EP3435401B1 - Langsamer wellenleiter für wanderfeldröhre - Google Patents

Langsamer wellenleiter für wanderfeldröhre

Info

Publication number
EP3435401B1
EP3435401B1 EP18182582.9A EP18182582A EP3435401B1 EP 3435401 B1 EP3435401 B1 EP 3435401B1 EP 18182582 A EP18182582 A EP 18182582A EP 3435401 B1 EP3435401 B1 EP 3435401B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
central plate
plate
slits
folds
guide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18182582.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3435401C0 (de
EP3435401A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Durand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP3435401A1 publication Critical patent/EP3435401A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3435401B1 publication Critical patent/EP3435401B1/de
Publication of EP3435401C0 publication Critical patent/EP3435401C0/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
    • H01J23/27—Helix-derived slow-wave structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/165—Manufacturing processes or apparatus therefore
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/28—Interdigital slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P11/001—Manufacturing waveguides or transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P11/002—Manufacturing hollow waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
    • H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a delay line or slow wave guide for a traveling wave tube with the acronym TOP.
  • the grouping of electrons into a bunch is obtained by placing the beam in the field of a traveling wave whose phase velocity is equal to the velocity of the electrons.
  • the electrons see the field of a standing wave. The electrons are slowed down on one alternation and accelerated on the next.
  • An electron bunch forms around the phase for which we pass from an accelerating field to a decelerating field.
  • a conventional waveguide, with a rectangular or cylindrical section, is not suitable for interaction because the phase velocity of the wave propagating in this guide is greater than the speed of light, while the speed of the electrons is less than the speed of light.
  • an electric field is required that is parallel to the movement of the electrons, whereas the fundamental mode of rectilinear guides with a rectangular or cylindrical section is perpendicular to the axis of the guide.
  • a special guide called a slow wave guide or delay line is required. Most often, the delay line is a periodic line obtained by translating a basic cell. This is the case for the helix, the coupled cavity line, the interdigital line, etc.
  • a so-called folded guide delay line is often used. This line is obtained by periodically positioning rectangular waveguide sections perpendicular to the beam axis, and by alternately connecting the straight guide sections by 180° E-plane bends.
  • the side view of the folded guide has the shape of a serpentine.
  • the beam slip hole is located in the middle of the rectangular guide straight section.
  • the electric field in the guide is perpendicular to the long side of the guide, and therefore parallel to the movement of the electrons, which allows the beam to be modulated. The electron therefore moves into the slip hole, emerges into the straight guide section where it is subjected to the action of the electric field (interaction space), crosses back through the slip hole and emerges into the next interaction space.
  • the electron therefore sees the successive interaction spaces with a period equal to the line pitch, while the geometric period of the line is equal to twice the pitch.
  • the length of the folded waveguide (straight part and elbows) is determined so that the phase shift of the wave in the guide corresponds to the phase variation linked to the movement of electrons from one interaction space to the next.
  • This folded guide line presents an analogy with the line with cavities coupled by alternating irises if we assimilate the rectangular guide cross-section to a cavity where the wave-beam interaction occurs, and the plane E bends to the coupling irises (see Figure 11a ).
  • the particularity of this line is to impose the same dimension for the width of the cavity and the width of the iris (the large side of the rectangular guide), which does not allow the bandwidth to be adjusted.
  • US4129803A , US2003/030390A1 And US 2012/081003A1 describe slow waveguides for TOP. However, they do not disclose a central plate with a series of through slots.
  • FR2510814A1 describes iris slow waveguides for TWT. However, irises are not present in successive blades of the central plate alternately on the lower and upper faces of the central plate.
  • delay lines as illustrated in the figures 1 to 5 , which schematically represent the central plate construction which is then placed between a lower plate and an upper plate allowing the waveguide to be closed.
  • FIG. 1 represents a central plate 1, in which is performed a drilling of a sliding hole 2 of the electron beam in the lengthwise direction of the central plate 1.
  • the central plate 1 has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped whose faces are parallel to the axis of the sliding hole 2 and symmetrical with respect to the axis of the sliding hole 2.
  • an opening slot 3 having a serpentine shape is made in the central plate 1, or in other words over the entire thickness of the plate 1, over most of the length of the central plate 1, having its folds or meanders in the direction of the width of the central plate 1.
  • the machined central plate 1 is equivalent to two nested combs 4, 5, as illustrated in the figure 3 , connected at the ends (different hatching). This is also an alternative technology for making this line (using two combs and two rulers to position the combs).
  • the pitch of slot 3 is the distance between successive portions of slot 3 (or successive holes) along the longitudinal axis.
  • the geometric period of slot 3 is equal to twice the pitch.
  • the longitudinal displacement of one comb relative to the other modifies the width of slit 3 which is no longer regular.
  • an electron sees a short interaction space followed by a long interaction space (portions of slit 3).
  • the period of the folded waveguide, or in other words the period of slit 3, seen by the electron beam is no longer the pitch of slit 3 but approximately double. We therefore have a biperiodicity which can result in a strong mismatch and risks of oscillations.
  • THE figures 6 And 7 schematically represent a waveguide respectively in exploded view and in sectional view along the longitudinal axis of the central plate 1.
  • the waveguide comprises a central plate 1 provided with a beam sliding hole 2, rectilinear in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the central plate 1, and comprises a slot 3, machined through the central plate 1.
  • a lower plate 6 and an upper plate 7 close the waveguide, the slot 3 having its folds in the direction of the width of the central plate 1.
  • the folds or meanders of the folded waveguide or slot 3 are in the form of crenellations or rectangular.
  • One aim of the invention is to overcome the problems mentioned above.
  • the invention is set forth in the attached set of claims, comprising a serpentine-shaped folded slot having its folds in the direction of the thickness of the guide, i.e. in the direction of the thickness of the central plate, i.e. at 90° to the width direction of the state of the art.
  • a slow wave guide for traveling wave tube or folded wave guide whose folds or irises are in the direction of the thickness of the central plate, i.e. in the direction of the thickness of the guide, makes it possible to avoid the problems of longitudinal and/or transverse displacement.
  • THE figures 8 And 9 represent a folded waveguide whose folds are in the form of crenellations.
  • a beam sliding hole 2 is drilled, rectilinear, in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of a central plate 1, and a series of parallel through-slots are drilled in the central plate 1, the slots being perpendicular to the sliding hole 2, forming a series of blades between two consecutive slots, and irises are produced forming the folds of a folded slot 3, by alternately machining the successive blades on one face then the other of the delay line plate 1, or by alternately machining lower 6 and upper 7 plates opposite the slots, or partly both.
  • a waveguide comprising a central plate 1 comprising a beam sliding hole 2, rectilinear in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the central plate 1, and comprising a folded slot 3, the central plate 1 being arranged between a lower plate 6 and an upper plate 7 closing the waveguide, the folded slot 3 having its folds in the direction of the thickness of the central plate 1.
  • the folds of the folded waveguide 3 are produced by irises machined alternately in successive blades of the central plate 1 on one face then the other of the central plate 1, or machined alternately in the lower 6 and upper 7 plates opposite the slots separating the blades, or alternately partially in a blade of the central plate 1 and one of the lower 6 or upper 7 plates.
  • the delay line plate can be made of copper, copper alloy (tungsten-copper W-Cu, molybdenum-copper Mo-Cu), molybdenum, or any other material with good thermal conductivity, and non-magnetizable so as not to disturb the beam focusing magnetic field.
  • molybdenum or a refractory material allows for a high melting temperature, which is advantageous in the case of bombardment by the electron beam.
  • FIGS. 11a and 11b concern lines according to the state of the art, with irises in the shape of a 180° E-plane elbow for the Figure 11a and with straight irises of less than the length for the Figure 11b
  • These figures represent a sectional view of the line of the central plate 1, along a plane parallel to the upper and lower faces of the central plate 1, passing through the longitudinal axis of the beam sliding hole 2.
  • the irises 9 forming the folds are represented in gray by small dots.
  • FIG. 11c represents a sectional view of the assembled plates 1, 6 and 7, along a plane perpendicular to the upper and lower faces of the central plate 1, passing through the longitudinal axis of the beam sliding hole 2.
  • the irises 9 forming the folds are represented in gray by small dots.
  • FIGS. 12a , 12b and 12c represent various embodiments of a waveguide according to one aspect of the invention, with folds or irises of the folded slot 3 in the form of crenellations, i.e. with 90° bends.
  • the folds of the folded slot 3 are made by means of parallel through-slots in the central plate 1, the slots 10 being perpendicular to the sliding hole 2, forming a series of blades between two consecutive slots.
  • the characteristic of the folded slot 3 is that the width of the cavity is equal to the width of the iris, i.e. the thickness of the central plate 1, when the folded slot 3 is entirely machined in the central plate 1.
  • iris width smaller than that of the cavity, which implies a resonance frequency of the iris higher than that of the cavity: in this case the lowest frequency mode (the one with which the beam interacts) is the cavity mode. Reducing the iris width decreases the bandwidth of the mode (and that of the corresponding traveling wave tube), but increases the margin with respect to oscillation at frequency 2 ⁇ .
  • An iris cannot be machined wider than the remainder of the folded slit 3, but it is possible, as illustrated in the Figure 12c , to machine an iris by giving it the shape of a ribbed guide (or ridged guide) to obtain a resonant frequency of the iris lower than that of the cavity. The lowest mode is then the iris mode.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Langsamer Wellenleiter für eine Wanderfeldröhre, umfassend eine untere Platte (6) und eine obere Platte (7), die den Wellenleiter verschließen, die jeweils auf einer unteren Fläche und einer oberen Fläche einer mittleren Platte (1) angeordnet sind, wobei:
    - die mittlere Platte (1) umfasst:
    - ein Strahlgleitloch (2), geradlinig in der gleichen Richtung wie die Längsachse der mittleren Platte (1) und
    - eine Reihe von Schlitzen, die auf der unteren und oberen Fläche der mittleren Platte (1) münden, wobei die Schlitze in der mittleren Platte (1) parallel sind, wobei die Schlitze senkrecht zu dem Gleitloch (2) angeordnet sind, und zwischen zwei konsekutiven parallelen Schlitzen eine Reihe von Lamellen bilden,
    - Iriden, die Biegungen eines gebogenen Schlitzes (3) bilden, wobei die Iriden in den aufeinanderfolgenden Lamellen der mittleren Platte (1) abwechselnd auf der unteren und der oberen Fläche der mittleren Platte (1) vorhanden sind,
    - wobei der gebogene Schlitz (3) in Serpentinenform seine Biegungen gemäß der Dickenrichtung der mittleren Platte (1) aufweist, wobei die Dicke zwischen der unteren Fläche und der oberen Fläche der mittleren Platte (1) gemessen wird, wobei die Biegungen sich abwechselnd auf der Seite der unteren Fläche und der Seite der oberen Fläche der Platte (1) befinden.
  2. Leiter nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Biegung in Zinnenform vorliegt.
  3. Leiter nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Biegung in gerundeter oder kreisförmiger Form vorliegt.
  4. Leiter nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die mittlere Platte (1) aus Kupfer, einer Kupferlegierung oder aus Molybdän besteht.
  5. Leiter nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die untere (6) und obere Platte (7) aus Kupfer, einer Kupferlegierung oder aus Molybdän bestehen.
  6. Verfahren zum Anfertigen eines langsamen Wellenleiters für eine Wanderfeldröhre nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, umfassend die Schritte bestehend aus:
    - dem Bohren eines Strahlgleitlochs (2), geradlinig in der gleichen Richtung wie die Längsachse der mittleren Platte (1);
    - dem Bohren einer Reihe von Schlitzen, die parallel in der mittleren Platte (1) münden, wobei die Schlitze senkrecht zu dem Gleitloch (2) vorliegen, zwischen zwei konsekutiven parallelen Schlitzen eine Reihe von Lamellen bilden;
    - dem Herstellen von Iriden, die Biegungen eines gebogenen Schlitzes (3) bilden, indem die aufeinanderfolgenden Lamellen auf einer unteren Fläche, dann einer oberen Fläche der mittleren Platte (1) abwechselnd bearbeitet werden; und
    - einem Schritt, der aus dem Verschließen des Leiters durch eine untere Platte (6) und eine obere Platte (7) besteht, die jeweils auf der unteren Fläche und auf der oberen Fläche der mittleren Platte (1) befestigt werden.
EP18182582.9A 2017-07-27 2018-07-10 Langsamer wellenleiter für wanderfeldröhre Active EP3435401B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1700801A FR3069659B1 (fr) 2017-07-27 2017-07-27 Guide a onde lente pour tube a ondes progressives

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3435401A1 EP3435401A1 (de) 2019-01-30
EP3435401B1 true EP3435401B1 (de) 2025-10-22
EP3435401C0 EP3435401C0 (de) 2025-10-22

Family

ID=60888452

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18182582.9A Active EP3435401B1 (de) 2017-07-27 2018-07-10 Langsamer wellenleiter für wanderfeldröhre

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10535488B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3435401B1 (de)
CN (1) CN109308983B (de)
CA (1) CA3011699A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3069659B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3074364B1 (fr) * 2017-11-28 2019-10-25 Thales Charge interne pour tube a ondes progressives utilisant une ligne a retard en guide replie
GB202006503D0 (en) * 2020-05-01 2020-06-17 Elekta ltd Waveguide for a liner accelerator
CN112420469B (zh) * 2020-11-09 2022-05-03 电子科技大学 一种适用于大功率工作的行波管慢波结构
CN112467363B (zh) * 2020-12-06 2025-05-06 西安电子工程研究所 一种用于展宽行波阵频扫角范围的波导窄边频扫天线
CN113113278B (zh) * 2021-04-15 2022-04-19 电子科技大学 一种类梯形交错双栅慢波结构
CN114005718B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2023-08-04 南通大学 一种连杆阶梯型对称开口环慢波结构
CN114783847B (zh) * 2022-03-29 2023-09-05 电子科技大学 基于交错双栅和曲折波导的新型慢波结构
CN115172121B (zh) * 2022-06-17 2024-10-15 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 一种交错栅慢波互作用电路及其设计方法
CN115346848B (zh) * 2022-07-14 2024-10-15 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 一种矩形折叠波导慢波结构及其设计方法
CN115440551B (zh) * 2022-08-15 2024-11-15 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 一种带状注对称双槽耦合腔慢波结构
CN117374544B (zh) * 2023-12-08 2024-02-23 成都威频通讯技术有限公司 一种交指电容耦合小型化腔体低通滤波器
CN119890713B (zh) * 2024-12-12 2025-11-18 佛山市青松科技股份有限公司 一种蛇形慢波板

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US4129803A (en) * 1977-04-05 1978-12-12 Louis E. Hay Traveling wave device with cast slow wave interaction structure and method for forming
US4409519A (en) * 1981-07-29 1983-10-11 Varian Associates, Inc. TWT Slow-wave structure assembled from three ladder-like slabs
US4586009A (en) * 1985-08-09 1986-04-29 Varian Associates, Inc. Double staggered ladder circuit
US6593695B2 (en) * 1999-01-14 2003-07-15 Northrop Grumman Corp. Broadband, inverted slot mode, coupled cavity circuit
FR2925217B1 (fr) * 2007-12-14 2013-05-24 Thales Sa Structure hyperfrequences pour tube microondes avec dispositif de confinement du faisceau a aimants permanents et refroidissement ameliore
US8549740B1 (en) * 2008-06-05 2013-10-08 Innosys, Inc Method of manufacturing a folded waveguide
KR101720591B1 (ko) * 2010-10-04 2017-03-29 삼성전자주식회사 릿지 구조의 테라헤르츠 발진회로
CN102324363A (zh) * 2011-08-11 2012-01-18 电子科技大学 一种脊加载曲折矩形槽波导慢波线
KR101875706B1 (ko) * 2011-08-23 2018-08-02 삼성전자주식회사 테라헤르츠 상호작용 회로
JP2016189259A (ja) * 2015-03-30 2016-11-04 Ｎｅｃネットワーク・センサ株式会社 進行波管
KR101723876B1 (ko) * 2015-08-28 2017-04-06 국방과학연구소 접혀진 형상의 도파관 및 이를 포함하는 진행파관기

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109308983B (zh) 2022-12-02
EP3435401C0 (de) 2025-10-22
US10535488B2 (en) 2020-01-14
FR3069659B1 (fr) 2019-08-09
CN109308983A (zh) 2019-02-05
CA3011699A1 (en) 2019-01-27
EP3435401A1 (de) 2019-01-30
FR3069659A1 (fr) 2019-02-01
US20190035592A1 (en) 2019-01-31

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