EP3439820A1 - Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de pièces métalliques - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de pièces métalliques

Info

Publication number
EP3439820A1
EP3439820A1 EP17715952.2A EP17715952A EP3439820A1 EP 3439820 A1 EP3439820 A1 EP 3439820A1 EP 17715952 A EP17715952 A EP 17715952A EP 3439820 A1 EP3439820 A1 EP 3439820A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
support element
laser beam
layers
track
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17715952.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Fux
Steffen Bonss
Marko Seifert
Andrea Berger
Thomas FIEBIGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV, Technische Universitaet Dresden filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP3439820A1 publication Critical patent/EP3439820A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/04—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a rolling mill
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing metallic components.
  • Bonding of metallic components can be accomplished by several methods that differ in complexity.
  • a combination of local deformation with locally realized forming temperature exists in joining processes such as gas and resistance pressure welding or friction welding, cf. D. Böhme, F.-D. Hermann: Manual of Welding, Part II, DVS-Verlag, Dusseldorf 1992, page 45 et seq. And p. 269 et seq.
  • For individual metallic bands for example, from the publication DE 195 02 140 C1 or the document EP 2 090 395 A2 laser assisted joining known.
  • rollers and tubular components for various applications, for example, a casting process or the classic metallurgical production chain, ie casting and forging or free-form cutting, are used.
  • the forging in addition to the near-net shape shaping especially the task of reducing and eliminating microorganisms, pores and Gusslunkern. But forge also achieves texture refinement and associated property improvements.
  • a significant cost factor of the forging process is the necessary tools.
  • Thick-walled seamless tubes are typically manufactured by means of casting and extrusion, continuous casting, centrifugal casting or pilgering, cf. K.-H. Brensing, B. Sommer: Production process for steel pipes, Mannesmannröhren-Werke AG, 45466 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr.
  • large, manufactured by free-form cutting components subsequently require a complex machining finish.
  • the selection of materials of the components or workpieces is not only taking into account the stresses that occur for the intended application area, but they must also meet the respective manufacturing process.
  • components can, for example, use composite casting technologies, such as B. centrifugal casting for the production of composite cast rolls (see M. Winhager, J. Girardi, K. Maier: roll casting: From disposable product to environmentally friendly high-tech tool, Foundry Review 51 (2004), No. 5/6, pages 100th -103) are made of two materials. Since these technologies are too costly for a number of parts or can not be used for all materials and applications, the component surfaces that are most subject to corrosion or wear are provided with a finishing layer by subsequent coating techniques.
  • composite casting technologies such as B. centrifugal casting for the production of composite cast rolls (see M. Winhager, J. Girardi, K. Maier: roll casting: From disposable product to environmentally friendly high-tech tool, Foundry Review 51 (2004), No. 5/6, pages 100th -103) are made of two materials. Since these technologies are too costly for a number of parts or can not be used for all materials and applications, the component surfaces that are most subject to corrosion or wear are provided with a finishing layer by subsequent coating techniques.
  • Typical processes for surface finishing are galvanic coating, thermal spraying and
  • MIG / MAG, UP, plasma, laser processes are based on the molten state of the coating material and a melting of the substrate surface, so that, depending on the process and applied layer thicknesses, the components or component surfaces are heated to a high degree.
  • the maximum layer thicknesses usually applied in one layer are 2-3 mm, in exceptional cases up to 5 mm.
  • the coating of large component surfaces is also very time-consuming.
  • the conventional production line includes measures for the removal of scale and dusts and for protection against excessive heat radiation and noise.
  • An apparatus for manufacturing metallic components from a substrate and a support element to be applied to the substrate has a feed device which is set up to guide the support element onto a surface of the substrate to be coated.
  • the device has at least one laser light source, which is set up, by at least one emitted laser beam at least the support element on its
  • a moving unit and / or the feeding device are designed to apply the support element to the substrate by way of a movement of the substrate relative to the feed device and / or a movement of the feed device, so that at least one track of the support element material lies on the substrate Surface of the substrate is arranged or individual tracks of the support element material on the surface of the substrate next to each other and or or layers of the support element material are arranged one above the other.
  • the substrate may hereby be on a substrate holder be arranged so that the single roller of the rolling device presses the support element on the substrate.
  • the term "application by lane” should in particular also be understood to mean the application of only a single lane of the support element material to the substrate.
  • the relative movement between the feed device and the substrate then serves primarily to position the support element on the substrate surface.
  • both the substrate and the support element are formed from a metallic material, but it can also be at least the material of the support element or the material of the substrate made of a thermoplastic material, preferably as a polymer-matrix composite based on thermoplastic.
  • a thermoplastic material preferably as a polymer-matrix composite based on thermoplastic.
  • materials for the substrate and / or the support element steels nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys and various special metals can be used.
  • a substrate material and the support element material may be the same or identical, but different materials may be used for the substrate and the support element.
  • the laser beam emitted by the laser light source preferably heats both the support element and the substrate to the respective surfaces to be connected immediately before and / or at the point of impingement or impingement on the temperature suitable for cohesive joining. This allows an improved connection of the two elements.
  • the support element is band-shaped or wire-shaped.
  • strip-shaped should be understood in particular to mean that a length and a width of the support element is significantly greater than a thickness, typically at least five times the thickness.
  • wire-shaped is to be understood in particular that the length of the support element is significantly greater than its thickness and significantly greater than its width. Typically, the length is at least five times the thickness or the width.
  • the wire-shaped support element is rectangular in its cross section, but it may also be circular.
  • the substrate should have a convex surface and preferably be cylindrical. Alternatively, the substrate may also be designed plate-shaped or have a concave surface. Typically, the substrate is wider than the support element, preferably a width of the
  • Substrate at least twice a width of the support element.
  • the substrate may also be formed thicker than the support element.
  • a thickness of the substrate is preferably at least twice a thickness of the support element.
  • a preheating device may be provided with which the support element and / or the substrate can be preheated to a surface of the substrate prior to the impact of the surface of the support element to be joined.
  • the preheating device forms at least one laser beam and / or a plasma arc.
  • the preheating device can also have an induction generator or a device for conductive heating or for heating by means of TIG arc (tungsten inert gas arc).
  • TIG arc tungsten inert gas arc
  • the at least one laser beam emitted by the laser light source is linear or rectangular in shape to heat a wide strip of the material.
  • the at least one laser beam can be deflected in a one-dimensional manner, that is to say preferably in continuous repetition, over the area to be heated.
  • the laser light source which is also referred to as a laser radiation source, may be designed such that the at least one laser beam emitted by it is directed to an edge region of a track of the support element which is already firmly bonded to the substrate, in order to facilitate the application of a material fit prepare for the track to be added to another track.
  • an area with a width of 10 percent, preferably 5 percent of the width of the entire track to be understood.
  • a welding device may be provided with which a weld between two adjacent tracks of the support element can be generated. This allows the tracks to be better connected.
  • the pressing takes place by the rolling device.
  • the point of impingement or the impact area is located below the rolling device, in order to ensure a timely, ideally immediately after heating by the laser beam joining by pressing by means of the rolling device.
  • a method for producing metallic components from a substrate and a support element to be applied to the substrate and to be firmly bonded to the substrate comprises several steps.
  • the support element is guided by a feed device onto a surface of the substrate to be coated.
  • At least the support element is heated by a laser beam emitted by at least one laser light source on its surface immediately before and / or at a point of impact or an impact between the support element and the substrate to a temperature suitable for cohesive joining.
  • the heated support element is then pressed by a rolling device onto the substrate and in this case connected in a material-bonded manner to the substrate.
  • the support element is applied to the substrate by a movement of the substrate relative to the feed device and / or a movement of the feed device relative to the substrate, so that at least one track of the support element material is arranged on the surface of the substrate or individual tracks of the Support element material on the surface of the substrate next to each other and or or individual layers of the support element material are arranged one above the other.
  • the substrate and the support element are preferably connected together in a protective gas atmosphere in order to avoid contamination of the surface and thus a poorer connection.
  • a protective gas can Both an inert and an active gas can be used.
  • Total deformation of the support member during compression with the substrate should be in the range of 1 percent to 50 percent of the initial thickness of the support member to allow reliable connection.
  • the described method is preferably carried out with the described device or the described device is typically suitable for carrying out the described method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lateral schematic view of a device for the adaptive manufacture of metallic components and component surfaces
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the device with a cylindrical substrate
  • FIG. 3 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 2 with a plurality of layers applied to the substrate
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the device with a plate-shaped substrate
  • Fig. 5 is a figure 4 corresponding view with a welding device
  • Fig. 6 is a figure 4 corresponding view with a composite sheet.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a device for the adaptive manufacture of metallic components.
  • a support element 1 in the illustrated embodiment, a band of a NiCr alloy is formed by a in the illustrated embodiment by two rollers.
  • Dete feeding device 7 is guided on a substrate 3.
  • the substrate 3 is plate-shaped and made of a low-alloy steel in the illustrated embodiment.
  • a component volume ie a volume of a component formed from the substrate 3 and the support element 1, starting from the substrate 3 as a base body, track and / or layer by means of the band-shaped support element. 1 constructed as a coating material.
  • the support element 1 can also be wire-shaped.
  • the support element 1 is guided at an angle over a single pressure roller or roller 2 onto a surface of the substrate 3 and rolled on with a force F w , which is preferably designed to be perpendicular to a substrate surface.
  • a rectangular or linear laser beam 6 emitted by a laser radiation source or laser light source 4 heats both later contact surfaces of the substrate 3 and the support member 1 to suitable bonding temperatures in a point of impact or impact, also referred to as a laser contact zone ,
  • the laser beam 6 is slightly wider than the supplied support element 1, ie a width of the laser beam 6 exceeds a width of the support element 1 by, for example, 5 percent.
  • a thickness of the support element 1 after the rolling is in the illustrated embodiment still 90 percent of its original thickness.
  • a first preheating device 5 a in the form of an inductor is additionally provided, through which the support element 1 is guided onto the substrate 3 before impingement and which acts as an inductor
  • Pad element 1 preheated.
  • a second preheating device 5b is arranged above the substrate 3 but below the laser beam 6 and heats the substrate 3 by means of a further inductor. By preheating, the respective temperature and deformation gradients can be positively influenced or varied. At the same time, coupling of the laser beam 6 into a gap of the impact area is improved, and higher process speeds can also be realized.
  • the substrate 3 may also be arranged on a substrate holder and guided on the holder by the rolling device 2.
  • a protective gas atmosphere may be provided in which the substrate 3 and the support element 1 are located during connection. The preheating of the support element 1 or of the substrate 3 is typically carried out immediately before the connection of the support element 1 to the substrate 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows, in a perspective view, a further exemplary embodiment of the device or of the method with a cylindrical substrate 3. Recurring features are provided with identical reference symbols in this figure as well as in the following figures.
  • the feeding device 7 now has only one deflection roller and one feed roller. On the feed roller, the support element 1 is wound and is unwound from there and guided over the feed roller to the substrate 3.
  • the substrate 3 now serves as a type of second roller of a roller pair formed with the roller 2.
  • a local volume structure see Figure 3
  • the volume build-up can also be achieved without transverse movement in accordance with the specified band or
  • FIG. 3 A further embodiment in which the support element 1 is now applied in layers to already applied tracks and layers is shown in FIG. 3 in a view corresponding to FIG.
  • a greatly reduced production run is achieved in which only low tooling costs and low energy costs are incurred. Overall, only small forming forces are necessary, resulting in small space sizes for the system.
  • the formation of zinc and the release of dusts or particles are avoided and heating or holding ovens can be dispensed with. This results in a very effective automatic processing chain.
  • Microstructures and coarse-grained microstructures are avoided and very low shrinkage and shrinkage stresses are achieved. This results, also in connection with the advantage of an easily achievable combination of different materials, with a high final contour accuracy for the efficient production of variable components with the desired properties.
  • FIG. 4 shows, in a perspective view, a flat substrate 3 in the form of a plate onto which the support element is applied becomes. While in the case of the method shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the substrate 3 is typically guided in a transverse movement relative to the stationary feed device 7, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG Track 8 achieved this transverse movement by one or more linear axes. Alternatively or additionally, the transverse movement can also be performed by the feeding device 7. In addition, a separation unit 13 in the form of a flying shear or a cut-off wheel is arranged below the substrate 3. With this device, it is possible first to perform a coating in the form of an applied track in one direction, then to separate the support element 1 by the separation unit 13 and to realize a further track next to the already applied to the substrate 3 with a corresponding track offset ,
  • a reliable and firm metallic bond is produced between the substrate 3 as the base body and the support element 1 as a support layer, which typically consists predominantly of high-quality kneading structure, that is to say has no or only slight microstructure gains compared to electroplating or thermal spraying. Even with small thicknesses of the support element 1 of less than 1 mm, the desired chemical composition is guaranteed. Compared with build-up welding, there is only a minimal or no occurrence of molten states in the area of the material transitions, ie also no mixing through the substrate material in the remaining cross section.
  • the machining further processing can be carried out immediately after, in particular in a component production without preheating, but in principle already parallel to the component production.
  • a further, second laser light source 9 which emits a second laser beam 10 is now used.
  • This second laser beam 10 serves to preheat the substrate 3.
  • a welding device 11 is provided above the substrate 3.
  • the welding device 11 may emit a welding laser beam 12 or form a tungsten inert gas or plasma arc.
  • the welding laser beam 12 connects adjacent tracks of the support element 1 with each other by a laser weld in the form of an I-shock.
  • the formation of the weld seam take place parallel to the depositing of the support element 1 or done with the same device in a subsequent process step.
  • the width of the first laser beam 6 emitted by the first laser light source 4 and directed onto the impact area can be adjusted in the illustrated embodiment such that an edge of an already applied layer or an already applied track of the support element 1 is also heated by the laser beam 6.
  • a static and a dynamic beam shaping can be used.
  • the roller 2 used for the application and pressing of the support element 1 may have a one-sided lateral guide, which is preferably arranged on a side facing away from the coated surface to ensure lateral pressure for connection to the adjacent track or adjacent location.
  • the described method is also suitable for a partial application of tape or wire-shaped materials on flat or rotationally symmetrical components, eg. B. for the production of composite sheets or composite boards, as shown in Figure 6.
  • a single track of the support element material is positioned on the substrate 3 by a relative movement between the feeding device 7 and the substrate 3 caused by the moving unit 8 and connected to the substrate 3 by the rolling device 2 and the laser beam 6.
  • This single track of the cladding material can be both flush with the outer edges of the
  • Substrate 3 for example, a sheet
  • Such components manufactured in this way are suitable for the realization of easily availablechtbaustruktu- reindeer, for example, for the combination of aluminum alloys (sheet metal) and
  • the feed rate is about 1.8 m / min, a single track width of 8 mm and a single track height of 1.5 mm at 8 kW laser power.
  • overlap rates to neighboring tracks of 50 percent must be selected. That means for one Area increase a real track width of 4 mm.
  • a strip (10 mm wide, 1.7 mm thick, 1.5 mm thick after application) is coated at a speed of 6 m / min with the described method, whereby only 4 kW of laser power is required and track overlap is eliminated due to geometry, the result is without preheating of tape and / or substrate surface, a coating time of 6.3 h.
  • a coating time of 6.3 h.
  • the material is utilized to 100 percent and the surface requires no or little post-processing due to the formation by smooth rolling.
  • the heating of the tube is significantly lower compared to build-up welding.
  • coating speeds of greater than or equal to 10 m / min are realistic.
  • a coating time of 3.8 h results for a 10 mm bandwidth, or 1.9 h for a 20 mm bandwidth.
  • the amount of preheating although also increases the soaking temperature of the pipe, but remains below the

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de fabrication additive de pièces métalliques à partir d'un substrat (3) et d'un élément de support (1) à appliquer sur le substrat (3) et à assembler au substrat (3) par liaison de matière, muni d'un dispositif d'amenée (7) qui est conçu pour guider l'élément d'appui (1) sur une surface du substrat (3) à munir d'un revêtement, et d'au moins une source de lumière laser (4) au moyen de laquelle au moins l'élément de support (1) peut être préchauffé par un faisceau laser émis (6) au niveau de sa surface directement avant ou au niveau d'un point d'incidence ou d'une zone d'incidence entre l'élément de support (1) et le substrat (3) à une température appropriée pour un assemblage par liaison de matière. Le dispositif comprend en outre un système de rouleau (2) qui est configuré pour presser l'élément de support chauffé (1) sur le substrat (3) et l'assembler ainsi au substrat (3) par liaison de matière. Sous l'effet d'un déplacement transversal du substrat (3) par rapport au dispositif d'amenée (7) ou d'un déplacement du dispositif d'amenée (7), l'élément de support (1) est appliqué en couches ou en bandes sur le substrat (3), de sorte que les bandes individuelles de matériau de l'élément d'appui sont agencées sur la surface du substrat (3) les unes à côté des autres ou que les couches de matériau de l'élément d'appui sont agencées les unes sur les autres.
EP17715952.2A 2016-04-08 2017-04-07 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de pièces métalliques Pending EP3439820A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016205943.2A DE102016205943A1 (de) 2016-04-08 2016-04-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Fertigen von metallischen Bauteilen
PCT/EP2017/058380 WO2017174784A1 (fr) 2016-04-08 2017-04-07 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de pièces métalliques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3439820A1 true EP3439820A1 (fr) 2019-02-13

Family

ID=58489702

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17715952.2A Pending EP3439820A1 (fr) 2016-04-08 2017-04-07 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de pièces métalliques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20190126387A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3439820A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016205943A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017174784A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6994324B2 (ja) * 2017-08-31 2022-01-14 株式会社神戸製鋼所 接合体の製造方法および製造装置
WO2019226163A1 (fr) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fabrication additive à l'aide de soudage à la forge
CN111822859A (zh) * 2020-07-27 2020-10-27 合肥高地创意科技有限公司 一种激光焊接机
CN112893871B (zh) * 2021-01-20 2022-09-27 贵州大学 一种铝镁合金3d打印构件接续制造的方法

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DE3033309A1 (de) * 1980-09-04 1982-04-22 Rolf Hebben GmbH, 4630 Bochum Vorrichtung zum beschichten von rohren
US4714509A (en) * 1984-07-02 1987-12-22 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Method and apparatus for laying down tapes
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US6710296B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2004-03-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method and apparatus for free-forging of metal structures
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EP2090395B1 (fr) 2008-02-13 2016-09-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de composites de matière active métalliques et produits semi-finis composites
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US20170057015A1 (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-03-02 Oxford Performance Materials, Inc. Methods And Apparatus For Rapidly Manufacturing Three-Dimensional Objects From A Plurality Of Layers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016205943A1 (de) 2017-10-12
US20190126387A1 (en) 2019-05-02
WO2017174784A1 (fr) 2017-10-12

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