EP3409839B1 - Quick coupler for connecting an arm of an excavator to a work implement - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a quick coupler for connecting an excavator arm to an implement according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

So-called mechanical quick couplers have been known for a long time. In mechanical quick couplers, at least one locking pin is moved from an unlocking position to a locking position with manual power, in contrast to hydraulic quick couplers, in which the driving force to move the locking pin is generated hydraulically and the locking pin is moved hydraulically. In order to introduce the manual drive force into the quick coupler, a force introduction element is provided, usually with a nut-shaped extension, on which a tool wrench can act to manually generate the drive force. The manual drive force for locking and unlocking the quick coupler is applied to a drive of the locking bolt of the quick coupler via this force introduction element. As is known, the drive consists of a threaded spindle, on which a driver engaging in the thread of the threaded spindle is mounted in a torsion-proof manner. The driver is connected to the locking bolt as a movement converter and moves, depending on the direction in which the threaded spindle is rotated, in the direction of the locking position or in the direction of the locking position. For this purpose, the driver is mounted in a housing of the quick coupler so that it can be moved in a translatory manner. The rotary movement of the threaded spindle is converted by the driver into a translational movement for the coupled locking bolt, in that the driver is moved translationally through the thread. The quick coupler housing acts as an abutment and prevents the driver from turning when the threaded spindle is turned.

The disadvantage of this design is that the range of angles of rotation of the threaded spindle, which is required to move the locking bolt from the locking position to the unlocking position and vice versa, is very large. In other words, the tool key and thus the The threaded spindle can be turned several times to lock or open the quick coupler. On the one hand, this costs time and is very tedious for the user.

In order to avoid unintentional opening of a quick coupler locked with an adapter, it is also known to provide a toggle lever mechanism that has a dead center safety device in the locking position. In the area of the locking position, the toggle mechanism guides the drive train for the locking bolt past a dead center of the toggle mechanism to a travel limit. When the travel limit is reached, further movement is prevented and the dead center safety device prevents the quick coupler from opening unintentionally. Forces acting in the unlocking direction during operation are neutralized by the dead center safety device thanks to the toggle lever mechanism. Such a toggle mechanism is, for example, from DE 10 2015 210 860 A1 known.

the DE 10 2015 210 860 A1 and the EP 2 910 688 A1 form the generic prior art. A quick coupler with at least one locking bolt and a hand-operated drive that moves the locking bolt between a locking position and an unlocking position is disclosed. The drive has a force introduction element via which the manual drive force for locking and unlocking is introduced into the drive. The drive is provided with a gear, with the force introduction element interacting with the locking bolt via the gear. The gear converts a rotational movement introduced via the force introduction element into a translational locking or unlocking movement of the locking bolt. The transmission has a drive shaft and a non-rotatably mounted motion converter which interacts with the drive shaft and the locking bolt and converts the rotary motion of the drive shaft into a translatory motion for the locking bolt. The movement converter and the drive shaft are designed and work together in such a way that a rotary movement introduced via the force introduction element over a rotary movement angle of less than or equal to 360° encompasses the entire translational movement of the locking bolt in order to move the locking bolt from the unlocked position to the locked position and vice versa to proceed.

A disadvantage of the fundamentally advantageous dead center safeguard is the relatively large space requirement of such a toggle lever mechanism, which does not always meet today's requirements for quick couplers.

From the CA 2 308 917 A1 a quick coupler for connecting an excavator arm to an adapter on an implement is known. The quick coupler has clutch claws, which in a engage the locking axis of the adapter. On the side of the adapter remote from the locking axis, there is a tab with a bore, in which a locking bolt of the quick coupler engages laterally when coupling. The quick coupler is provided with guide walls which are arranged laterally on the lug of the adapter when the quick coupler is coupled to the adapter. The guide walls each have a bore which is aligned with the bore of the bracket when coupling. The locking bolt is provided with an at least partially circumferential groove in its outer surface, in which engages a guide pin that is firmly connected to the quick coupler. The locking bolt is provided with a lever. When coupling the quick coupler to the adapter, the locking bolt is screwed into the bracket of the adapter via the lever and guided by the guide pin. This is a different construction than the invention, since in this prior art the locking bolt is to be screwed in in a guided manner. This is extremely disadvantageous since the forces acting on the locking bolt are very high and the locking bolt can jam so that it can no longer be rotated and thus released.

From the US 2016/0083935 A1 a locking pin for fastening an excavator tooth is known, which is screwed in via a grooved guide.

The object according to one aspect of the invention is to further develop a quick coupler according to the type specified in the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that a smaller rotational angle range is necessary for locking and unlocking the quick coupler.

The invention is based on the knowledge that, with the help of an alternative drive concept, smaller angle of rotation ranges can be achieved without further ado and that further design possibilities also arise.

According to the invention, the drive shaft has at least one groove, which runs at least partially around the drive shaft, in an outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft and into which the movement converter engages. The groove is provided with a slope based on the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft, through which the angle of rotation is fixed. A smaller angle of rotation can be realized in a simple manner by adjusting the pitch, without causing strength problems or premature wear.

In this case, two grooves, in particular three grooves, can be provided. The grooves are preferably arranged at the same distance from one another in the cross section of the drive shaft, so that the load is evenly distributed over the drive shaft when the locking bolts are moved.

In order to have as little resistance as possible when the locking bolts are moved, the opposite side surfaces of the groove are designed to run parallel to one another.

The base of the groove can be straight or curved in cross section, at least in some areas, based on the longitudinal extent of the groove.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the movement converter has at least one guide pin for the groove, which engages in the associated groove and rests with its head arranged in the groove on at least one side surface of the groove. The forces for moving the movement converter and the locking bolt are transmitted easily and wear-free from the drive shaft via the pin.

So that the surface pressure between the groove and the guide pin does not become too high, the head of the guide pin is of cylindrical design according to one embodiment.

The groove can have a width which corresponds to at least 5% of the diameter of the drive shaft, preferably 10% of the diameter of the drive shaft.

A dead center safety device is provided in the locking position, primarily to prevent the quick coupler from being released unintentionally during operation. The dead center safeguard is designed in such a way that the groove is guided over a dead center when the locking position is reached, in that the slope of the groove changes from positive to negative. In this way, unintentional loosening is prevented in a simple manner. There is no need for a separate large toggle mechanism.

The motion converter is preferably mounted in a housing of the quick coupler so that it is only guided in a translatory manner. The storage is designed in such a way that as few friction losses as possible occur during operation.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the rotational movement introduced via the force introduction element comprises a rotational movement angle of less than or equal to 220°, preferably less than or equal to 200°, in particular less than or equal to 180°, the entire translational movement of the locking bolt.

At least the angle of rotation, which results from the rotational movement introduced via the force introduction element, is at least 90°.

In order to provide additional security against unintentional loosening during operation, the movement converter is pretensioned with its pin engaging in the groove in an end position in the locking position by a spring.

The force introduction element can be arranged on the side of the locking bolt, on the side remote from it and/or on the side of a housing of the quick coupler.

In particular, the locking bolt is also prestressed in the locking direction by at least one spring.

According to one embodiment, two locking bolts are provided, both of which are driven by a common movement converter, which preferably interacts with the drive shaft arranged between the two locking bolts.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a dead center safety device is integrated into the outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft. There is no need for a separate large toggle mechanism. To do this, move the latch bolt or bolts to the locked position dead center protection is provided so that the locking bolt is secured in the locked position or the locking bolts are secured in the locked position. The dead center lock is integrated into the outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft. For the integration of the dead center safety device in the drive shaft, the groove is guided over a dead center when the locking position is reached, in that the slope of the groove changes from positive to negative.

Further advantages, features and application possibilities of the present invention result from the following description in connection with the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines mechanischen Schnellwechslers, der in einen mit einem angeschlossenen Baggerlöffel verbundenen eingreift, und mit einem Baggerarm verbunden ist, mit Werkzeugschlüssel;

Fig. 2

eine Explosionsdarstellung von Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Darstellung des mechanischen Schnellwechslers im Entriegelungszustand mit angesetztem Werkzeugschlüssel;

Fig. 4

eine Explosionsdarstellung von Figur 3;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Darstellung schräg vorne des mechanischen Schnellwechslers ohne Gehäuse im entriegelten Zustand;

Fig. 6

eine Explosionsdarstellung von Figur 5;

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Darstellung schräg hinten des mechanischen Schnellwechslers ohne Gehäuse im entriegelten Zustand;

Fig. 8

eine Explosionsdarstellung von Figur 7;

Fig. 9a

eine Vorderansicht einer Antriebswelle des Schnellwechslers nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 9b

eine perspektivische Ansicht von schräg oben auf die Antriebswelle von Figur 9a;

Fig. 9c

eine perspektivische Ansicht auf die Antriebswelle von Figur 9a;

Fig. 9d

eine perspektivische Ansicht von der Seite auf die Antriebswelle von Figur 9a, und

Fig. 9e

eine vergrößerte Vorderansicht auf die Antriebswelle von Figur 9a.

In the description, in the claims and in the drawing, the terms used in the list of reference numbers given below and associated reference numbers are used. In the drawing means:

1

a perspective view of a mechanical quick coupler, which engages in one connected to an excavator bucket, and is connected to an excavator arm, with a tool wrench;

2

an exploded view of 1 ;

3

a perspective view of the mechanical quick coupler in the unlocked state with attached tool key;

4

an exploded view of figure 3 ;

figure 5

a perspective view diagonally from the front of the mechanical quick coupler without housing in the unlocked state;

6

an exploded view of figure 5 ;

7

a perspective view diagonally behind the mechanical quick coupler without housing in the unlocked state;

8

an exploded view of figure 7 ;

Figure 9a

a front view of a drive shaft of the quick coupler according to the invention;

Figure 9b

a perspective view obliquely from above of the drive shaft of FIG Figure 9a ;

9c

a perspective view of the drive shaft of Figure 9a ;

Figure 9d

a perspective view from the side of the drive shaft of FIG Figure 9a , and

Fig. 9e

an enlarged front view of the drive shaft of Figure 9a .

Figures 1 and 2 each show a perspective view of a quick coupler 10 and an adapter 12, wherein the 1 an assembly and the 2 shows an exploded view. The adapter 12 is welded to an excavator bucket 14 . An excavator arm 16 acts on the quick coupler 10 in a conventional manner. The quick coupler 10 engages the adapter 12 and is in the unlocked state. A tool wrench 18 acts on a force introduction element 20 with a nut-shaped extension 20a.

The adapter 12 includes two parallel cylindrical cross members, a rear cross member 12a and a front cross member 12b. Pass through the rear cross brace 12a and the front cross brace 12b Two mounting brackets 12c and 12d on each side span an interior space assigned to the quick coupler 10 and together with the mounting brackets 12c, 12d form a frame, namely the adapter 12. The mounting brackets 12c and 12 are welded to the excavator bucket 14.

The quick coupler 10 has at its first end claws 22 according to Figures 1 and 2 the rear cross strut 12a of the adapter 12 encompasses areas and the quick coupler 10 is pivoted around this when being inserted into the adapter 12 and removed from the adapter 12 . At the end opposite the first end of the quick coupler 10, an abutment 24 is provided, which bears against the front cross brace 12b of the quick coupler 12 and, in the locked state, fixes the quick coupler 10 in the adapter 12 with two axially movable locking bolts 26. This results in the adapter 12 being coupled to the quick coupler 10.

In its longitudinal extent, the quick coupler 10 is designed to be essentially axisymmetrical with respect to a central axis M. On the upper side of a housing 28 of the quick coupler 12 there is in each case a connecting link 10a, 10b which is connected to the front end of the excavator arm 16 in a known manner.

The two locking bolts 26 are one in the following Figures 3 to 8 explained drive 30 can be moved into an unlocking position with respect to the housing 28 of the quick coupler 10 and can be extended into a locking position with respect to the housing 28 of the quick coupler 10 . In the locked position, the locking bolts 26 run under the associated cross brace, according to FIG 1 the front cross member 12b. In addition, the abutment 24 comes into contact with its abutment surface on the cross brace, which is flat in this area of the system. The abutment 24 and the associated surface on the cross strut 12b are positioned at an angle to the vertical, so that in cooperation with the locking bolt 26, the quick coupler 10 is braced in multiple axes in the adapter 12 in the locking position.

Furthermore, in the area of the abutment 24, the force introduction element 20 is provided with the nut-shaped extension 20a, in which the tool key (hand lever) 18 engages in order to actuate a drive 30 purely mechanically and to move the locking bolt 26 for locking or unlocking the quick coupler 10 against the adapter 12.

The locking bolts 26 can be moved along the actuation axis B by the drive 30 between an unlocked position and a locked position. The drive 30 includes a Drive shaft 38 and a driver 44 through which the drive shaft 38 passes. The drive shaft 38 is mounted centrally and has an axis of rotation which corresponds to the central axis M.

In particular the Figures 3 to 8 the drive 30 can be seen in detail. The drive 30 includes a bearing block 32 which is fixed to the housing 28 by means of connecting screws 34a and 34b. The connecting screws 34a and 34b pass through the housing 28 in the upper area and then the bearing block 32 and engage in the lower area of the housing 28 with a thread and are tightened so that the head of the connecting screw 34a, 34b, directly or via a washer 36 on the top of the housing 28 each rests firmly.

In the bearing block 32, the locking bolts 26 are each mounted in two bores 32a, 32b in a translationally displaceable manner. Centrally between the two bores 32a, 32b, the drive shaft 38 is rotatably mounted in a further bore 32c, which is firmly connected to the force introduction element 20 and the nut-shaped attachment 20a of the force introduction element 20. The bore 32c is formed in the area of the end face in such a way that the tool key 18 can grip around the nut-shaped attachment 20a.

The bearing block 32 has two fastening bores 32d, 32e, which extend laterally from the upper region of the bearing block 32 into the bore 32c running perpendicular thereto. Fastening pins 40a and 40b are introduced into this fastening device 32d, 32e when the drive shaft 38 is pushed into the bearing block 32. The fastening pins 40a, 40b are assigned a circumferential groove 42 in the front area of the drive shaft 38, in which the fastening pins 40a, 40b engage and fix the drive shaft 38 in the axial direction, but do not impair a rotational movement of the drive shaft 38.

The drive shaft 38 is connected to a driver housing 44, which at the same time serves as a movement converter of a rotary movement of the drive shaft 38 into a translational movement for the locking bolts 26. For this purpose, the drive axle 38 has three grooves 38a, 38b and 38c in the outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft 38 at its end remote from the force introduction element 20 . The grooves 38a, 38b, 38c each have the same pitch and cross-sectional configuration with side walls aligned parallel to one another and a flat base. Starting from the free end of the drive axle 38, the grooves 38a, 38b, 38c extend around the drive axle 38 in the direction of the force introduction element 20.

An abutment pin 46a, 46b, 46c engages in a groove 38a, 38b, 38c. The abutment pins 46a, 46b, 46c are each designed to correspond to one another and are firmly anchored in the driver housing 44. The head of an abutment pin 46a, 46b, 46c, which engages in the associated groove 38a, 38b, 38c, is cylindrical so that there is linear contact in the corresponding groove 38a, 38b, 38c. A punctiform surface pressure, which could damage the groove 38a, 38b, 38c and/or the abutment pin 46a, 46b, 46c, is thereby avoided.

A compression spring 48 is tensioned between the driver housing 44 and the bearing block 32, which spring loads the driver housing 44 in the locking position in a direction away from the bearing housing 32 in order to hold the drive shaft 38 in the locking position. This is discussed in more detail below.

The locking bolts 26 also engage in the driver housing 44 on the side of the drive shaft 38 and are fixed there on the driver housing 44 via their free end. In addition, guide pins 50a, 50b engage in corresponding recesses 26a, 26b. The locking bolt 26 is stepped on its side remote from the bearing block 32 and has a contact surface 26c. Furthermore, a compression spring 52a, 52b surrounds a locking bolt 26 in the region of its free end. The compression spring 52a, 52b is located on the rear part 44a of the driver housing 44 and on a front guide 44b. The locking bolt 26 passes through the front guide 44b. If the driver housing 44 is moved via the drive shaft 38 in the direction of the bearing block 32, there is a relative movement of the driver housing 44 relative to the locking bolt 26, specifically in accordance with the length of the recess 26a. If the guide pin 50a, 50b then strikes the end of the recess 26b, the contact surface 26c compresses the associated compression spring 52a, 52b. The quick coupler 10 is then in the locking position, in which the compression springs 52a, 52b act on the locking bolts 26 in the locking direction. The guide pin 50a, 50b is secured in the driver housing 44 by securing pins 54a, 54b introduced into a corresponding bore perpendicular to the guide pin 50a, 50b.

The rotational movement of the drive shaft 38 is converted into an axial movement of the driver housing 44 via the abutment pins 46a, 46b, 46c engaging in the grooves 38a, 38b and 38c, which in turn transmits the translational movement to the locking bolts 26. As a result, the driver housing 44 acts as a motion converter.

In the Figures 9a to 9e the drive shaft 38 is shown in detail in each case. In the front area of the drive shaft 38 is the force introduction element 20 with its nut-shaped attachment 20a for the tool key 18. This is followed by the circumferential groove 42, via which the drive shaft 38 is secured in the bearing block 32 in the axial direction.

The three grooves 38a, 38b and 38c extend from the free end of the drive shaft 38 at equal distances from one another, with the same pitch and uniform formation in the direction of the force introduction element 20. The groove 38a, 38b and 38c each have a width which is at least 5% of the diameter of the drive shaft 38, in particular 10%. The angle of rotation that is necessary to move the locking bolt 26 from the unlocked position into the locked position is determined by the slope of the groove 38a, 38b and 38c.

In the end area of the angle of rotation, the slope of the groove 38a, 38b and 38c changes from positive to negative, as a result of which the driver housing 44 is guided past a dead center. The end of the groove 38a, 38b and 38c forms an end stop in which the abutment pin 46a, 46b and 46c is applied in the locking position and pressed by the compression spring 48.

The pitch of the groove is dimensioned such that the angle of rotation of the drive shaft 38 is less than or equal to 360°, preferably less than or equal to 220°, preferably less than or equal to 200°, in particular less than or equal to 180° in order to rotate the driver housing 44 and thus to move the locking bolt 26 from the unlocked position to the locked position and vice versa. At least the angle of rotation, which results from the rotational movement introduced via the force introduction element 20, is at least 90°. The change in the slope and thus the formation of a dead center when the driver housing 44 is moved and thus when the locking bolts 26 are moved, preferably in cooperation with the compression spring 48, form a dead center safety device. In this way, the dead center safeguard is integrated into the drive shaft 38 in a simple manner. To open and close the quick coupler 10, a smaller angle of rotation is required compared to the known prior art, and the result is faster and less complex closing and opening of the quick coupler 10.

By changing the pitch of grooves 38a, 38b and 38c from positive to negative via death. Self-locking is achieved by the resulting forces of the locking bolt. When the quick coupler 10 is opened, these forces must be overcome by manual force using the tool key 18 .

Reference List

10

quick coupler

10a

Connection tab, left

10b

Connection tab, right

12

adapter

12a

rear cross brace

12b

front cross brace

12c

Mounting tab, left

12d

Mounting tab, right

14

excavator bucket

16

excavator arm

18

tool wrench, hand lever

20

force introduction element

20a

nut-shaped attachment of the force application element

22

Quick coupler claws

24

abutment

26

latch bolt

26a

recess

26b

contact surface

28

Quick coupler housing

30

drive

32

storage block

32a

hole, left

32b

hole, right

32c

hole in the middle

32d

Mounting hole, left

32e

Mounting hole, right

34a

Connecting screw, left

34b

Connecting screw, right

36a

disc, left

36b

disc, right

38

drive shaft

38a

Nut, left

38b

Nut, right

38c

Groove, middle

40a

Fixing pin, left

40b

Fixing pin, right

42

Circumferential groove of the drive shaft

44

driver housing

44a

rear part of the carrier housing

44b

front guide of the driver housing for the locking bolt

46a

Abutment pin, left

46b

Abutment pin, right

46c

Abutment pin, center

48

compression spring

50a

Guide pin, left

50b

guide pin, right

52a

Compression spring, left

52b

Compression spring, right

54a

Lock pin, left

54b

locking pin, right

56 m

central axis

B

actuation axis

Claims (15)

1. Quick coupler (10) for connecting an excavator arm (16) to an implement (14) using at least one locking bolt (26) and a manually operated drive (30) that moves said locking bolt (26) between a locking position and an unlocking position thereof, said drive (30) having a force introduction element (20) which introduces the manual drive force for achieving the locking and unlocking action into said drive (30), said drive (30) having a transmission (38, 44), with said force introduction element (20) interacting with said locking bolt (26) via said transmission (38, 44), said transmission (38, 44) converting a rotational movement introduced via said force introduction element (20) into a translational locking or unlocking movement of said locking bolt (26), and wherein said transmission includes a drive shaft (38) and a motion converter (44) which interacts with said drive shaft (38) and with said locking bolt (26) and which is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner, said motion transducer (44) converting the rotational movement of said drive shaft (38) into a translational movement for the locking bolt (26), wherein said motion converter (44) and said drive shaft (38) are designed and cooperate in such a way that a rotational movement introduced via said force introduction element (20) comprises the entire translational movement of said locking bolt (26) over an angle of rotational movement of less than or equal to 360°, in order to move said locking bolt (26) from its unlocking position into its locking position and vice versa, characterized in that said drive shaft (38) has at least one groove (38a, 38b, 38c) made in an outer circumferential surface thereof, which groove (38a, 38b, 38c) at least partially surrounds said drive shaft (38) and is engaged by said motion converter (44), said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) having a pitch with respect to the longitudinal axis of said drive shaft (38) that defines the angle of rotation.
2. Quick coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two grooves (38a, 38b, 38c), in particular three grooves (38a, 38b, 38c), are provided, which grooves (38a, 38b, 38c) are preferably arranged at an equal distance from each other along the cross-section of said drive shaft (38).
3. Quick coupler according to one of claims 1 and 2 above, characterized in that the opposing side surfaces of said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) are formed parallel to one another.
4. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base of said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) as seen in cross-section with respect to the longitudinal extent of said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) is designed to be straight or curved at least in regions.
5. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said motion converter (44) comprises at least one guide pin (46a, 46b, 46c) for said groove (38a, 38b, 38c), said guide pin (46a, 46b, 46c) engaging the associated groove (38a, 38b, 38c) with its head resting against a side surface of said groove (38a, 38b, 38c).
6. Quick coupler according to claim 5, characterized in that said head of said guide pin (46a, 46b, 46c) is cylindrical in shape.
7. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) is of a width that corresponds to at least 5% of the diameter of said drive shaft (38), preferably to 10% of the diameter of said drive shaft (38).
8. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when reaching the locking position, a dead center is provided in said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) by changing the pitch of said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) from positive to negative.
9. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said motion converter (44) is supported so as to be only translationally guided in a housing (28) of said quick coupler (10).
10. Quick coupler according to claim 5, in particular according to any additional one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said motion converter (44) with its guide pin (46a, 46b, 46c) that engages in said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) is biased into its final position in the locking position by means of a spring (48).
11. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational movement introduced via said force introduction element (20) comprises the entire translational movement of said locking bolt (26) over an angle of rotational movement of less than or equal to 220°, preferably of less than or equal to 200°, in particular of less than or equal to 180°.
12. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle of rotation resulting from the rotational movement introduced by means of said force introduction element (20) is at least 90°.
13. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said force introduction element (20) is arranged on the side of said locking bolt (26), on the side remote therefrom and/or laterally on a housing (28) of said quick coupler (10).
14. Quick coupler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said locking bolt (26) is biased in the locking direction by at least one spring (52a, 52b).
15. Quick coupler according to claim 1, in particular according to any additional one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when said one or plural locking bolt(s) (26) move(s) into the locking position, a dead center lock is provided so as to ensure that said one or plural locking bolt(s) (26) is/are secured in the locking position, wherein said dead center lock is integrated into the outer circumferential surface of said drive shaft (38), and that for the integration of the dead center lock into said drive shaft (38), when reaching the locking position, a dead center is provided in said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) by changing the pitch of said groove (38a, 38b, 38c) from positive to negative.

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