EP3405078A1 - Procede de cuisson d'un aliment - Google Patents
Procede de cuisson d'un alimentInfo
- Publication number
- EP3405078A1 EP3405078A1 EP17706549.7A EP17706549A EP3405078A1 EP 3405078 A1 EP3405078 A1 EP 3405078A1 EP 17706549 A EP17706549 A EP 17706549A EP 3405078 A1 EP3405078 A1 EP 3405078A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooking
- food
- cooking surface
- temperature
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
- A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
- A47J36/025—Vessels with non-stick features, e.g. coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of cooking a food, and in particular to a method of cooking a food on a superhydrophobic surface.
- the food is placed on a hot cooking surface so as to rapidly cook the outer skin of the food, forming a crust on its surface.
- This cooking process not only makes it possible to form flavors, among other things thanks to the Maillard reaction, but also to conserve as much moisture and nutrients as possible inside the food.
- Seared cooking is often accompanied by the use of a cooking aid such as cooking oil.
- anti-adhesive coatings such as for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based coatings or metal alkoxides (known as ceramic coatings). and obtained by sol-gel method).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- ceramic coatings metal alkoxides
- sol-gel method sol-gel method
- the deposited liquid takes several minutes to evaporate and does not boil, whereas the temperature of the hot surface is well above the boiling temperature of the liquid.
- the deposited liquid drop has very rounded edges and does not adhere to the surface; the drop is also extremely mobile and escapes very easily.
- the temperature of the liquid during the heating regime is equal to the boiling temperature of said liquid.
- the deposited liquid is levitated above the surface by forming a vapor film that interposes between the deposited liquid and the hot surface. It is considered that the adhesion force is zero since one resides in a perfect state of non-contact. It is also considered that the liquid and the vapor are in equilibrium at the boiling temperature of the liquid. This equilibrium exists as long as the liquid makes up for the loss of steam. During the entire duration of this phenomenon, the temperature of the liquid is therefore independent of the temperature of the surface.
- the Applicant proposes to solve all or part of the problems of the prior art mentioned above and proposes a method of cooking a food comprising free water with the aid of a cooking vessel having at least one cooking surface, said cooking surface being such that a drop of distilled water is likely to have an angle of contact with said cooking surface greater than or equal to 150 ° at room temperature, the food being such that that its water activity a w is greater than or equal to 0.5 the process comprising the following steps:
- the mentioned temperatures such as in particular the heating or boiling temperatures, are indicated with reference to a use of the cooking process at ambient pressure, ie about 1 atmosphere.
- the calefaction phenomenon may exist at lower temperatures than the generally accepted temperatures for hydrophilic surfaces such as metals, and hydrophobic surfaces such as PTFE-based coatings. For example, it is possible to observe a phenomenon of calefaction when a film of vapor has been generated by heating a surface at a minimum temperature of 125 ° C and then lowering the temperature to values of 100 ° C for a surface having an angle of contact with water greater than or equal to 150 ° at room temperature.
- the life time at the minimum temperature of calefaction of capped water drops, on surfaces having an angle of contact with water greater than or equal to 150 ° at room temperature are longer compared to hydrophilic surfaces and surfaces.
- hydrophobic favored by thermal exchanges less important than high temperature.
- this heating regime is compatible with the temperatures of cookware generally used for cooking food (100 to 250 ° C).
- the reversibility of a low non-contact contact regime is favored.
- the cooking method according to the present invention is particularly advantageous for cooking without adding fat. It allows to obtain the following properties:
- the term "cooking surface” is used with reference to the surface on which the food to be cooked is put in place.
- the cooking surface is a portion of the inner surface of the container, preferably having a size greater than or equal to 12 cm 2 .
- open water means the share of free water in a food (and not the total water content of that food), ie the available water that can create a film of steam during the process of firing by calefaction according to the invention.
- the cooking method according to the invention implements a food such that its water activity a w is from 0.5 to 1, preferably from 0.8 to 1, more preferably from 0.9 to 1 and more preferably still from 0.95 to 1.
- distilled water is meant for the purposes of the invention a water which comprises H2O molecules, dissolved gases such as O2 and CO2, this water is free from certain mineral salts and organisms, which is found usually in natural water.
- This distilled water can be obtained inter alia by successive distillations or not. It is sometimes called pure water or purified water.
- the pH of the distilled water is generally about 5.4.
- the cooking method according to the invention comprises at least 3 stages, the heating step, the placing step and the cooking step.
- the cooking surface can be advantageously heated to a temperature of from 125 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably from 125 ° C to 230 ° C, more preferably from 125 ° C to 200 ° C, still more preferably from 125 ° C to 180 ° C.
- the introduction of the food on the cooking surface can be performed after, before or during the heating step of the cooking surface, depending on the cooked food and the cooking of said desired food.
- the introduction of the food on the cooking surface after the heating step of said cooking surface advantageously makes it possible to rapidly establish the heating regime (thanks to the rapid setting to the heating temperature of the water included in the food) and therefore to have the best anti-sticking potential of the food on the cooking surface.
- the placing of the food on the cooking surface can be carried out before or during the heating step of said cooking surface, which allows to observe benefits on the cooking of the cooking surface.
- These benefits can for example allow a heating of the food before the desired transformation (denaturation of proteins, evaporation of free water). This applies more particularly to the reheating of a food, or to a soft cooking where one seeks to minimize the losses in water of the food.
- the cooking surface may have a temperature equal to 125 ° C but it may be lowered during cooking to 100 ° C or increased beyond 125 ° C without interrupting the phenomenon of calefaction , which advantageously makes it possible to maintain the food in a heating regime.
- the higher the temperature of the cooking surface the thicker the vapor film formed, further improving the anti-adhesion performance of the process of the invention.
- the temperature of the cooking surface can advantageously vary at a temperature of from 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., preferably from 125 ° C. to 230 ° C., more preferably 125 ° C. C at 200 ° C even more preferably 125 ° C to 180 ° C.
- the food has a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of water, approximately 100 ° C according to the conditions of implementation of the method, preferably less than or equal to 100 ° C. It should be noted that the temperature of a food may be in the form of a temperature gradient inside the food, the highest temperature being that in contact with the vapor film.
- the cooking surface may have a minimum temperature of 125 ° C, preferably maintained equal to 125 ° C.
- this makes it possible to keep the food in a celeration mode while retaining the organoleptic properties of the food and significantly avoiding its coloration.
- this temperature may vary from ⁇ 2 ° C.
- the temperature of the cooking surface has a non-constant profile during cooking of the food.
- the temperature of the cooking surface can for example be increased or decreased during cooking of the food.
- the temperature of the cooking surface may also have one or more increase phases and / or one or more reduction phases and / or one or more constant phases during cooking of the food.
- superhydrophobic surface a surface having a contact angle with a drop of distilled water greater than or equal to 150 ° at room temperature, preferably between 150 ° to 180 ° at temperature ambient, more preferably from 155 ° to 175 ° at room temperature, more preferably from 165 ° to 170 ° at room temperature.
- a surface is hydrophilic when the static contact angle of a drop of distilled water disposed on the surface is less than or equal to 90 degrees, is hydrophobic when the contact angle static of a drop of distilled water disposed on the surface is included from 90 to 150 ° (the terminals 90 ° and 150 ° are excluded from this range), and that the surface is superhydrophobic when the static contact angle of a drop of distilled water disposed on the surface is greater than or equal to 150 degrees.
- the measurement of a contact angle with distilled water on a surface is to measure the angle between the tangent to the drop of distilled water at the point of contact and the surface.
- Figure 1 illustrates the principle of measuring a contact angle between a drop of distilled water and a cooking surface.
- the cooking surface may be such that a drop of distilled water may have an angle of contact with said cooking surface greater than or equal to 155 ° at room temperature, and preferably an angle of contact with said surface cooking time greater than or equal to 170 ° at room temperature.
- the heating temperature of the water on a hot surface is evaluated by measuring, for different temperatures, the angle of inclination of the surface allowing the mobility of a drop of water (angle of inclination also known as the tilt angle and directly related to the strength of adhesion).
- angle of inclination also known as the tilt angle and directly related to the strength of adhesion.
- the temperature of heating is known with an accuracy of +/- 10 ° C.
- the cooking surface of the cooking vessel can be made by various techniques which are extensively described in the literature and therefore known to those skilled in the art (chemical etching, structuring by nanoembossing, laser, electrodeposition of polymers, partial decomposition, lithography , etc.)
- water may be added during cooking of the food. This makes it possible to increase the lifespan of the phenomenon of heating by compensating for the phenomena of the escape of water in the form of steam towards the environment. This addition of water can be carried out for example by deglazing the cooking surface.
- the cooking vessel used in the process of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of pots and pans, woks and sauteps, casseroles and pots, crepe makers, grills, plates and grills. barbecue.
- the cooking method can be used to cook a fried egg.
- the cooking of the raw egg on a bed of steam, ie during the heating of the cooking surface it is possible to obtain a better visual and gustative homogeneity of the egg white by avoiding hot spots.
- the cooking of the raw egg in heating mode on a superhydrophobic surface is at a temperature between 125 ° C and 180 ° C, which is perfect for obtaining the desired texture and color which occurs as a result of denaturation of proteins (this denaturation takes place at temperatures between 60 and 100 ° C, 60 ° C for ovotransferrin and between 84.4 and 92.5 ° C for ovalbumin).
- a cooking eggs at too high temperature leads to significant drying which results in an unsatisfactory result (dry, rubbery, ).
- FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of measuring a contact angle between a cooking surface 10 of a cooking vessel 12 and a drop of distilled water 14 deposited on the surface 10. It is designated by the reference 16 liquid / gas interface between the drop 14 and the ambient air.
- FIG. 1 is a section on a plane perpendicular to the surface 10. In the sectional plane, the contact angle ⁇ corresponds to the angle, measured from inside the drop of water 14, between the surface 10 and the tangent T at the interface 16 at the point of intersection between the solid 10 and the interface 16.
- the container 12 is placed in a room at a temperature of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%.
- a drop of distilled water 14 with a volume of 2.5 ⁇ is placed on the surface 10 of the container 12.
- the measurement of the angle ⁇ is carried out by an optical method, for example using a shape analysis device (English Drop Shape Analysis), for example the DSA100 device marketed by the company Kruss.
- the measurements are repeated five times and the value of the contact angle measured between the drop of water and the cooking surface is equal to the average of these five measurements.
- the heating temperature of the water on a hot surface is evaluated by measuring, for different temperatures, the angle of inclination of the surface allowing the mobility of a drop of water (angle of inclination also known as the tilt angle and directly related to the strength of adhesion).
- angle of inclination also known as the tilt angle and directly related to the strength of adhesion.
- the temperature of heating is known with an accuracy of +/- 10 ° C.
- the activity of the water is measured using a device called a w- meter of the electric hygrometer type which operates by measuring the resistance of a hygroscopic salt or by varying the capacity of a capacitor comprising a polymer hygroscopic
- the activity of water is determined by the following formula:
- ERH Relative average humidity Realization of the tested surfaces and physicochemical properties
- the tests are performed in articles of identical shapes having as support a stainless steel.
- the cooking surface of the article is left bare (surface 1), in the case of a hydrophilic surface having a contact angle with the cooking surface equal to 70 °
- one surface of the article is coated with a PTFE-based coating with a total thickness of 35 microns (surface 2), where a hydrophobic surface has an angle of contact with the surface of cooking equal to 1 10 °:
- one surface of the article is coated with a "glaco" layer, ie a hydrophobic silica colloid layer dispersed in a spray-applied isopropanol alcohol provided by Soft 99; the layer “glaco” has a total thickness of 100 nanometers (surface 3) (case of a superhydrophobic surface having a contact angle with the cooking surface equal to 175 °);
- a "glaco” layer ie a hydrophobic silica colloid layer dispersed in a spray-applied isopropanol alcohol provided by Soft 99
- the layer “glaco” has a total thickness of 100 nanometers (surface 3) (case of a superhydrophobic surface having a contact angle with the cooking surface equal to 175 °);
- the physicochemical properties of the prepared surfaces are summarized in the table below:
- the cooking is stopped when the top of the egg white is smooth and coagulated and the culinary rendering is evaluated for each test.
- the adhesion and mobility of the egg are visually characterized by tilting the article at a low angle of inclination of less than 10 °.
- the white is cooked in a non-homogeneous way, one observes big exploded bubbles which give a very rough aspect
- the underside of the white has strongly browned.
- the white is cooked in a non-homogeneous way, one observes big exploded bubbles which give a very rough aspect
- the egg slides softly.
- the bottom surface is white.
- the egg slides softly.
- the lower surface is weakly colored.
- the egg whites were cooked according to the process of the invention with the surface No. 3.
- the heating regime is set up for this cooking with this surface No. 3 and the results are satisfactory as indicated in the table above.
- the cooking is stopped when the top of the cod has become completely opaque, and no longer translucent.
- Culinary rendering is evaluated for each test.
- the adhesion and mobility of cod are visually characterized by tilting the article at a low angle of inclination of less than 10 °. n ° of Temperature Anti-stickness Aspect of the food and state of
- the cooking is stopped when the top of the scallop has become completely opaque, and no longer translucent.
- Culinary rendering is evaluated for each test.
- the adhesion and mobility of the scallop are visually characterized by tilting the article at a low angle of inclination of less than 10 °.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1650496A FR3046924B1 (fr) | 2016-01-21 | 2016-01-21 | Procede de cuisson d'un aliment |
| PCT/FR2017/050114 WO2017125688A1 (fr) | 2016-01-21 | 2017-01-19 | Procede de cuisson d'un aliment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3405078A1 true EP3405078A1 (fr) | 2018-11-28 |
Family
ID=55486942
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17706549.7A Withdrawn EP3405078A1 (fr) | 2016-01-21 | 2017-01-19 | Procede de cuisson d'un aliment |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20190174952A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3405078A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN108495581A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3046924B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017125688A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4403597A (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1983-09-13 | Miller Don J | Heat transfer device |
| US6326042B1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 2001-12-04 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Antimicrobial use of heat-treated lactic and/or glycolic acid compositions for treatment of ground meats |
| WO2002012790A1 (fr) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-02-14 | Rational Ag | Procede et dispositif de production de vapeur, en particulier pour un appareil de cuisson |
| WO2005005679A2 (fr) * | 2003-04-28 | 2005-01-20 | Nanosys, Inc. | Surfaces superhydrophobes, methodes de leur construction et leurs utilisations |
| DE102004039793A1 (de) * | 2004-08-16 | 2006-02-23 | CFS Germany GmbH, Niederlassung CSF Wallau | Verarbeitungslinie zum Herstellen von Lebensmitteln |
| ES2320885T3 (es) * | 2004-11-19 | 2009-05-29 | Whirlpool Corporation | Generador de vapor para aparato de cocina. |
| GB2421727B (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2007-11-14 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Method for forming coating material and the material formed thereby |
| DE102005012219A1 (de) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Rational Ag | Beheizbares Gehäuse, Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Dampf und Gargerät |
| GB0610550D0 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2006-07-05 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Ultrahydrophobic surfaces and methods for their production |
| DE102006037057A1 (de) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Linde Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Eintrag einer Mischung aus kryogenen und kryogenen oder nicht-kryogenen Medien in ein Frost- oder Kühlgerät |
| KR101307752B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-10 | 2013-09-11 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 조리기기 및 그 청소방법 |
| JP2008190785A (ja) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-21 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | 蒸気発生装置 |
| FR2915205B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-18 | 2009-11-20 | Seb Sa | Revetement antiadhesif a proprietes hydrophobes ameliorees |
| US9108880B2 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2015-08-18 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Nanostructured superhydrophobic, superoleophobic and/or superomniphobic coatings, methods for fabrication, and applications thereof |
| US8916310B2 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2014-12-23 | Toho Tenax Co., Ltd. | Conductive sheet and production method for same |
| FR2978340A1 (fr) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-02-01 | Seb Sa | Article chauffant comprenant un revetement thermostable microstructure et procede de fabrication d'un tel article |
| US20140044851A1 (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-02-13 | Brian C Kennedy | Temperature regulation system for slow cooker |
-
2016
- 2016-01-21 FR FR1650496A patent/FR3046924B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-01-19 US US16/071,763 patent/US20190174952A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-01-19 EP EP17706549.7A patent/EP3405078A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-01-19 CN CN201780007748.6A patent/CN108495581A/zh active Pending
- 2017-01-19 WO PCT/FR2017/050114 patent/WO2017125688A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108495581A (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
| WO2017125688A1 (fr) | 2017-07-27 |
| FR3046924A1 (fr) | 2017-07-28 |
| FR3046924B1 (fr) | 2018-01-12 |
| US20190174952A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
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