EP3417233A1 - Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique - Google Patents
Initiateur opto-pyrotechniqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3417233A1 EP3417233A1 EP17709154.3A EP17709154A EP3417233A1 EP 3417233 A1 EP3417233 A1 EP 3417233A1 EP 17709154 A EP17709154 A EP 17709154A EP 3417233 A1 EP3417233 A1 EP 3417233A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- pyrotechnic
- initiator
- glass
- glass preform
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/195—Manufacture
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of pyrotechnic initiators whose ignition or priming is achieved by means of a light energy signal. This type of initiator is called opto-pyrotechnic initiator.
- the invention particularly but not exclusively relates to applications in space launchers where opto-pyrotechnic initiators are used to perform many pyrotechnic functions.
- an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprises a pyrotechnic charge disposed in a cavity, an optical fiber connected at one end to a source of light radiation, for example a laser diode, the other end of the optical fiber being placed at proximity of the pyrotechnic charge to transmit the light radiation and light the latter.
- connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator is generally carried out by bonding the fiber in a ferrule with a seal or directly on the body.
- This type of bond has several disadvantages, particularly when the initiator is intended to be exposed to high temperatures and pressures. Indeed, a fiber optic link / initiator body made by means of an adhesive has a limited life due to degassing of the organic products present in the bond which degrade in time. In addition, the mechanical and / or thermal strength of this type of connection is no longer provided in temperature conditions of several hundred degrees and pressures of several hundred megapascals. Moreover, this type of connection is complex and expensive to implement due in particular to the need to use several elements (ferrule, seal) to achieve the connection.
- the present invention proposes a method of manufacturing an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprising the following steps:
- a body having a cavity in which a pyrotechnic charge is to be accommodated the body further comprising an internal passage extending between an inlet opening on an outer face of said body and the cavity containing the pyrotechnic charge ,
- the method of manufacturing an opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to form a connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator by glass sealing.
- the optical fiber is sealed to the body of the initiator by a hermetic glass sealing element which ensures perfect adhesion with both the body of the initiator and the optical fiber and, therefore, a perfect seal .
- a sealing element is able to withstand temperatures of more than 2700 ° C for very short periods (a few milliseconds), at temperatures of the order of 200 ° C for longer periods (several minutes) and pressures of several hundred megapascals (MPa) corresponding to the conditions of use encountered in space launchers.
- connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator produced in accordance with the process of the invention is devoid of organic products, which is not the case for the connections of the prior art which use elastomer gaskets and glue in large quantity for the structural holding.
- the bond according to the invention is furthermore chemically compatible with the optical fiber. It also allows reduce the number of parts needed to achieve a tight connection while being economical to achieve and easy to industrialize.
- the glass preform has a melting point of between 320 ° C. and 350 ° C., which preserves the integrity of the fiber.
- the glass preform is heated until reaching a peak temperature between 320 ° C. and 420 ° C., the heating time, once the peak temperature reached, being between 1 and 15 seconds.
- the method of the invention further comprises a step of removing the organic coating present around the optical fiber at the first portion of said fiber. This makes it possible to increase the adhesion power between the sealing element and the optical fiber while avoiding degassing on the surface of the fiber during heat treatment.
- the body of the initiator may be made of refractory ceramic material or metallic material.
- the glass preform is made by pressing a glass powder and sintering the powder in a specific form.
- the sintering does not leave residues in the preform thus formed so that, during the reflow of the glass, there is no degassing.
- the glass preform has an annular shape, which facilitates its interposition between the optical fiber and the entry of the body of the initiator.
- the present invention also relates to an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprising a body having a cavity in which is housed a pyrotechnic charge, the body further comprising an internal passage extending between an inlet opening on an outer face of said body and the cavity containing the pyrotechnic charge, an optical fiber comprising a first portion present in the internal passage of the body and a second portion present outside the body, the optical fiber being intended to convey a light signal capable of initiating the pyrotechnic charge, the initiator further comprising a glass sealing member present between the body inlet and the fiber optical, the sealing member adhering to both the wall of the entrance of the body and the outer surface of the optical fiber.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic sectional views showing the manufacture of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a detail view of FIG. 2 showing the melting of a glass preform
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figures 1 to 4 show the manufacture of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the process begins with the formation of a body 110 having a cavity 111 in which is intended to be housed a charge or pyrotechnic composition.
- the cavity 111 comprises an opening 111a located in the lower part of the body 110, the opening 111a corresponding to the part of the body 110 through which the gases generated by the pyrotechnic charge are removed.
- the body 110 further comprises an internal passage 112 extending between an inlet 113 opening on the upper outer face 110a of the body 110 and the cavity 111.
- the inlet 113 here comprises a cavity 1130 having a section (diameter) greater than that of the internal passage 112, the cavity 1130 being connected to the internal passage 112 by a neck 1131 having a decreasing section from the cavity 1130 to the internal passage 112.
- the body 110 may be formed of a metallic material such as Inconel, stainless steel 316L or 17-4 PH or a refractory ceramic material such as for example alumina, aluminum nitride or boron nitride.
- the manufacture of the opto-pyrotech initiator is continued by placing an optical fiber 120 in the body 110.
- the optical fiber 120 comprises a first portion 121 intended to be placed in the internal passage 112 so as to that the end 120a of the optical fiber 120 is positioned closer and facing a pyrotechnic charge 105 (Figure 4).
- the optical fiber 120 comprises a second portion 122 which extends beyond the inlet 113 of the body 110.
- the second portion 122 is supported in a tip 130 comprising a sheath 131 to protect the optical fiber 120.
- the tip 130 here presents a tapping 132 intended to cooperate with a thread 114 present on the body 110 so as to facilitate the connection of the tip 130 with the body 110.
- the end of the optical fiber 120 (not shown in the figures) opposite to the end 120a is intended to be connected to an optical energy source such as a laser diode.
- the first portion 121 of the optical fiber 120 is stripped before being placed in the internal passage 112. This step may comprise the elimination of the protective sheath possibly present around the fiber and the elimination of the organic coating present on the external surface. fiber to promote adhesion with the glass of the preform during its fusion.
- a glass preform 140 is interposed between the optical fiber and the inlet 113 of the body 110.
- the preform 140 has an annular shape. , the optical fiber 120 being housed in the central opening 141 of the preform 140.
- the preform 140 has a diameter smaller than that of the cavity 1130 of the inlet 113 so as to be disposed in this as illustrated in Figure 2.
- the preform 140 may in particular be formed by pressing in the form of a glass powder and sintering the powder in a determined form such as, for example, an annular shape. Sintering has the advantage of not leaving residues so that, during the reflow, there is no degassing, to achieve a perfectly sealed connection.
- the first portion 121 of the optical fiber 120 is then positioned in the internal passage 112 while the glass preform 140 is present in the cavity 1130 of the inlet 113 of the body 110.
- the heat treatment of the preform 140 is then carried out at a temperature above the melting point thereof so as to form a hermetic sealing member 150 between the optical fiber 120 and the inlet 113 of the body 110 (FIG. 4).
- the glass preform 140 is made from a glass composition having a melting point lower than that of the optical fiber so as not to expose the optical fiber to temperatures that are too great and liable to damage it.
- a doped glass composition with one or more elements is used for lowering the melting point of the composition to a temperature below the melting temperature of the optical fiber.
- the glass composition used to form the preform may in particular be a lead, phosphate or bismuth doped glass composition.
- the glass preform 140 thus preferably has a melting point or temperature between 320 ° C and 350 ° C, temperatures significantly lower than the melting temperature of most optical fibers.
- the heating of the preform until it is melted is preferably carried out locally at the level of the body 110, that is to say at the level of the zone comprising the preform, with a rapid rise in temperature up to a peak temperature. determined according to the melting point of the preform 140.
- the peak temperature is preferably between 320 ° C and 420 ° C, it is preferably maintained for a period of between 1 and 15 seconds.
- the melting of the preform may in particular be carried out with one of the following heating means: electric heating, infrared radiation, induction heating, hot air, laser and conduction heating.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the melting of the preform 140.
- the molten glass preform is spreading in the cavity 1130 but also in the neck 1131, which makes it possible to increase the surface area. adhesion with the optical fiber while allowing the expansion of the glass with a minimum of constraints.
- a pyrotechnic charge 105 is then placed, for example by compacting, in the cavity 111 which is then optionally closed with a cover 115.
- An opto-pyrotechnic initiator 100 comprising a body 110 having a cavity 111 in which a pyrotechnic charge 105 is housed, is thus obtained, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the body 110 further comprising an internal passage 112 extending between an inlet 113 opening on an external face of said body and the cavity 111.
- the initiator 100 also comprises an optical fiber 120 with a first portion 121 present in the internal passage 112 of the body 110 and a second portion 122 present on the outside of the body 110, the end 120a of the optical fiber being closely facing, or even in contact with, the pyrotechnic charge 105.
- the opto-pyrotechnic initiator 100 further comprises a hermetic sealing element 150 between the inlet 113 of the body 110 and the optical fiber 120, the sealing member 150 adhering to both the wall of the inlet 113 and the outer surface ern of optical fiber 120.
- the optical fiber 120 is intended to carry a light signal capable of initiating the pyrotechnic charge 105.
- the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention can be used to form a pyrotechnic chain, the body of the initiator thus forming the first stage of the chain, the other stages of the pyrotechnic chain comprising pyrotechnic charges less and less sensitive and more and more energetic than the load of the initiator.
- the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is intended to be used in severe environments in terms, in particular, of pressure and temperature. Indeed, the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention must be able to withstand thermal flashes of a few milliseconds at temperatures above 2700 ° C. and temperatures of the order of 200 ° C. over a period of several minutes . It must also be able to withstand dynamic pressures of several hundred megapascals (MPa).
- MPa megapascals
- the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is able to withstand such conditions of use in particular by virtue of the connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator which is produced by a hermetic sealing element made of glass. Indeed, the sealing element being made of glass, it adheres perfectly with both the body of the initiator, whether it is of metallic or ceramic material, and with the optical fiber itself glass.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1651339A FR3048076B1 (fr) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique |
| PCT/FR2017/050332 WO2017140978A1 (fr) | 2016-02-18 | 2017-02-14 | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3417233A1 true EP3417233A1 (fr) | 2018-12-26 |
| EP3417233B1 EP3417233B1 (fr) | 2020-04-01 |
Family
ID=56741099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17709154.3A Active EP3417233B1 (fr) | 2016-02-18 | 2017-02-14 | Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10663267B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3417233B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3048076B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017140978A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3163175A1 (fr) * | 2024-06-07 | 2025-12-12 | Arianegroup Sas | Lien optique pour applications aerospatiales et procede d’assemblage correspondant |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2693559B1 (fr) * | 1992-07-13 | 1994-08-26 | Sept Doloy Sa | Réalisation de passage hermétique d'une fibre optique dans un tube métallique. |
| US5337387A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1994-08-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for the continuous processing of hermetic fiber optic components and the resultant fiber optic-to-metal components |
| US5658364A (en) * | 1994-09-06 | 1997-08-19 | Eg&G Mound Applied Technologies | Method of making fiber optic-to-metal connection seals |
| US5664040A (en) * | 1995-08-29 | 1997-09-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Fiber optic assembly and method of making same |
| FR2914056B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-21 | 2010-03-12 | Nexter Munitions | Initiateur opto pyrotechnique |
| CN102436045A (zh) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-05-02 | 武汉电信器件有限公司 | 一种光电子器件的光导纤维的安装固定结构 |
| FR3006433B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-31 | 2018-04-20 | Nexter Munitions | Initiateur opto pyrotechnique et dispositif d'initiation mettant en oeuvre un tel initiateur |
-
2016
- 2016-02-18 FR FR1651339A patent/FR3048076B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-02-14 WO PCT/FR2017/050332 patent/WO2017140978A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-02-14 EP EP17709154.3A patent/EP3417233B1/fr active Active
- 2017-02-14 US US15/998,928 patent/US10663267B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190339048A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
| US10663267B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
| FR3048076B1 (fr) | 2018-03-16 |
| WO2017140978A1 (fr) | 2017-08-24 |
| FR3048076A1 (fr) | 2017-08-25 |
| EP3417233B1 (fr) | 2020-04-01 |
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