 1 bears on the top wall 110c of the shell 110.

Advantageously, the internal chamber 111 of the shell 110 has an upper opening to receive the ballast material. This upper opening is equipped with a sealing cover capable of producing a tight sealing. This sealing cover then constitutes the upper wall 110C of the shell 110.

Preferably, the cover 110C is screwed into an internal thread formed in the upper opening of the shell 110 constituting the ballasting means 100.

According to the embodiment object of the figure 26 , the lower part of the bag is provided with a skirt 120 for protection and fixing by means of ballasting 100. This protective skirt 120, made of a flexible material, surrounds the lower part of the bag and is fixed by its upper part to said bag by seams for example. This protective skirt 120 flares downwards and comprises along its lower edge, a means of fixing by means of ballast 100. In the embodiment, this fixing means is constituted by a hem 121 formed along the lower edge of the skirt 120 and arranged in passing, by a lace 122 slidably mounted in the hem and by a continuous groove 113 formed in the upper part of the envelope wall 110b of the shell 110, said groove receiving the hem 121 of the skirt 120. Thus, in this groove 113 is fixed, by lacing, the lower part of the skirt 120 by means of ballast 100. It should be noted that the fixing operation by The lacing has the effect of tightening the skirt 120 and that under the action of this tensioning, the lower wall 19 of the bag is applied against the upper wall 110c of the shell 110.

Advantageously, a filling foam 123 may be placed between the skirt 120 and the lower part of the bag 1. This filling foam will be elastically deformable so as to be able to deform under the effect of mechanical stress and resume its initial shape as soon as possible. that the mechanical stress ceases. Such an arrangement is such as to absorb the shocks which the skirt may undergo and thus reinforces the protection against shocks of the lower part of the bag.

According to the embodiment presented, the skirt 120 determines a frustoconical volume, the large base of this volume corresponding to the lower edge of said skirt.

According to one embodiment, the ballasting means is crossed right through, along its vertical axis of symmetry, by a vertical perforation constituting passage to the first elastic return means 21. In the embodiment, this through perforation is constituted by a first through hole made in the lower wall 110a of the shell 110, in the center of this wall, by the internal bore of a first vertical tube 114 internal to the shell 110 and fixed to the lower wall 110a in the axial extension of the first through hole and by a second through hole 115 made in the upper wall 110c of the shell 110 in the center of this wall. Preferably, this second bore 115 is extended in the shell 110 by the internal bore of a second vertical tube 116, fixed to the upper wall 110c of the shell 110, in the axial extension of the second bore 115, this second vertical tube 116 cooperating in a fitting relationship with the first tube 114. Advantageously, the lower part of the first tube receives a sleeve tubular guide 190 and passage of the first return means 21.

According to the embodiment object of the figure 26 , the shell determines a substantially frustoconical volume, the small base of which corresponds to the lower wall 110a of the shell.

Additionally, the ballasting means 100 in its two embodiments, is pivotally mounted in a shock absorber 101 fixed to the sole 20 or placed on the latter or alternatively, placed on the ground. This damper 101 is arranged around the ballasting means 100 and in contact with the latter. This damper 101 is made of low density foam. This foam is elastically deformable so as to be able to deform under the effect of mechanical stress and resume its initial shape as soon as the mechanical stress ceases.

The damper 101 is formed by an envelope wall 104 extending in a circle. This envelope wall 104 determines an open housing 102 provided to receive the ballasting means 100. This housing 102, preferably, is substantially of a shape complementary to that of the casing or of the shell of the ballasting means. This envelope wall 104 has a lower bearing face and an upper border. Preferably, the thickness of this envelope wall 104, measured horizontally, decreases from the bearing face towards the upper edge. Such an arrangement facilitates the elastic deformation of the upper part of the envelope wall 104 under the effect of the pivoting movement of the bag 1 and is such as to damp this movement to prevent the bag from falling to the ground under the effect of blows. cashed.

Preferably, the envelope wall 104 constituting the damper 101, forms an open ring in the sense that it has two opposite ends facing one another. In this embodiment, the damper 101, comprises junction elements in the form of straps to join the two said ends to one another and to close the ring formed. Advantageously, each strap will consist of a self-gripping strip of the type known under the trade name of “Velcro”. Each strap by one of its two ends is fixed by sewing to one of the two end zones of the shock absorber 101 and is designed to cooperate in fixing with a self-gripping element fixed by sewing on the other zone. end of the shock absorber. This damper arrangement 101 in the form of an open ring allows easy and rapid positioning of this damper around the weighting means 100 without having to handle either the bag 1 or said weighting means 100.

Preferably, the damper 101 as described is provided with a skin 106 for protecting the low density foam. This 106 protective skin has 107 calibrated through holes ( Fig. 29 ) forming an exhaust. These calibrated orifices 107 allow the escape of the air contained in the pores of the foam when the damper 101 is compressed. Such an arrangement prevents the shock absorber 101 from bursting under the effect of excessive internal air pressure. It also makes it possible, thanks to the calibrated holes, to reinforce the damping function of the shock absorber. A shutter can be associated with each calibrated hole to adjust the damping. This shutter may be constituted by a self-gripping strip such as that known under the trade name of "Velcro".

Advantageously, the damper 101 as can be seen in figure 28 has an upper lip 103 designed to cover the upper face of the ballasting means 100 and to bear on this face. Such an arrangement ensures that the damper 101 and the ballasting means 100 are held in relation to each other.

The first return means 21 as illustrated in figures 25 and 26 comprises an elastic member 210 and two inextensible upper 214a and lower 214b links fixed respectively to the upper and lower ends of the elastic member. The link 214b is engaged by its lower part in the tubular sleeve 190 and optionally in a tubular threaded sleeve designed to be screwed into a blind or through thread of the sole 20 for supporting the ground. The lower link 214b is fixed to the threaded sleeve by means of a retaining pin 212 ( Fig. 25 ). For this purpose, the lower link 214b receives in the lower part a fixing pin 211 provided with a through diametral bore, receiving under the threaded sleeve, the retaining pin 212. Under the effect of the tension of the elastic member 210 , the retaining pin 212 bears against the underside of the threaded sleeve. Such an arrangement makes it possible to facilitate the attachment of the bag to the sole 20 for supporting the ground. To do this, the elastic member 210 is relaxed and the pin is placed in the fixing pin 211, under the threaded sleeve. This threaded sleeve is independent of the lower wall 19 of the bag and can then be screwed into the thread of the sole without having to handle the bag. Alternatively, the lower link 210b could be attached to a looped strap fixed by its two ends to a plate intended to be placed under the sole 20, the looped strap then being engaged in the through hole that the sole 20 comprises. , the plate is fixed to the ground.

The elastic member 210 is fixed, preferably by means of a swivel 213, the link 214a The link 214a is preferably fixed by means of a swivel 213 to the elastic member 210. This link 214a , usable for tensioning the elastic member 210 is preferably fixed to the upper wall 6 and is engaged in a bore passing through the upper wall 6 and receives above this wall a cable clamp forming a stop. Under the effect of the tension imparted to the elastic member 210, the cable tie comes to rest against the upper face of the upper wall 6 of the bag 1. Alternatively, the through hole of the upper wall 6 will be configured so as to present a constricted zone centered with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bag and a widened zone adjoining the constricted zone. With such an arrangement, the tensioning link 214a comprises a series of equidistant nodes 215, or other extra thicknesses, freely sliding in the enlarged zone of the bore passing through the wall 6. The narrowed zone of the bore has a diameter slightly greater than that of the link 214a but much less than that of the extra thickness formed by each node. Thus, with a view to the tensioning, the link 214a is engaged in the constricted zone and the node 215 immediately above the upper wall is brought to bear, under the effect of the tension of the elastic member 210, against the edge of the narrowed area of the through hole.

Such a bag can therefore be used without a second return means, but according to an alternative embodiment as shown in figure 25 , 26 , 27 , is provided a second return means formed exclusively of an upper retention system 10 as previously described in its various embodiments. This retention system 10 can be directly attached to the bag, for example to the ring 9 visible in figures 1 and 3 , but according to a preferred form of embodiment, this retention system 10 is attached to the bag 1 by means of a trigger 44 as previously described in its various embodiments.

In figures 26 and 27 it can be seen that the element 440 of the trigger 44 is fixed to an orientable mount fixed in the upper part of the bag which allows the orientation of the trigger in the direction of the force undergone. This frame is advantageously constituted by a set of horizontal straps 446, which may be elastic, arranged in a cross and fixed by their ends to the upper part of the bag, in particular to the upper part of the outer casing 2. The element 440 is fixed. by any known means at the crossing point of these straps.

The elastic member of the upper retention system 10, according to another embodiment, is arranged in a sheath 10a of synthetic material, elastically deformable in bending. This sleeve 10a is rigidly fixed to an upper plate 10b intended to be rigidly fixed to a ceiling, to a bracket or to a similar structure. Such an arrangement allows the element 441 of the trigger to be brought back into the axis of the bag.

The sole 20 can advantageously be constituted by a self-sealing mat.

The bag can take various shapes, it can be cylindrical in shape or it can take the form of a mannequin.

By way of non-limiting example, the mass of the ballasting means is between 50 kg to 60 kg while the mass of the bag is between 8 kg and 15 kg.

The bag as described could also be fixed to a ceiling, a bracket or similar structure by several elastic straps fixed by their lower end to the upper part of the casing 2.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not defined by the examples mentioned in the description but that it is defined by the claims below.

Claims (15)

1. A training appliance for practising combat, contact or grappling sports, comprising a punching bag (1) formed of a shock absorbing filling material (4, 4') disposed in the internal volume of a substantially cylindrical envelope (3) comprising, at the lower end, a lower closing wall (19) constituting a bottom wall and, at the upper end, an upper closing wall (6), characterised in that the lower part of the bag (1) is provided with ballasting means (100) which is pivotally mounted in a shock absorber (101) disposed around and in contact with said ballasting means, said shock absorber (101) is formed by an envelope wall (104) extending in a circle and determining an open housing (102) provided to receive the ballasting means (100), said envelope wall (104) having a lower bearing face and an upper edge, the thickness of this envelope wall (104), measured horizontally, decreasing from the bearing face towards the upper edge.
2. The appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the ballasting means (100) is formed of a foam peripheral covering (100a) having substantially the shape of a spherical segment, and of a ballast weight (105) buried in the covering (100a), that this ballast weight is fixed to the lower closing wall (19), and that this ballast weight includes a through axial screwthread into which is screwed a tubular sleeve (190) for the passage of first return means (21) in a vertical position, said first return means (21) being able to occupy a stable initial state in which the bag (1) is vertical and an unstable final state in which the bag (1) is horizontal and laid on the ground.
3. The appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the ballasting means (100) is formed of a shell (110) determining an internal chamber (111) in which a ballasting material (112) is disposed, said shell (110) having a horizontal bottom wall (110a), an envelope wall or lateral wall (110b) and a horizontal top wall (110c), these different walls determining the internal chamber (111) of the shell.
4. The appliance according to claim 3, characterised in that the lower part of the bag (1) is provided with a skirt (120) for protecting it and fixing it to the ballasting means (100).
5. The appliance according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterised in that the shape of the housing (102) is substantially complementary to that of the covering (100a) or the shell (110) of the ballasting means (100).
6. The appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the envelope wall (104) of the shock absorber (101) forms an open ring, the two ends of which are opposite to each other and that the shock absorber (101), includes junction elements, to join the two ends of the formed ring to each other.
7. The appliance according to claim 1, characterised in that the shock absorber (101) is formed by a low-density foam and is provided with a skin (106) for protecting the low-density foam, said protective skin being provided with exhaust-forming calibrated through holes (107).
8. The appliance according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the shock absorber (101) has an upper lip (103) provided to cover the upper face of the ballasting means (100) and bear on this face.
9. The appliance according to claim 3, characterised in that the ballasting means (100) is passed through from side to side, along a vertical axis of symmetry, by a vertical perforation constituting a passage of a first elastic return means (21) in the vertical position, said first elastic return means (21) being able to occupy a stable initial state in which the bag (1) is vertical and an unstable final state in which the bag (1) is horizontal and laid on the ground.
10. The appliance according to one of claims 2 or 9, characterised in that it comprises, housed in the filling material (4, 4') of the bag (1), a rigid central tube (5) extending from the upper closing wall (6) to the lower closing wall (19) of the envelope (3), said tube being fixed to said walls and forming therewith the framework of the bag (1), the upper and lower openings of said tube (5) respectively communicating with a through hole made in the upper closing wall (6) and a through hole made in the lower closing wall (19), the first return means (21) being at least partly housed in the central tube (5).
11. The appliance according to claim 10, characterised in that it includes a second return means mechanically connected to the framework of the bag (1), said second return means being fixed to a first attachment member secured to the bag (1) and more particularly to the framework of said bag and being provided to be mechanically connected to a second attachment member secured to a ceiling, or a bracket or any other structure being developed above the bag (1).
12. The appliance according to claim 11, characterised in that the second return means is formed of a flexible elongate element in the form of a cable housed at least in part in the tube (5) fixed by one of the ends thereof to an attachment point secured to the central tube (5) of the punching bag (1), the other end thereof, external to the bag, being mechanically connected to the second attachment member, said cable (64) being subjected to forces tending to shorten the distance between the second attachment member and said bag (1) and to urge it towards its initial state.
13. The appliance according to claim 12, characterised by an upper retaining system (10) which is elastically deformable along its length, mechanically interposed between the second attachment member and the corresponding end of the cable (64), said retaining system constituting second return means.
14. The appliance according to claim 13, characterised in that there is disposed between the upper retaining system (10) and the second return means a means able to set a mechanical triggering threshold value below which only the upper retaining system is loaded in extension and above which the second return means is also loaded in traction, said means being formed by a trigger (44) formed of at least two elements (440), (441) joined to each other in a separable manner, one of which is mechanically connected to the bag (1) and the other of which is mechanically connected to the retaining system (10) and to the second return means, said elements (440), (441) being provided to be mechanically loaded away from each other and said elements (440), (441) of the trigger remaining together as long as the intensity of the mechanical loading that tends to separate them is below the triggering threshold value and being separated from each other when the intensity of said mechanical loading is greater than the triggering threshold value.
15. The appliance according to claim 14, characterised in that the trigger (44) is formed, on the one hand, of a magnetisable material wall (440) fixed to the upper closing wall (6) of the bag or forming part of said upper closing wall and a magnet (44) in magnetic contact with the magnetisable wall, said magnet (44) being fixed by a link to the upper retaining system (10), the cable (64) of the second return means having its corresponding end fixed to said magnet (44).

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