EP3422115A1 - Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks - Google Patents

Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3422115A1
EP3422115A1 EP17177906.9A EP17177906A EP3422115A1 EP 3422115 A1 EP3422115 A1 EP 3422115A1 EP 17177906 A EP17177906 A EP 17177906A EP 3422115 A1 EP3422115 A1 EP 3422115A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spiral spring
total
equal
titanium
spring according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17177906.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3422115B1 (de
Inventor
Christian Charbon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nivarox Far SA
Nivarox SA
Original Assignee
Nivarox Far SA
Nivarox SA
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Publication date
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Application filed by Nivarox Far SA, Nivarox SA filed Critical Nivarox Far SA
Priority to EP17177906.9A priority Critical patent/EP3422115B1/de
Priority to CH00861/17A priority patent/CH713935A2/fr
Priority to EP18176374.9A priority patent/EP3422116B1/de
Priority to CH00743/18A priority patent/CH713924B1/fr
Priority to JP2018114347A priority patent/JP6560792B2/ja
Priority to US16/012,274 priority patent/US10795317B2/en
Priority to RU2018122930A priority patent/RU2763453C2/ru
Priority to CN201810668822.5A priority patent/CN109116712B/zh
Publication of EP3422115A1 publication Critical patent/EP3422115A1/de
Publication of EP3422115B1 publication Critical patent/EP3422115B1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/14—Mainsprings; Bridles therefor
    • G04B1/145—Composition and manufacture of the springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0002—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe
    • G04D3/0005—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe for parts of driving means
    • G04D3/0007—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe for parts of driving means for springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0002—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe
    • G04D3/0035—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe for components of the regulating mechanism
    • G04D3/0041—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for mechanical working other than with a lathe for components of the regulating mechanism for coil-springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G04B17/227—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature composition and manufacture of the material used

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spiral watch spring, in particular a barrel spring or a spiral spring, with a bi-phased structure.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a spiral watch spring.
  • the invention relates to the field of the manufacture of clock springs, in particular energy storage springs, such as barrel springs or springs-motor spirals or ringing, or oscillator springs, such as spirals.
  • energy storage springs such as barrel springs or springs-motor spirals or ringing
  • oscillator springs such as spirals.
  • the invention proposes to define a new type of spiral watch spring, based on the selection of a particular material, and to develop the appropriate manufacturing process.
  • the invention relates to a spiral watch spring with a bi-phased structure according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a spiral watch spring according to claim 9.
  • the invention relates to a spiral watch spring bi-phased structure.
  • the material of this spiral spring is a binary type alloy comprising niobium and titanium
  • this alloy has a mass proportion of titanium greater than or equal to 45.0% of the total and less than or equal to 48.0% of the total.
  • this spiral spring has a bi-phased microstructure comprising centered cubic niobium beta and compact hexagonal alpha titanium.
  • the mass proportion of titanium is greater than or equal to 46.5% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of titanium is less than or equal to 47.5% of the total.
  • the balance at 100% of the total mass is made by titanium, and the mass proportion of niobium is greater than or equal to 51.7% of the total and less than or equal to 55.0% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of titanium is greater than or equal to 46.0% of the total and less than or equal to 50.0% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of titanium is greater than or equal to 53.5% of the total and less than or equal to 56.5% of the total, and the mass proportion of niobium is greater than or equal to 43.5% of the total and less than or equal to 46.5% of the total.
  • the total proportions by weight of titanium and niobium is between 99.7% and 100% of the total.
  • the proportion by mass of oxygen is less than or equal to 0.10% of the total, or even less than or equal to 0.085% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of tantalum is less than or equal to 0.10% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of carbon is less than or equal to 0.04% of the total, in particular less than or equal to 0.020% of the total, or even less than or equal to 0.0175% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of iron is less than or equal to 0.03% of the total, in particular less than or equal to 0.025% of the total, or even less than or equal to 0.020% of the total.
  • the proportion by weight of nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.02% of the total, in particular less than or equal to 0.015% of the total, or even less than or equal to 0.0075% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of hydrogen is less than or equal to 0.01% of the total, in particular less than or equal to 0.0035% of the total, or even less than or equal to 0.0005% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of nickel is less than or equal to 0.01% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of silicon is less than or equal to 0.01% of the total.
  • the proportion by mass of nickel is less than or equal to 0.01% of the total, in particular less than or equal to 0.16% of the total.
  • the mass proportion of ductile or copper material is less than or equal to 0.01% of the total, in particular less than or equal to 0.005% of the total.
  • the proportion by weight of aluminum is less than or equal to 0.01% of the total.
  • This spiral spring has a yield strength greater than or equal to 1000 MPa.
  • the spiral spring has a yield point greater than or equal to 1500 MPa.
  • the spiral spring has a yield point greater than or equal to 2000 MPa.
  • this spiral spring has a modulus of elasticity greater than 60 GPa and less than or equal to 80 GPa.
  • the alloy thus determined allows, according to the treatment applied during the preparation, the production of spiral springs which are spiral springs with an elastic limit greater than or equal to 1000 MPa, or barrel springs, especially when the elastic limit greater than or equal to 1500 MPa.
  • the application to a spiral spring requires properties capable of guaranteeing the maintenance of chronometric performance despite the variation in the operating temperatures of a watch incorporating such a spiral spring.
  • the thermoelastic coefficient, also called CTE of the alloy then has a great importance.
  • the hardened beta phase alloy has a strongly positive CTE, and the precipitation of the alpha phase which has a strongly negative CTE makes it possible to reduce the two-phase alloy to a CTE close to zero, which is particularly favorable.
  • a CTE +/- 10 ppm / ° C must be reached.
  • M and T are respectively the step and the temperature.
  • E is the Young's modulus of the spiral spring, and in this formula, E, ⁇ and ⁇ are expressed in ° C -1 .
  • CT is the thermal coefficient of the oscillator, (1 / E, dE / dT) is the CTE of the spiral alloy, ⁇ is the coefficient of expansion of the balance and ⁇ that of the spiral.
  • this alloy of coupled deformation-heat treatment precipitation sequences comprising the application of alternating deformations (21) to heat treatments (22), until obtaining a bi-phased microstructure comprising niobium beta and alpha titanium, with an elastic limit greater than or equal to 2000 MPa.
  • the treatment cycle then comprises a beta quench (15) at a given diameter, so that the entire structure of the alloy is beta, then a succession of these coupled deformation-heat treatment precipitation sequences.
  • each deformation is carried out with a given deformation rate of between 1 and 5, this deformation rate satisfying the conventional formula 2ln (d0 / d), where d0 is the diameter of the last beta quench, and where d is the diameter of the hardened wire.
  • the overall accumulation of the deformations over the whole of this succession of phases brings a total deformation rate of between 1 and 14.
  • Each coupled deformation-heat treatment precipitation sequence comprises, in each case, a heat treatment of precipitation of the phase. alpha Ti (300-700 ° C, 1h-30h).
  • This variant of the method comprising a beta quench is particularly suitable for the manufacture of barrel springs. More particularly, this beta quench is a solution treatment, with a duration of between 5 minutes and 2 hours at a temperature between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C, under vacuum, followed by cooling under gas.
  • this beta quench is a solution treatment, with 1 hour at 800 ° C under vacuum, followed by cooling under gas.
  • each coupled deformation-precipitation heat treatment sequence comprises a precipitation treatment of a duration of a precipitation treatment lasting between 1 hour and 80 hours at a temperature of between 350 ° C and 700 ° C. More particularly, the time is between 1 hour and 10 hours at a temperature between 380 ° C and 650 ° C. More particularly, the time is from 1 hour to 12 hours, at a temperature of 380 ° C.
  • the process comprises between one and five coupled deformation-heat treatment precipitation sequences.
  • the first coupled deformation-precipitation heat treatment sequence comprises a first deformation with at least 30% section reduction.
  • each coupled deformation-heat treatment precipitation sequence other than the first, has a deformation between two thermal precipitation treatments with at least 25% section reduction.
  • a surface layer of ductile material taken from copper, nickel, cupro-nickel, cupro -magnanese, gold, silver, nickel-phosphorus Ni-P and nickel-boron Ni-B, or the like, to facilitate the forming of wire by drawing and drawing and rolling.
  • the wire is stripped of its layer of ductile material , in particular by etching, in a step 50.
  • mainspring it is indeed possible to perform the manufacture by ringing and heat treatment, where the ring setting replaces the calendering.
  • the mainspring is still generally heat-treated after ringing or after calendering.
  • the last phase of deformation is carried out in the form of a flat rolling, and the last heat treatment is carried out on the calendered spring or set in a ring or strapped. More particularly, after drawing, the wire is rolled flat, before the manufacture of the spring itself by calendering or strapping or setting ring.
  • the surface layer of ductile material is deposited so as to constitute a spiral spring whose pitch is not a multiple of the thickness of the blade.
  • the surface layer of ductile material is deposited so as to form a spring whose pitch is variable.
  • ductile or copper material is thus added at a given moment to facilitate the drawing of the wire by drawing and drawing, so that there remains a thickness of 10 to 500 microns on the wire at the final diameter of 0.3 to 1 millimeters.
  • the wire is stripped of its layer of ductile material or copper especially by etching, and is rolled flat before the manufacture of the actual spring.
  • the supply of ductile material or copper can be galvanic, or mechanical, it is then a jacket or a ductile material or copper tube which is fitted on a bar of niobium-titanium alloy to a large diameter, then which is thinned during the deformation steps of the composite bar.
  • the removal of the layer is in particular feasible by etching, with a solution based on cyanides or based on acids, for example nitric acid.
  • the invention thus makes it possible, in particular, to produce a spiral barrel spring made of an alloy of niobium-titanium type, typically 47% by weight of titanium (46-50%).
  • a very fine lamellar bi-phased microstructure in particular nanometric, comprising or composed of niobium beta and alpha titanium.
  • This alloy combines a very high elastic limit, greater than at least 1000 MPa, or greater than 1500 MPa, or even 2000 MPa on wire, and a very low modulus of elasticity, of the order of 60 Gpa to 80 GPa.
  • This combination of properties is well suited for a mainspring or sprung spring.
  • This niobium-titanium type alloy is easily coated with ductile or copper material, which greatly facilitates its deformation by drawing.
  • Such an alloy is known and used for the manufacture of superconductors, such as magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, or particle accelerators), but is not used in watchmaking. Its fine and bi-phased microstructure is sought in the case of superconductors for physical reasons and has the collateral effect of improving the mechanical properties of the alloy.
  • An alloy of NbTi47 type is particularly suitable for producing a mainspring, and also for the production of spiral springs.
  • a binary type alloy comprising niobium and titanium, of the type selected above for the implementation of the invention, is also it can be used as a spiral wire, it has an effect similar to that of the "Elinvar", with a thermo-elastic coefficient practically zero in the range of temperatures of usual use of watches, and suitable for the manufacture of spirals self-compensating, especially for niobium-titanium alloys with a mass proportion of titanium of 40%, 50%, or 65%.
  • Shaping the yarn of a spiral spring involves avoiding high titanium alloys, and the need for achieving spiral thermal compensation involves avoiding low titanium alloys.
EP17177906.9A 2017-06-26 2017-06-26 Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks Active EP3422115B1 (de)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17177906.9A EP3422115B1 (de) 2017-06-26 2017-06-26 Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks
CH00861/17A CH713935A2 (fr) 2017-06-26 2017-07-03 Ressort spiralé d'horlogerie.
EP18176374.9A EP3422116B1 (de) 2017-06-26 2018-06-06 Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks
CH00743/18A CH713924B1 (fr) 2017-06-26 2018-06-11 Ressort spiralé d'horlogerie.
JP2018114347A JP6560792B2 (ja) 2017-06-26 2018-06-15 計時器用の渦巻き状のばね
US16/012,274 US10795317B2 (en) 2017-06-26 2018-06-19 Spiral timepiece spring
RU2018122930A RU2763453C2 (ru) 2017-06-26 2018-06-25 Спиральная пружина для часов
CN201810668822.5A CN109116712B (zh) 2017-06-26 2018-06-26 螺旋钟表弹簧

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17177906.9A EP3422115B1 (de) 2017-06-26 2017-06-26 Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3422115A1 true EP3422115A1 (de) 2019-01-02
EP3422115B1 EP3422115B1 (de) 2021-08-04

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EP17177906.9A Active EP3422115B1 (de) 2017-06-26 2017-06-26 Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks

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EP (1) EP3422115B1 (de)
CH (1) CH713935A2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3502785B1 (de) 2017-12-21 2020-08-12 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spiralfeder für uhrwerk, und ihr herstellungsverfahren
EP3422116B1 (de) 2017-06-26 2020-11-04 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1558816A1 (de) * 1966-06-08 1972-03-09 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung nicht ferromagnetischer Legierungen mit einstellbarem Temperaturkoeffizienten des Elastizitaetsmoduls
EP1114876A1 (de) * 1999-06-11 2001-07-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Titanlegierung und verfahren zu deren herstellung
EP1258786A1 (de) * 2001-05-18 2002-11-20 Montres Rolex Sa Selbstkompensierende Feder für einen mechanischen Oszillator vom Unruh-Spiralfeder-Typ
US20070133355A1 (en) 2003-11-07 2007-06-14 Seik Epson Corporation Timepiece and spring thereof
WO2015189278A2 (fr) 2014-06-11 2015-12-17 Cartier Création Studio Sa Oscillateur pour un ensemble de balancier-spiral d'une pièce d'horlogerie
EP2993531A1 (de) 2014-09-08 2016-03-09 Precision Engineering AG Verfahren zur umformung einer feder
WO2018172164A1 (fr) 2017-03-24 2018-09-27 Universite De Lorraine ALLIAGE DE TITANE ß METASTABLE, RESSORT D'HORLOGERIE A BASE D'UN TEL ALLIAGE ET SON PROCEDE DE FABRICATION

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JPH04279212A (ja) 1991-03-07 1992-10-05 Shinko Kosen Kogyo Kk チタン又はチタン合金の細線の製造方法
WO1996041382A2 (en) 1995-06-07 1996-12-19 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Niobium 47 weight % titanium by iron addition and method for making superconducting multifilamentary wire
EP0886195B1 (de) 1997-06-20 2002-02-13 Montres Rolex Sa Selbstkompensierende Spiralfeder für mechanische Uhrwerkunruhspiralfederoszillator und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CH711913A2 (fr) 2015-12-02 2017-06-15 Nivarox Far Sa Procédé de fabrication d'un ressort-spiral d'horlogerie.
EP3422116B1 (de) 2017-06-26 2020-11-04 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks
EP3502785B1 (de) 2017-12-21 2020-08-12 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spiralfeder für uhrwerk, und ihr herstellungsverfahren

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1558816A1 (de) * 1966-06-08 1972-03-09 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung nicht ferromagnetischer Legierungen mit einstellbarem Temperaturkoeffizienten des Elastizitaetsmoduls
EP1114876A1 (de) * 1999-06-11 2001-07-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Titanlegierung und verfahren zu deren herstellung
EP1258786A1 (de) * 2001-05-18 2002-11-20 Montres Rolex Sa Selbstkompensierende Feder für einen mechanischen Oszillator vom Unruh-Spiralfeder-Typ
US20070133355A1 (en) 2003-11-07 2007-06-14 Seik Epson Corporation Timepiece and spring thereof
WO2015189278A2 (fr) 2014-06-11 2015-12-17 Cartier Création Studio Sa Oscillateur pour un ensemble de balancier-spiral d'une pièce d'horlogerie
EP2993531A1 (de) 2014-09-08 2016-03-09 Precision Engineering AG Verfahren zur umformung einer feder
WO2018172164A1 (fr) 2017-03-24 2018-09-27 Universite De Lorraine ALLIAGE DE TITANE ß METASTABLE, RESSORT D'HORLOGERIE A BASE D'UN TEL ALLIAGE ET SON PROCEDE DE FABRICATION

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3422116B1 (de) 2017-06-26 2020-11-04 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spiralfeder eines uhrwerks
EP3502785B1 (de) 2017-12-21 2020-08-12 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spiralfeder für uhrwerk, und ihr herstellungsverfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3422115B1 (de) 2021-08-04
CH713935A2 (fr) 2018-12-28

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