EP3414027A1 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en acier trempé - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en acier trempé

Info

Publication number
EP3414027A1
EP3414027A1 EP17703743.9A EP17703743A EP3414027A1 EP 3414027 A1 EP3414027 A1 EP 3414027A1 EP 17703743 A EP17703743 A EP 17703743A EP 3414027 A1 EP3414027 A1 EP 3414027A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
edge
forming
hardening
inserts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17703743.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3414027B1 (fr
Inventor
Johannes HASLMAYR
Siegfried Kolnberger
Harald Schwinghammer
Andreas Sommer
Benedikt TUTEWOHL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Publication of EP3414027A1 publication Critical patent/EP3414027A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3414027B1 publication Critical patent/EP3414027B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
    • B21D28/26—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing hardened steel components.
  • Hardened steel components have the advantage in particular in car body of motor vehicles that, by their outstanding mechanical properties is a possibility to create a particularly stable passenger cell, without construction ⁇ parts must be used, which are formed in normal strength much more massive and thus heavy become.
  • steel grades which are curable by quench hardening are used.
  • Such steels are, for example, boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels, with the most widely used steel being 22MnB5. But other boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels are also used for this purpose.
  • the steel material In order to produce hardened components from these grades of steel, the steel material must be heated to the austenitizing temperature (> AC 3 ) and waited until the steel material is austenitized. Depending on the desired degree of hardness partial or full austenitisings can be achieved here.
  • a sheet steel plate is cut from a steel strip and then deep-drawn in a übli ⁇ chen, for example, five-stage deep drawing process to the finished component.
  • This finished component is hereby dimensioned slightly smaller in order to compensate for a subsequent thermal expansion during austenitizing.
  • the device thus produced is then austenitized and then inserted into a shape hardening tool, in the pressed it, but is converted into very low and the heat from the component flowing through the pressure in the pressing tool, with the above the critical Härtegeschwindig ⁇ not or speed.
  • the other process route is the so called press hardening, in which a blank is cut from a sheet steel strip, and then the board is austenitized and formed the hot plate in a single step and at the same ⁇ tig with a higher than the critical hardening speed ⁇ speed is cooled.
  • press hardening in which a blank is cut from a sheet steel strip, and then the board is austenitized and formed the hot plate in a single step and at the same ⁇ tig with a higher than the critical hardening speed ⁇ speed is cooled.
  • circuit boards provided with metallic anti-corrosive coatings eg zinc.
  • Form hardening is also referred to as an indirect process and press hardening as a direct process.
  • the advantage of the indirect process is that more complex workpiece geometries can be realized.
  • first-order microcracks and second-order microcracks.
  • Microcracks of the first order are attributed to the so-called liquid metal embrittlement. It is believed that liquid zinc phases are formed during forming, i. while tensile stresses are applied to the material, they interact with remaining austenite phases, producing microcracks with depths of up to a few 100 ⁇ m in the material.
  • the Applicant has succeeded, by cooling the material between the removal from the heating furnace and before a ⁇ place in the forming tool to temperatures at which no liquid zinc phases are no longer present to prevent this. This means that hot working takes place at temperatures below about 750 ° C.
  • the second order microcracks to date in the Warmumfor ⁇ tion despite pre-cooling can not be controlled and are also formed in Warmumformtemperaturen below 600 ° C.
  • the crack depths here are a few 10 pm.
  • microcracks first order still microcracks second Ord ⁇ voltage be accepted by the users, as this is one possible source of damage.
  • the workpiece-facing surface of the material applied in the draw ⁇ edge region or the arranged Einsat zers should have a extending over the drawing edge transverse dimension, which is in the range of 1.6 times to 10 times the positive drawing radius of the die. This makes the flow characteristics of workpieces made of sheet steel is to be improved during the hot forming and thus the risk of occurrence of cracks during hot forming of work pieces made of sheet steel, preferably galvanized steel plates, are fixed ⁇ Lich reduced. With such a tool microcracks second kind can not be avoided depending ⁇ yet.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid microcracks of the second kind in directly hot-formed, ie press-hardened components.
  • micro-cracks of the second type are ent ⁇ when entering tensile-strained areas occurring zinc vapor in sufficient concentration to the steel, so- ⁇ -called Vapor metal embrittlement (VME).
  • VME Vapor metal embrittlement
  • Zinc vapor is formed by tearing the zinc iron layer during stretching during the forming process.
  • Sufficient concentration occurs insbeson ⁇ particular in those areas in which to direct contact of the sheet with the tool predominates or a very low Ab ⁇ stand of the sheet to the tool exists.
  • a very small distance in the sense of the invention is less than 0.5 mm.
  • micro-cracks are to be avoided, with the largest possible working window in material and temperature is maintained and the reaction is kos ⁇ -effectively. At least the same cycle time should not result in a cycle time increase or throughput reduction in the ⁇ construction part.
  • the zinc vapor occurring or free zinc rapidly converted in the tensile-strained regions (Deh ⁇ voltage outer fiber) by contact with oxygen-containing fluids in a stable compound such as zinc oxide or ZnJ2.
  • the protection of the steel against microcracks second order also by forming a protective layer such as oxide may ⁇ layer, be achieved by supplying a fluid. The measures described have shown that microcracks are interpreting ⁇ Lich reduced.
  • inserts can also be provided at bottlenecks or contact areas of the sheet metal blank with the tool, these contact areas being defined as those areas in which the metal sheet has a maximum distance of 0.5 mm from the tool.
  • the corresponding material must be supported in the area of the positive radii, because these are the edges that cause the deformation and initiate the flow of material.
  • These means can be for example sintered metal inserts or porous ceramic inserts in which so much oxygen is stored after the moving apart and curing of the workpiece and before inserting a new Pla ⁇ tine that this zinc nascent of released ⁇ or liberated zinc phases can be dispensed.
  • the inserts may have cropped surfaces so that the material, after it has flowed to the edge in front of beige ⁇ is spaced used.
  • this Freistel ⁇ area is formed slotted, so that a minimum support ⁇ tion of the material is possible, however, the oxygen access is ensured.
  • fluid connection cables before ⁇ handen may be that flow into the crop or in the areas that are filled with sintered metal or porous ceramic so that oxygen is supplied sufficiently. In the simplest case, this can be air or, for example, steam.
  • Materials which by themselves have a high oxygen diffusion capacity for example certain ceramics, can also be of solid construction and are either applied while the press is open or acted upon from the back with fluids containing oxygen and store this solan ⁇ ge, until it can be released to released zinc-iron phases or released zinc.
  • inserts can be formed both on the die and on the male.
  • a loading with oxygen may also be called media by flooding the mold cavity ⁇ , for example with steam or the already ge ⁇ be performed.
  • FIG. 3 shows another tool insert with release
  • 4 shows a slotted tool insert in a mallli ⁇ chen-sectional view
  • FIG. 5 shows the slotted tool insert in a surface-side view.
  • An insert 1 according to the invention is formed, for example, from a ceramic and in particular an oxide ceramic.
  • the ceramic insert runs along the drawing edges 2 and is used in the tool instead of the metallic drawing edge 2, wherein it has a back 3 and a bottom 4, with which it is positively inserted in a recess in the metallic tool.
  • the ceramic insert 1 has an upper side 6 and a front side 5, the front side 5 and the upper side 6 are preferably aligned with the corresponding surfaces of the tool.
  • This ceramic insert may be solid or dense and hard or porous hard.
  • a gas port (not shown) may be provided, passing through the insert 1 oxygen in sufficient concentration in the range the surfaces 5 and the drawing edge 2 brings.
  • Figure 2 is in the area of the surface 5 adjacent to the drawing edge 2 a free-7 made.
  • the cutout 7 has, for example, a ne depth of 5 to 10 mm, while the entire use in ⁇ example has a height between the surfaces 4 and 6 of 35 to 50 mm and a width between the surfaces 3 and 5 of 15 to 30 mm.
  • the pulling edge 2 is designed so that the thickness of the pulling edge before the cutout 7 corresponds approximately to its radius.
  • Figure 3 instead of a cutout 7 is adjacent to the pulling edge 2 le ⁇ diglich an axis extending parallel to the surface 6 of the groove 8 EXISTING ⁇ , for example, has a depth of 5 to 8 mm, where ⁇ at the height of the Groove 8 between the pulling edge 2 and the surface 5 8 to 12 mm.
  • the surface 5 is formed with slots 9 which extend from a surface 4 in the direction of the drawing edge 2, but the drawing edge 2 still has a thickness corresponding to its radius.
  • the slot width is in this case 4 to 8 mm with a slot spacing of 7 to 11 mm, so that a web width of 2 to 5 mm is realized, with a slot depth of 5 to 9 mm. Again, it has been shown that the web width has no negative impact on the oxygen supply.
  • the recesses 7 and the groove 8 or the slots 9 are filled with a porous ceramic material or a porous sintered metal material, wherein at the remindsei- te 3 of the insert feed openings for the oxygen-containing fluids present can be and / or the sintered metal or ceramic inserts between the forming processes are so laden with oxygen, for example by flooding the Formenhohlrau ⁇ mes with water vapor, or ceramic and / or the Sinterme- tall as high Sauerstoffäffintician has that during the forming processes oxygen is received, which is released during the drawing process to be released zinc or zinc zinc phases.
  • an advantage that we can be prevented ⁇ fectively by relatively simple measures the formation of microcracks second order, whereby existing environmental forming tools by milling the positive radii areas or drawing edges inserting appropriately shaped inserts can be retrofitted.
  • the 20MnB8, 22MnB8 and other manganese boron steels are also used, especially in the direct compression hardening process.
  • Titanium (Ti) 0, 01-0, 08
  • Titanium (Ti) 0, 03-0, 04

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'emboutissage à chaud de pièces en tôle d'acier, consistant à découper un flan dans une bande de tôle d'acier composée d'un alliage d'acier trempable, à austéniser ensuite le flan par chauffage à une température supérieure à Ac3, puis à le placer dans un outil de formage, à le mettre en forme dans l'outil de formage et à le refroidir pendant le formage, à une vitesse supérieure à la vitesse critique de trempe, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'un apport d'oxygène est effectué à proximité de rayons de courbure positifs et/ou des angles d'emboutissage dans le but d'éviter l'apparition de microfissures de type II dans les flans de tôle à mettre en forme pendant le processus de formage et de trempe, ainsi qu'un dispositif à cet effet.
EP17703743.9A 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en acier trempé Active EP3414027B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016102324.8A DE102016102324B4 (de) 2016-02-10 2016-02-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen gehärteter Stahlbauteile
PCT/EP2017/052604 WO2017137378A1 (fr) 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en acier trempé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3414027A1 true EP3414027A1 (fr) 2018-12-19
EP3414027B1 EP3414027B1 (fr) 2020-05-06

Family

ID=57984946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17703743.9A Active EP3414027B1 (fr) 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces en acier trempé

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20210189513A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3414027B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6753939B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20180113559A (fr)
CN (1) CN109070174B (fr)
DE (1) DE102016102324B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2792080T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017137378A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113795342A (zh) * 2019-04-29 2021-12-14 昂登坦汽车工程有限责任公司 热压成形装置和用于使坯料热压成形的方法

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DD34665A (fr) *
DE10000138A1 (de) * 2000-01-04 2001-07-12 Binder Technologie Ag Gams Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formteilen
KR100834555B1 (ko) * 2003-07-29 2008-06-02 뵈스트알파인 스탈 게엠베하 경화 강판 부품의 제조 방법
AT412878B (de) * 2003-07-29 2005-08-25 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Korrosionsgeschütztes stahlblechteil mit hoher festigkeit
DE102004038626B3 (de) * 2004-08-09 2006-02-02 Voestalpine Motion Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen von gehärteten Bauteilen aus Stahlblech
JP2006104527A (ja) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-20 Nippon Steel Corp 高強度部品の製造方法と高強度部品
JP2007216257A (ja) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-30 Toyota Motor Corp 高強度部品製造方法、高強度部品製造方法に用いられる熱間プレス成形型及び高強度部品製造方法における中間成形品
DE102007061489A1 (de) * 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen von gehärteten Bauteilen aus härtbarem Stahl und härtbares Stahlband hierfür
DE102008063985B4 (de) * 2008-12-19 2015-10-29 Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen partiell gehärteter Stahlblechbauteile
JP5515304B2 (ja) * 2009-01-30 2014-06-11 新日鐵住金株式会社 鋼板の熱間プレス成形方法及び熱間プレス成形装置
WO2011081043A1 (fr) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-07 住友金属工業株式会社 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un organe forgé par pression à chaud
JP5695381B2 (ja) * 2010-09-30 2015-04-01 株式会社神戸製鋼所 プレス成形品の製造方法
ES2858225T3 (es) * 2010-12-24 2021-09-29 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Procedimiento para producir elementos estructurales templados
DE102011052773A1 (de) * 2011-08-17 2013-02-21 Kirchhoff Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Werkzeug für ein Presshärtwerkzeug
CN102430628A (zh) * 2011-09-30 2012-05-02 大连理工大学 一种多层金属复合板材的热成形方法
DE102011055643A1 (de) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-23 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Verfahren und Umformwerkzeug zum Warmumformen und Presshärten von Werkstücken aus Stahlblech, insbesondere verzinkten Werkstücken aus Stahlblech
JP6075304B2 (ja) * 2013-03-28 2017-02-08 株式会社豊田中央研究所 熱間プレス成形方法および熱間プレス成形装置
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DE102013015405A1 (de) * 2013-09-17 2014-05-08 Daimler Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Presshärten eines Blechs
DE102014101159B4 (de) * 2014-01-30 2016-12-01 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung von Werkstücken

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016102324A1 (de) 2017-08-10
CN109070174A (zh) 2018-12-21
US20210189513A1 (en) 2021-06-24
EP3414027B1 (fr) 2020-05-06
KR20180113559A (ko) 2018-10-16
JP2019508252A (ja) 2019-03-28
JP6753939B2 (ja) 2020-09-09
DE102016102324B4 (de) 2020-09-17
ES2792080T3 (es) 2020-11-10
WO2017137378A1 (fr) 2017-08-17
CN109070174B (zh) 2021-05-04

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