EP3426007B1 - Dispositif d'éclairage de véhicule automobile à commande de puissance - Google Patents

Dispositif d'éclairage de véhicule automobile à commande de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3426007B1
EP3426007B1 EP18182482.2A EP18182482A EP3426007B1 EP 3426007 B1 EP3426007 B1 EP 3426007B1 EP 18182482 A EP18182482 A EP 18182482A EP 3426007 B1 EP3426007 B1 EP 3426007B1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
led
circuit
switching
lighting device
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EP18182482.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3426007A1 (fr
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Burkhard Herbach
Christian Vollmer
Frank Marowski
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Priority claimed from DE202017104063.1U external-priority patent/DE202017104063U1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • H05B47/24—Circuit arrangements for protecting against overvoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/32—Pulse-control circuits
    • H05B45/325—Pulse-width modulation [PWM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
    • H05B45/56—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits involving measures to prevent abnormal temperature of the LEDs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle lighting device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the quadratic influence of the voltage for the power calculation means that with an overvoltage of 25%, the lighting equipment is operated with an effective power that can be three times the nominal connected load of the LED.
  • the LED strips which are equipped with LEDs and series resistors and are operated with an applied voltage of 12V with an output of 100%, the output increases when the end-of-charge voltage of 14.4V and thus an overvoltage of 20% is applied more than 200%.
  • the series resistors are exposed to loads that lead to their destruction.
  • the effects of this significantly increased effective output consist firstly in increased heat emission, which, depending on the installation situation, should be avoided from the point of view of the risk of fire.
  • the service life of the affected LED is significantly reduced.
  • the practical useful life of the lighting device which is much shorter than the lifetime, can be significantly reduced.
  • the length of time during which the lighting device emits a light that can be used by the user is referred to as the practical service life.
  • the practical service life therefore depends for example, from the state of charge of a battery, with which the lighting device is operated.
  • LED illuminants In practice, however, the problem often arises that it is not the LEDs themselves that are to be operated, but so-called LED illuminants. LEDs on the one hand and LED illuminants on the other hand for operation with constant voltages differ in that the LED illuminants have an integrated constant current source. In most cases, this is realized by a simple series resistor and the formation of LED groups in a series circuit. However, the constant current generated in this way is only maintained if the current-limiting series resistor and the LED group are operated at a constant voltage. In the normal case, i.e. in the case of an application as a fixed installation that is connected to the public electricity or voltage network, a constant voltage power supply ensures the supply with a constant voltage.
  • a lighting device which can also be used in a motor vehicle.
  • This publication also provides that the LED is connected directly and not, for example, an independent LED light source with its own current limitation - ie an LED with a series resistor - is operated.
  • This publication specifies an efficiency of the LEDs in such a way that about 40 to 80% of the energy supplied is converted into heat, with the heat being able to permanently damage the LED.
  • a lighting device for a flashlight is known. Since the flashlight is powered by a battery, if necessary with a rechargeable battery or accumulator, there is no problem of overvoltage occurring during operation, as can occur in the automotive sector if the vehicle electrical system is charged with a higher than the Nominal voltage of 12V is operated, for example with the end-of-charge voltage of 14.4 V, which is provided for charging the starter battery.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving a generic motor vehicle lighting device in such a way that it enables operation with the desired power even when an overvoltage is present.
  • the invention proposes connecting an electronic overvoltage protection circuit, referred to for short as a circuit, upstream of the LED for power regulation.
  • the effective power of the lighting device is regulated by means of the circuit in that an undesired power input into the LED light is prevented and the power input is rather limited to the desired target value. At the same time, this reduces the energy requirement of the lighting device compared to operation without the proposed circuit.
  • the actual voltage applied to the lighting device is not changed in the process, so that a particularly economical circuit can be used.
  • the voltage present there can be determined and taken into account for each LED light.
  • the circuit effects the power regulation by means of an intermittent modulation.
  • the power supply for the LED is therefore alternately switched on and off at intervals, so that the LED is also switched on and off alternately accordingly.
  • the human observer Similar to what is known from the leading edge or trailing edge for dimming classic light bulbs, the human observer has a certain perception of brightness depending on the amplitude of the voltage and the duty cycle of each pulse, although the optical perception of a constantly shining lighting device is retained can if the on and off cycles take place with a physiologically sufficiently high frequency. Since such an intermittent modulation for dimming the LED light is provided anyway, ie for influencing its brightness control, the present proposal can be implemented with comparatively simple structural means and economically.
  • the actual voltage actually present is first detected by means of the circuit provided according to the proposal.
  • the duty cycle of the LED is reduced.
  • this voltage supply can be mentally divided into seamlessly lined up, equally long intervals of a certain duration, e.g. B. 50 or 100 intervals per second. Each of these intervals can be divided into two different switching states, namely a switch-on phase and a switch-off phase.
  • the switch-on phase the actual voltage remains unchanged, and in the switch-off phase the voltage has the value zero. Accordingly, if the voltage is constant, the switch-off phase has a duration of zero. If an overvoltage occurs, the switch-off phase is lengthened to a value greater than zero and the switch-on phase is shortened accordingly by means of the circuit.
  • the circuit can therefore advantageously take into account a correspondingly large number of intervals per second, that is to say switch a correspondingly large number of on and off phases per second. It is known from the field of film projection that the impression of uninterrupted, fluid movement can already be achieved at frequencies below 30 Hz.
  • the switching frequency can therefore advantageously also be correspondingly high. In order to reliably exclude the unpleasant perception of flickering, in particular more than 100 intervals per second can be provided, for example 200 to 700 intervals.
  • the proposed circuit can be used not only in the above-mentioned continuous operation of the LED with a constantly applied supply voltage, but also together with a dimmer.
  • a frequency-based dimmer can be used in a manner known per se, which alternately generates on and off phases.
  • the duration of the switch-on phases is reduced when overvoltages occur, so that in this case too, based on a target switch-on period in operation with the target voltage, the actual voltage that actually occurs results in a correspondingly shorter actual switch-on period leads.
  • the quadratic influence of the voltage for the power calculation is opposed to the purely linear influence of the shortened switch-on phase.
  • the effects of an overvoltage on the LEDs on the one hand and the ballast resistors of the lighting device on the other are also different, so that an exact calculation would require a comparatively complex design of the circuit in order to ensure exactly identical power consumption of the lighting device under the actual conditions by means of the circuit , as would otherwise be the case under target conditions.
  • the LEDs and the series resistors of the lighting devices can behave differently, so that an exact adjustment of the circuit would be necessary to ensure the identical power consumption mentioned under the actual conditions.
  • a first alternative for protecting the LEDs can be the use of a protective circuit in the motor vehicle lighting device by controlling the shortening of the so-called "duty cycles" or switch-on duration in the switch-on and switch-off cycles with sufficiently good accuracy according to the relative overvoltage will.
  • a relatively linear correlation between overvoltage and the resulting power increase could be determined empirically in the first tests.
  • the circuit shortens the switch-on phase by a fixed factor within an interval when an overvoltage is present, depending on the determined actual voltage that is actually present. This enables a simple, economical construction of the circuit. In this way, the lighting device is not supplied with the same power as when the reference voltage is applied, but it can be ensured that the negative effects of the overvoltage are significantly reduced or even avoided to an extent that is relevant in practice.
  • this factor F is 1, for example, the switch-on phase is shortened by the same amount by which the overvoltage exceeds the intended voltage.
  • the switch-on phase is shortened by 10% compared to the intended target switch-on time of the LED, so that the product of voltage and switch-on time results in the same value as the product of the non-reduced switch-on time and the target voltage .
  • another factor can be taken into account in the circuit. For example, a factor of 3 shortens the switch-on phase by 15% when there is a 5% overvoltage, and shortens the switch-on phase by 60% when there is a 20% overvoltage, to just 40% of its target duration.
  • the drawing shows a diagram in which an electrical voltage U is plotted against time t, ie the voltage U that can be applied to an LED is plotted in the vertical direction and the time t is plotted in the horizontal direction.
  • the LED is not operated constantly, but rather at intervals, namely by means of a dimmer, which enables the brightness of the LED to be influenced intermittently in the manner of voltage modulation.
  • the switch-on phase at target voltage U S is a period of time that is identified as target duration D S and runs from a switch-on time t 1 des first interval to an end time t s lasts.
  • a switch-off phase is provided after this target duration D S has elapsed. This lasts up to a point in time t 2 , at which the first interval ends and the second interval begins, in which the connected LED is switched on again.
  • a circuit that can be referred to as an overvoltage protection circuit for power control is used to detect the actual voltage U i and to modulate the switch-on phases in such a way that the connected LED can still be operated with approximately the desired power, and that in any case, operation with an unacceptably high power is avoided.
  • the actual voltage U i is not changed, but the LED is operated with this overvoltage.
  • the switch-on phase is reduced within an interval from the target value D S to an actual duration D i , so that the switch-on phase from time t 1 at the beginning of the interval only ends at the actual end time t i instead of up to the actually intended end Time t S lasts.
  • the circuit provided according to the proposal can also be designed in such a way that another factor is used, or that an additional correction factor is included in the calculation of the actual duration D i : for example if the brightness of the LED does not change linearly with the applied voltage developed, the mentioned correction factor can ensure that the LED is operated with the desired brightness.
  • the actual duration D i can be further shortened by means of such correction factors than was described with reference to the exemplary embodiment, so that the positive effects of the circuit are particularly noticeable.
  • Standard LED strips available on the market are designed to be operated at a constant voltage. Because the amount of light emitted by an LED depends solely on the current, it is necessary to keep this current constant. If the connection voltage is constant, a constant current must be ensured using a series resistor. This must be ensured when operating with power packs, e.g. in building installations. Here, due to the line resistance caused by longer building cabling, the desired connection voltage is often undercut and the maximum permissible LED output or brightness is not achieved. But the operation in the car looks different. On-board voltages of 10-20% above the nominal voltage of 12V are even the norm here. What hardly anyone has taken into account is that this overvoltage drastically increases the performance of the system in LEDs with a series resistor. Depending on the LED quality, this can lead to up to 200% of the nominal power at 20% overvoltage. The brightness is not even doubled, but the series resistor contributes significantly to the heating.
  • the best-known method of preventing such negative effects is the use of constant current sources. These are precisely matched to the LEDs used or to the application and are either connected externally or built together with the LED. The latter leads to increased costs. Due to the low board voltage of 12V, the former is only suitable for a maximum of 3 (white) LEDs in series. In any case, the connected LED power or the LED current must be known in advance so that the correct LED power can be set.
  • a motor vehicle lighting device designed according to the invention aims to avoid overheating of the LED lights in the event of changing and increased on-board voltages.
  • the first desired side effect is keeping the brightness constant. This is achieved because the human eye integrates the brightness of a light source over perception, much like a television picture. People knows that a television picture shows frames in succession, but these are still perceived as flowing movements. In the present case, a technique is used that is also used for dimming LEDs. The functional connection between on-board voltage and the resulting connected load has been determined here so that their influence can be compensated.
  • Limiting the output power in the case of excessive voltages can also be done with a constant current source, but this always requires knowledge or a commitment to a specific nominal power. According to the invention, on the other hand, no such definition is required here and it is automatically limited to the currently connected LED power over the entire power range. Even different constant voltage LED lights connected in parallel can be limited in their respective individual output. In addition, overvoltage protection is automatically integrated LEDs above e.g. adjustable 16V on-board (over) voltage completely switched off and thus safely protected.
  • the controller can be used on 12V or 24V systems and can be operated with an input voltage of up to 30V.
  • a separate protection circuit becomes active, which protects the controller itself. However, only for a limited time of a few minutes.
  • the system is designed to be self-resetting so that no user intervention on the control is necessary. If the voltage falls below an adjustable threshold, the function is automatically reactivated.
  • a constant voltage or a constant current is required. If the voltage is constant, the desired operating state can be established by suitably selecting a (constant) series resistor.
  • the current determines the performance, which is why this must be known in advance so that a defined working area can be established. Universal use is not possible because the power source has to be matched to the LEDs.
  • the concept according to the invention avoids these two disadvantages because it works independently of the actual connected power. Simply measuring the difference between the actual and target voltage is sufficient to prevent load-independent power limitation and thus excessive heating of the LEDs. For this purpose, a functional relationship between overvoltage and power consumption was determined. This functional relationship is used in an LED controller according to the invention in order to keep the power consumption of the LEDs with a series resistor approximately constant despite overvoltage.

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Dispositif d'éclairage de véhicule automobile, comprenant une source de tension débitant une tension réelle Us qui dévie le cas échéant d'une tension de consigne Ui, et une LED pouvant être raccordée à la source de tension, et comprenant une résistance en série située en amont de la LED, sachant qu'est connecté en amont de la LED un circuit électronique de protection anti-surtension appelé succinctement circuit et servant à réguler la puissance au moyen d'une modulation intermittente de la tension, modulation qui est configurée de sorte à interrompre périodiquement l'alimentation en tension de sorte que la LED soit allumée et éteinte en alternance, sachant que chaque fois une phase d'allumage et une phase d'extinction qui la suit définissent un intervalle, sachant que le circuit est configuré de sorte qu'en conservant la tension réelle Ui appliquée au circuit, la durée d'allumage réelle Di à l'intérieur d'un intervalle est comparativement plus courte qu'une durée d'allumage de consigne prédéfinie Ds lorsque la tension réelle Ui de la source de tension dépasse sa tension de consigne Us, caractérisé en ce que le circuit est configuré de sorte que dans le calcul de la durée d'allumage réelle Di est ajouté un facteur F de sorte que pour une surtension Ü déterminée selon la formule U i / U s − 1 = Ü ,
    Figure imgb0004
     la durée d'allumage réelle est fixée selon le calcul Ds - (Ds * Ü * F) = Di.
  2. Dispositif d'éclairage de véhicule automobile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'éclairage comporte un variateur situé en amont du circuit et générant des phases d'allumage et d'extinction.
  3. Dispositif d'éclairage de véhicule automobile selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que le circuit est configuré de sorte à commuter chaque seconde 25 opérations ou plus d'allumage et d'extinction.
  4. Dispositif d'éclairage de véhicule automobile selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le circuit est configuré de sorte à commuter chaque seconde 100 opérations ou plus d'allumage et d'extinction.
  5. Dispositif d'éclairage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le circuit est configuré de sorte que dans le calcul de la durée d'allumage réelle Di est ajouté un facteur correctif tenant compte de la courbe de luminosité de la LED dans la plage des surtensions.
EP18182482.2A 2017-07-07 2018-07-09 Dispositif d'éclairage de véhicule automobile à commande de puissance Active EP3426007B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201830880T SI3426007T1 (sl) 2017-07-07 2018-07-09 Osvetlitvena priprava za motorno vozilo s krmiljenjem moči

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202017104063.1U DE202017104063U1 (de) 2017-07-07 2017-07-07 Kfz-Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit Leistungssteuerung
DE102017119464 2017-08-25

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EP3426007A1 EP3426007A1 (fr) 2019-01-09
EP3426007B1 true EP3426007B1 (fr) 2022-12-28

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PL (1) PL3426007T3 (fr)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230064700A1 (en) * 2021-08-24 2023-03-02 Lumileds Llc Driver for led retrofit with pwm correction unit, led retrofit and vehicle headlight

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004042676A1 (de) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer elektrischen Lichtquelle durch Pulsweitenmodulation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7740371B1 (en) * 1998-03-19 2010-06-22 Charles A. Lemaire Method and apparatus for pulsed L.E.D. illumination for a camera
US20140354169A1 (en) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Kevin McDermott Light emitting diode lighting device
KR102342546B1 (ko) * 2015-08-12 2021-12-30 삼성전자주식회사 Led 구동 장치, 조명 장치 및 전류 제어 회로

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004042676A1 (de) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer elektrischen Lichtquelle durch Pulsweitenmodulation

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PL3426007T3 (pl) 2023-05-08
SI3426007T1 (sl) 2023-05-31
EP3426007A1 (fr) 2019-01-09

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