Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
  • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
  • H02K7/1021—Magnetically influenced friction brakes
  • H02K7/1023—Magnetically influenced friction brakes using electromagnets
  • H02K7/1025—Magnetically influenced friction brakes using electromagnets using axial electromagnets with generally annular air gap
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
  • F16D59/02—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed spring-loaded and adapted to be released by mechanical, fluid, or electromagnetic means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
  • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
  • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
  • H02K7/1021—Magnetically influenced friction brakes
  • H02K7/1023—Magnetically influenced friction brakes using electromagnets
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
  • F16D2121/14—Mechanical
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
  • F16D2121/14—Mechanical
  • F16D2121/16—Mechanical for releasing a normally applied brake
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
  • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
  • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
  • F16D2121/22—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets for releasing a normally applied brake
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
  • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
  • F16D2125/58—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
  • F16D2125/64—Levers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the brakes for electric motors.
• the motors are equipped with power-down brakes, which block the motor rotor when they stop being electrically powered.
• These brakes conventionally comprise a fixed yoke relative to the motor housing, which houses a coil, and a movable armature that can be moved under the effect of a magnetic field generated by the coil. Return springs urge the armature to hold it in the locked position of the rotor when the coil is not energized. To release the brake, a current is sent into the coil, which moves the armature from its blocking position, against the spring return action.
• the engines are often equipped with several redundant brakes.
• the brakes are thus stacked axially or arranged side by side on either side of the rotor shaft.
• DE 7146345 discloses a brake comprising a movable armature.
• EP 1 715 564 A2 discloses an engine equipped with two brakes, each in the form of a stirrup, with two moving armatures and two independent fixed yokes.
• EP 1 883 756 A2 describes an engine equipped with two independent brakes, each with a movable armature and a fixed yoke.
• the yokes have a rectangular shape, and the coils an elliptical or annular shape.
• the known brakes are relatively noisy.
• the invention achieves this goal by means of a rotating electric machine brake comprising a rotor having a shaft, the brake comprising:
• At least one yoke movable between a braking position of the machine shaft and a position of free rotation of the shaft
• the armature being arranged so that the excitation of the coil causes a reconciliation of the yoke of the armature and moves the cylinder head away from the brake disc.
• the speed of the bolt is lower because it takes longer to accelerate.
• the brake can use a single disc, which reduces weight and bulk.
• the elastic return system is interposed between the armature and the cylinder head. It is constituted for example by several helical springs. These springs can be housed in the thickness of a wall of the cylinder head which defines the housing receiving the coil. When this housing has an elongated shape, the springs are preferably arranged along the long sides of the cylinder head. The springs are advantageously received in blind holes of the cylinder head.
• the yoke is open towards the armature. This makes it easier to provide the bolt with a clean surface to contact the brake lining of the brake disc.
• an operating lever may be provided to act on the yoke through the frame, for example being engaged under a screw head fixed on the yoke and protruding from the yoke.
• armature opposite the motor housing. This lever can, when it is actuated, be supported on the frame, in particular via a plate which it is secured at its base, to pull the breech.
• the frame may have substantially the same outer contour as the breech.
• the armature and / or the cylinder head may in particular have a substantially polygonal contour.
• the coil is elongated.
• the cylinder head is preferably a casting, which allows to achieve it at a lower cost. It is the same with the frame.
• the frame can carry removable caps that face the breech housing that can receive additional compression springs of the elastic return system, thereby increasing the braking torque without having to disassemble the brake.
• the invention also relates to an electric rotary machine comprising at least one brake according to the invention, as defined above.
• the brake is multiple, preferably double, that is to say that the machine comprises at least two identical brake units disposed on either side of the axis of the rotor.
• the brake comprises a plurality of yokes, in particular two yokes disposed on either side of the axis of the rotor, and a reinforcement common to them.
• Such an armature may comprise two parts arranged on either side of the rotor axis, connected by bridges of material, preferably integral with said parts. Each part of the frame is associated with a corresponding breech.
• the or each brake may have its armature fixed to the housing of the machine by screws and spacers between which and / or on which moves the corresponding yoke.
• damping elements are interposed between the yoke and the housing on the one hand, and the yoke and the frame on the other hand.
• damping elements are preferably constituted by rings of an elastically deformable material, such as an elastomer, engaged on the spacers.
• the damping element is constituted by an O-ring disposed between the yoke and the armature
• the invention applies to any rotary electrical machine, but is particularly suitable for those for which the rotor drives a winch or a pulley.
• the brake disc is axially movable on the shaft of the machine, thanks to a grooved connection for example.
• FIG. 1 represents in isolation and in perspective a brake produced according to a first example of implementation of the invention
• FIG. 2 shows the brake of FIG. 1 from another angle of view, after the removal of certain components, in particular from the yoke of one of the brake units,
• FIG. 3 partially and schematically represents, in perspective, the brake of FIG. 1 with certain components removed, in particular the armature,
• FIG. 4 is another partial schematic view of the brake of FIG. 1, reinforcement and coil removed, FIG. 5 schematically and partially, in perspective, an example of an engine equipped with a second example of a brake according to the invention, and
• FIG. 6 is a schematic axial section of a brake unit of FIG. 5.
• FIGS. 1 to 4 show a brake 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• This brake 10 is intended to equip an electric motor not shown in the figures, comprising a rotor rotating with a shaft relative to a housing on which the brake is fixed.
• the rotor can be wound and / or permanent magnet or squirrel cage.
• the shaft rotates a brake disc which carries brake linings 21 and 22.
• the brake disk is connected to the shaft by a splined connection, which allows it to transmit the braking torque to the shaft while being able to move axially with respect thereto.
• the brake 10 comprises two identical brake units 30, which share a common armature 34, divided into two parts 34a and 34b connected by material bridges 34c. Parts 34a and 34b are respectively associated with brake units 30.
• Each brake unit 30 comprises a yoke 31 which has a housing 32 open on the opposite side to the housing.
• a coil 33 of elongate shape is received in the housing 32.
• the yoke 31 is for example made of magnetic iron.
• the yoke 31 is made with a bundle of assembled magnetic sheets, like the sheet packs of the rotors or stators conventionally used.
• the armature 34 is fixed on the casing of the machine by means of screws 36 and spacers 37.
• Each yoke 31 is located between the frame 34 and the housing, and it is biased against the housing by compression springs 38, apparent in FIG. 4.
• springs 38 are housed in blind holes 41 machined in the peripheral wall 42 of the yoke 31, which delimits laterally the housing 32.
• the springs 38 are for example twelve in number for each yoke 31, being distributed in two groups of three along the long sides of the cylinder head 31.
• the yoke 31 approaches by magnetic attraction of the armature 34 and away from the brake disk 20, which is released and can rotate freely again.
• the yoke 31 has extensions 51 at its longitudinal ends, which are traversed by the spacers 37, as can be seen in Figure 2 in particular.
• Damping elements constituted by rings 53 of an elastically deformable material are mounted on each spacer 37 on either side of the corresponding extension 51.
• One of the rings 53 thus interposes axially between the yoke 31 and the frame 34 and the other ring 53 between the yoke 31 and the casing 7.
• These rings 53 do not prevent the axial displacement of the yoke 31 between the braking and free rotation positions, but allow to dampen the movement of the cylinder head at the end of travel and further reduce the operating noise.
• a lever 60 visible in particular in Figure 3, is provided.
• This lever 60 comprises at its base a plate 61 provided with two openings 62 for engaging between the head 64 of screw 65 and the outer face 66 of the frame 34.
• the screws 65 are each fixed in a corresponding yoke 31, as can be seen in particular in Figure 4, and through the armature 34 in favor of bores of sufficient diameter.
• the openings 62 do not hinder the pivoting of the wafer 61, because they are open in the opposite direction to the lever 60.
• the armature carries plugs 70, visible in particular in Figure 1, which are accessible through corresponding openings 73 of the armature 34.
• These plugs 70 face housing 75 of the breech, constituted by blind holes, which can receive additional compression springs that increase the braking torque. It is possible to add these springs without disassembling the brake, by removing the plugs 70, by introducing the springs, then by replacing the plugs 70. The springs then bear against the plugs 70.
• the two brake units 30 share the same reinforcement 34, this being made in the form of a single piece by casting, for example.
• each brake unit 30 with a clean armature 34, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
• each brake unit 30 can be put in place and removed independently of the other unit.
• the brake can be made with more than two brake units or alternatively with a single unit.
• the cylinder head is for example ring-shaped.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=55590019

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2015
  • 2015-12-23 FR FR1563253A patent/FR3046307B1/fr active Active
• 2016
  • 2016-12-14 US US16/065,866 patent/US20190013715A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-12-14 EP EP16809097.5A patent/EP3394963A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-12-14 CN CN201680075315.XA patent/CN108475965A/zh active Pending
  • 2016-12-14 WO PCT/EP2016/080969 patent/WO2017108527A1/fr unknown

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