EP3417227A1

EP3417227A1 - Heat exchanger, in particular water-air-heat exchanger or oil-water-heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: EP3417227A1
Application number: EP17707776.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Christian Hainzlmaier; Marvin LAPPE; Christoph CAP; Karl GÖTTL; Hans Rechberger; Tobias Hentrich; Jürgen Lipp
Original assignee: Webasto SE
Current assignee: Webasto SE
Priority date: 2016-02-18
Filing date: 2017-02-14
Publication date: 2018-12-26
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-14
Also published as: CN108700383A; JP7032683B2; EP3417227B1; KR20180112836A; JP2021101143A; US20210207816A1; JP2019507277A; DE102016102895A1; US11384943B2; WO2017140668A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular an water-air heat exchanger or oil-water heat exchanger, comprising at least one first fluid channel for guiding a first fluid, and at least one second fluid channel for guiding a second fluid, the at least one first fluid channel being joined to a fluid receiving volume, in particular on the outlet side, said fluid receiving volume being equipped with an electric heating coating (13).

Description

Heat exchanger, in particular water-air heat exchanger

or oil-water heat exchanger

description

The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a water-air heat exchanger or an oil-water heat exchanger according to claim 1 and a method for producing a heat exchanger, in particular a water-air heat exchanger or an oil-water heat exchanger according to claim 9.

For example, EP 2 466 241 AI describes an oil-water heat exchanger with a plurality of stacked and soldered together tub elements. Such oil-water heat exchangers are usually integrated into the cooling circuit of internal combustion engines and can be used for example for cooling the engine oil.

Another oil-water heat exchanger is shown in US 2015/0176913 AI.

In a particular embodiment, there is proposed an electrical heater in an interior of the heat exchanger to heat one of the interacting fluids of the heat exchanger.

Basically, it is felt in the known oil-water heat exchangers as disadvantageous in that either not at all or only

comparatively complex and ineffective preheating can take place.

In particular, the reduction of pollutants, which arise when the engine oil is not at operating temperature, considered to be in need of improvement.

Furthermore, in terms of the prior art in principle

WO 2013/186106 AI and WO 2013/030048 AI referenced. There, heaters are described which have an electrical heating layer which heats when an electrical voltage (or the flow of a current) is applied. Furthermore, reference is made to DE 10 2011 006 248 AI with regard to the prior art. There is a household refrigerator with a heater

described. The heater is produced as a layer heating by painting and applied to a surface of an evaporator of the household refrigerator. Specifically, the layer heating according to DE 10 2011 006 248 AI is applied directly on a surface of the evaporator surface and hardly thermally insulating to affect the functionality of the evaporator only as low as possible. However, it is regarded as disadvantageous that the production according to this prior art is comparatively complicated and appears tailored to a very specific application.

It is an object of the invention to provide a heat exchanger, which in a simple manner and effectively heating a de heat exchanger

permeable fluid allows.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

In particular, the object is achieved by a heat exchanger, in particular water-air heat exchanger or oil-water heat exchanger, comprising at least one first fluid channel for guiding a first fluid (eg oil of an oil-water heat exchanger or water of a water). Air-heat exchanger), and at least one second fluid channel for guiding a second fluid (eg., Water of the oil-water heat exchanger or air of the water-air heat exchanger), wherein the at least one first fluid channel to a

Fluid receiving volume (in particular outlet side) is connected, wherein the fluid receiving volume is equipped with an electric heating coating. The heat exchanger may generally be a liquid-liquid heat exchanger or liquid-gas heat exchanger or gas-gas heat exchanger.

A core idea of the invention resides therein, for example, in itself

WO 2013/186106 AI or WO 2013/030048 AI known electrical

Apply heating coatings to a fluid receiving volume, which is connected to at least one of the fluid channels. As a result (in particular if the electrical heating coating is arranged on the outlet side), a fluid to be heated with the heat exchanger can be additionally heated or the temperature of a heating fluid can be further increased (in particular) when the electrical heating coating is connected on the input side to a fluid channel of the heating fluid). Overall, a heating of a fluid, for example a heating of an oil of an oil-water heat exchanger for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, can take place effectively. The heat exchanger may have a plurality of first fluid channels and / or a plurality of second fluid channels. For example, the fluid receiving volume is a volume of the heat exchanger before (or after) the fluid is distributed to a plurality of individual fluid channels (eg, a fluid collection device or fluid distribution device). The first fluid may be oil or water. The second fluid may be water or air.

In general, first and / or second fluid can be liquid or gaseous.

In a specific embodiment, the fluid receiving volume is defined by a fluid receptacle, in particular oil receptacle. Such a fluid receptacle, in particular oil receptacle, is preferably connected on the outlet side to one or more fluid channels through which preferably flows oil. As a result, an additional heating (for example, after the engine starts a

Motor vehicle).

In a specific embodiment, the fluid receiving volume can be defined by a connection pipe, in particular outlet pipe, preferably an oil-water heat exchanger. As a result, heating of the fluid, in particular oil, is made possible in a simple way (by utilizing existing structures).

In one embodiment, a turbulator may be provided. This is preferably provided in the vicinity of an electrical heating coating (ie in particular not more than 5 cm, in particular 2 cm away). For example, the turbulator may be disposed within the outlet tube (provided with an electrical heating coating).

In principle, the electrical heating coating can be arranged on an outer wall of the fluid receiving volume (for example outlet tube) or on an inner wall of the fluid receiving volume (for example outlet tube). If a turbulator is provided, it may possibly also be provided with an electrical heating coating itself. Preferably, the fluid receiving volume is defined by a header or header, preferably a water-to-air heat exchanger. This can be a simple way of heating a fluid

(For example, the water) take place to heat over a heat exchange, the other fluid (for example, air).

In one embodiment, the fluid receiving volume is an integral part of the heat exchanger. This allows the heat exchanger to work very effectively.

In an alternative embodiment, the fluid receiving volume is provided by a separate module, with the separate module attached to the others

Components of the heat exchanger is fastened or attached. In this embodiment, therefore, a separate fluid receiving volume is proposed, so that existing heat exchangers (in particular oil-water heat exchangers) can be further improved by a simple upgrade. On the other hand, the modular design of the fluid receiving volume also has the advantage that manufacturing costs can possibly be reduced, for example, by using the same fluid intake module for different heat exchanger types and / or sizes.

Particularly preferably, the heating coating for operation in the low-voltage range, preferably designed for 12 volts, 24 volts or 48 volts. Corresponding electrical and / or electronic components of the oil-water heat exchanger are then preferably also designed for such a low-voltage range (12 volts, 24 volts or 48 volts). Especially when used in the

Low voltage range can be effective in a synergistic way

Preheating be realized with simple means. By "low-voltage range" should preferably be understood an operating voltage of less than 100 V, in particular less than 60 V (direct current).

In one embodiment, the heating coating is indirectly mediated, in particular via an insulating layer, applied to or in the fluid receiving volume. Such an insulating layer can be formed, for example, by a primer layer or attached via such on the oil-water heat exchanger. A polymer material or a ceramic material (eg Al ₂ O ₃ ) may preferably be used for the insulation layer. Preferably, however, the insulating layer is replaced by a passivation,

in particular an oxidation, in particular anodization (of aluminum or an aluminum alloy), preferably a surface, for example an outer and / or inner surface, of the fluid receiving volume. Overall (especially in low voltage applications) a simple and yet

provided adequate electrical insulation. Alternatively, the

Heating coating even be applied directly on or in the fluid receiving volume (for example, in low-voltage applications and / or if the substrate is not or only poorly electrically conductive). The heating coating and / or insulating layer is preferably (fully) on the surface

Fluid receiving volume applied. Furthermore, the heating coating and / or the insulation layer may have an (at least substantially) constant layer thickness. The heating coating and / or the insulating layer can / may be formed in a form unstable per se (or non-self-supporting). It is possible to dispense with a substrate so that the heating coating (and an optional insulation layer) is optionally formed free of a substrate. A possibly necessary supporting and / or supporting structure can be provided by the fluid receiving volume (or a wall thereof). In principle, the heating coating may be materially bonded to a surface, in particular outer and / or inner surface of the fluid receiving volume.

In an alternative embodiment, the heating coating is formed as a continuous (in particular unstructured and / or uninterrupted) layer. The heating coating can generally be at least one section

within which there are no interruptions in the heating coating in two mutually perpendicular directions over a distance of at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, more preferably at least 4 cm. For example, the heating coating at least one

rectangular section with a length and a width of at least 1 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, more preferably at least 4 cm include, within which no interruptions or possibly other

Structures in the heating coating are present. By "break" within the heating coating is meant a section through which no current can flow, for example because this section remains (wholly) free of material and / or (at least partially) filled by an insulator ) (regardless of whether it is unstructured or structured, in its final state) It has surprisingly been found that even such a simply formed heating coating can cause sufficient heating of the oil.

In a further alternative embodiment, the heating coating is formed as a structured layer. The heating coating is preferably structured by a masking process (preferably using silicone that can be embossed). Such known masking methods allow a satisfactory structuring and are less complicated than, for example, laser structuring methods which are currently used in the high-voltage range. Overall, therefore, the advantages of a masking process with regard to the present heating coating are exploited in a synergistic manner.

The insulating layer described above may have a thickness of at least 50 μιτι, preferably at least 200 μιτι and / or at most 1000 μιτι, preferably at most 500 μιτι amount.

The heating coating preferably has a height (thickness) of at least 5 μιτι, preferably at least 10 μιτι and / or at most a 1 mm, preferably at most 500 μιτι, even more preferably at most 30 μιτι, even more preferably at most 20 μιτι. A conductor track defined by the heating coating may be at least 1 mm, preferably at least 3 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, even more preferably at least 10 mm, even more preferably at least 30 mm wide. The term "width" is intended to mean the extent of the conductor perpendicular to its longitudinal extension (the

usually also defines the direction of the current flow) are understood.

In an alternative embodiment, over the heating coating is a

Protective cover, such as a silicone protective layer attached.

Alternatively, however, (in a particularly easy to produce

Embodiment) the heating coating define an outside or inside of the fluid receiving volume.

In a concrete embodiment, the oil-water heat exchanger has a plurality of modules, in particular tray elements, which may be further preferably designed as described in EP 2 466 241 A1. Basically, the oil-water heat exchanger (apart from the inventive Fluid receiving volume) as described in EP 2 466 241 AI or US 2015/0176913 AI, be formed. The disclosure of these references is hereby incorporated by reference. If several modules are provided, at least one heating coating can be arranged between two modules. If the oil-water heat exchanger comprises a plurality of well elements, optionally at least one heating coating between two of these

Tub elements (on one of the tub elements) arranged (applied). As a result, the preheating (heating) can be further improved by simple means. In general, an additional heating coating may be applied to wider areas of the heat exchanger.

The object is further achieved by a method for producing a heat exchanger, in particular a water-air heat exchanger or an oil-water heat exchanger, in particular of the type described above, comprising providing at least one first fluid channel for guiding a first fluid (eg an oil of the oil-water heat exchanger or water of the water-air heat exchanger) and at least one second fluid channel for guiding a second fluid (eg water of the oil-water heat exchanger or air of the water-air heat exchanger), wherein the at least one first fluid channel to a fluid receiving volume, in particular the outlet side, is connected, wherein the fluid receiving volume is provided with an electric heating coating (or a surface of the fluid receiving volume is directly or indirectly coated with the electric heating coating). Between the two steps mentioned, the application of an insulating layer to a surface of the fluid receiving volume can be carried out (or a surface of the fluid receiving volume can be coated directly or indirectly with the insulating layer), for example by passivation (oxidation, in particular anodization) of a substrate, for example one

Heat exchanger housing. If necessary, the electrical heating coating can be sprayed on (thermally). Insofar as above (in connection with the

Heat exchanger) characteristics are described, which at least also with the

Making the oil-water heat exchanger related, these process characteristics are also considered as preferred embodiments of the

Proposed method.

The above object is further achieved by the use of a

Heat exchanger of the type described above or made according to the above described type, as a water-air heat exchanger or as an oil-water heat exchanger, in particular for the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, solved.

Further embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

In general, the insulating layer may be a ceramic material or a

Be polymer material or consist of such a material, wherein as ceramic material, for example Al ₂ 0 ₃ in question.

The heating layer may, for example, in a plasma coating process, in particular plasma spraying, or in a screen printing process or as

Resistance paste, in particular on the insulating layer, are applied. In the plasma coating method, for example, first an electrically conductive layer, in particular on the insulating layer, are applied. Subsequently areas can be cut out of the electrically conductive layer so that one printed conductor or a plurality of printed conductors remain.

Preferably, however, a masking technique is used. The printed conductors can then form the heating resistor or several heating resistors. The regions mentioned can alternatively be cut out of the conductive layer by means of a masking technique, for example by means of a laser. The heating coating can be, for example, a metal layer and optionally contain nickel and / or chromium or consist of these materials. For example, 70-90% nickel and 10-30% chromium can be used, with a

Ratio of 80% nickel and 20% chromium is considered to be well suited.

The heating coating may, for example, occupy an area of at least 5 cm ² , preferably at least 10 cm ² and / or at most 200 cm ² , preferably at most 100 cm ² . The oil-water heat exchanger can

Total volume of preferably at least 200 cm ³ , more preferably at least 500 cm ³ , even more preferably at least 800 cm ³ and / or at most 5000 cm ³ , preferably at most 2000 cm ³ , have.

For example, the oil-water heat exchanger may be 15-25 cm long and / or 8-12 cm wide and / or 3-7 cm high (thick). The oil-water heat exchanger preferably has one or more first fluid channels for guiding the oil and one or more second fluid channels for guiding the water.

For a control, in particular control, the electrical heating coating, a bi-metal switch, possibly. with two redundant switch devices, be provided.

The invention will be described with reference to embodiments, which are explained in more detail with reference to the figures. Hereby show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of an oil-water heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 an oil-water heat exchanger according to an alternative

Embodiment of the invention; and

Fig. 3 shows a water-air heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the invention.

In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for identical and equivalent parts.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an oil-water heat exchanger (as described in detail in EP 2 466 241 AI) with a plurality of (soldered) tub elements 10, a lid 19, an inlet tube 11 and an outlet tube 12 for in the oil flowing to the heat exchanger. At least on the outlet pipe 12 (possibly in the inlet pipe 11) is an electrical

Heating coating 13 applied.

In the alternative embodiment according to FIG. 2 is an electrical

Heizbeschichtung 13 arranged on a fluid receptacle 14. The fluid receptacle 14 has a (significantly) increased diameter compared to the outlet tube 12 according to FIG. 1 or FIG

Fluid receptacle outlet tube 15, so that the fluid (oil) in the

Fluid receptacle 14 can be stored. In which

Fluid receptacle 14 may be, for example, a cuboid or cylindrical body act. In the specific embodiment according to FIG. 2, the fluid receptacle 14 is provided as an additional module, which is connected to an outlet 20 of a heat exchanger main body 21. It would also be conceivable to form the fluid receptacle 14 as an integral part of the oil-water heat exchanger, so that the outlet 20 can be dispensed with.

In Fig. 3, a water-air heat exchanger is shown, which has a collecting tank 16 and heat exchanger tubes 17, wherein both through the

Sump 16 and the heat exchanger tubes 17 water for heating (or cooling) of a flowing past the heat exchanger tubes 17 gas (in particular air) is provided. On the collecting box 16 is an electric heating coating 13. At the collecting box 16 are several

Heat exchanger tubes 17 connected via connecting pieces 18. At least 3, or at least 5, or at least 20 heat exchanger tubes 17 may be connected to the same collection box 16. The water can enter via an inlet (inlet pipe 11) and exit via an outlet (outlet pipe 12).

It should be noted at this point that all parts described above, taken alone and in any combination, especially in the

Drawings shown details are claimed as essential to the invention. Variations thereof are familiar to the person skilled in the art.

reference numeral

10 tub element

11 inlet pipe

12 outlet pipe

13 electric heating coating

14 fluid receptacle

15 fluid receptacle outlet tube

16 collection box

17 heat exchanger tube

18 connection device

19 lids

20 outlet

21 heat exchanger main body

Claims

claims

1. Heat exchanger, in particular water-air heat exchanger or oil-water heat exchanger, comprising at least one first fluid channel for guiding a first fluid, and at least one second fluid channel for guiding a second fluid,

wherein the at least one first fluid channel is connected to a fluid receiving volume, in particular on the outlet side, wherein the

Fluid receiving volume is equipped with an electric heating coating (13).

2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1,

d a d u r c h e n c i n e s that

the fluid receiving volume is defined by a fluid receptacle (14), in particular oil receptacle.

3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the fluid receiving volume through a connecting pipe, in particular

Outlet tube (12) is defined.

4. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

a turbulator (preferably near an electrical

Heating coating (13) is provided.

5. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the fluid receiving volume through a collecting box (16) or

Collection tube (preferably a water-air heat exchanger) is defined. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the fluid receiving volume is an integral part of the heat exchanger.

Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the fluid receiving volume is provided by a separate module, wherein the separate module is attachable or fixed to the remaining components of the heat exchanger.

Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the electric heating coating (13) for operation in the

Low voltage range, preferably designed for 12 volts, 24 volts or 48 volts.

Method for producing a heat exchanger, in particular a water-air heat exchanger or an oil-water heat exchanger, comprising the steps:

Providing at least one first fluid channel for guiding a first fluid and a second fluid channel for guiding a second fluid, wherein the at least one first fluid channel adjoins a fluid receiving volume, in particular the outlet side,

is connected, wherein the fluid receiving volume is equipped with an electric heating coating (13).

Use of a heat exchanger, in particular according to one of

Claims 1 to 8, preferably prepared according to claim 9, as a water-air heat exchanger or as an oil-water heat exchanger, in particular for the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.