EP3433427B1 - Papier filtre amélioré pour filtre de cigarette - Google Patents

Papier filtre amélioré pour filtre de cigarette Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3433427B1
EP3433427B1 EP17701315.8A EP17701315A EP3433427B1 EP 3433427 B1 EP3433427 B1 EP 3433427B1 EP 17701315 A EP17701315 A EP 17701315A EP 3433427 B1 EP3433427 B1 EP 3433427B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
filter
fibers
filter paper
weight
paper
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EP17701315.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3433427A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Bachmann
Christian Mair
Dietmar Volgger
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Delfortgroup AG
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Delfortgroup AG
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Priority to PL17701315T priority Critical patent/PL3433427T3/pl
Publication of EP3433427A1 publication Critical patent/EP3433427A1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
    • D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
    • D21H15/06—Long fibres, i.e. fibres exceeding the upper length limit of conventional paper-making fibres; Filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/08—Filter paper

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a paper for producing a cigarette filter and a method for producing the filter paper.
  • the invention also relates to an associated cigarette.
  • a filter made from the filter paper according to the invention has retention properties which are similar to those of cellulose acetate filters and therefore improves the taste impression of a cigarette made from this filter paper in comparison to cigarettes with paper filters made from conventional filter papers.
  • a conventionally manufactured filter cigarette generally consists of a cylindrical column of tobacco which is wrapped in a cigarette paper, and a filter, which consists of a filter material and is wrapped in a filter wrapping paper.
  • a common filter material is cellulose acetate.
  • the tobacco column and the filter are connected to one another by a tipping paper.
  • paper is also known as a filter material for cigarettes.
  • a cigarette filter can consist of several segments, each segment being made of a different material.
  • filters comprising two segments are known from the prior art, one segment being a cellulose acetate filter and a second segment being a paper filter. It is also known to mix cellulose acetate fibers and cellulose fibers in a segment or to arrange structures made of these fibers separately within a segment, for example in the longitudinal or radial direction.
  • Paper filters generally have the advantage that they degrade more quickly in the environment and that they are generally cheaper than cellulose acetate filters.
  • a major disadvantage of a conventional paper filter is that it has different retention properties than a filter made of cellulose acetate. It is known, for example, that with comparable Draw resistance The filtration efficiency of a paper filter for tar is higher than that of a cellulose acetate filter. Paper filters also tend to hold back water and water vapor much better than cellulose acetate filters. These two effects can, among other things, change the taste impression of a cigarette in an undesirable manner.
  • the draw resistance for a given filtration efficiency i.e. the resistance that the filter offers to the smoke flowing through, is often considerably lower than that of a cellulose acetate filter.
  • the hardness of a paper filter i.e. the resistance to mechanical deformation, often does not meet the expectations of a smoker who is used to a cellulose acetate filter.
  • EP 2 761 085 For example, a particularly readily biodegradable paper for paper filters is described, but the problems with regard to taste or filtration efficiency cannot be completely satisfactorily solved.
  • the EP 10 98 036 A1 discloses a filter wrap paper having a paper layer having first and second surfaces.
  • the filter wrap paper has a first lap air permeability measured when a perforated paper is overlaid with the first surface and a second lap air permeability measured when a perforated tipping paper is overlaid with the second surface.
  • the first overlap air permeability is higher than the second overlap air permeability.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a filter paper which can be produced simply and inexpensively and at the same time gives a filter made therefrom a filtration efficiency that is similar to a filter made of cellulose acetate with comparable tensile resistance.
  • This object is achieved by a filter paper according to claim 1 and its production method according to claim 10.
  • the invention also relates to a filter and a filter cigarette which use this material.
  • the inventors have found that the amount of fines in the filter paper, i.e. the fibers with a length of less than 0.2 mm, is significant for the fact that the filtration efficiency of a filter made from the filter paper according to the invention decreases and thus becomes more similar to that of a cellulose acetate filter. This is surprising because the fines themselves have a large surface area and their presence should therefore increase the filtration efficiency. In fact, it is neither beneficial that too many nor that too few fine substances are contained in the filter paper, but their proportion based on the number of fibers in the filter paper should be in the narrow range between 2% and 10%.
  • the air permeability of the filter paper is an essential variable in order to control the draw resistance of the paper filter and thus also its filtration efficiency over a wide range. This is surprising because the smoke from a cigarette in the paper filter is typically along the surface of the filter paper rather than through the Filter paper flows through. Contrary to the expectations of those skilled in the art, there is a close connection between air permeability, draw resistance and filtration efficiency.
  • the air permeability should be between 500 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ kPa -1 and 15000 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ kPa -1 .
  • the air permeability is influenced by the intensity of the grinding of the fibers. Intensive milled fibers lead to low air permeability and less intensively milled fibers to high air permeability. However, since the fine material content is also influenced by the grinding of the fibers in addition to the air permeability, it is not a matter of course that the air permeability can be set in the range according to the invention with an approximately constant fine material content. In addition, the filter paper must also meet mechanical strength requirements, which are also significantly influenced by the grinding of the fibers.
  • the dimensions of the fibers in the filter paper influence their surface and thus also the air permeability and the filtration efficiency of a filter made from it. It is therefore beneficial if the mean length and width of the fibers in the filter paper are within a certain range.
  • the length of the fibers in the filter paper and their width can be measured according to ISO 16065 using the automated optical method described therein. In deviation from ISO 16065, however, fiber components with a length of less than 0.2 mm are taken into account in the measurement. Such a measurement is possible with the L&W Fiber Tester Plus - code 912 Plus from Lorentzen & Wettre, with which the amount of fines can also be determined.
  • a sample of about 0.1 g of dry fibers is suspended in water and the measuring device pumps it through a thin gap between two plates.
  • a camera monitors the fiber suspension flowing through the gap in the plates and takes pictures at short intervals, which are analyzed in order to determine the geometry of the fibers flowing through.
  • this measuring device provides, among other things, a number-related distribution of fiber lengths and fiber widths, from which the number-related mean length and mean width as well as the proportion of fines can be determined.
  • the mean length, based on the number, of the fibers in the filter paper determined in this way should be more than 1 mm and less than 5 mm, and preferably more than 2 mm and less than 4 mm.
  • the mean width of the fibers in the filter paper determined in this way, based on the number, is furthermore between 10 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 40 ⁇ m, and very particularly preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 35 ⁇ m.
  • the filter paper according to the invention contains fibers, the fibers in any case comprising cellulose fibers.
  • Cellulose fibers are cellulose-based fibers of vegetable origin, for example long fiber cellulose fibers or short fiber cellulose fibers.
  • fibers made from plastics, fibers made from regenerated cellulose and in particular cellulose acetate fibers are not cellulose fibers.
  • the cellulose fibers can in principle be bleached or unbleached or a mixture of bleached and unbleached cellulose fibers. However, the cellulose fibers are preferably bleached because the filter paper is then white and this color is expected by the smoker. The at least partial use of unbleached cellulose fibers leads to a filter paper with a light brown to dark brown shade and is less preferred.
  • the proportion of long-fiber cellulose fibers based on the weight of the filter paper should therefore be at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight and particularly preferably at least 95% by weight and most preferably 100% by weight of the filter paper.
  • filter paper 100% by weight of the filter paper is formed from long fiber cellulose is intended to mean that the filter paper essentially exclusively contains long fiber cellulose fibers.
  • This information should therefore also include filter papers that contain contamination by any other substances and materials, such as other fibers, short-fiber cellulose fibers, fillers, pigments, additives or processing aids, such as can occur in paper production according to the prior art.
  • the long fiber pulp can be obtained from coniferous wood, in particular spruce or pine, but also from other plants such as hemp, flax, sisal, abacá, cotton, ramie, jute, kenaf, gampi, kozu or matsumata. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the term “long fiber pulp” refers to the natural length of the fibers, not to the actual length in the milled state in the paper.
  • the filter paper according to the invention contains a certain proportion of fines.
  • the fine materials include all fibers whose length is less than 0.2 mm.
  • the proportion of fines in the filter paper according to the invention is between 2% and 10% based on the number of fibers in the filter paper, preferably between 3% and 9% and particularly preferably between 4% and 8%, each based on the number of fibers in the filter paper.
  • the air permeability of the filter paper according to the invention is between 500 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ kPa -1 and 15,000 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ KPa -1 and preferably between 1000 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ KPa -1 and 9000 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ kPa -1 .
  • the filter paper contains further cellulose fibers such as short fiber cellulose fibers, or other fibers such as fibers made from regenerated cellulose such as viscose fibers, modal fibers, lyocell fibers, fibers made from cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate or from plastics such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyester or polypropylene or also Includes fibers made from polylactates.
  • these fibers reduce the mechanical strength and the total proportion of such fibers should therefore not be more than 10% by weight, preferably not more than 5% by weight and particularly preferably not more than 2% by weight of the filter paper.
  • viscose fibers, modal fibers, lyocell fibers, fibers made of cellulose acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyester or polypropylene worsen the biodegradability, increase the price of the filter paper and, because of their low density, cause problems in the production of the filter paper, so that in a particularly preferred embodiment, the filter paper such Does not contain fibers.
  • Short fiber cellulose fibers can be obtained from hardwood, in particular birch, beech or eucalyptus, but also from other plants such as esparto grass.
  • the filter paper can contain fillers, for example to influence the whiteness, color or opacity of the filter paper.
  • fillers for example to influence the whiteness, color or opacity of the filter paper.
  • the fillers reduce the strength of the filter paper and can affect the porous structure in an undesirable manner.
  • the proportion of fillers should therefore not be more than 10% by weight, preferably not more than 5% by weight and particularly preferably not more than 2% by weight of the filter paper.
  • the filter paper is free from fillers.
  • Fillers can be mineral fillers, in particular carbonates, sulfates, silicates or oxides, in particular for example calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, titanium dioxide, talc, kaolin or aluminum hydroxide, as well as mixtures thereof.
  • the particle shape, particle size distribution and crystal structure of the fillers can vary within wide ranges and the person skilled in the art will select these parameters according to the prior art and the purpose which the person skilled in the art would like to achieve with it.
  • the filter paper according to the invention can contain pigments or dyes in order to give the filter paper a certain color.
  • An exemplary pigment are iron oxides, which are typically yellow, red or black and can be used alone or in mixtures. Iron oxides or other pigments or dyes can change their color permanently or temporarily when heated, so that these substances can also be added if special optical effects are to be achieved during or after smoking.
  • the filter paper according to the invention can contain further additives in order to influence certain properties of the filter paper.
  • sizing agents such as alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), succinic anhydride (ASA), fatty acids, fatty alcohols or other hydrophobic substances to make the filter paper water-repellent, or starch to increase the strength of the filter paper, or wet strength agents.
  • the filter paper can therefore substances for influencing the content of carbon monoxide, such as catalysts; Zinc oxide or other metal oxides; Nitrates of transition metals or of copper, iron or silver; or platinum included.
  • HCN hydrogen cyanide
  • Ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, sodium carbonate or polyethyleneimine can be used to influence formaldehyde. It is also possible to add activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, triacetin or triethyl citrate.
  • the sum of pigments, dyes and additives, as well as all other substances that a person skilled in the art can add to the filter paper to achieve certain effects, should not be more than 10% by weight, preferably not more than 5% by weight and particularly preferably not more than 2% by weight of the filter paper.
  • the filter paper is at least free of pigments and dyes.
  • the mechanical properties of the filter paper are important for the production of a filter from the filter paper according to the invention.
  • the mechanical properties of the filter paper differ in the machine direction, i.e. the direction in which the filter paper runs through the paper machine, and the transverse direction, i.e. the direction orthogonal to the running direction in the paper machine.
  • the tensile strength of the filter paper in the machine direction should be at least 7 N / 15 mm, preferably at least 8 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at least 9 N / 15 mm.
  • a high tensile strength is not a disadvantage. Since the production of a filter paper with a high tensile strength but with a high expenditure of energy is associated with the grinding of the fibers, the tensile strength will not be increased unnecessarily.
  • the tensile strength in the machine direction should therefore be at most 50 N / 15 mm, preferably at most 45 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at most 40 N / 15 mm.
  • the filter paper is comparatively less stressed in the transverse direction during the manufacture of the filter, so that the tensile strength in the transverse direction is preferably at least 4 N / 15 mm and especially is preferably at least 5 N / 15 mm and preferably at most 9 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably at most 8 N / 15 mm.
  • the elongation at break is just as important as the tensile strength, as it describes how well the filter paper can compensate for differences in speed as it passes through the machine during filter manufacture.
  • the elongation at break in the machine direction is therefore preferably at least 1% and particularly preferably at least 1.2% and preferably at most 2% and particularly preferably at most 1.8%.
  • the elongation at break in the transverse direction also plays a role because the filter paper can also stretch in the transverse direction during filter manufacture. Therefore, the elongation at break in the transverse direction should preferably be at least 4% and particularly preferably at least 4.5% and preferably at most 6% and particularly preferably at most 5.5%.
  • the filter paper can be creped in the machine direction or in the cross direction.
  • its elongation at break in the direction or directions in which the filter paper is creped is at most 25%, preferably at most 15% and particularly preferably at most 10%.
  • the tensile strength and elongation at break in the machine direction and cross direction can be measured according to ISO 1924-2: 2008.
  • the weight per unit area of the filter paper can be important for the hardness of the filter made from this filter paper, for example.
  • the basis weight is therefore preferably from 10 to 80 g ⁇ m -2 , particularly preferably from 20 to 60 g ⁇ m -2 , very particularly preferably from 30 to 40 g ⁇ m -2 .
  • the weight per unit area of a filter paper can be measured according to ISO 536: 2012.
  • the thickness of the filter paper can be important for the hardness of the filter made from this filter paper.
  • the thickness is therefore preferably from 60 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m and particularly preferably from 80 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of a filter paper can be measured according to ISO 534: 2011 on a single layer of the filter paper.
  • the filter paper of the present invention can be produced by the following process of the present invention.
  • the first step (A) comprises providing an aqueous suspension of unground fiber material in a storage container. This process step can take place according to the methods known per se from the prior art.
  • the unground fiber material comprises cellulose fibers, in particular long fiber cellulose fibers.
  • the cellulose fibers can be bleached or unbleached or a mixture of bleached and unbleached cellulose fibers.
  • the unground pulp fibers are preferably bleached, however, because the filter paper is then white and this color is expected by the smoker.
  • the proportion of unground long fiber pulp fibers based on the weight of the unground fiber material is at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight and particularly preferably at least 95% by weight and very particularly preferably 100% by weight.
  • unground fiber material essentially exclusively contains unground long-fiber cellulose fibers.
  • This information should therefore also include unground fiber material that contains impurities from any other substances and materials, such as other fibers, short-fiber cellulose fibers, fillers, pigments, additives or processing aids, such as can occur in papermaking according to the prior art.
  • the long fiber pulp is made from coniferous wood, such as spruce or pine, or from flax, hemp, sisal, abacá, cotton, ramie, jute, kenaf, gampi, kozu or matsumata.
  • the unground fiber material can also comprise other cellulose fibers such as short fiber cellulose fibers, or other fibers such as fibers made from regenerated cellulose such as viscose fibers, modal fibers or lyocell fibers, fibers made from cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate or from plastics such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyester or polypropylene or also fibers made from polylactates.
  • the total proportion of such fibers should, however, not be more than 10% by weight, preferably not more than 5% by weight and particularly preferably not more than 2% by weight of the unground fiber material.
  • Short fiber cellulose fibers can be obtained from hardwood, in particular birch, beech or eucalyptus, but also from other plants such as esparto grass.
  • step (B) at least part of the aqueous suspension made available in step (A) of predominantly or exclusively unground long fiber pulp fibers and optional further components is fed to a grinding unit and ground there.
  • the part of the unground fiber material that is ground in the grinding unit should be at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight and particularly preferably at least 60% by weight, based on the total amount of the originally unground fiber material. If part of the suspension of the unground fiber material is not milled, it can be added again in a later process step. It is also possible, however, for the entire suspension provided in step (A) to be subjected to grinding, and at a later point in time another suspension, which contains unground long fiber cellulose fibers or other fiber material, is added.
  • the grinding unit is a Papillon refiner.
  • the inventors have found that such a Papillon refiner in particular can grind the fiber material in such a way that the desired special combination of properties of air permeability, fines content and strength of the filter paper can be achieved.
  • Papillon refiners are offered by various machine manufacturers, for example Andritz with the model designations CS380, CS450, CC380 and CC450. The following information applies as an example for a Papillon Refiner CS380 from Andritz and can easily be transferred to other grinding units with the knowledge of a person skilled in the art or through experiments.
  • the settings of the Papillon Refiner must be adapted to the type and amount of unground fiber material, the dimensions of the grinding unit and the grinding set.
  • a consistency ie a mass-related proportion of the dry fiber material in the suspension used for the grinding, between 1% by weight and 5% by weight has proven useful.
  • the flow rate can be between 300 l ⁇ min -1 and 700 l ⁇ min -1 .
  • the specific grinding edge load can be between 0.3 J ⁇ m -1 and 1.0 J ⁇ m -1 .
  • the fiber material is preferably milled with an energy expenditure of 30 W ⁇ h ⁇ kg -1 to 100 W ⁇ h ⁇ kg -1 , based on the mass of the dry, unground fiber material.
  • the speed and the power supply must also be determined.
  • the speed is between 500 min -1 and 2000 min -1 and preferably between 600 min -1 and 1600 min -1 .
  • the power fed to the Papillon refiner is between 50 kW and 200 kW, preferably between 60 kW and 150 kW.
  • the air permeability of the filter paper can be adjusted by selecting the speed and the power. In general, a high speed or a low power leads to a higher air permeability. Conversely, a low speed or a high power leads to a low air permeability.
  • That part of the suspension of the unground fiber material which was previously branched off and not ground is then added back to the suspension of the ground fiber material.
  • fillers such as fillers, additives, processing aids, pigments or dyes
  • processing aids such as processing aids, pigments or dyes
  • ground fiber material from one or more other grinding aggregate (s) is also possible in this process step, although, provided it is not ground Long fiber pulp fibers are involved, which are to be observed earlier in the first process step (A).
  • fines that is to say fibers with a length of at most 0.2 mm
  • the proportion of fines in the finished aqueous suspension is between 2% and 10% based on the number of fibers in the aqueous suspension, preferably between 3% and 9% and particularly preferably between 4% and 8%, each based on the number of the fibers in the aqueous suspension.
  • finished suspension refers to the suspension in the state in which it is fed to a paper machine in a step (C) described below, i.e. after all the additions of further unground long fiber pulp, fiber material or fines have taken place.
  • the length and width of the fibers are important.
  • the mean length of the fibers in the finished aqueous fiber suspension should preferably be more than 1 mm and less than 5 mm and particularly preferably more than 2 mm and less than 4 mm.
  • the mean width of the fibers in the finished aqueous fiber suspension is preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 40 ⁇ m, and very particularly preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 35 ⁇ m.
  • a subsequent process step (C) the finished aqueous suspension is fed to a paper machine and a filter paper is produced there using the processes known per se in the prior art.
  • the paper machine is preferably an inclined wire machine because papers with a particularly high air permeability can be produced on these machines, the filtration efficiency of which is well suited for filtering cigarette smoke. Less preferred alternatives are the Fourdrinier or cylinder mold machines.
  • the suspension On a paper machine suitable for the process, the suspension is first collected in a headbox and then pumped onto a wire so that a large part of the water flows through the wire, while the fiber material and other components remain for the most part on the wire and form a fiber web .
  • the fiber web runs through a press section, in which the fiber web is further dewatered by mechanical pressure, for example against a felt, and furthermore a drying section in which the fiber web is further dewatered by heat, microwave radiation or infrared radiation, preferably by contact with steam-heated drying cylinders and very particularly preferably by hot air, in particular by impingement drying or Through-flow drying, is dried until it has a moisture content of 3 wt .-% to 10 wt .-% based on the mass of the filter paper. Drying by means of impingement drying or through-air drying is particularly preferred because it can give the filter paper a high porosity and a high thickness. Finally, the filter paper is rolled up and optionally cut into narrower rolls with a width of at least 100 mm and a maximum of 400 m, which can then be used for the production of cigarette filters.
  • a filter paper web with a width of at least 100 mm and at most 400 mm, for example about 300 mm is usually embossed or creped, in some cases also at elevated temperature or humidity.
  • the creping can take place in the machine direction, in the transverse direction or in both directions; the creping can also take place diagonally, in any direction, or in patterns.
  • the filter paper is then shaped into an endless strand which is wrapped in a filter wrapper paper. Filter rods are then cut from this endless strand.
  • any filter wrapping paper known from the prior art can be used as the filter wrapping paper, in particular a slightly porous filter wrapping paper or a filter wrapping paper with an air permeability measured according to ISO 2965: 2009 between 1000 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ kPa -1 and 30,000 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ kPa -1 .
  • the invention further relates to a paper filter comprising the filter paper according to the invention.
  • a paper filter according to the invention can be in the form of a filter rod with a length of 60 mm to 200 mm, preferably with a length of 80 mm to 180 mm.
  • the length of the filter rod is an integral multiple, preferably four to six times, the length of the filter plug, which then serves as a filter on the cigarette.
  • the paper filter according to the invention can therefore also be in the form of a filter plug with a length of 10 mm to 50 mm, preferably with a length of 15 mm to 30 mm.
  • the paper filter according to the invention can, however, also be present as a segment of a cigarette filter. This is the case, for example, if the cigarette filter consists of a segment made of cellulose acetate and a segment with filter paper or if, for example, a cavity with activated carbon particles is provided in the cigarette filter and is delimited by two segments that can contain filter paper.
  • the paper filter according to the invention can therefore also have a length of 3 mm to 10 mm, preferably 4 mm to 8 mm.
  • the paper filter that is to say the filter rod, filter plug or the paper filter segment, has a diameter between 3 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 4 mm and 9 mm and particularly preferably between 7 mm and 9 mm.
  • the diameter depends on the diameter of the cigarette that is to contain the paper filter.
  • the draw resistance of the paper filter is essentially dependent on the diameter, the filter material and the length of the paper filter and can be measured according to ISO 6565: 2011 at a volume flow of 17.5 cm 3 ⁇ s -1 .
  • the draw resistance of a paper filter is given in Pa and is, in a very good approximation, proportional to the length of the paper filter, provided the paper filter is approximately homogeneous over its length. Therefore, the length-specific draw resistance can be expressed as the pressure difference per mm length of the paper filter, if the specification is to be independent of the actual length of the paper filter.
  • the paper filter according to the invention has a length-specific tensile resistance of between 10 Pa ⁇ mm -1 and 40 Pa ⁇ mm -1 , preferably between 15 Pa ⁇ mm -1 and 35 Pa ⁇ mm -1 .
  • a key feature of a paper filter is its filtration efficiency for the particulate phase of cigarette smoke.
  • NFDPM nicotine-free dry condensate
  • the filtration efficiency for NFDPM describes the mass ratio of the particulate phase of the smoke retained in the filter to the total particulate phase of the smoke flowing into the filter.
  • the filtration efficiency is expressed in%.
  • the filter, comprehensive the filter paper according to the invention has a filtration efficiency for NFPDM between 20% and 80%, preferably between 30% and 70%.
  • the filtration efficiency of the filter is influenced in a manner known from the prior art by the diameter, length and draw resistance of the paper filter.
  • the filter segments should be numbered in ascending order in the direction of flow of the smoke during normal use of the cigarette.
  • the filtration efficiency F k of the segment k can then be expressed by the formula F.
  • the invention also relates to a filter cigarette comprising a paper filter.
  • the paper filter can be the only filter on the filter cigarette or, preferably, can be a segment in a segmented cigarette filter.
  • Particularly preferred is a filter cigarette in which the filter segment closest to the end of the mouth is formed by cellulose acetate and at least one other segment closer to the tobacco rod contains the filter paper according to the invention, because then the optical appearance of the mouth end corresponds to that of a filter cigarette with a cellulose acetate filter and thus meets the expectations of the smoker.
  • a filter cigarette comprising a paper filter according to the invention can be produced by the methods known from the prior art.
  • the properties of the fibers in the suspension were determined on the basis of ISO 16065 using an L&W Fiber Tester Plus - code 912 Plus, whereby the fines, i.e. fibers with a length of less than 0.2 mm, were also taken into account.
  • the mean fiber length, the mean fiber width and the proportion of fines in% based on the number of fibers are given in the corresponding columns of Table 1 Fig. 1 specified.
  • the mean fiber length for the exemplary filter papers according to the invention is approximately between 2 mm and 2.5 mm, the mean fiber width between 30.5 ⁇ m and 31.5 ⁇ m, and the proportion of fines between 5% and 8% based on the number of fibers in the Fiber material.
  • filter papers were produced on an inclined sieve machine.
  • the filter papers are marked with 1 to 16 according to the column "No.” in the in the Figs. 1 to 3
  • the tables shown are numbered 1 to 3, with a number in all tables denoting the same filter paper or the filter made from it.
  • the basis weight according to ISO 536: 2012, the thickness according to ISO 534: 2011 and the air permeability according to ISO 2965: 2009 were determined for each filter paper and are shown in the corresponding columns in Table 2 ( Fig. 2 ) specified.
  • the weight per unit area is between 34.9 g ⁇ m -2 and 36.6 g ⁇ m -2 and thus in a very narrow range, and the thickness only varies between 83 ⁇ m and 101 ⁇ m.
  • the air permeability of the filter papers changes depending on the grinding of the fiber material and is between 1099 CU and 8364 CU.
  • the tensile strength and elongation at break according to ISO 1924-2: 2008 were also determined for the uncreped filter paper in the machine direction (MD; machine direction ) and in the transverse direction (CD; cross direction ). These values are also given in the corresponding columns of Table 2 ( Fig. 2 ) specified. The values for the tensile strength all exceed the technically necessary minimum to be able to manufacture filters from the filter papers. The elongations at break are also in a range that is favorable for further processing of the filter paper.
  • the draw resistance of each paper filter rod was determined according to ISO 6565: 2011 and is converted to a length of 22 mm and as the specific draw resistance in the corresponding columns of Table 3 ( Fig. 3 ) specified.
  • Each paper filter rod was divided into six paper filter stoppers of equal length, each 22 mm in length, and cigarettes with a length of 83 mm, a circumference of 24.5 mm, a tobacco rod length of 61 mm and a tobacco weight of 600 mg were made.
  • the tobacco was formed into a tobacco rod using conventional cigarette paper with an air permeability of 50 cm ⁇ min -1 ⁇ kPa -1 .
  • the paper filter was wrapped in a 27 mm long tipping paper, so that the tipping paper overlaps the tobacco rod by 5 mm and thus connects the paper filter with the tobacco rod.
  • the filtration efficiency for nicotine-free dry condensate (NFDPM) is for each of the 16 filter plugs (22 mm) in Table 3 ( Fig. 3 ) specified.
  • the results are a filtration efficiency for NFPDM between 36.2% and 55.2%.
  • Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the filtration efficiency for NFPDM of the paper filters according to the invention and the air permeability of the filter paper. It can be seen that the air permeability is an essential variable in order to adjust the filtration efficiency over a wide range, because all other variables, such as weight per unit area, thickness or fiber properties, are kept approximately constant.
  • FIG. 5 The main advantage of the invention can be seen from Fig. 5 demonstrate.
  • the figure shows the relationship between the draw resistance of a filter and the filtration efficiency for NFPDM for the paper filters according to the invention (circles), conventional paper filters (squares) and conventional filters made of cellulose acetate (triangles). All filters were 22 mm in length.
  • a conventional paper filter has a draw resistance of about 300 Pa, while a conventional cellulose acetate filter has a draw resistance of about 600 Pa.
  • the draw resistance of an unventilated filter cigarette is essentially determined by the draw resistance of the filter and that of the tobacco rod. For a king-size cigarette with a circumference of 24 mm to 25 mm, the smoker expects a draw resistance of around 1000 Pa.
  • the advantages of a paper filter can be better used and the change from cellulose acetate filters to the paper filters according to the invention requires fewer adaptations in the cigarette design than for conventional paper filters.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Papier pour filtres pour la fabrication de filtres destinés à des produits à fumer, en particulier des cigarettes filtres, présentant les propriétés suivantes :
    - le papier pour filtres comprend des fibres comprenant des fibres cellulosiques,
    - au moins 80 % en poids, de préférence au moins 90 % en poids, d'une manière particulièrement préférée au moins 95 % en poids et d'une manière tout particulièrement préférée 100 % en poids du papier pour filtres sont formés de fibres de cellulose à longues fibres,
    - parmi les fibres, une proportion, rapportée au nombre des fibres, entre 2 % et 10 %, de préférence entre 3 % et 9 % et d'une manière particulièrement préférée entre 4 % et 8 % ont une longueur inférieure à 0,2 mm,
    - la perméabilité à l'air du papier pour filtres, mesurée selon ISO 2965:2009 est comprise entre 500 cm.min-1.kPa-1 et 15 000 cm.min-1.kPa-1 et de préférence entre 1000 cm.min-1.kPa-1 et 9000 cm.min-1 ·kPa-1,
    - la longueur moyenne en nombre des fibres du papier pour filtres est supérieure à 1 mm et inférieure à 5 mm, de préférence supérieure à 2 mm et inférieure à 4 mm, et
    - la largeur moyenne en nombre des fibres du papier pour filtres est comprise entre 10 µm et 50 µm, de préférence entre 20 µm et 40 µm et d'une manière particulièrement préférée entre 25 µm et 35 µm.
  2. Papier pour filtres selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les fibres de cellulose sont blanchies, sont non blanchies, ou forment un mélange de fibres de cellulose blanches et non blanchies.
  3. Papier pour filtres selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la cellulose à longues fibres est obtenue à partir de bois de résineux, en particulier d'épicéa ou de pin, ou de chanvre, de lin, de sisal, d'abaca, de coton, de ramie, de jute, de kénaf, de gampi, de kozu ou de matsumata.
  4. Papier pour filtres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui à raison d'au plus 10 % en poids, de préférence d'au plus 5 % en poids et d'une manière particulièrement préférée d'au plus 2 % en poids, par rapport à la masse du papier pour filtres, est constitué de fibres de cellulose à fibres courtes, les fibres de cellulose à fibres courtes mentionnées étant obtenues de préférence à partir de bois de feuillu, en particulier de bouleau, de hêtre ou d'eucalyptus, ou à partir d'alfa.
  5. Papier pour filtres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui à raison d'au plus 10 % en poids, de préférence d'au plus 5 % en poids, d'une manière particulièrement préférée d'au plus 2 % en poids, par rapport à la masse du papier pour filtres, est constitué de charges, les charges mentionnées étant de préférence choisies dans un groupe consistant en les carbonates, les sulfates, les silicates ou les oxydes, en particulier le carbonate de calcium, l'oxyde de magnésium, l'hydroxyde de magnésium, le carbonate de magnésium, le dioxyde de titane, le talc, le kaolin ou l'hydroxyde d'aluminium, ainsi que les mélanges de ceux-ci.
  6. Papier pour filtres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui contient des pigments ou des colorants, en particulier de l'oxyde de fer ou un mélange d'oxydes de fer, et/ou
    qui contient un agent d'encollage, en particulier un alkylcétène dimère (AKD), l'anhydride succinique (ASA), une substance hydrophobe, en particulier un ou plusieurs acides gras ou un ou plusieurs alcools gras, de l'amidon ou un agent de résistance à l'état humide.
  7. Papier pour filtres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dont la résistance à la traction dans le sens machine est d'au moins 7 N/15 mm, de préférence d'au moins 8 N/15 mm et d'une manière particulièrement préférée d'au moins 9 N/15 mm et/ou d'au plus 50 N/15 mm, de préférence d'au plus 45 N/15 mm et d'une manière particulièrement préférée d'au plus 40 N/15 mm, et/ou
    dont la résistance à la traction dans le sens travers est d'au moins 4 N/15 mm, de préférence d'au moins 5 N/15 mm et/ou d'au plus 9 N/15 mm, de préférence d'au plus 8 N/15 mm.
  8. Papier pour filtres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dont l'allongement à la rupture dans le sens machine est d'au moins 1 %, de préférence d'au moins 1,2 % et/ou d'au plus 2 %, de préférence d'au plus 1,8 %, et/ou
    dont l'allongement à la rupture dans le sens travers est d'au moins 4 %, de préférence d'au moins 4,5 % et/ou d'au plus 6 %, de préférence d'au plus 5,5 %, ou
    qui est crêpé dans le sens machine et/ou dans le sens travers, et dont l'allongement à la rupture dans le sens ou dans les sens dans lesquels est crêpé le papier pour filtres est d'au plus 25 %, de préférence d'au plus 15 % et d'une manière particulièrement préférée d'au plus 10 %.
  9. Papier pour filtres selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dont le grammage est compris entre 10 et 80 g.m-2, de préférence entre 20 et 60 g.m-2 et d'une manière tout particulièrement préférée est de 30 à 40 g.m-2, et/ou
    l'épaisseur est comprise entre 60 µm et 160 µm, de préférence entre 80 µm et 120 µm.
  10. Procédé de fabrication d'un papier pour filtres, pour la fabrication de filtres destinés à des produits à fumer, en particulier des cigarettes filtres, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    (A) fourniture d'une suspension aqueuse d'une matière fibreuse non raffinée, la matière fibreuse non raffinée comprenant des fibres de cellulose à longues fibres non raffinées, et la proportion des fibres de cellulose à longues fibres non raffinées étant d'au moins 80 % en poids, de préférence d'au moins 90 % en poids, d'une manière particulièrement préférée d'au moins 95 % en poids et d'une manière tout particulièrement préférée de 100 % par rapport à la matière fibreuse non raffinée, et la suspension aqueuse contenant entre 1 % en poids et 5 % en poids de matière fibreuse non raffinée,
    (B) raffinage de la matière fibreuse dans la suspension aqueuse de l'étape (A) ou de la matière fibreuse obtenue à partir d'une partie prélevée de la suspension aqueuse de l'étape (A), dans un raffineur papillon présentant une énergie de raffinage comprise entre 30 W.h.kg-1 et 100 W.h.kg-1, par rapport à la masse de la matière fibreuse non raffinée, et une charge spécifique d'arête comprise entre 0,3 J.m-1 et 1,0 J.m-1 et,
    (C) amenée de la suspension de l'étape (B) à une machine à papier, de préférence une machine à toile inclinée, et formation d'un papier pour filtres dans la machine à papier,
    dans lequel la longueur moyenne en nombre des fibres dans la suspension amenée dans l'étape (C) est supérieure à 1 mm et inférieure à 5 mm, de préférence supérieure à 2 mm et inférieure à 4 mm, et
    dans lequel la largeur moyenne en nombre des fibres dans la suspension amenée dans l'étape (C) est comprise entre 10 µm et 50 µm, de préférence entre 20 µm et 40 µm et d'une manière particulièrement préférée entre 25 µm et 35 µm.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel, entre les étapes (B) et (C) de la suspension qui dans l'étape (B) a été soumise à un raffinage, on amène une suspension supplémentaire, qui contient des fibres de cellulose à longues fibres non raffinées, de telle sorte que, dans le mélange des deux suspensions, au moins 40 % en poids, de préférence au moins 50 % en poids et d'une manière particulièrement préférée au moins 60 % en poids des fibres de cellulose à longues fibres soient raffinées, la suspension supplémentaire mentionnée étant de préférence formée par une partie prélevée de la suspension fournie dans l'étape (A), et/ou dans lequel l'étape (B) du raffinage de la matière fibreuse est mise en œuvre, et éventuellement entre l'étape (B) et l'étape (C) des fibres ayant une longueur supérieure à 0,2 mm sont ajoutées, de telle sorte que, dans la suspension amenée dans l'étape (C), une proportion, rapportée au nombre de fibres, comprise entre 2 % et 10 %, de préférence entre 3 % et 9 % et d'une manière particulièrement préférée entre 4 % et 8 %, présentent une longueur inférieure à 0,2 mm, et/ou qui comprend en outre une étape (D) de crêpage du papier pour filtres dans le sens machine et/ou dans le sens travers.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 ou 11 pour la fabrication d'un papier pour filtres selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9.
  13. Filtre à cigarette, qui au moins en partie est fabriqué à partir d'un papier pour filtres selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9.
  14. Filtre à cigarette selon la revendication 13, qui se présente sous l'une des formes suivantes :
    - sous forme d'un bâtonnet-filtre ayant une longueur de 60 mm à 200 mm, de préférence une longueur de 80 mm à 180 mm, à partir duquel il est possible de fabriquer des bouts-filtres ou des segments de bouts-filtres,
    - sous forme d'un bout-filtre ayant une longueur de 10 mm à 50 mm, de préférence de 15 mm à 30 mm, ou
    - sous forme d'un segment de bout-filtre ayant une longueur de 3 mm à 10 mm, de préférence de 4 mm à 8 mm, et/ou
    ayant un diamètre de 3 mm à 10 mm, de préférence de 4 mm à 9 mm et d'une manière particulièrement préférée de 7 mm à 9 mm, et/ou
    ayant une résistance spécifique à la traction de 10 Pa.mm-1 à 40 Pa.mm-1, de préférence de 15 Pa.mm-1 à 35 Pa.mm-1.
  15. Cigarette filtre, comprenant un boudin de tabac et un filtre à cigarette selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, le filtre à cigarette étant formé d'un bout-filtre selon la revendication 14 ou contenant un segment de bout-filtre selon la revendication 14,
    le filtre à cigarette présentant de préférence une efficacité de filtration des NFDPM de 20 % à 80 %, de préférence de 30 % à 70 %, et/ou
    le filtre à cigarette étant un filtre à cigarette segmenté, qui comprend un segment de bout-filtre selon la revendication 14 et un segment de bout-filtre en acétate de cellulose, le segment de bout-filtre en acétate de cellulose se trouvant à l'extrémité bouche de la cigarette.
EP17701315.8A 2016-03-21 2017-01-24 Papier filtre amélioré pour filtre de cigarette Active EP3433427B1 (fr)

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BR112018068607A2 (pt) 2019-02-05
DE102016105235A1 (de) 2017-09-21
CN108779609A (zh) 2018-11-09
US11083217B2 (en) 2021-08-10
ES2836530T3 (es) 2021-06-25
EP3433427A1 (fr) 2019-01-30
US20190059443A1 (en) 2019-02-28
WO2017162347A1 (fr) 2017-09-28
CN108779609B (zh) 2021-11-16
PL3433427T3 (pl) 2021-03-08
PH12018501973A1 (en) 2019-06-17

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