EP3405004B1 - Induktionskochfeld und verfahren zur bedienung eines induktionskochfelds - Google Patents

Induktionskochfeld und verfahren zur bedienung eines induktionskochfelds Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3405004B1
EP3405004B1 EP17170974.4A EP17170974A EP3405004B1 EP 3405004 B1 EP3405004 B1 EP 3405004B1 EP 17170974 A EP17170974 A EP 17170974A EP 3405004 B1 EP3405004 B1 EP 3405004B1
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Prior art keywords
information
voltage
circuit portion
induction
induction hob
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French (fr)
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EP3405004A1 (de
Inventor
Paolo Posa
Gilberto PIN
Enrico Marson
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Electrolux Appliances AB
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Electrolux Appliances AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
    • H05B6/062—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of induction hobs. More specifically, the present invention is related to an induction hob comprising a power circuit in which the functionality of a current transducer is replaced by arithmetic functionality provided by a control entity.
  • Induction hobs for preparing food are well known in prior art.
  • Induction hobs typically comprise at least one induction coil placed below a hob plate in order to heat a piece of cookware.
  • values regarding the peak current flowing through the induction coil and power factor indicating the load of the induction coil are required.
  • Common induction hobs comprise a current transducer based on which peak current flowing through the induction coil and a power factor can be determined.
  • a current transducer is disadvantageous because the total costs and footprint of the power circuit board is increased.
  • Document GB 2 524 102 A discloses a switched mode AC-DC converter.
  • the invention relates to an induction hob comprising a circuitry for powering at least one induction coil.
  • the circuitry comprises a power circuit portion with at least one switching element adapted to provide pulsed electric power to said induction coil and an oscillating circuit portion.
  • Said induction coil is electrically coupled with said power circuit portion and said oscillating circuit portion.
  • the induction hob further comprises a control entity being configured to receive first information correlated with a first voltage provided at said power circuit portion and second information correlated with a second voltage correlated with said oscillating circuit portion.
  • Said control entity is further configured to calculate information regarding a peak value and a power factor of the electric current provided through said induction coil based on said received first and second information.
  • Said induction hob is advantageous because the functionality of the current transducer can be replaced by a mathematical approach, said mathematical approach taking available information of the power circuit of the induction hob.
  • Said control entity is configured to calculate peak current value and power factor value based on said available information. Thereby, the total costs and footprint of the power circuit can be reduced, specifically when using existing resources (e.g. microprocessor etc.) for calculating said values.
  • the said first information is indicative for a voltage provided at a circuit node located between a pair of switching elements.
  • said switching elements may be arranged according to a half-bridge converter and said circuit node is located between the switching elements of the half-bridge converter.
  • the switching elements may be IGBTs (IGBT: insulated-gate bipolar transistor).
  • Said induction coil may be at least indirectly, preferably directly electrically coupled with said circuit node.
  • said first information is calculated by considering information regarding rectified mains voltage and duty cycle information.
  • said second information is indicative for a voltage provided at a circuit node located between a pair of capacitors included in said oscillating circuit.
  • Said circuit node may be used for electrically coupling the induction coil with the oscillating circuit.
  • One capacitor of said pair of capacitors extends between said circuit node and supply voltage wherein the other capacitor of said pair of capacitors extends between said circuit node and ground.
  • said second information is obtained using sensing circuit portion comprising a voltage divider.
  • Said voltage divider may be formed by two or more resistors which allow the measurement of second information.
  • said second information is obtained by sampling the voltage at a circuit node of said oscillating circuit, specifically by sampling the voltage at a circuit node located between a pair of capacitors included in said oscillating circuit. Said sampling may be performed continuously or intermittent (discontinuously). Thereby, system resources can be saved.
  • said second information comprises information regarding the maximum and minimum values of the voltage at a circuit node located between a pair of capacitors included in said oscillating circuit.
  • Said maximum and minimum values may be averaged values e.g. averaged over the half of the mains voltage period.
  • control entity is configured to calculate the power factor based on two or more values of first information and two or more values of second information, wherein the two or more values of first and second information are obtained by driving the induction coil at different frequencies.
  • control entity is configured to calculate the power factor based on an averaged frequency value, said averaged frequency value being obtained by calculating the arithmetic mean of two or more frequency values.
  • control entity is configured to calculate the power factor based on information regarding a load resistance value and a load inductance value, said load resistance value forming the real part and said load inductance value forming the complex part of complex load impedance. Based on said electrical model of the electric load provided by the induction coil (which is loaded by means of the piece of cookware placed above the induction coil) a calculation of the power factor with limited mathematical effort is possible.
  • the induction hob comprises no current transducer electrically coupled with the induction coil, wherein information regarding a peak value and a power factor of the electric current provided through said induction coil are provided by an algorithm considering said first and second information.
  • information regarding a peak value and a power factor of the electric current provided through said induction coil are provided by an algorithm considering said first and second information.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating an induction hob.
  • the induction hob comprises a circuitry for powering at least one induction coil.
  • the circuitry comprises a power circuit portion with at least one switching element adapted to provide pulsed electric power to said induction coil and an oscillating circuit portion, said induction coil being electrically coupled with said power circuit portion and said oscillating circuit.
  • the induction hob comprises a control entity performing the steps of:
  • Power factor refers to a value reflecting the ratio of a real part of a complex impedance and the complex impedance. Based on said power factor, the coupling between the piece of cookware and the induction coil can be assessed.
  • Duty cycle refers to the fraction of one signal period in which a signal is active/high. Specifically, “Duty cycle” according to the present invention refers to the fraction at which the switching element is switched on (high) compared to the whole switching period.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a power circuit 1 of a state-of-the-art induction hob.
  • the power circuit 1 comprises an input stage 2.
  • Said input stage 2 may be coupled with AC mains, e.g. 230V AC mains.
  • Said input stage 2 may be adapted to rectify and/or filter the AC mains voltage.
  • the input stage 2 may comprise a rectification bridge.
  • the power circuit 1 may comprise a coil driver entity 3.
  • the coil driver entity 3 may be adapted to control one or more switching elements 4, 5.
  • Said switching elements 4, 5 may be electrically coupled with said input stage 2 in order to receive rectified AC voltage.
  • said coil driver entity 3 may be electrically coupled with control inputs of said switching elements 4, 5 in order to be able to provide pulsed electrical power to an induction coil 6.
  • Said switching elements 4, 5 may be, for example, IGBTs.
  • the IGBTs may be integrated in a power circuit portion 7, said power circuit portion 7 being configured as a half-bridge converter.
  • a current transducer 8 is provided between said power circuit portion 7 and said induction coil 6, a current transducer 8 is provided.
  • Said current transducer 8 may be adapted to provide information regarding the peak value of the electric current provided through the induction coil 6 (in the following referred to as coil current) and the power factor. More in detail, the coil current may flow through the current transducer 8. Thereby, the current transducer 8 is able to measure/determine the peak value of the coil current and the power factor.
  • the current transducer 8 may be electrically coupled with a circuit node 7a of the power circuit portion 7 which is arranged between the pair of switching elements 4, 5.
  • the induction coil 6 is coupled with an oscillating circuit portion.
  • Said oscillating circuit portion 9 may comprise a pair of capacitors 9.1, 9.2, said capacitors 9.1, 9.2 forming together with the inductivity of the induction coil 6 an electrical resonant or quasi-resonant circuit which enables an oscillating excitation of the induction coil 6.
  • the induction coil 6 may be coupled with a circuit node 9a being arranged between said pair of capacitors 9.1, 9.2.
  • Said transducer 8 may be electrically coupled with a control entity 10 for providing information regarding the peak value of the coil current and the power factor to said control entity 10. Based on said information, the control entity 10 controls the switching elements 4, 5 of the power circuit portion 7.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a power circuit 1a of an induction hob according to the present invention.
  • the basic structure of the power circuit 1a is similar to the structure of the power circuit 1. Therefore, in the following only differences of the power circuit 1a with respect to power circuit 1 are explained. Apart from that, the features described before do also apply to the embodiment of Fig. 2 .
  • the first main difference to the power circuit 1 is that the power circuit 1a does not comprise a current transducer 8. More in detail, the induction coil 6 is directly coupled with the circuit node 7.1 provided between the pair of switching elements 4, 5. A further difference is the voltage divider 11 which is electrically coupled with the circuit node 9a of the oscillating circuit portion 9.
  • the control entity 10 is configured to gather information regarding the peak value of the coil current and the power factor based on a mathematical algorithm. More in detail, the control entity 10 may receive certain information available at the power circuit 1a, e.g. information correlated with the voltage of the circuit node 7a and a voltage of the circuit node 9a.
  • the wording "information correlated with a voltage” may refer to the case that a voltage is tapped at a certain node (e.g. node 7a or 9a) thereby said information being the voltage value at said node.
  • the wording "information correlated with a voltage” may alternatively be indicative for said voltage at said node, but may be derived by an arithmetic operation based on other parameters.
  • the algorithmic implementation (and not based on a current transducer) of providing information regarding the peak value of the coil current and the power factor can be obtained based on several information available at the power circuit 1a or derivable from information available at the power circuit 1a.
  • the voltage V m (middle point voltage) at circuit node 7a (middle point of the half bridge converter) is determined.
  • Voltage V m is typically a rectangular, pulse-width-modulated wave. Its amplitude can be computed considering the voltage V _Main_S provided to the power circuit portion 7 and the related duty cycle.
  • V _Main_S is the rectified sinusoidal wave or a DC-voltage.
  • V m 2 ⁇ V MAIN _ S ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ ⁇ duty ;
  • a voltage V c at a circuit node 9a (node included in the oscillating circuit portion 9) is determined.
  • Said voltage V c may be a voltage which drops at a resonance capacitor C res, 2 9.2 of the oscillating circuit portion 9.
  • the power circuit comprises a sensing circuit portion.
  • Said sensing circuit portion may comprise a voltage divider 11.
  • Voltage V c may be a sinusoidal or essentially sinusoidal AC voltage.
  • peak current I c flowing through the induction coil 6 information regarding the maximum and minimum value of voltage V c are required.
  • Said maximum and minimum values of voltage V c may be obtained by sampling the voltage V c occurring at the sensing circuit portion.
  • the sampling frequency may be, for example, 1MHz or higher in order to obtain a high resolution of the sampled voltage.
  • Said sampling may be obtained continuously or intermittent. For example, one or more periods of voltage V c may be sampled every lOOps (corresponding to a repetition frequency of 10KHz).
  • Fig. 3 shows an equivalent circuit covering the power circuit portion 7, the induction coil 6 and the oscillating circuit 9 of the power circuit 1a according to Fig. 2 .
  • the induction coil 6 is replaced by a load representation modelled by R s and L s .
  • the values of R s and L s depend on the applied frequency, the temperature, the material of the piece of cookware placed on the induction coil and the position of the piece of cookware with respect to the induction coil 6.
  • the load can be modelled based on an equivalent R-L-model.
  • V R S R S ⁇ I R S ;
  • V L S s ⁇ L S ⁇ I L S ;
  • I C s s ⁇ C res , 2 ⁇ V C res , 2 ;
  • V m .1 2 ⁇ V MAIN S , 1 ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ ⁇ duty 1 ;
  • V m .2 2 ⁇ V MAIN S , 2 ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ ⁇ duty 2 ;
  • V c .1 V cMax , 1 ⁇ V cMin , 1 2 ;
  • V c .2 V cMax , 2 ⁇ V cMin , 2 2 ;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Induktionsherd, der eine Schaltungsanordnung (1a) umfasst, um wenigstens eine Induktionsspule (6) mit Leistung zu versorgen, wobei die Schaltungsanordnung (1a) einen Leistungsschaltungsabschnitt (7) mit wenigstens einem Schaltelement (4, 5), der ausgelegt ist, gepulste elektrische Leistung für die Induktionsspule (6) bereitzustellen, und einen Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) umfasst, wobei die Induktionsspule (6) mit dem Leistungsschaltungsabschnitt (7) und dem Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) elektrisch gekoppelt ist, wobei
    der Induktionsherd eine Steuereinheit (10) umfasst, wobei der Induktionsherd dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Steuereinheit (10) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie erste Informationen, die sich auf eine erste Spannung beziehen, die bei dem Leistungsschaltungsabschnitt (7) bereitgestellt wird, und zweite Informationen, die sich auf eine zweite Spannung beziehen, die sich auf den Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) bezieht, erhält, wobei die Steuereinheit (10) ferner so konfiguriert ist, dass sie Informationen bezüglich eines Spitzenwerts und eines Leistungsfaktors des elektrischen Stroms, der durch die Induktionsspule (6) bereitgestellt wird, auf der Basis der erhaltenen ersten und zweiten Informationen berechnet.
  2. Induktionsherd nach Anspruch 1, wobei die ersten Informationen eine Spannung (Vm) anzeigen, die bei einem Schaltungsknoten (7a) vorliegt, der sich zwischen einem Paar Schaltelemente (4, 5) befindet.
  3. Induktionsherd nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die ersten Informationen durch Berücksichtigen von Informationen bezüglich einer gleichgerichteten Netzspannung (Vmain_s) und Tastgradinformationen (duty) berechnet werden.
  4. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die ersten Informationen auf der Basis der folgenden Formel berechnet werden: V m = 2 ⋅ V MAIN _ S π ⋅ sin π ⋅ duty ;
    Figure imgb0034
     wobei
    VMAIN_S der Spitzenwert der gleichgerichteten Netzspannung ist; und
    duty die Tastgradinformationen sind.
  5. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweiten Informationen eine Spannung (Vc) anzeigen, die bei einem Schaltungsknoten (9a) vorliegt, der sich zwischen einem Paar Kondensatoren (Cres,1, Cres,2), die in dem Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) enthalten sind, befindet.
  6. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweiten Informationen erhalten werden, indem ein Messkreisabschnitt verwendet wird, der einen Spannungsteiler (11) umfasst.
  7. Induktionsherd nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, wobei die zweiten Informationen erhalten werden, indem die Spannung (Vc) bei einem Schaltungsknoten (9a) des Schwingkreisabschnitts (9) abgetastet wird, insbesondere durch Abtasten der Spannung (Vc) bei einem Schaltungsknoten (9a), der sich zwischen einem Paar Kondensatoren (Cres,1, Cres,2), das in dem Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) enthalten ist, befindet.
  8. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweiten Informationen Informationen bezüglich der Maximal- und Minimalwerte der Spannung (Vc) an einem Schaltungsknoten (9a) umfassen, der sich zwischen einem Paar Kondensatoren (Cres,1, Cres,2), die in dem Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) enthalten sind, befindet.
  9. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Steuereinheit (11) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie den Spitzenwert des elektrischen Stroms, der durch die Induktionsspule (6) bereitgestellt wird, auf der Basis der folgenden Formel berechnet: I C = 2 ⁢ π ⁢ f V C , max − V C , min C res , 2 ,
    Figure imgb0035
     wobei:
    f die Frequenz des Wechselstroms ist, der für die Induktionsspule bereitgestellt wird;
    Vc,max der Maximalwert der Spannung ist, die an einem Knoten zwischen einem Paar Kondensatoren, das in dem Schwingkreis enthalten ist, bereitgestellt wird;
    Vc,min der Minimalwert der Spannung ist, die an einem Knoten zwischen einem Paar Kondensatoren, das in dem Schwingkreis enthalten ist, bereitgestellt wird; und
    Cres,2 der Kapazitätswert eines Resonanzkondensators ist, der in dem Schwingkreis enthalten ist.
  10. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Steuereinheit (11) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie den Leistungsfaktor auf der Basis von zwei oder mehreren Werten der ersten Informationen und zwei oder mehreren Werten der zweiten Informationen berechnet, wobei die zwei oder mehreren Werte der ersten und der zweiten Informationen durch Ansteuern der Induktionsspule (6) bei verschiedenen Frequenzen erhalten werden.
  11. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Steuereinheit (11) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie den Leistungsfaktor auf der Basis eines gemittelten Frequenzwerts berechnet, wobei der gemittelte Frequenzwert erhalten wird, indem das arithmetische Mittel von zwei oder mehreren Frequenzwerten berechnet wird.
  12. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Steuereinheit (11) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie den Leistungsfaktor auf der Basis von Informationen berechnet, die sich auf einen Lastwiderstandswert (RS) und einen Lastinduktivitätswert (LS) beziehen, wobei der Lastwiderstandswert (RS) den Realteil bildet und der Lastinduktivitätswert (LS) den komplexen Teil einer komplexen Lastimpedanz bildet.
  13. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Steuereinheit (11) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie den Leistungsfaktor auf der Basis der folgenden Formel berechnet: cos ⁢ φ = R S R S 2 + ω av L S − 1 ω av 2 C res 2 2
    Figure imgb0036
     wobei:
    RS der Lastwiderstandswert ist;
    LS der Lastinduktivitätswert ist;
    ωav ein gemittelter Frequenzwert ist; und
    Cres der Kapazitätswert des Kondensators ist, der in dem Schwingkreis enthalten ist.
  14. Induktionsherd nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, der keinen Stromwandler, der mit der Induktionsspule (6) elektrisch gekoppelt ist, umfasst, wobei Informationen bezüglich eines Spitzenwerts und eines Leistungsfaktors des elektrischen Stroms, der durch die Induktionsspule bereitgestellt wird, durch einen Algorithmus bereitgestellt werden, der die ersten und zweiten Informationen berücksichtigt.
  15. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Induktionsherds, wobei der Induktionsherd eine Schaltungsanordnung (1a) umfasst, um wenigstens eine Induktionsspule (6) mit Leistung zu versorgen, wobei die Schaltungsanordnung (1a) einen Leistungsschaltungsabschnitt (7) mit wenigstens einem Schaltelement (4, 5), der ausgelegt ist, gepulste elektrische Leistung für die Induktionsspule (6) bereitzustellen, und einen Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) umfasst, wobei die Induktionsspule (6) mit dem Leistungsschaltungsabschnitt (7) und dem Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) elektrisch gekoppelt ist, wobei der Induktionsherd eine Steuereinheit (11) umfasst, die die folgenden Schritte ausführt:
    - Erhalten erster Informationen, die einer ersten Spannung (Vm) zugeordnet sind, die bei dem Leistungsschaltungsabschnitt (7) bereitgestellt wird;
    - Erhalten zweiter Informationen, die einer zweiten Spannung (VC) zugeordnet sind, die dem Schwingkreisabschnitt (9) zugeordnet ist;
    - Berechnen von Informationen bezüglich eines Spitzenwerts und eines Leistungsfaktors des elektrischen Stroms, der durch die Induktionsspule bereitgestellt wird, auf der Basis der erhaltenen ersten und zweiten Informationen.
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EP3799524B1 (de) * 2019-09-30 2022-12-07 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Verfahren zum bestimmen der eigenschaften von elektrischem strom, der einem induktionsheizelement zugeführt wird

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EP2034801B1 (de) * 2007-09-05 2012-10-31 Whirlpool Corporation Verbessertes Induktionskochgerät und Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Kochfähigkeit eines Kochgeschirrs
US9596721B2 (en) * 2013-01-14 2017-03-14 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Method for protecting switching elements in an induction heating system
GB2524102A (en) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 Eisergy Ltd A switched mode AC-DC converter

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