EP3394209A1 - Procédé de préparation d'un matériau de bitume solide à température ambiante - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation d'un matériau de bitume solide à température ambianteInfo
- Publication number
- EP3394209A1 EP3394209A1 EP16826429.9A EP16826429A EP3394209A1 EP 3394209 A1 EP3394209 A1 EP 3394209A1 EP 16826429 A EP16826429 A EP 16826429A EP 3394209 A1 EP3394209 A1 EP 3394209A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bitumen
- emulsion
- solid
- silicon oxide
- drops
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C3/00—Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen
- C10C3/14—Solidifying, Disintegrating, e.g. granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/40—Mixtures based upon bitumen or asphalt containing functional additives
- C08L2555/50—Inorganic non-macromolecular ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/40—Mixtures based upon bitumen or asphalt containing functional additives
- C08L2555/50—Inorganic non-macromolecular ingredients
- C08L2555/52—Aggregate, e.g. crushed stone, sand, gravel or cement
Definitions
- the present invention is in the technical field of bitumens. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for obtaining bitumen in divided form, solid at room temperature, and the material thus obtained.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing asphalt from solid bitumen according to the invention and a method for transporting and / or storing solid road asphalt at ambient temperature according to the invention.
- Bitumen is a material used in very large quantities as a building material. Combined with aggregates, fines or reinforcements, bitumen is used, for example, for the production of road pavements and waterproofing screeds on roofs or in retention basins.
- the bitumen is generally in the form of a black material having a high viscosity, even solid at ambient temperature, and which becomes fluid upon heating.
- bitumen In general, bitumen is stored and transported hot, in bulk, in tanker trucks or by boats at high temperatures in the range of 120 ° C to 160 ° C.
- the storage and transport of hot bitumen have certain disadvantages.
- the transport of hot bitumen in liquid form is considered dangerous and it is very framed from a regulatory point of view. This mode of transport presents no particular difficulties when the equipment and the transport infrastructures are in good condition. Otherwise, it can become problematic: if the tanker is not sufficiently insulated, the viscosity of the bitumen may increase during a trip too long. Delivery distances for bitumen are therefore limited.
- the maintenance of bitumen at high temperatures in tanks or tank trucks consumes energy. In addition, maintaining the bitumen at elevated temperatures for a long time may affect the properties of the bitumen and thus change the final performance of the bitumen.
- bitumen in the form of an emulsion whose viscosity is lower than that of the bitumen.
- this implementation emulsion implies a high water content which is not attractive for transport. It is difficult to concentrate the bitumen in emulsions above 80%.
- bitumen at room temperature in metal drums As an example of packaging for the cold transport currently used, there may be mentioned the packaging of bitumen at room temperature in metal drums. This means is increasingly questionable from an environmental point of view because the bitumen stored in the barrels must be reheated before use as a road binder. However, this operation is difficult to implement for this type of packaging and the drums are a waste after use. On the other hand, the storage of bitumen at room temperature in drums leads to losses because the bitumen is very viscous and part of the product remains on the walls of the drum when transferring to the tanks of the production units of the mix. As for handling and transporting bituminous products in these drums, they may be difficult and dangerous if specialized drum handling equipment is not available at the carriers or where the bitumen is used.
- bitumen in the form of granules transported and / or stored in bags, often used in places where the ambient temperature is high. These granules have the advantage of being easily manipulated.
- US 3,026,568 discloses bitumen granules coated with a powdery material, such as limestone powder. Nevertheless, this type of granular bitumen does not prevent the flow of bitumen, especially at high ambient temperature.
- US Pat. No. 5,637,350 describes a bitumen in the form of nuggets in which the bitumen is encapsulated in an impermeable and insoluble shell in water. These nuggets of bitumen are obtained by vaporizing the bitumen in the molten state to form drops, then coating these drops with an impermeable and insoluble coating in water.
- bitumen pellets are obtained by mixing the liquid bitumen with a thickening compound and then a hardening compound with passage through a granulator. Once in solid form, the bitumen can advantageously be transported at ambient temperature without particular precautions, for example in bags.
- An additional difficulty lies in the fact that it is desired to be able to transport the bitumen in solid form even when the external temperature is very high.
- the document WO2015 / 104518 describes a process for obtaining a solid bitumen material, which consists in preparing an emulsion of drops of bitumen in an aqueous phase stabilized by a mixture of at least two types of solid particles, possibly forming a hull around the drops of bitumen, then to dry the suspension.
- This method optionally comprises the formation of a silicon oxide-based shell around the drops of bitumen, this shell resulting from the reaction of a silicon oxide precursor in an acidic aqueous medium to form a gel around the drops of bitumen.
- the pH used to carry out this step are generally less than 1, the condensation reaction being favored by pH values distant from the isoelectric point of the silica which is 2.1.
- US patent application US 2012/0128747 describes a material in the form of solid particles consisting of a continuous bark comprising silicon oxide containing a core comprising at least one crystallizable oil having a point. melting point below 100 ° C. These particles are designed to allow the encapsulation of one or more molecules of interest and their controlled release. Also in this document, very low pHs are used to achieve encapsulation. In addition, a bitumen composition is much more complex than a crystallizable oil. The extrapolation of operating conditions known to operate on the encapsulation of crystallizable oils does not give satisfactory results on all the bitumen compositions.
- JP 2004 091761 discloses a bitumen emulsion comprising an emulsifying agent and a colloidal silica whose function is to reduce the tackiness of the bitumen after application. This document does not teach the formation of solid bitumen granules.
- US 1,738,776 discloses aqueous bitumen dispersions having improved stability through the addition of silica gel, which is employed in addition to conventional stabilizers such as clays. This document does not relate to a process for preparing a solid bitumen material at room temperature.
- US 5,382,348 discloses a process for preparing bitumen granules, which process comprises atomizing the hot liquid bitumen in the presence of a separating agent which may be silica.
- bitumen emulsions stabilized by surfactants and not by solid particles
- bitumen emulsion was destabilized by these operating conditions. These conditions do not lead to satisfactory completion of the formation of a solid bitumen in divided form.
- the object of the invention is to overcome these problems and to provide a process which makes it possible, from a bitumen emulsion, to form a shell based on silicon oxide around bitumen drops, whatever the nature of the bitumen. asphalt emulsion.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a solid bitumen material at room temperature, said method comprising at least the steps of: a) preparing a stabilized emulsion of bitumen drops in an aqueous phase having a pH of 2 to 4 ,
- step b) mineralizing the emulsion of bitumen drops of step a), with the sol or silica gel of step b),
- step d) mineralizing the emulsion of bitumen drops resulting from step c) at a pH of less than or equal to 1 with a second precursor of silicon oxide,
- bitumen emulsion of step a) is stabilized with a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants chosen from amphoteric, nonionic and cationic surfactants.
- bitumen emulsion of step a) is stabilized by a cationic surfactant chosen from: a salt of an amine compound chosen from alkylamine salts; polyamine salts; polyamidoamine salts; alkylamidopolyamine salts; alkylpropylenepolyamine salts; imidazoline salts; quaternary ammonium salts; and their mixtures.
- a cationic surfactant chosen from: a salt of an amine compound chosen from alkylamine salts; polyamine salts; polyamidoamine salts; alkylamidopolyamine salts; alkylpropylenepolyamine salts; imidazoline salts; quaternary ammonium salts; and their mixtures.
- the drops of the bitumen emulsion of step a) have a diameter ranging from 1 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ , preferably from 1 ⁇ to 70 ⁇ , more preferably from 1 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ .
- the first and second silicon oxide precursors are chosen from alkoxysilanes, preferably from the group consisting of tetraalkoxysilanes; trialkoxysilanes; dialkoxysilanes; and their mixtures.
- the first and second precursors of silicon oxide are chosen from the group consisting of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) pyrrole, 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) propyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES), and mixtures thereof.
- the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to a value ranging from 2 to 2.5.
- step b) the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to a value ranging from 2 to 2.5.
- step d) the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to a value less than or equal to 0.5.
- step e) comprises at least:
- step e" consisting of a drying of the material obtained in e ')
- the drying is carried out by atomization, filtration or freeze-drying.
- bitumen of step a) comprises less than 1.4% of solid particles by weight relative to the total weight of bitumen base.
- the invention also relates to a solid bitumen material obtainable by the method described above, this material being in the form of particles comprising a core and a coating layer in which:
- the core comprises at least one bitumen base
- the coating layer is based on silica
- the core comprises less than 1, 4% of solid particles by mass relative to the total mass of bitumen base.
- the material of the invention is in powder form.
- the material of the invention comprises from 5 to 35% by weight of silica relative to the total mass of the material, preferably from 5 to 30%, more preferably from 10 to 25%.
- the invention further relates to the use of solid bitumen as described above as a road binder.
- the use relates to the manufacture of asphalt.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing mixes comprising at least one road binder and aggregates, the road binder being chosen from solid bitumens as described above, this process comprising at least the steps of:
- the method does not include a heating step of the road binder before mixing with the aggregates.
- said road bitumen is transported and / or stored as solid bitumen at room temperature as described above.
- the method of the invention has many advantages: it is simple to implement, it is applicable to any type of bitumen emulsion, in particular to emulsions stabilized by surfactants and not comprising particles to allow their stabilization, it leads in a few steps to a material which is solid and in the form of finely divided particles, the size of the particles being adjustable by means of the parameters of the process.
- the material obtained by the process of the invention has the following advantages: it is thermally stable, in particular at high temperatures, and advantageously for a temperature up to 100 ° C.
- the bitumen material solid of the invention does not stick and has good flowability, which facilitates handling for loading and / or unloading, during its transportation, storage and / or use.
- the solid bitumen material according to the invention under elevated temperature and under mechanical shear is easily leachable in liquid form at the temperatures of use of said material.
- use temperature means temperatures between 100 ° C and 180 ° C, preferably between 120 ° C and 160 ° C, more preferably between 140 ° C and 160 ° C.
- the solid bitumen material can thus, once transported, recover by heating a liquid form adapted to its use and whose properties are not modified.
- the release of the solid bitumen composition according to the invention is carried out by contacting with hot aggregates and under mechanical shear, without pre-heating the solid bitumen composition.
- bitumen compositions in a divided, solid form at room temperature, having a core / shell structure, in which the core is based on bitumen and the Coating layer gives the overall structure improved properties over known bitumen granules of the prior art.
- Ambient temperature means the temperature resulting from the climatic conditions in which the road bitumen is transported and / or stored. More precisely, the ambient temperature is equivalent to the temperature reached during the transport and / or the storage of the road bitumen, it being understood that the ambient temperature implies that no heat input is produced, other than that resulting from the climatic conditions.
- the invention relates to bitumens capable of being subjected to a high ambient temperature, in particular a temperature below 100 ° C, preferably from 20 ° C to 80 ° C.
- solid refers macroscopically to the quality of a material having a shape and a volume of its own.
- solid bitumen at ambient temperature is meant a bitumen having a solid appearance at ambient temperature regardless of the transport and / or storage conditions. More specifically, the term solid bitumen at temperature ambient, a bitumen that retains its solid appearance throughout transport and / or storage at room temperature, that is to say, a bitumen that does not flow at room temperature under its own weight and more, which does not flue not when subjected to pressure forces from transport and / or storage conditions.
- solid bitumen material is meant, for example, powders, granules, particles, cakes or granular bitumen pastes.
- mineralization is meant, in the sense of the present invention, a treatment with a sol or a silica gel under conditions making it possible to form an at least partial coating based on silicon oxide around emulsion bitumen drops.
- the invention relates first of all to a process for preparing a solid bitumen material at ambient temperature, this process using a bitumen emulsion in aqueous phase.
- the method of the invention comprises firstly the preparation of a bitumen emulsion in acidic aqueous phase, so as to form drops of bitumen.
- the process of the invention makes it possible, by reacting a silicon oxide precursor in an acidic aqueous medium, to obtain particles formed of a core comprising bitumen and a shell comprising silicon oxide.
- the shell is preferably an essentially inorganic shell of silicon oxide.
- the formation of the silicon oxide-based shell is carried out in two steps, a first step at a moderately acidic pH, and then a second step at a more acidic pH.
- the material obtained is then separated from the aqueous phase and dried by means known to those skilled in the art.
- This route comprises the preparation of a sol containing at least one precursor of silicon oxide, the hydrolysis and condensation of these precursors under acid catalysis, then a maturation step leading to the formation of a gel.
- the two successive stages of mineralization of the bitumen drops by silicon oxide differ in particular by the pH conditions to which they are carried out.
- bitumen At the end of the step of bringing into contact in a moderately acid aqueous phase, the emulsion of bitumen and the previously prepared sol or silica gel, a suspension of bitumen is obtained.
- step a) may be performed after step b), or extemporaneously with the completion of step b).
- a stabilized emulsion of drops of bitumen is prepared in an aqueous phase having a pH ranging from 2 to 4.
- Bitumen is a heavy product that can come from different origins.
- bitumen includes naturally occurring bitumens, synthetic bitumens and modified bitumens, and mixtures thereof.
- Bitumen of natural origin include those contained in natural bitumen, natural asphalt or oil sands deposits.
- Synthetic bitumens can be selected from bitumens derived from refining crude oil, for example during atmospheric and / or vacuum distillation of petroleum. These bitumens may optionally be blown, visbroken and / or deasphalted.
- Synthetic bitumens can also be obtained by mixing different refining effluents such as deasphalting products, visbreaking residues, blowing products and / or natural asphalt, possibly associating them with the distillation residues above.
- the bitumens may be hard grade or soft grade bitumens.
- the modified bitumens may be fluxed bitumens by the addition of volatile solvents, petroleum fluxes and / or fluxes of plant origin.
- the fluxing agents used may comprise C 6 to C 24 fatty acids in acid, ester or amide form. combination with a hydrocarbon cut.
- the modified bitumens may also be bitumen / polymer mixtures.
- polymers for bitumen mention may be made of elastomers such as copolymers SB (block copolymer of styrene and butadiene), SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer), SIS (styrene-isoprene copolymer).
- polystyrene polyethylenes PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), plastomers such as EVA (polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), EMA (polyethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer), copolymers of olefins and unsaturated carboxylic esters such as EBA (polyethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer), elastomeric polyolefin copolymers, polyolefin-type polyolefins, copolymers of ethylene and esters of acrylic acid, me
- additives may be added to modify the mechanical characteristics of a bitumen. It is for example vulcanizing agents and / or crosslinking agents capable of reacting with a polymer, when it is an elastomer and / or a plastomer, which can be functionalized and / or may include reactive sites.
- vulcanizing agents examples include those based on sulfur and its derivatives, used to crosslink an elastomer at contents of 0.01% to 30% by weight relative to the weight of elastomer.
- crosslinking agents mention may be made of cationic crosslinking agents such as mono or poly acids, or carboxylic anhydrides, carboxylic acid esters, sulphonic, sulfuric or phosphoric acids, or even acid chlorides, phenols. , at contents of 0.01% to 30% by weight relative to the weight of polymer.
- These agents are capable of reacting with the elastomer and / or the functionalized plastomer. They can be used in addition to or in replacement of vulcanizing agents.
- additives known to those skilled in the art, such as driers, which can ensure the increase in cohesion in time of the fluxed binder and the additives for emulsifying the bitumen.
- Adhesive dopes such as amines or polyamines and / or surfactants; waxes of animal, vegetable or hydrocarbon origin; paraffins such as polymethylene paraffins and polyethylene paraffins; fluxes such as oils based on animal and / or vegetable fats or hydrocarbon oils of petroleum origin; resins of vegetable origin such as rosins; anti-foam additives; detergent and / or anti-corrosion additives; lubricant additives or anti-wear agents; crystallization modifying additives; additives inhibiting paraffin deposits; pour point depressant additives; the modifiers of low temperature rheology; antioxidants; metal passivators; acid neutralizers; additives to lower the mixing temperature of asphalt and asphalt; additives for improving the adhesion of bituminous binders to fillers and aggregates such as polyisobutylene succinimides; acids such as polyphosphoric acid or diacids, in particular fatty diacids; vulcanization accelerators such as zinc-2-mercapto
- bitumen emulsion is stabilized by surfactants.
- bitumen to be emulsified Depending on the bitumen to be emulsified and the surfactant (s) chosen, the skilled person with his general knowledge is able to determine the pH of the aqueous phase of the bitumen emulsion to obtain an emulsion of bitumen drops stabilized by surfactants.
- step a) comprises at least: a substep a ') consisting of the preparation of an emulsion of drops of bitumen in an aqueous phase stabilized with surfactants,
- a substep a ") consisting in the addition of a supplementary amount of surfactants to the bitumen emulsion prepared in the substep a ').
- the surfactants added in step a ") are in aqueous acidic solution.
- the addition of an additional amount of surfactant to the substep a ") makes it possible to aggregate the drops of bitumen obtained in the substep a ') between them in order to control the size of the aggregates of the drops of bitumen in emulsion .
- the surfactants used for the preparation of the emulsion of drops of bitumen are preferably chosen from amphoteric, nonionic and cationic surfactants, as well as their mixtures.
- the cationic surfactants are advantageously salts of amine compounds chosen from alkylamine salts; polyamine salts; polyamidoamine salts; alkylamidopolyamine salts; alkylpropylenepolyamine salts such as the salts of N tallowpropylenepolyamines; imidazoline salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts such as, for example, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) or alkylbenzyldimethylammonium salts; and their mixtures.
- TTAB tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- the cationic surfactant is tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB).
- amphoteric surfactants are advantageously chosen from alkyl amino acids or betaines.
- the nonionic surfactants are advantageously the alkyl phenols ethoxylated.
- the amount of surfactant used at this stage can range from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the total mass of the emulsion, preferably from 0.3 to 8%, more preferably from 2 to 7% by weight. %.
- the amount of surfactant is from 0.5 to 30% by weight relative to the base weight of bitumen, more preferably from 0.5 to 20%, more preferably from 1 to 10%.
- the bitumen emulsion has no or few solid particles for stabilizing the emulsion, whether mineral or organic particles.
- solid particles for stabilizing the emulsion, whether mineral or organic particles.
- the emulsion of bitumen in an aqueous phase is stabilized by solid particles.
- This type of emulsion commonly called Pickering emulsion
- patent application FR 2 852 964 describes the preparation of an emulsion of bitumen using a solid mineral material having a particle size ranging from 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m.
- International application WO2015 / 104518 discloses a solid bitumen emulsion stabilized by a mixture of at least two types of solid particles.
- the particles used may be inorganic or organic particles.
- the solid particles are preferably selected from the group consisting of oxide particles, hydroxide particles and silicon or metal sulphate particles. More preferably, the solid particles are selected from the group consisting of particles of silicon oxide, titanium, zirconium and iron, their salts such as silicates and carbon particles.
- the organic particles there may be mentioned in particular polymeric particles, for example particles of latex or cellulose, lignin.
- At least one surfactant compound is added to the aqueous medium before the reaction of the emulsion of bitumen drops with the sol or silica gel.
- the surfactant compound may be as defined above in step a).
- the concentration of surfactant compound in the medium may be between 0.5 to 30% by weight relative to the base weight bitumen, more preferably from 0.5 to 20%, more preferably from 1 to 10%> .
- the acidic aqueous phase of the bitumen emulsion of step a) is obtained by adding a strong acid, for example hydrochloric acid.
- the amount of acid added is calculated so that the pH of the medium is preferably from 2 to 4, more preferably from 2 to 3, more preferably from 2 to 2.5.
- the aqueous phase of the emulsion of bitumen is acidified at a higher pH, especially at a pH greater than or equal to the isoelectric point of the silica, greater than or equal to 2.1.
- the Applicant has found that the acidification of the emulsion of bitumen drops of step a) at a pH of less than 2 resulted in destabilization of the aqueous emulsion of bitumen and did not allow the formation of a composition of solid bitumen at room temperature, in divided form, with a core / shell structure having satisfactory use properties, when the bitumen emulsion is essentially stabilized by surfactants and not by particles.
- step a which consists in preparing a stabilized emulsion of bitumen drops in an acidic aqueous phase, in particular an aqueous phase having a pH ranging from 2 to 4, can be carried out by emulsifying at a temperature of using a mechanical stirrer an aqueous mixture comprising the acidic aqueous additive solution of surfactants and bitumen.
- Mechanical agitation devices well known to those skilled in the art, such as Emulbitume® and Atomix®, can be used.
- the bitumen may be preheated to reduce its viscosity, preferably at a temperature between 100 ° C and 180 ° C, preferably between 120 ° C and 160 ° C, and more preferably between 140 ° C and 160 ° vs.
- An aqueous mixture comprising the acidic aqueous phase with added surfactants and the bitumen can be obtained by pouring the hot bitumen into an aqueous acidic composition comprising the emulsifying and stabilizing materials, especially the surfactants.
- the aqueous composition is preheated to a temperature between 30 ° C and 95 ° C to prevent the liquid bitumen solidifies immediately in contact with the aqueous phase.
- a stabilized emulsion of drops of bitumen in an acidic aqueous phase is obtained, in particular an aqueous phase having a pH ranging from 2 to 4.
- These drops may have a diameter ranging from 1 ⁇ to 100. ⁇ , preferably from 1 ⁇ to 70 ⁇ , more preferably from 1 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ .
- the size of the solid bitumen particles may be adjusted in a manner known to those skilled in the art depending on the size of the desired bitumen drops, in particular by the addition of surfactants and / or by stirring the emulsion so as to favor the agglomeration of the drops.
- the emulsion may have a mass content of bitumen ranging from 1% to 90% by weight, preferably from 10% to 80% by weight, and more preferably from 20% to 70% by weight relative to the total mass of the emulsion.
- step a) The emulsion of stabilized bitumen drops obtained in step a) can be used as it directly in step c).
- the first precursor of silicon oxide may be chosen from alkoxysilanes, preferably from the group consisting of:
- tetraalkoxysilanes for example tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS);
- trialkoxysilanes for example (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) pyrrole, 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) -propyltriethoxysilane, N- ( 2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane;
- dialkoxysilanes for example dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES);
- the precursor of silicon oxide may be chosen from the group consisting of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, N- ( 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) pyrrole, 3- (2,4-dinitro-phenylamino) -propyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES), and mixtures thereof.
- TMOS tetramethoxysilane
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- DMDES dimethyldiethoxysilane
- the precursor of silicon oxide is advantageously TEOS.
- the sol or silica gel is advantageously prepared by using from 5 to 25% by weight of silicon oxide precursor relative to the sum of the masses of the water and the precursor.
- the sol or silica gel is advantageously prepared by introducing the precursor of silicon oxide in a water with a pH ranging from 2 to 4, advantageously from 2 to 2.5.
- the mixture of water and silicon oxide precursor is then stirred until a homogeneous phase is obtained.
- the precursor is subjected to an acid hydrolysis, it forms a hydrolysis residue, ethanol in the case of TEOS, which evaporates by stirring the mixture in an open system.
- the mixture is allowed to stir until complete or almost complete evaporation of the hydrolysis residue, and in particular ethanol.
- the reaction of the silicon oxide precursor in an aqueous acid medium allows the formation of a sol which turns into a gel by maturation.
- the amounts of silica sol or gel and aqueous emulsion of bitumen are chosen so that the mass ratio between the bitumen and the amount of precursor (s) of silicon oxide ( implemented in step b)) is between 1 and 20, more preferably between 1 and 10.
- the amount of sol or silica gel used in step c), calculated in silicon oxide precursor equivalent (s), is 5 to 40% by weight of precursor (s) d silicon oxide with respect to the bitumen mass, more preferably from 10 to 30%.
- the mixture is allowed to stir, preferably between 1 and 48 hours, more preferably between 1 and 24 hours.
- stirring is preferably applied during step (c).
- This agitation is preferably gentle but continuous and is not performed by means of a blade, a magnetic bar, etc.
- the reaction medium may be disposed in a rotary agitator, in particular of roll or wheel type.
- stirring can be carried out by rolls having a diameter of 3 cm at a speed of between 5 and 50 rpm, preferably between 10 and 30 rpm.
- the aqueous phase of the Bitumen emulsion is acidified by addition of a strong acid, for example hydrochloric acid.
- the amount of acid added is calculated so that the pH of the medium is less than or equal to 1, preferably less than or equal to 0.5.
- the emulsion obtained at the end of step c) is not destabilized by an acidic medium of pH less than or equal to 1. This pH favors the formation of a very rigid shell of silicon oxide around drops of bitumen.
- the second precursor of silicon oxide is selected in a known manner from alkoxysilanes, as in step b).
- the same silicon oxide precursor is chosen as in step b).
- the operating conditions are chosen to promote the formation of a continuous coating layer of silicon oxide.
- the amounts of silicon oxide precursor and aqueous bitumen emulsion are chosen so that the mass ratio between the bitumen and the amount of precursor (s) of silicon oxide ( implemented in step d)) is between 1 and 5, more preferably between 1 and 3.
- the amount of precursor (s) of silicon oxide in step d) is 20 to 60% by weight relative to the weight of bitumen, more preferably 30 to 50%.
- the mixture is allowed to stir, preferably between 1 h and 24 h, more preferably between 1 h and 16 h.
- stirring is preferably applied during step (d).
- This agitation is preferably gentle but continuous and is not carried out by means of a blade, a magnetic bar, etc.
- the reaction medium can for example be arranged in a rotary stirrer.
- stirring can be carried out by rolls having a diameter of 3 cm at a speed of between 5 and 50 rpm, preferably between 10 and 30 rpm.
- particles with a core / shell structure comprising a bitumen base core and a silicon oxide bark.
- Particles formed from a core comprising bitumen and an essentially inorganic shell are suspended in the aqueous medium.
- step d) may be repeated one or more times.
- step d a suspension of bitumen is obtained.
- Step e) of the process according to the invention advantageously comprises a sub-step e ') consisting of a washing of the material obtained in d), followed by a substep e "" consisting of a drying of the material obtained in e) ') until a solid bitumen material is obtained.
- the washing is carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art by means of a substantially neutral aqueous solution, so as to extract with water the acid and the formation residue of the silica sol (ethanol in the case where TEOS is used as precursor of silicon oxide).
- the separation of the aqueous phase can be carried out by any known means such as centrifugation, filtration, sieving.
- the washing is continued until the pH of the aqueous washing phase is adjusted to a value greater than or equal to 4.5, preferably about 5. This treatment makes it possible to substantially neutralize the acidic nature of the emulsion resulting from the step d).
- the drying method may be selected from conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the solid material can be recovered from the aqueous medium by vacuum filtration on Buchner, and then dried in a desiccator.
- the material may be air-dried, lyophilized or spray-dried, commonly referred to as "spray-drying".
- This spray-drying technique makes it possible to attenuate the applied capillary forces that can break the bark or shell of solid bitumen particles.
- the drying of step e ") can be complete or partial, preferably the drying is a substantially complete drying, that is to say that the moisture content of the solid particles obtained at the end of step e ") is less than or equal to 5% by mass relative to the total mass of the particles, more preferably less than or equal to 2% by weight relative to the total mass of the particles.
- the material is spray-dried.
- This technique is advantageous insofar as it makes it possible to attenuate the applied capillary forces, capable of breaking the envelope or the hull of solid bitumen particles.
- This technique is conventionally used to obtain powders in the field of agri-food, pharmacy and cosmetics.
- the material is dried by lyophilization.
- the drying techniques according to the first or second embodiment both have the advantage of providing a dried bitumen powder having good properties in terms of adhesiveness, thermal and mechanical strength, and which present in the form of a very fine granular powder.
- the solid bitumen material obtained or obtainable by the method described above is also an object of the present invention. Indeed, when the bitumen emulsion is an emulsion stabilized by surfactants, it has no or substantially no particles for stabilization.
- the methods of the prior art one-step digestion at a very acidic pH, do not make it possible to form particles comprising a core of bitumen and a bark based on silica.
- This material is interesting in that it constitutes a new solid form of bitumen.
- This material is a solid bitumen material comprising particles formed of a core comprising bitumen and a bark or shell.
- bitumen core / shell particles coated with a silica shell or shell which comprise in the bitumen base less than 1.4% by weight of solid particles based on the total weight of bitumen base more preferably at most 1, 2%, better still, at most 1%, and even more preferably at most 0.5% by weight of solid particles relative to the total weight of bitumen base.
- shell or bark a layer at least partially surrounding the core of bitumen and comprising a homogeneous layer of silicon oxide obtained by mineralization according to steps c) and d) of the method as described above.
- the term "shell or bark” means a layer at least partially surrounding the bitumen core and consisting of a homogeneous layer of silicon oxide obtained by mineralization according to step c) and d) of the process such as previously described.
- layer or bark at least partially surrounding the bitumen core is meant a layer surrounding at least 90% of the surface of the core, preferably at least 95% of the surface of the core, more preferably at least 99% of the surface area. of the heart. It is possible to distinguish a solid bitumen material comprising a shell because of the particular distinctive appearance of the shell (homogeneous layer) by conventional methods of analysis known to those skilled in the art, for example by electron microscopy.
- the shell based on silicon oxide represents from 5 to 35
- % by weight relative to the total mass of the solid bitumen material obtained at the end of step e preferably from 5 to 30%, more preferably from 10 to 25%.
- the low silica content of the materials of the invention makes it possible to prepare road bitumens by mixing with aggregates whose properties are little affected by the presence of silica.
- the material of the invention is in the form of a powder, optionally in the form of an aggregated powder, preferably in the form of a fluid powder.
- the size of the particles or grains of powder is from 1 to 500 ⁇ , still more advantageously from 5 to 300 ⁇ , more preferably from 10 to 200 ⁇ .
- the size of the particles or grains of powder is evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or by laser granulometry.
- the residual moisture content in the material of the invention is, preferably, less than or equal to 5% by weight, more preferably less than or equal to 3% by weight, and more preferably less than or equal to 1% by weight relative to the total mass of the material.
- the solid bitumen material obtained or obtainable by the process according to the invention is particularly advantageous because it has excellent thermal stability, up to high temperatures.
- Thermal stability means that the bitumen material retains its solid structure in the form of powder and does not stick to a temperature of less than or equal to 100 ° C., preferably less than or equal to 120 ° C., even better so far as possible. at a temperature of less than or equal to 150 ° C.
- the solid bitumen material obtained or obtainable by the process according to the invention is particularly advantageous because it has excellent compressive strength.
- the solid bitumen material according to the invention can be easily relargable during the manufacture of bituminous binder. It can therefore be used after its transportation in a conventional manner, without the need to adapt the processes using this material.
- the uses of this bitumen can be for example in the field of road applications, particularly in the manufacture of road binders such as hot mixes, cold mixes or surface coatings, and in the fields of industrial applications, for example in the manufacture of interior and exterior coatings.
- Another object of the invention also relates to the use of the solid bitumen material at ambient temperature according to the invention as a road binder.
- the road binder can be used to manufacture mixes, in combination with aggregates according to any known method.
- the solid bitumen at ambient temperature according to the invention is used for the manufacture of bituminous mixes.
- Bituminous mixes are used as materials for the construction and maintenance of pavement bodies and their pavement, as well as for the realization of all road works. For example, superficial coatings, hot mixes, cold mixes, cold mixes, low emulsions, base layers, binding, hooking and rolling, and other combinations of a bituminous binder and road aggregate having particular properties, such as anti-rutting layers, draining asphalts, or asphalts (mixture between an asphalt binder and sand-like aggregates).
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method for manufacturing asphalt mixes comprising at least one road binder and aggregates, the road binder being chosen from solid bitumens according to the invention, this process comprising at least the steps of:
- the method of the invention has the advantage of being able to be implemented without the prior step of heating the solid bitumen according to the invention.
- the method for manufacturing mixes according to the invention does not require a step of heating the solid bitumen material before mixing with the aggregates because, in contact with the hot aggregates and under a mechanical shearing effect, the solid bitumen at ambient temperature is re dropped.
- the solid bitumen at room temperature according to the invention as described above has the advantage of being able to be added directly to the hot aggregates, without having to be melted prior to mixing with the hot aggregates.
- the step of mixing the aggregates and road binder is carried out with stirring, then the stirring is maintained for at most 5 minutes, preferably at most 1 minute to allow to obtain a homogeneous mixture.
- the ambient temperature solid bitumen material according to the present invention is remarkable in that it allows the transport and / or storage of road bitumen at ambient temperature under optimum conditions, in particular without agglomeration and / or adhesion of solid bitumen during transport and / or storage, even when the ambient temperature is high.
- the coating layer of the particles breaks under the effect of contact with hot aggregates and mechanical shear and releases the bitumen base.
- the presence of the coating layer in the road binder and aggregate mixture does not degrade the properties of said road bitumen for road application, compared to a base of the same uncoated bitumen.
- Another method of the invention also relates to a method for transporting and / or storing and / or handling road bitumen, said road bitumen being transported and / or stored and / or handled in the form of solid bitumen particles at room temperature.
- the road bitumen is transported and / or stored at a high ambient temperature for a period greater than or equal to 2 months, preferably greater than or equal to 3 months.
- the high ambient temperature is from 20 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably from 20 ° C to 80 ° C, more preferably from 40 ° C to 80 ° C, still more preferably from 40 ° C to 60 ° C .
- bitumen particles according to the invention have the advantage of maintaining their divided form, and therefore of being able to be handled, after storage and / or transport at a high ambient temperature. They have in particular the ability to flow under their own weight without sticking together, which allows their storage in a packaging bags, drums or containers of all shapes and volumes and their transfer from this conditioning to a equipment, such as construction equipment (tank, mixer etc ).
- the bitumen granules are preferably transported and / or stored in bulk in bags of 1 kg to 100 kg or 500 kg to 1000 kg commonly known in the field of road bitumens of "Big Bag", said bags being preferably in hot melt material. They may also be transported and / or stored in bulk in cartons of 5 kg to 30 kg or in drums of 100 kg to 200 kg.
- TTAB tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- Silica precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) marketed by Sigma Aldrich II- Examples
- the bitumen-in-water emulsion was prepared with a colloid mill of Emulbitume®.
- the apparatus consists of two thermostatically controlled receptacles; one for the aqueous phase at 40 ° C and the other for the bitumen at 130 ° C.
- Two separate circuits bring the phases to the Atomix ® mixer in which the bitumen is dispersed in the aqueous phase.
- the flow rates are controlled to obtain an emulsion with a bitumen content of 68% by weight.
- a surfactant concentration (TTAB) 4 kg / ton of emulsion was added to the bitumen emulsion previously obtained.
- TTAB previously dissolved in 6.3 g of water at a pH of 2.33 were added to 9 g of the bitumen emulsion obtained beforehand.
- the whole is transferred into a 15mL tube which is then placed on a rotating device (wheel) at 20 rpm for the night.
- Step b) Preparation of a sol or a silica gel from a silicon oxide precursor:
- the composition of the tube is as follows:
- Step d) mineralization of the emulsion of bitumen drops resulting from step c) at acidic pH with a precursor of silicon oxide:
- step d a suspension of bitumen particles is obtained.
- the 2nd mineralization is considered complete and the suspension of the bitumen particles obtained in step d) is washed with water by centrifugation to remove any acid and ethanol to obtain a suspension
- the 50 ml tubes are placed in a centrifuge at 7000 rpm for 10 minutes. At the end of the cycle, the supernatant (aqueous phase) is removed and replaced by demineralized water.
- the capsules are redispersed by manual stirring and a new centrifugation cycle is started until the pH of the solution is close to 5.
- the powder was then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We note the obtaining of grains with sizes between 20 and 100 ⁇ . In addition, the plates allow to observe the presence of a thin layer of silica on the surface of the external drops of the grains.
- Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the powder contains 15.6% by mass of silica. Elemental chemical analysis confirmed that the silica content was in the range of 15-16% by mass.
- the powder was tested for temperature resistance as well as shear resistance. For this the sample was placed in an aluminum cup, itself placed in an oven. We tested different temperatures: 90 ° C, 120 ° C and 150 ° C. The powder showed good resistance to temperature since no grain adhered to the aluminum cup indicating that no release of bitumen has occurred.
- the indenter does not present glued bitumen.
- the compressed sample is easily removable from the crucible and the recovered powder is easily recovered in granular form.
- a second test was carried out according to the technique described below: the powder was placed in a completely closed syringe and a weight of 1 kg was placed on the piston (equivalent to 31 kPa applied pressure). Everything was put in an oven at 50 ° C. After 3 hours of experience, the powder was removed from the syringe and we could see that it has resisted compression. Indeed, there is little loss on the syringe and the recovered powder easily returns to granular form.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1563103A FR3045647B1 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2015-12-22 | Composition de bitume solide et son procede d’obtention |
PCT/FR2016/053599 WO2017109402A1 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2016-12-21 | Procédé de préparation d'un matériau de bitume solide à température ambiante |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3394209A1 true EP3394209A1 (fr) | 2018-10-31 |
Family
ID=55411626
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP16826429.9A Withdrawn EP3394209A1 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2016-12-21 | Procédé de préparation d'un matériau de bitume solide à température ambiante |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190002666A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3394209A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3045647B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017109402A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111825991A (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-27 | 北京创企智科技服务有限公司 | 一种化学防水卷材及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1738776A (en) * | 1927-10-06 | 1929-12-10 | Kirschbraun Lester | Aqueous dispersions and process of making same |
DE3942215A1 (de) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-06-27 | Degussa | Bitumengranulat und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JP3935061B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-10 | 2007-06-20 | 東亜道路工業株式会社 | 舗装用アスファルト乳剤組成物 |
FR3016366B1 (fr) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-02-05 | Total Marketing Services | Bitume solide et son procede d'obtention |
-
2015
- 2015-12-22 FR FR1563103A patent/FR3045647B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-12-21 WO PCT/FR2016/053599 patent/WO2017109402A1/fr unknown
- 2016-12-21 EP EP16826429.9A patent/EP3394209A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-21 US US16/065,152 patent/US20190002666A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2017109402A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 |
US20190002666A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
FR3045647B1 (fr) | 2020-07-31 |
FR3045647A1 (fr) | 2017-06-23 |
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