EP3417233A1 - Opto-pyrotechnic initiator - Google Patents

Opto-pyrotechnic initiator

Info

Publication number
EP3417233A1
EP3417233A1 EP17709154.3A EP17709154A EP3417233A1 EP 3417233 A1 EP3417233 A1 EP 3417233A1 EP 17709154 A EP17709154 A EP 17709154A EP 3417233 A1 EP3417233 A1 EP 3417233A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
pyrotechnic
initiator
glass
glass preform
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17709154.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3417233B1 (en
Inventor
Paul LEROUX
Guillaume DEMEZON
Antoine Hervio
Jean-Michel Larrieu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArianeGroup SAS
Original Assignee
ArianeGroup SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ArianeGroup SAS filed Critical ArianeGroup SAS
Publication of EP3417233A1 publication Critical patent/EP3417233A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3417233B1 publication Critical patent/EP3417233B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/195—Manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of pyrotechnic initiators whose ignition or priming is achieved by means of a light energy signal. This type of initiator is called opto-pyrotechnic initiator.
  • the invention particularly but not exclusively relates to applications in space launchers where opto-pyrotechnic initiators are used to perform many pyrotechnic functions.
  • an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprises a pyrotechnic charge disposed in a cavity, an optical fiber connected at one end to a source of light radiation, for example a laser diode, the other end of the optical fiber being placed at proximity of the pyrotechnic charge to transmit the light radiation and light the latter.
  • connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator is generally carried out by bonding the fiber in a ferrule with a seal or directly on the body.
  • This type of bond has several disadvantages, particularly when the initiator is intended to be exposed to high temperatures and pressures. Indeed, a fiber optic link / initiator body made by means of an adhesive has a limited life due to degassing of the organic products present in the bond which degrade in time. In addition, the mechanical and / or thermal strength of this type of connection is no longer provided in temperature conditions of several hundred degrees and pressures of several hundred megapascals. Moreover, this type of connection is complex and expensive to implement due in particular to the need to use several elements (ferrule, seal) to achieve the connection.
  • the present invention proposes a method of manufacturing an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprising the following steps:
  • a body having a cavity in which a pyrotechnic charge is to be accommodated the body further comprising an internal passage extending between an inlet opening on an outer face of said body and the cavity containing the pyrotechnic charge ,
  • the method of manufacturing an opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to form a connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator by glass sealing.
  • the optical fiber is sealed to the body of the initiator by a hermetic glass sealing element which ensures perfect adhesion with both the body of the initiator and the optical fiber and, therefore, a perfect seal .
  • a sealing element is able to withstand temperatures of more than 2700 ° C for very short periods (a few milliseconds), at temperatures of the order of 200 ° C for longer periods (several minutes) and pressures of several hundred megapascals (MPa) corresponding to the conditions of use encountered in space launchers.
  • connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator produced in accordance with the process of the invention is devoid of organic products, which is not the case for the connections of the prior art which use elastomer gaskets and glue in large quantity for the structural holding.
  • the bond according to the invention is furthermore chemically compatible with the optical fiber. It also allows reduce the number of parts needed to achieve a tight connection while being economical to achieve and easy to industrialize.
  • the glass preform has a melting point of between 320 ° C. and 350 ° C., which preserves the integrity of the fiber.
  • the glass preform is heated until reaching a peak temperature between 320 ° C. and 420 ° C., the heating time, once the peak temperature reached, being between 1 and 15 seconds.
  • the method of the invention further comprises a step of removing the organic coating present around the optical fiber at the first portion of said fiber. This makes it possible to increase the adhesion power between the sealing element and the optical fiber while avoiding degassing on the surface of the fiber during heat treatment.
  • the body of the initiator may be made of refractory ceramic material or metallic material.
  • the glass preform is made by pressing a glass powder and sintering the powder in a specific form.
  • the sintering does not leave residues in the preform thus formed so that, during the reflow of the glass, there is no degassing.
  • the glass preform has an annular shape, which facilitates its interposition between the optical fiber and the entry of the body of the initiator.
  • the present invention also relates to an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprising a body having a cavity in which is housed a pyrotechnic charge, the body further comprising an internal passage extending between an inlet opening on an outer face of said body and the cavity containing the pyrotechnic charge, an optical fiber comprising a first portion present in the internal passage of the body and a second portion present outside the body, the optical fiber being intended to convey a light signal capable of initiating the pyrotechnic charge, the initiator further comprising a glass sealing member present between the body inlet and the fiber optical, the sealing member adhering to both the wall of the entrance of the body and the outer surface of the optical fiber.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic sectional views showing the manufacture of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a detail view of FIG. 2 showing the melting of a glass preform
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 1 to 4 show the manufacture of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the process begins with the formation of a body 110 having a cavity 111 in which is intended to be housed a charge or pyrotechnic composition.
  • the cavity 111 comprises an opening 111a located in the lower part of the body 110, the opening 111a corresponding to the part of the body 110 through which the gases generated by the pyrotechnic charge are removed.
  • the body 110 further comprises an internal passage 112 extending between an inlet 113 opening on the upper outer face 110a of the body 110 and the cavity 111.
  • the inlet 113 here comprises a cavity 1130 having a section (diameter) greater than that of the internal passage 112, the cavity 1130 being connected to the internal passage 112 by a neck 1131 having a decreasing section from the cavity 1130 to the internal passage 112.
  • the body 110 may be formed of a metallic material such as Inconel, stainless steel 316L or 17-4 PH or a refractory ceramic material such as for example alumina, aluminum nitride or boron nitride.
  • the manufacture of the opto-pyrotech initiator is continued by placing an optical fiber 120 in the body 110.
  • the optical fiber 120 comprises a first portion 121 intended to be placed in the internal passage 112 so as to that the end 120a of the optical fiber 120 is positioned closer and facing a pyrotechnic charge 105 (Figure 4).
  • the optical fiber 120 comprises a second portion 122 which extends beyond the inlet 113 of the body 110.
  • the second portion 122 is supported in a tip 130 comprising a sheath 131 to protect the optical fiber 120.
  • the tip 130 here presents a tapping 132 intended to cooperate with a thread 114 present on the body 110 so as to facilitate the connection of the tip 130 with the body 110.
  • the end of the optical fiber 120 (not shown in the figures) opposite to the end 120a is intended to be connected to an optical energy source such as a laser diode.
  • the first portion 121 of the optical fiber 120 is stripped before being placed in the internal passage 112. This step may comprise the elimination of the protective sheath possibly present around the fiber and the elimination of the organic coating present on the external surface. fiber to promote adhesion with the glass of the preform during its fusion.
  • a glass preform 140 is interposed between the optical fiber and the inlet 113 of the body 110.
  • the preform 140 has an annular shape. , the optical fiber 120 being housed in the central opening 141 of the preform 140.
  • the preform 140 has a diameter smaller than that of the cavity 1130 of the inlet 113 so as to be disposed in this as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the preform 140 may in particular be formed by pressing in the form of a glass powder and sintering the powder in a determined form such as, for example, an annular shape. Sintering has the advantage of not leaving residues so that, during the reflow, there is no degassing, to achieve a perfectly sealed connection.
  • the first portion 121 of the optical fiber 120 is then positioned in the internal passage 112 while the glass preform 140 is present in the cavity 1130 of the inlet 113 of the body 110.
  • the heat treatment of the preform 140 is then carried out at a temperature above the melting point thereof so as to form a hermetic sealing member 150 between the optical fiber 120 and the inlet 113 of the body 110 (FIG. 4).
  • the glass preform 140 is made from a glass composition having a melting point lower than that of the optical fiber so as not to expose the optical fiber to temperatures that are too great and liable to damage it.
  • a doped glass composition with one or more elements is used for lowering the melting point of the composition to a temperature below the melting temperature of the optical fiber.
  • the glass composition used to form the preform may in particular be a lead, phosphate or bismuth doped glass composition.
  • the glass preform 140 thus preferably has a melting point or temperature between 320 ° C and 350 ° C, temperatures significantly lower than the melting temperature of most optical fibers.
  • the heating of the preform until it is melted is preferably carried out locally at the level of the body 110, that is to say at the level of the zone comprising the preform, with a rapid rise in temperature up to a peak temperature. determined according to the melting point of the preform 140.
  • the peak temperature is preferably between 320 ° C and 420 ° C, it is preferably maintained for a period of between 1 and 15 seconds.
  • the melting of the preform may in particular be carried out with one of the following heating means: electric heating, infrared radiation, induction heating, hot air, laser and conduction heating.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the melting of the preform 140.
  • the molten glass preform is spreading in the cavity 1130 but also in the neck 1131, which makes it possible to increase the surface area. adhesion with the optical fiber while allowing the expansion of the glass with a minimum of constraints.
  • a pyrotechnic charge 105 is then placed, for example by compacting, in the cavity 111 which is then optionally closed with a cover 115.
  • An opto-pyrotechnic initiator 100 comprising a body 110 having a cavity 111 in which a pyrotechnic charge 105 is housed, is thus obtained, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the body 110 further comprising an internal passage 112 extending between an inlet 113 opening on an external face of said body and the cavity 111.
  • the initiator 100 also comprises an optical fiber 120 with a first portion 121 present in the internal passage 112 of the body 110 and a second portion 122 present on the outside of the body 110, the end 120a of the optical fiber being closely facing, or even in contact with, the pyrotechnic charge 105.
  • the opto-pyrotechnic initiator 100 further comprises a hermetic sealing element 150 between the inlet 113 of the body 110 and the optical fiber 120, the sealing member 150 adhering to both the wall of the inlet 113 and the outer surface ern of optical fiber 120.
  • the optical fiber 120 is intended to carry a light signal capable of initiating the pyrotechnic charge 105.
  • the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention can be used to form a pyrotechnic chain, the body of the initiator thus forming the first stage of the chain, the other stages of the pyrotechnic chain comprising pyrotechnic charges less and less sensitive and more and more energetic than the load of the initiator.
  • the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is intended to be used in severe environments in terms, in particular, of pressure and temperature. Indeed, the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention must be able to withstand thermal flashes of a few milliseconds at temperatures above 2700 ° C. and temperatures of the order of 200 ° C. over a period of several minutes . It must also be able to withstand dynamic pressures of several hundred megapascals (MPa).
  • MPa megapascals
  • the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is able to withstand such conditions of use in particular by virtue of the connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator which is produced by a hermetic sealing element made of glass. Indeed, the sealing element being made of glass, it adheres perfectly with both the body of the initiator, whether it is of metallic or ceramic material, and with the optical fiber itself glass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

A method for producing an opto-pyrotechnic initiator (100) comprises the following steps: a) moulding of a body (110) comprising a cavity (111) in which a pyrotechnic load (105) is intended to be housed, the body further comprising an inner passage (112) extending between an inlet (113), opening on an outer face of said body, and the cavity (111) enclosing the pyrotechnic load (105), b) placing a first portion (121) of an optical fibre (120) in the inner passage (112) of the body (110), a second portion (122) of the optical fibre (120) extending beyond the inlet (113) of the body (110), a glass preform (140) being interposed between the optical fibre (120) and the inlet (113) of the body (110), c) thermally treating the glass preform (140) at a temperature greater than the melting point of said glass preform, in such a way as to mould a hermetic glass seal (150) between the optical fibre (120) and the inlet (113) of the body (110).

Description

Initiateur Opto-pyrotechnique  Opto-pyrotechnic initiator
Arrière-plan de l'invention Background of the invention
L'invention concerne le domaine des initiateurs pyrotechnique dont l'allumage ou l'amorçage est réalisé au moyen d'un signal d'énergie lumineuse. Ce type d'initiateur est appelé initiateur opto-pyrotechnique. L'invention concerne particulièrement mais non exclusivement des applications dans les lanceurs spatiaux où des initiateurs opto- pyrotech niques sont utilisés pour réaliser de nombreuses fonctions pyrotechniques.  The invention relates to the field of pyrotechnic initiators whose ignition or priming is achieved by means of a light energy signal. This type of initiator is called opto-pyrotechnic initiator. The invention particularly but not exclusively relates to applications in space launchers where opto-pyrotechnic initiators are used to perform many pyrotechnic functions.
De manière connue, un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique comprend une charge pyrotechnique disposée dans une cavité, une fibre optique raccordée par une première extrémité à une source de rayonnement lumineux, par exemple une diode laser, l'autre extrémité de la fibre optique étant placée à proximité de la charge pyrotechnique afin de lui transmettre le rayonnement lumineux et allumer cette dernière.  In known manner, an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprises a pyrotechnic charge disposed in a cavity, an optical fiber connected at one end to a source of light radiation, for example a laser diode, the other end of the optical fiber being placed at proximity of the pyrotechnic charge to transmit the light radiation and light the latter.
La liaison entre la fibre optique et le corps de l'initiateur est en général réalisée par collage de la fibre dans une férule avec un joint ou directement sur le corps. Ce type de liaison présente plusieurs inconvénients, en particulier lorsque l'initiateur est destiné à être exposé à des températures et des pressions importantes. En effet, une liaison fibre optique/corps initiateur réalisée au moyen d'un adhésif possède une durée de vie limitée en raison des dégazages des produits organiques présents dans la liaison qui se dégradent dans le temps. En outre, la tenue mécanique et/ou thermique de ce type de liaison n'est plus assurée dans des conditions de températures de plusieurs centaines de degrés et de pressions de plusieurs centaines de mégapascals,. Par ailleurs, ce type de liaison est complexe et onéreux à mettre en œuvre en raison notamment de la nécessité d'utiliser plusieurs éléments (férule, joint) pour réaliser la liaison.  The connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator is generally carried out by bonding the fiber in a ferrule with a seal or directly on the body. This type of bond has several disadvantages, particularly when the initiator is intended to be exposed to high temperatures and pressures. Indeed, a fiber optic link / initiator body made by means of an adhesive has a limited life due to degassing of the organic products present in the bond which degrade in time. In addition, the mechanical and / or thermal strength of this type of connection is no longer provided in temperature conditions of several hundred degrees and pressures of several hundred megapascals. Moreover, this type of connection is complex and expensive to implement due in particular to the need to use several elements (ferrule, seal) to achieve the connection.
Or, il existe un besoin pour un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique apte à supporter et fonctionner dans des conditions sévères de températures et de pressions, et ce avec des durées de vie longues tout en étant fabricable de manière industrielle. Objet et résumé de l'invention However, there is a need for an opto-pyrotechnic initiator able to withstand and operate under severe conditions of temperature and pressure, and with long service lives while being industrially manufacturable. Object and summary of the invention
A cet effet, la présente invention propose un procédé de fabrication d'un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique comprenant les étapes suivantes :  For this purpose, the present invention proposes a method of manufacturing an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprising the following steps:
a) la formation d'un corps comportant une cavité dans laquelle une charge pyrotechnique est destinée à être logée, le corps comportant en outre un passage interne s'étendant entre une entrée débouchant sur une face externe dudit corps et la cavité renfermant la charge pyrotechnique,  a) forming a body having a cavity in which a pyrotechnic charge is to be accommodated, the body further comprising an internal passage extending between an inlet opening on an outer face of said body and the cavity containing the pyrotechnic charge ,
b) le placement d'une première portion d'une fibre optique dans le passage interne du corps, une deuxième portion de la fibre optique s'étendant au-delà de l'entrée du corps, une préforme de verre étant interposée entre la fibre optique et l'entrée du corps,  b) placing a first portion of an optical fiber in the internal passage of the body, a second portion of the optical fiber extending beyond the entrance of the body, a glass preform being interposed between the fiber optical and body entrance,
c) le traitement thermique de la préforme à une température supérieure au point de fusion de ladite préforme de verre de manière à former un élément de scellement hermétique en verre entre la fibre optique et l'entrée du corps.  c) heat treating the preform at a temperature above the melting point of said glass preform so as to form a sealed glass sealing member between the optical fiber and the body inlet.
Le procédé de fabrication d'un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique de l'invention est notamment avantageux en ce qu'il permet de former une liaison entre la fibre optique et le corps de l'initiateur par scellement au verre. En effet, la fibre optique est scellée sur le corps de l'initiateur par un élément de scellement hermétique en verre qui assure une parfaite adhérence à la fois avec le corps de l'initiateur et la fibre optique et, par conséquent, une parfaite étanchéité. Un tel élément de scellement est apte à résister à des températures de plus de 2700°C sur des durées très courtes (quelques millisecondes), à des températures de l'ordre de 200°C sur des durées plus longues (plusieurs minutes) et à des pressions de plusieurs centaines de mégapascals (MPa) correspondant aux conditions d'utilisation rencontrées dans les lanceurs spatiaux.  The method of manufacturing an opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to form a connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator by glass sealing. Indeed, the optical fiber is sealed to the body of the initiator by a hermetic glass sealing element which ensures perfect adhesion with both the body of the initiator and the optical fiber and, therefore, a perfect seal . Such a sealing element is able to withstand temperatures of more than 2700 ° C for very short periods (a few milliseconds), at temperatures of the order of 200 ° C for longer periods (several minutes) and pressures of several hundred megapascals (MPa) corresponding to the conditions of use encountered in space launchers.
La liaison entre la fibre optique et le corps de l'initiateur réalisée conformément au procédé de l'invention est dépourvue de produits organiques, ce qui n'est pas le cas des liaisons de l'art antérieur qui utilisent des joints en élastomère et de la colle en quantité importante pour la tenue structurale. La liaison selon l'invention est en outre compatible chimiquement avec la fibre optique. Elle permet également de réduire le nombre de pièces nécessaires à la réalisation d'une liaison étanche tout en étant économique à réaliser et facile à industrialiser. The connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator produced in accordance with the process of the invention is devoid of organic products, which is not the case for the connections of the prior art which use elastomer gaskets and glue in large quantity for the structural holding. The bond according to the invention is furthermore chemically compatible with the optical fiber. It also allows reduce the number of parts needed to achieve a tight connection while being economical to achieve and easy to industrialize.
Avantageusement, la préforme de verre présente un point de fusion compris entre 320°C et 350°C, ce qui permet de préserver l'intégrité de la fibre.  Advantageously, the glass preform has a melting point of between 320 ° C. and 350 ° C., which preserves the integrity of the fiber.
Selon une caractéristique particulière du procédé de l'invention, durant l'étape c), la préforme de verre est chauffée jusqu'à atteindre une température de pic comprise entre 320°C et 420°C, le temps de chauffe, une fois la température de pic atteinte, étant compris entre 1 et 15 secondes.  According to a particular characteristic of the process of the invention, during step c), the glass preform is heated until reaching a peak temperature between 320 ° C. and 420 ° C., the heating time, once the peak temperature reached, being between 1 and 15 seconds.
Avantageusement, le procédé de l'invention comprend en outre une étape d'élimination du revêtement organique présent autour de la fibre optique au niveau de la première portion de ladite fibre. Cela permet d'augmenter le pouvoir d'adhérence entre l'élément de scellement et la fibre optique tout évitant un dégazage à la surface de la fibre lors du traitement thermique.  Advantageously, the method of the invention further comprises a step of removing the organic coating present around the optical fiber at the first portion of said fiber. This makes it possible to increase the adhesion power between the sealing element and the optical fiber while avoiding degassing on the surface of the fiber during heat treatment.
Le corps de l'initiateur peut être réalisé en matériau céramique réfractaire ou en matériau métallique.  The body of the initiator may be made of refractory ceramic material or metallic material.
Avantageusement, la préforme de verre est réalisée par pressage d'une poudre de verre et frittage de la poudre dans une forme déterminée. Le frittage ne laisse pas de résidus dans la préforme ainsi formée de sorte que, lors de la refusion du verre, il n'y a pas de dégazage.  Advantageously, the glass preform is made by pressing a glass powder and sintering the powder in a specific form. The sintering does not leave residues in the preform thus formed so that, during the reflow of the glass, there is no degassing.
Encore avantageusement, la préforme de verre présente une forme annulaire, ce qui facilite son interposition entre la fibre optique et l'entrée du corps de l'initiateur.  Still advantageously, the glass preform has an annular shape, which facilitates its interposition between the optical fiber and the entry of the body of the initiator.
La présente invention a également pour objet un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique comprenant un corps comportant une cavité dans laquelle est logée une charge pyrotechnique, le corps comportant en outre un passage interne s'étendant entre une entrée débouchant sur une face externe dudit corps et la cavité renfermant la charge pyrotechnique, une fibre optique comprenant une première portion présente dans le passage interne du corps et une deuxième portion présente à l'extérieur du corps, la fibre optique étant destinée à acheminer un signal lumineux apte à initier la charge pyrotechnique, l'initiateur comprenant en outre un élément de scellement en verre présent entre l'entrée du corps et la fibre optique, l'élément de scellement adhérant à la fois à la paroi de l'entrée du corps et à la surface externe de la fibre optique. The present invention also relates to an opto-pyrotechnic initiator comprising a body having a cavity in which is housed a pyrotechnic charge, the body further comprising an internal passage extending between an inlet opening on an outer face of said body and the cavity containing the pyrotechnic charge, an optical fiber comprising a first portion present in the internal passage of the body and a second portion present outside the body, the optical fiber being intended to convey a light signal capable of initiating the pyrotechnic charge, the initiator further comprising a glass sealing member present between the body inlet and the fiber optical, the sealing member adhering to both the wall of the entrance of the body and the outer surface of the optical fiber.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :  The invention will be better understood on reading the description given below, by way of indication but without limitation, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues schématiques en coupe montrant la fabrication d'un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique conformément à un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  - Figures 1 and 2 are schematic sectional views showing the manufacture of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to one embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 3 est une vue de détail de la figure 2 montrant la fusion d'une préforme de verre ;  FIG. 3 is a detail view of FIG. 2 showing the melting of a glass preform;
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique conformément à un mode de réalisation de l'invention.  FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation Detailed description of embodiments
Les figures 1 à 4 montrent la fabrication d'un initiateur opto- pyrotechnique conformément à un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Comme illustré sur la figure 1, le procédé débute par la formation d'un corps 110 comportant une cavité 111 dans laquelle est destinée à être logée une charge ou composition pyrotechnique. La cavité 111 comprend une ouverture 111a située dans la partie inférieure du corps 110, l'ouverture 111a correspondant à la partie du corps 110 par laquelle les gaz générés par la charge pyrotechnique sont évacués. Le corps 110 comporte en outre un passage interne 112 s'étendant entre une entrée 113 débouchant sur la face externe supérieure 110a du corps 110 et la cavité 111. L'entrée 113 comporte ici une cavité 1130 présentant une section (diamètre) supérieure à celle du passage interne 112, la cavité 1130 étant reliée au passage interne 112 par un goulot 1131 présentant une section décroissante depuis la cavité 1130 jusqu'au passage interne 112. Le corps 110 peut être formé en un matériau métallique tel que de l'Inconel, de l'acier inoxydable 316L ou 17-4 PH ou un matériau céramique réfractaire tel que par exemple de l'alumine, du nitrure d'aluminium ou du nitrure de bore. La fabrication de l'initiateur opto-pyrotech nique se poursuit par le placement d'une fibre optique 120 dans le corps 110. Plus précisément, la fibre optique 120 comprend une première portion 121 destinée à être placée dans le passage interne 112 de manière à ce que l'extrémité 120a de la fibre optique 120 soit positionnée au plus près et en regard d'une charge pyrotechnique 105 (figure 4). La fibre optique 120 comprend une deuxième portion 122 qui s'étend au-delà de l'entrée 113 du corps 110. La deuxième portion 122 est supporté dans un embout 130 comprenant une gaine 131 pour protéger la fibre optique 120. L'embout 130 présente ici un taraudage 132 destiné à coopérer avec un filetage 114 présent sur le corps 110 de manière à faciliter le raccordement de l'embout 130 avec le corps 110. L'extrémité de la fibre optique 120 (non représentée sur les figure) opposée à l'extrémité 120a est destinée à être relié à une source d'énergie optique comme par exemple une diode laser. Figures 1 to 4 show the manufacture of an opto-pyrotechnic initiator according to one embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in Figure 1, the process begins with the formation of a body 110 having a cavity 111 in which is intended to be housed a charge or pyrotechnic composition. The cavity 111 comprises an opening 111a located in the lower part of the body 110, the opening 111a corresponding to the part of the body 110 through which the gases generated by the pyrotechnic charge are removed. The body 110 further comprises an internal passage 112 extending between an inlet 113 opening on the upper outer face 110a of the body 110 and the cavity 111. The inlet 113 here comprises a cavity 1130 having a section (diameter) greater than that of the internal passage 112, the cavity 1130 being connected to the internal passage 112 by a neck 1131 having a decreasing section from the cavity 1130 to the internal passage 112. The body 110 may be formed of a metallic material such as Inconel, stainless steel 316L or 17-4 PH or a refractory ceramic material such as for example alumina, aluminum nitride or boron nitride. The manufacture of the opto-pyrotech initiator is continued by placing an optical fiber 120 in the body 110. More specifically, the optical fiber 120 comprises a first portion 121 intended to be placed in the internal passage 112 so as to that the end 120a of the optical fiber 120 is positioned closer and facing a pyrotechnic charge 105 (Figure 4). The optical fiber 120 comprises a second portion 122 which extends beyond the inlet 113 of the body 110. The second portion 122 is supported in a tip 130 comprising a sheath 131 to protect the optical fiber 120. The tip 130 here presents a tapping 132 intended to cooperate with a thread 114 present on the body 110 so as to facilitate the connection of the tip 130 with the body 110. The end of the optical fiber 120 (not shown in the figures) opposite to the end 120a is intended to be connected to an optical energy source such as a laser diode.
La première portion 121 de la fibre optique 120 est dénudée avant son placement dans le passage interne 112. Cette étape peut comporter l'élimination de la gaine de protection présente éventuellement autour de la fibre et l'élimination du revêtement organique présent sur la surface externe de la fibre afin de favoriser l'adhésion avec le verre de la préforme lors de sa fusion.  The first portion 121 of the optical fiber 120 is stripped before being placed in the internal passage 112. This step may comprise the elimination of the protective sheath possibly present around the fiber and the elimination of the organic coating present on the external surface. fiber to promote adhesion with the glass of the preform during its fusion.
Lors du placement de la première portion 121 de la fibre optique 120 dans le passage interne 112, une préforme de verre 140 est interposée entre la fibre optique et l'entrée 113 du corps 110. A cet effet, la préforme 140 présente une forme annulaire, la fibre optique 120 étant logée dans l'ouverture centrale 141 de la préforme 140. Dans l'exemple décrit ici, la préforme 140 présente un diamètre inférieure à celui de la cavité 1130 de l'entrée 113 de manière à pouvoir être disposée dans celle- ci comme illustré sur la figure 2.  When placing the first portion 121 of the optical fiber 120 in the internal passage 112, a glass preform 140 is interposed between the optical fiber and the inlet 113 of the body 110. For this purpose, the preform 140 has an annular shape. , the optical fiber 120 being housed in the central opening 141 of the preform 140. In the example described here, the preform 140 has a diameter smaller than that of the cavity 1130 of the inlet 113 so as to be disposed in this as illustrated in Figure 2.
La préforme 140 peut être notamment formée par pressage en forme d'une poudre de verre et frittage de la poudre dans une forme déterminée comme par exemple une forme annulaire. Le frittage présente l'avantage de ne pas laisser de résidus de sorte que, lors de la refusion, il n'y a pas de dégazage, permettant de réaliser une liaison parfaitement étanche.  The preform 140 may in particular be formed by pressing in the form of a glass powder and sintering the powder in a determined form such as, for example, an annular shape. Sintering has the advantage of not leaving residues so that, during the reflow, there is no degassing, to achieve a perfectly sealed connection.
Une fois l'embout 130 raccordé sur le corps 100 comme illustré sur la figure 2, la première portion 121 de la fibre optique 120 est alors positionnée dans le passage interne 112 tandis que la préforme de verre 140 est présente dans la cavité 1130 de l'entrée 113 du corps 110. Once the tip 130 connected to the body 100 as illustrated in Figure 2, the first portion 121 of the optical fiber 120 is then positioned in the internal passage 112 while the glass preform 140 is present in the cavity 1130 of the inlet 113 of the body 110.
On procède alors au traitement thermique de la préforme 140 à une température supérieure au point de fusion de celle-ci de manière à former un élément de scellement hermétique 150 entre la fibre optique 120 et l'entrée 113 du corps 110 (figure 4). La préforme de verre 140 est réalisée à partir d'une composition verrière présentant un point de fusion inférieur à celui de la fibre optique afin de ne pas exposer la fibre optique à des températures trop importantes susceptibles de l'endommager. On utilise à cet effet une composition de verre dopée avec un ou plusieurs éléments permettant d'abaisser le point de fusion de la composition à une température inférieure à la température de fusion de la fibre optique. La composition de verre utilisée pour former la préforme peut être notamment une composition de verre dopée au plomb, phosphate ou bismuth. La préforme de verre 140 présente ainsi de préférence une point ou une température de fusion compris entre 320°C et 350 °C, températures significativement inférieures à la température de fusion de la plupart des fibres optiques. Le chauffage de la préforme jusqu'à sa fusion est réalisée de préférence localement au niveau du corps 110, c'est-à-dire au niveau de la zone comprenant la préforme, avec une montée en température rapide jusqu'à une température de pic déterminée en fonction du point de fusion de la préforme 140. La température de pic est de préférence comprise entre 320°C et 420°C, celle-ci étant maintenue de préférence sur une durée comprise entre 1 et 15 secondes. La fusion de la préforme peut être notamment réalisée avec un des moyens de chauffage suivants : chauffage électrique, rayonnement infrarouge, chauffage par induction, air chaud, laser et chauffage par conduction.  The heat treatment of the preform 140 is then carried out at a temperature above the melting point thereof so as to form a hermetic sealing member 150 between the optical fiber 120 and the inlet 113 of the body 110 (FIG. 4). The glass preform 140 is made from a glass composition having a melting point lower than that of the optical fiber so as not to expose the optical fiber to temperatures that are too great and liable to damage it. For this purpose, a doped glass composition with one or more elements is used for lowering the melting point of the composition to a temperature below the melting temperature of the optical fiber. The glass composition used to form the preform may in particular be a lead, phosphate or bismuth doped glass composition. The glass preform 140 thus preferably has a melting point or temperature between 320 ° C and 350 ° C, temperatures significantly lower than the melting temperature of most optical fibers. The heating of the preform until it is melted is preferably carried out locally at the level of the body 110, that is to say at the level of the zone comprising the preform, with a rapid rise in temperature up to a peak temperature. determined according to the melting point of the preform 140. The peak temperature is preferably between 320 ° C and 420 ° C, it is preferably maintained for a period of between 1 and 15 seconds. The melting of the preform may in particular be carried out with one of the following heating means: electric heating, infrared radiation, induction heating, hot air, laser and conduction heating.
La figure 3 illustre la fusion de la préforme 140. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 3, la préforme de verre en fusion se répand dans la cavité 1130 mais aussi dans le goulot 1131, ce qui permet d'augmenter la surface d'adhésion avec la fibre optique tout en permettant l'expansion du verre avec un minimum de contraintes. Une fois la fusion de la préforme réalisée, on stoppe le chauffage pour laisser refroidir et durcir le verre.  FIG. 3 illustrates the melting of the preform 140. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the molten glass preform is spreading in the cavity 1130 but also in the neck 1131, which makes it possible to increase the surface area. adhesion with the optical fiber while allowing the expansion of the glass with a minimum of constraints. Once the melting of the preform is completed, the heating is stopped to allow the glass to cool and harden.
Une charge pyrotechnique 105 est alors placée, par exemple par compactage, dans la cavité 111 qui est ensuite éventuellement fermée avec un opercule 115. On obtient alors comme illustré sur la figure 4 un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique 100 comprenant un corps 110 comportant une cavité 111 dans laquelle est logée une charge pyrotechnique 105, le corps 110 comportant en outre un passage interne 112 s'étendant entre une entrée 113 débouchant sur une face externe dudit corps et la cavité 111. L'initiateur 100 comprend encore une fibre optique 120 avec une première portion 121 présente dans le passage interne 112 du corps 110 et une deuxième portion 122 présente à l'extérieur du corps 110, l'extrémité 120a de la fibre optique étant en regard au plus près, voire en contact, avec la charge pyrotechnique 105. Conformément à l'invention, l'initiateur opto-pyrotechnique 100 comprend en outre un élément de scellement hermétique en verre 150 présent entre l'entrée 113 du corps 110 et la fibre optique 120, l'élément de scellement 150 adhérant à la fois à la paroi de l'entrée 113 et à la surface externe de la fibre optique 120. A pyrotechnic charge 105 is then placed, for example by compacting, in the cavity 111 which is then optionally closed with a cover 115. An opto-pyrotechnic initiator 100 comprising a body 110 having a cavity 111 in which a pyrotechnic charge 105 is housed, is thus obtained, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the body 110 further comprising an internal passage 112 extending between an inlet 113 opening on an external face of said body and the cavity 111. The initiator 100 also comprises an optical fiber 120 with a first portion 121 present in the internal passage 112 of the body 110 and a second portion 122 present on the outside of the body 110, the end 120a of the optical fiber being closely facing, or even in contact with, the pyrotechnic charge 105. In accordance with the invention, the opto-pyrotechnic initiator 100 further comprises a hermetic sealing element 150 between the inlet 113 of the body 110 and the optical fiber 120, the sealing member 150 adhering to both the wall of the inlet 113 and the outer surface ern of optical fiber 120.
La fibre optique 120 est destinée à acheminer un signal lumineux apte à initier la charge pyrotechnique 105. De façon connue, l'initiateur opto-pyrotechnique de l'invention peut servir à former une chaîne pyrotechnique, le corps de l'initiateur formant alors le premier étage de la chaîne, les autres étages de la chaîne pyrotechnique comprenant des charges pyrotechniques de moins en moins sensibles et de plus en plus énergétiques que la charge de l'initiateur.  The optical fiber 120 is intended to carry a light signal capable of initiating the pyrotechnic charge 105. In known manner, the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention can be used to form a pyrotechnic chain, the body of the initiator thus forming the first stage of the chain, the other stages of the pyrotechnic chain comprising pyrotechnic charges less and less sensitive and more and more energetic than the load of the initiator.
L'initiateur opto-pyrotechnique de l'invention est destiné à être utilisé dans des environnements sévères en termes notamment de pression et de température. En effet, l'initiateur opto-pyrotechnique de l'invention doit être apte à supporter des flashs thermiques de quelques millisecondes à des températures supérieures à 2700°C ainsi que des températures de l'ordre de 200°C sur une durée de plusieurs minutes. Il doit être également capable de résister à des pressions dynamiques de plusieurs centaines de mégapascals (MPa). L'initiateur opto-pyrotechnique de l'invention est apte à supporter de telles conditions d'utilisation notamment grâce à la liaison entre la fibre optique et le corps de l'initiateur qui est réalisée par un élément de scellement hermétique en verre. En effet, l'élément de scellement étant en verre, il adhère parfaitement à la fois avec le corps de l'initiateur, que celui-ci soit en matériau métallique ou céramique, et avec la fibre optique elle-même en verre.  The opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is intended to be used in severe environments in terms, in particular, of pressure and temperature. Indeed, the opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention must be able to withstand thermal flashes of a few milliseconds at temperatures above 2700 ° C. and temperatures of the order of 200 ° C. over a period of several minutes . It must also be able to withstand dynamic pressures of several hundred megapascals (MPa). The opto-pyrotechnic initiator of the invention is able to withstand such conditions of use in particular by virtue of the connection between the optical fiber and the body of the initiator which is produced by a hermetic sealing element made of glass. Indeed, the sealing element being made of glass, it adheres perfectly with both the body of the initiator, whether it is of metallic or ceramic material, and with the optical fiber itself glass.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d'un initiateur opto-pyrotechnique (100) comprenant les étapes suivantes : A method of manufacturing an opto-pyrotechnic initiator (100) comprising the steps of:
a) la formation d'un corps (110) comportant une cavité (111) dans laquelle une charge pyrotechnique (105) est destinée à être logée, le corps comportant en outre un passage interne (112) s'étendant entre une entrée (113) débouchant sur une face externe dudit corps et la cavité (111) renfermant la charge pyrotechnique (105),  a) forming a body (110) having a cavity (111) in which a pyrotechnic charge (105) is to be accommodated, the body further comprising an internal passage (112) extending between an inlet (113); ) opening on an outer face of said body and the cavity (111) enclosing the pyrotechnic charge (105),
b) le placement d'une première portion (121) d'une fibre optique (120) dans le passage interne (112) du corps (110), une deuxième portion (122) de la fibre optique (120) s'étendant au-delà de l'entrée (113) du corps (110), une préforme de verre (140) étant interposée entre la fibre optique (120) et l'entrée (113) du corps (110), c) le traitement thermique de la préforme de verre (140) à une température supérieure au point de fusion de ladite préforme de verre de manière à former un élément de scellement hermétique en verre (150) entre la fibre optique (120) et l'entrée (113) du corps (110).  b) placing a first portion (121) of an optical fiber (120) in the internal passage (112) of the body (110), a second portion (122) of the optical fiber (120) extending to the entrance (113) of the body (110), a glass preform (140) being interposed between the optical fiber (120) and the inlet (113) of the body (110), c) the heat treatment of the glass preform (140) at a temperature above the melting point of said glass preform so as to form a sealed glass sealing member (150) between the optical fiber (120) and the body inlet (113) (110).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la préforme de verre (140)présente une température de fusion inférieure à la température de fusion de la fibre optique (120). The method of claim 1, wherein the glass preform (140) has a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of the optical fiber (120).
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la préforme de verre (140) présente un point de fusion compris entre 320°C et 350°C. The method of claim 2, wherein the glass preform (140) has a melting point of between 320 ° C and 350 ° C.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans lequel, durant l'étape c), la préforme de verre (140) est chauffée jusqu'à atteindre une température de pic comprise entre 320°C et 420°C, le temps de chauffe, une fois la température de pic atteinte, étant compris entre 1 et 15 secondes. The process according to claim 2 or 3, wherein during step c), the glass preform (140) is heated to a peak temperature of between 320 ° C and 420 ° C. when the peak temperature is reached, it is between 1 and 15 seconds.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant en outre une étape d'élimination du revêtement organique présent autour de la fibre optique (120) au niveau de la première portion (121) de ladite fibre. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a step of removing the organic coating present around the optical fiber (120) at the first portion (121) of said fiber.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel e corps (110) est réalisé en matériau céramique réfractaire ou en matériau métallique. 6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein e body (110) is made of refractory ceramic material or metal material.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la préforme de verre (140) est réalisée par pressage d'une poudre de verre et frittage de la poudre dans une forme déterminée. 7. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glass preform (140) is made by pressing a glass powder and sintering the powder into a predetermined shape.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la préforme de verre (140) présente une forme annulaire. The method of claim 7, wherein the glass preform (140) has an annular shape.
9. Initiateur opto-pyrotechnique (100) comprenant un corps (110) comportant une cavité (111) dans laquelle est logée une charge pyrotechnique (105), le corps (110) comportant en outre un passage interne (112) s'étendant entre une entrée (113) débouchant sur une face externe dudit corps et la cavité (113) renfermant la charge pyrotechnique (105), une fibre optique (120) comprenant une première portion (121) présente dans le passage interne (112) du corps (110) et une deuxième portion (122) présente à l'extérieur du corps (110), la fibre optique (120) étant destinée à acheminer un signal lumineux apte à initier la charge pyrotechnique (105), l'initiateur comprenant en outre un élément de scellement en verre (150) présent entre l'entrée (113) du corps (110) et la fibre optique (120), l'élément de scellement (150) adhérant à la fois à la paroi de l'entrée (113) du corps (110) et à la surface externe de la fibre optique (120). An opto-pyrotechnic initiator (100) comprising a body (110) having a cavity (111) in which a pyrotechnic charge (105) is housed, the body (110) further comprising an internal passage (112) extending between an inlet (113) opening on an outer face of said body and the cavity (113) enclosing the pyrotechnic charge (105), an optical fiber (120) comprising a first portion (121) present in the internal passage (112) of the body ( 110) and a second portion (122) has outside the body (110), the optical fiber (120) being intended to convey a light signal capable of initiating the pyrotechnic charge (105), the initiator further comprising a glass sealing member (150) present between the entrance (113) of the body (110) and the optical fiber (120), the sealing member (150) adhering to both the wall of the entrance (113) ) of the body (110) and the outer surface of the optical fiber (120).
10. Initiateur selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le corps est en matériau céramique réfractaire ou en matériau métallique. 10. An initiator according to claim 9, wherein the body is of refractory ceramic material or metal material.
EP17709154.3A 2016-02-18 2017-02-14 Opto-pyrotechnic initiator Active EP3417233B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1651339A FR3048076B1 (en) 2016-02-18 2016-02-18 OPTO-PYROTECHNIC INITIATOR
PCT/FR2017/050332 WO2017140978A1 (en) 2016-02-18 2017-02-14 Opto-pyrotechnic initiator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2693559B1 (en) * 1992-07-13 1994-08-26 Sept Doloy Sa Hermetic passage of an optical fiber in a metal tube.
US5337387A (en) * 1993-05-27 1994-08-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method for the continuous processing of hermetic fiber optic components and the resultant fiber optic-to-metal components
US5658364A (en) * 1994-09-06 1997-08-19 Eg&G Mound Applied Technologies Method of making fiber optic-to-metal connection seals
US5664040A (en) * 1995-08-29 1997-09-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Fiber optic assembly and method of making same
FR2914056B1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2010-03-12 Nexter Munitions OPTO PYROTECHNIC INITIATOR
CN102436045A (en) * 2011-12-29 2012-05-02 武汉电信器件有限公司 Installation and fixation structure of light-guide fiber of photoelectronic device
FR3006433B1 (en) * 2013-05-31 2018-04-20 Nexter Munitions OPTO PYROTECHNIC INITIATOR AND INITIATION DEVICE IMPLEMENTING SUCH AN INITIATOR

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US10663267B2 (en) 2020-05-26
US20190339048A1 (en) 2019-11-07
EP3417233B1 (en) 2020-04-01
WO2017140978A1 (en) 2017-08-24
FR3048076B1 (en) 2018-03-16

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