EP3371806B1 - Multi-glazed window incorporating an active noise reduction device - Google Patents

Multi-glazed window incorporating an active noise reduction device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3371806B1
EP3371806B1 EP16809474.6A EP16809474A EP3371806B1 EP 3371806 B1 EP3371806 B1 EP 3371806B1 EP 16809474 A EP16809474 A EP 16809474A EP 3371806 B1 EP3371806 B1 EP 3371806B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphone
control
input
window
window according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16809474.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3371806A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Carme
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CARME, CHRISTIAN
Technofirst SA
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Technofirst SA
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Publication of EP3371806A1 publication Critical patent/EP3371806A1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • G10K11/17881—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6707—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased acoustical insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/20—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for insulation against noise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17853—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter
    • G10K11/17854—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices of the filter the filter being an adaptive filter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17875—General system configurations using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3026—Feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3027—Feedforward
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/321—Physical
    • G10K2210/3219—Geometry of the configuration

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a multi-glazed window incorporating an active noise reduction device.
  • the patent document US 6,285,773 discloses an active noise reduction system, comprising one or more linear loudspeakers arranged at the edge of a double glazing, in the air space between the two panes and / or inside a framing profile of this double glazing.
  • the loudspeaker makes it possible to create a practically invisible electro-acoustic system, and which does not adversely affect visual comfort or the light transmission of the glazing, the proposed system making it possible to improve the sound insulation of a double glazing especially at low frequencies.
  • the loudspeaker described in the Carme patent comprises a vibrating membrane arranged between two adjacent panes so as to vibrate and generate counter-noise in the air space.
  • This membrane is associated with an actuator adapted to induce a vibratory movement to said membrane.
  • Electronic control makes it possible to control the actuator according to the acoustic signals picked up by at least one control microphone carried by the window frame.
  • the Carme patent does not dwell on the position that the monitoring microphone must have to optimize noise filtration.
  • EP 0.710.946 CENTER SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU BATIMENT
  • the results obtained in terms of noise attenuation are not optimal.
  • the attenuation is effective only in a narrow band of frequencies corresponding to the low frequencies.
  • the patent document CN 201.620.733 also discloses an active noise reduction system comprising a loudspeaker arranged in a triple glazing, in the air space separating two windows.
  • the loudspeaker and the monitoring microphone are in the same plane.
  • the invention aims to remedy this state of affairs.
  • an objective of the invention is to improve the attenuation of noise in a multi-glazed window of the type known from the aforementioned prior art.
  • Another objective of the invention is to obtain noise attenuation in a wide frequency band.
  • the present invention relates to a multi-glazed window, which is characterized by a particular design of the active noise reduction device that it incorporates.
  • the window itself is of the known type.
  • it consists of a frame 19, or frame, formed of profiles 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d framing a glazed panel 4.
  • the frame 19 is preferably rectangular or square, but can be polygonal, have one or more curved edges, etc.
  • the panel 4 is formed by two adjacent panes V1 and V2 separated by an air gap L.
  • the noise reduction device is used for active noise control. It generates in the air space a sound level equivalent to the ambient sound level to be controlled, in particular a noise coming from a noise source S.
  • An active noise reduction device can take the form of a piezoelectric actuator or a loudspeaker.
  • a linear loudspeaker of the type described in the patent document is used. US 6,285,773 (Carme) mentioned above, and to which those skilled in the art can refer if necessary.
  • This type of linear loudspeaker can in fact be easily accommodated in a reduced volume and in particular in a narrow space, while having an efficiency comparable to that of a conventional loudspeaker with conical membranes.
  • the geometric shape and the particular arrangement of the constituent elements of the linear loudspeaker offer a very satisfactory performance. In particular, given the considerable length of the membrane, the latter displaces a large mass of air during its vibration, which makes it possible to have good efficiency in the low frequencies.
  • the linear loudspeaker also makes it possible to generate a sound wave whose phase is homogeneous over the entire width of the glazing.
  • the figure 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment not covered by the invention where the linear loudspeaker is replaced by several circular loudspeakers installed side by side in the profile 19a. It is for example possible to use ASCA loudspeakers marketed by the applicant. However, the use of a linear loudspeaker makes it possible to reduce the number of loudspeakers to obtain equivalent noise reduction.
  • loudspeaker is used in the remainder of the description, whether the latter is a loudspeaker as such or a piezoelectric actuator.
  • the noise reduction device may comprise a single linear loudspeaker HP arranged on only one of the sides 19a of the frame 19, or several speakers respectively arranged on the different sides 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d of said frame.
  • the choice of the number of HP loudspeakers and their arrangement in the frame 19 depends on the sound field to be attenuated, by superposition, of the noises propagating in the air space L, in order to increase the sound insulation of the double glazing.
  • the figure 2 gives a schematic representation of a linear loudspeaker, which appears externally as a hollow body 1 in the form of an elongated rectangular parallelepiped, having for example a length of 50 cm to 2 m, a width of 2 cm to 4 cm and a depth from 2 cm to 4 cm.
  • the body 1 can be made of aluminum, steel, plastic, or any other material suitable for a person skilled in the art and advantageously forms one of the profiles of the frame 19.
  • the body 1 forms the horizontal section 19a which is located at the bottom of the frame 19.
  • At least one face of the loudspeaker is formed at least partially by a vibrating membrane 7 arranged between the two panes adjacent V1, V2 so as to vibrate and generate counter-noise in the air gap L.
  • This membrane 7 is flat and for the case of a linear loudspeaker, it is elongated. It preferably extends over the entire length of the body 1.
  • the membrane 7 is placed in the middle of the two panes V1, V2 symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median plane P of the window.
  • An actuator 11 is associated with the membrane 7. This actuator 11 is adapted to induce a vibratory movement in the membrane 7. It may be a piezoetectric actuator or more conventionally an actuator using an arrangement of magnets and coil electrically excited to cause the vibration of the membrane 7 which generates the counter-noise.
  • At least one control microphone 21, or error microphone is carried by the frame 19.
  • this microphone 21 is installed in the air gap L to pick up the acoustic signals propagating in the latter.
  • a control microphone 21 of the PUI Audio brand bearing the reference POM-2246L-C33-Ret manufactured by the company PUI Audio can be used.
  • the microphone 21 sends a signal representative of the noise in the air gap L to a control electronics 23. Consequently, the control electronics 23 sends a control signal to the actuator 11 as a function of the acoustic signals picked up by the microphone 21.
  • This active noise reduction device makes it possible to increase the sound insulation of the double glazing.
  • the monitoring microphone 21 is installed in the air space L, offset from the longitudinal median plane P, so that it is closer to the window V2 which is farthest from the noise source S than from the other glass V1.
  • the window V1 is the one located outside the room, the room or cabin
  • window V2 is the one installed inside the room, room or cabin.
  • the window V1 is that which is located at the inside the room, the room or the booth, and the window V2 is that which is installed outside the room, the room or the booth.
  • the monitoring microphone 21 is oriented in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, in the air space L, of the acoustic signals coming from the noise source S.
  • the monitoring microphone 21 is thus oriented in a direction which is parallel to the direction of movement of the membrane 7, that is to say parallel to the longitudinal median plane P of the window.
  • This residual acoustic signal is a combination of the residual noise reaching the window V2 and a counter noise generated by the loudspeaker HP which is ideally the inverted copy of the noise to be removed from the source S.
  • the monitoring microphone 21 is installed on the section 19a formed by the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker. More particularly, the monitoring microphone 21 is adjacent to the membrane 7. This configuration simplifies the design of the active noise reduction device insofar as all its constituent elements are grouped together in one and the same section 19a.
  • the control microphone 21 can however be installed on a section 19b which is distant from the section 19a formed by the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker, as shown diagrammatically on the figure. figure 3 .
  • the monitoring microphone 21 is arranged on a horizontal profile 19b which is opposite the horizontal profile 19a formed by the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker.
  • the monitoring microphone 21 can be installed on one of the vertical profiles 19c or 19d, while the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker HP forms one of the horizontal profiles 19a or 19b, and vice versa.
  • control electronics 23 comprises a non-adaptive type feedback filtering means FB (in English "FEEDBACK”) having an input FBe connected to the control microphone 21 and an output FBs connected to the actuator 11.
  • FB in English "FEEDBACK”
  • the feedback active attenuation technique is based on a feedback loop arranged to generate active attenuation of the sound waves propagating in the air space L.
  • the signal measured by the monitoring microphone 21 is injected into the actuator 11 through the feedback filtering means FB which corrects said signal in an attempt to cancel its energy.
  • This retroactive technique makes it possible to obtain acoustic attenuation with a certain gain, without causing instability in a processing frequency band. Most often, this processing frequency band corresponds to low frequencies, for example sound waves at the frequency band ranging from 0 to 400 Hz and more particularly from 70 Hz to 400 Hz.
  • the control electronics 23 advantageously comprise: - pre-amplification means comprising an input connected to the control microphone 21 and an output connected to the input FBe of the feedback filtering means FB; - And amplification means comprising an input connected to the output FBs of the feedback filtering means FB, and an output connected to the actuator 11.
  • This control electronics 23 here constitutes a feedback loop arranged to generate active acoustic attenuation without causing instability in a chosen frequency band.
  • the frequency band in which the feedback filtering means is effective without generating instability in the Nyquist sense is of the order of 0 to 600 Hz for sound waves and more particularly of 70 Hz to 600 Hz .
  • the feedback filtering means FB comprises a plurality of active analog filters of order greater than or equal to 1, arranged to generate a transfer function making it possible to avoid instabilities in the frequency band 0-600 Hz and more. particularly in the 70-600 Hz band in the Nyquist sense, and the transfer function of the filtering means FB is determined such that the phase of said transfer function does not pass through the value 0 in this band.
  • the control electronics 23 comprises for this purpose an anticipatory filtering means FF (in English “FEEDFORWARD”), having an input FFe connected to a reference microphone 22 and an output FFs connected to the actuator 11.
  • FF in English “FEEDFORWARD”
  • a reference microphone 22 of the PUI Audio brand bearing the reference POM-2246L-C33-Ret manufactured by the company PUI Audio can be used.
  • a reference acoustic field upstream of the propagation of the acoustic field in the air space L, is detected by the reference microphone 22, then processed by the filtering means FF in order to determine the command to be applied to the actuator 11.
  • pre-amplification means comprising an input connected to the reference microphone 22 and an output connected to the input FFe of the feedforward filtering means FF;
  • - And amplification means comprising an input connected to the output FFs of the feedforward filtering means FF, and an output connected to the actuator 11.
  • the control electronics 23 comprises a summing means 24 having: a first input 24e1 connected to the output FBs of the feedback filtering means FB; a second input 24e2 connected to the output FFs of the anticipatory filtering means FF; - And an output 24s connected to the actuator 11.
  • the output signal of the summing means 24 which is applied to the actuator 11 is thus a linear combination of the signals coming from the feedback and anticipation filtering channels.
  • Amplification means are advantageously provided comprising an input connected to the output 24s of the summing means 24, and an output connected to the actuator 11.
  • the anticipation technique is articulated around the anticipatory filtering means FF of the non-adaptive or adaptive type. Compared to non-adaptive filtering, adaptive filtering is more efficient in terms of noise attenuation, but requires more computing power and higher production cost.
  • the anticipatory filtering means FF is of the non-adaptive type, its transfer function is a fixed function which is preset and which does not vary.
  • the transfer function is modified dynamically, continuously, by an algorithm for real-time analysis of the acoustic signal coming from the source S.
  • the coefficients of the FF feed-forward filtering means are adapted. in real time according to an algorithm chosen so as to minimize the energy of the vibrations picked up by the control microphone 21 as a function of the energy of the reference vibrations picked up by the reference microphone 22.
  • the anticipatory filtering means FF comprises: a first input FFe1 connected to the monitoring microphone 21; and a second input FFe2 connected to the reference microphone 22.
  • the anticipatory filtering means FF comprises filters with finite impulse response of the adaptive type. The coefficients of these filters are updated in real time by a minimization algorithm which takes into account the signals picked up by the control microphone 21.
  • the minimization algorithm is of the least squares means type, also called LMS for " LEAST MEAN SQUARES "or more advantageously of the least mean squares type with filtered reference, also called FXLMS for" Filtered-X Least Mean Squares ".
  • the transfer function of the so-called secondary path between the loudspeaker HP and the control microphone 21 is measured, sampled and saved in the memory of a processor of the control electronics 23. This transfer function thus previously measured will then be used in the calibration phase for the adaptation of anticipatory filtering elements. This step is carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
  • the active attenuation of the “hybrid” type obtained according to the invention results from a combination of the anticipation and feedback filtering means in which the anticipation filtering is grafted onto the feedback filtering or vice versa.
  • This makes it possible to linearize the retroactive attenuation in an entire frequency band wider than the frequency band (0-600 Hz and more particularly 70-600 Hz) processed directly by the means of feedback filtering FB, to accelerate the convergence of the minimization algorithm, and to improve the robustness of the feedforward filtering means FF.
  • This improves the gain of active attenuation in a widened band which can go up to 4000 Hz, by eliminating the pumping effect mentioned above.
  • the reference microphone 22 is carried by the frame 19. Unlike the control microphone 21, it is installed outside the air space L, at the level of the window V1 which is closest to the source. of noise S. The reference microphone 22 can thus optimally capture the copy of the noise to be removed from the source S and transmit this signal to the control electronics 23.
  • the reference microphone 22 is oriented in a direction which is parallel to the direction of propagation of the acoustic signals from the noise source S.
  • the reference microphone 22 is thus oriented in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the membrane 7, that is to say perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane P of the window.
  • the reference microphone 22 satisfactorily collects the acoustic signal coming from the noise source S, without being disturbed by the counter noise generated by the loudspeaker HP.
  • the reference microphone 22 and the monitoring microphone 21 are carried by the same section 19a. Provision can however be made for the monitoring microphone 21 and the reference microphone 22 to each be carried by a separate section.
  • the reference microphone 22 can for example be arranged on a horizontal profile 19b which is opposite the horizontal profile 19a formed by the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker and the monitoring microphone 21. It can also be installed on the one of the vertical profiles 19c or 19d, while the loudspeaker HP and the control microphone 21 are installed on one of the horizontal profiles 19a or 19b, and vice versa.
  • the figure 7 is a graph showing the acoustic attenuation likely to be provided by a window according to the invention.
  • the curves correspond to the sound attenuation values in dB (ordinate) as a function of the frequency in Hz (abscissa).
  • Table 1 below provides information on the different scenarios. ⁇ b> ⁇ u> Table 1 ⁇ /u> ⁇ /b> Curve no.
  • Graphic Representation Case studies Acoustic filtration type 1 - Double glazing only without noise reduction device Without acoustic filtration 2 ------------ Double glazing with noise reduction device. Control microphone 21 installed in the middle of the air gap.
  • Curve n ° 2 corresponds to the case where the double glazing incorporates the noise reduction device. Only FEEDBACK feedback filtering is provided.
  • the control microphone 21 is installed in the middle of the air gap L, as recommended by the patent document EP 0.710.946 above. There is an improvement in sound insulation of about 8 dB in the low frequency range close to the resonant frequency Fr, over a band of about 200 Hz-350 Hz. A decrease in sound insulation is also observed. compared to the sound insulation provided by double glazing alone (pumping effect above 650 Hz).
  • Curve n ° 3 corresponds to the case where the double glazing incorporates the noise reduction device, the control microphone 21 now being installed as close as possible to the window V2 which is the furthest from the noise source S. Only is provided. FEEDBACK feedback filtering. As on curve n ° 2, there is an improvement in the sound insulation of about 8 dB in the low frequency range close to the resonant frequency Fr. However, the sound insulation is improved in a wider band of approximately 150Hz-375Hz.
  • Curve n ° 4 corresponds to the case where the double glazing incorporates the noise reduction device. FEEDBACK feedback filtering and non-adaptive FEEDFORWARD feedforward filtering are provided.
  • the control microphone 21 is installed as close as possible to the window V2. There is an improvement in the sound insulation of about 8 dB in the range of low frequencies close to the resonant frequency Fr, over a band of about 150 Hz-375 Hz (as in curve n ° 3). An improvement in sound insulation of about 5 dB is also observed in the range of high frequencies close to the critical frequency Fc, which improvement is due to anticipatory filtering.
  • Curve n ° 5 corresponds to the case where the double glazing incorporates the noise reduction device.
  • FEEDBACK feedback filtering and adaptive FEEDFORWARD feedforward filtering are provided.
  • the control microphone 21 is installed as close as possible to the window V2. There is an improvement in sound insulation of about 10 dB in the low frequency range close to the resonant frequency Fr, over a wider band of about 125 Hz-400 Hz. An improvement in the sound is also observed. sound insulation of about 8 dB in the range of high frequencies close to the critical frequency Fc. The attenuation is therefore here overall more effective in comparison with curve 4.
  • the combination of adaptive anticipation and feedback filtering makes it possible to improve the respective behavior of said filterings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique de l'invention.Technical field of the invention.

L'invention a pour objet une fenêtre multi-vitrage intégrant un dispositif de réduction active du bruit.The subject of the invention is a multi-glazed window incorporating an active noise reduction device.

Elle concerne le domaine technique des dispositifs permettant d'améliorer l'isolation phonique d'une fenêtre.It relates to the technical field of devices making it possible to improve the sound insulation of a window.

État de la technique.State of the art.

Le document brevet US 6.285.773 (Carme) divulgue un système antibruit actif, comprenant un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs linéaires disposés en bordure d'un double vitrage, dans la lame d'air entre les deux vitres et/ou à l'intérieur d'un profilé d'encadrement de ce double vitrage. Dans ce système antibruit, le haut-parleur permet de réaliser un système électro-acoustique pratiquement invisible, et ne nuisant ni au confort visuel, ni à la transmission lumineuse du vitrage, le système proposé permettant d'améliorer l'isolation phonique d'un double vitrage notamment dans les basses fréquences.The patent document US 6,285,773 (Carme) discloses an active noise reduction system, comprising one or more linear loudspeakers arranged at the edge of a double glazing, in the air space between the two panes and / or inside a framing profile of this double glazing. In this noise reduction system, the loudspeaker makes it possible to create a practically invisible electro-acoustic system, and which does not adversely affect visual comfort or the light transmission of the glazing, the proposed system making it possible to improve the sound insulation of a double glazing especially at low frequencies.

Le haut-parleur décrit dans le brevet Carme, comprend une membrane vibrante disposée entre deux vitres adjacentes de manière à vibrer et générer un contre-bruit dans la lame d'air. Cette membrane est associée à un actionneur adapté pour induire un mouvement vibratoire à ladite membrane. Une électronique de contrôle permet de contrôler l'actionneur en fonction des signaux acoustiques captés par au moins un microphone de contrôle porté par l'encadrement de la fenêtre. Le brevet Carme ne s'attarde toutefois pas sur la position que doit avoir le microphone de contrôle pour optimiser la filtration du bruit.The loudspeaker described in the Carme patent comprises a vibrating membrane arranged between two adjacent panes so as to vibrate and generate counter-noise in the air space. This membrane is associated with an actuator adapted to induce a vibratory movement to said membrane. Electronic control makes it possible to control the actuator according to the acoustic signals picked up by at least one control microphone carried by the window frame. However, the Carme patent does not dwell on the position that the monitoring microphone must have to optimize noise filtration.

Le document brevet EP 0.710.946 (CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU BATIMENT) concerne également une fenêtre multi-vitrage intégrant un dispositif actif de réduction du bruit. Dans ce document, il est enseigné de positionner des microphones de contrôle au milieu de la lame d'air, à égales distances des deux vitres, dans le plan médian longitudinal de la fenêtre. Les résultats obtenus en termes d'atténuation du bruit ne sont toutefois pas optimaux. En outre, l'atténuation n'est efficace que dans une bande étroite de fréquences correspondantes aux basses fréquences.The patent document EP 0.710.946 (CENTER SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DU BATIMENT) also concerns a multi-glazed window incorporating an active noise reduction device. In this document, it is taught to position control microphones in the middle of the air space, at equal distances from the two panes, in the longitudinal median plane of the window. However, the results obtained in terms of noise attenuation are not optimal. In addition, the attenuation is effective only in a narrow band of frequencies corresponding to the low frequencies.

Le document brevet CN 201.620.733 (XINMIN) divulgue également un système antibruit actif comprenant un haut-parleur disposé dans un triple vitrage, dans la lame d'air séparant deux vitres. Le haut-parleur et le microphone de contrôle sont dans un même plan.The patent document CN 201.620.733 (XINMIN) also discloses an active noise reduction system comprising a loudspeaker arranged in a triple glazing, in the air space separating two windows. The loudspeaker and the monitoring microphone are in the same plane.

L'invention vise à remédier à cet état des choses. En particulier, un objectif de l'invention est d'améliorer l'atténuation du bruit dans une fenêtre multi-vitrage du type connue de l'art antérieur précité.The invention aims to remedy this state of affairs. In particular, an objective of the invention is to improve the attenuation of noise in a multi-glazed window of the type known from the aforementioned prior art.

Un autre objectif de l'invention est d'obtenir une atténuation du bruit dans une large bande de fréquences.Another objective of the invention is to obtain noise attenuation in a wide frequency band.

Divulgation de l'invention.Disclosure of the invention.

La solution proposée par l'invention est une fenêtre multi-vitrage formée par un encadrement réalisé par des profilés supportant au moins deux vitres séparées par une lame d'air, ladite fenêtre présentant un plan médian longitudinal et intégrant un dispositif de réduction active d'un bruit provenant d'une source de bruit, lequel dispositif comprend :

  • au moins un haut-parleur qui se présente comme un corps creux en forme de parallélépipède rectangle allongé et dont une face est constituée au moins partiellement par une membrane vibrante disposée entre les deux vitres adjacentes de manière à vibrer et générer un contre-bruit dans la lame d'air,
  • un actionneur associé à la membrane, lequel actionneur est adapté pour induire un mouvement vibratoire à ladite membrane,
  • au moins un microphone de contrôle porté par l'encadrement, lequel microphone est installé dans la lame d'air pour capter les signaux acoustiques dans ladite lame d'air,
  • une électronique de contrôle adaptée pour contrôler l'actionneur en fonction des signaux acoustiques captés par le microphone de contrôle.
The solution proposed by the invention is a multi-glazed window formed by a frame produced by profiles supporting at least two panes separated by an air gap, said window having a longitudinal median plane and incorporating a device for actively reducing noise from a noise source, which device comprises:
  • at least one loudspeaker which is in the form of a hollow body in the form of an elongated rectangular parallelepiped and of which one face is formed at least partially by a vibrating membrane arranged between the two adjacent panes so as to vibrate and generate counter-noise in the air blade,
  • an actuator associated with the membrane, which actuator is adapted to induce a vibratory movement to said membrane,
  • at least one monitoring microphone carried by the frame, which microphone is installed in the air space to pick up the acoustic signals in said air space,
  • control electronics adapted to control the actuator according to the acoustic signals picked up by the control microphone.

Cette fenêtre est remarquable en ce que :

  • le corps creux forme un des profilés de l'encadrement,
  • la membrane est disposée au milieu des deux vitres, de manière symétrique par rapport au plan médian longitudinal de la fenêtre,
  • le microphone de contrôle est décalé du plan médian longitudinal de la fenêtre de sorte qu'il est plus près de la vitre qui est la plus éloignée de la source de bruit que de l'autre vitre.
This window is remarkable in that:
  • the hollow body forms one of the profiles of the frame,
  • the membrane is placed in the middle of the two panes, symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median plane of the window,
  • the monitoring microphone is offset from the longitudinal midplane of the window so that it is closer to the pane which is farthest from the noise source than to the other pane.

Grâce à cette position du microphone de contrôle, la demanderesse a pu constater de manière surprenante que l'atténuation du bruit était efficace et stable, dans une bande de fréquences plus large que celle indiquée dans le document brevet EP 0.710.946 précité.Thanks to this position of the monitoring microphone, the applicant was able to observe, surprisingly, that the noise attenuation was effective and stable, in a frequency band wider than that indicated in the patent document. EP 0.710.946 above.

D'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention sont listées ci-dessous. Chacune de ces caractéristiques peut être considérée seule ou en combinaison avec les caractéristiques remarquables définies ci-dessus, et faire l'objet, le cas échéant, d'une ou plusieurs demandes de brevets divisionnaires :

  • Le microphone de contrôle peut être est installé sur le profilé formé par le corps creux du haut parleur, ledit microphone de contrôle étant adjacent à la membrane.
  • Dans une variante de réalisation, le microphone de contrôle est installé sur un profilé qui est distant du profilé formé par le corps creux du haut parleur.
  • Le microphone de contrôle est avantageusement orienté dans une direction qui est perpendiculaire à la direction de propagation, dans la lame d'air, des signaux acoustiques provenant de la source de bruit.
  • L'électronique de contrôle comprend avantageusement un moyen de filtrage par rétroaction possédant une entrée reliée au microphone de contrôle et une sortie reliée à l'actionneur.
  • Préférentiellement, au moins un microphone de référence est porté par l'encadrement, lequel microphone de référence est installé à l'extérieur de la lame d'air, au niveau de la vitre qui est la plus proche de la source de bruit ; l'électronique de contrôle comprend dans ce cas un moyen de filtrage par anticipation, possédant une entrée reliée au microphone de référence et une sortie reliée à l'actionneur.
  • Le microphone de contrôle et le microphone de référence peuvent être portés par le même profilé ou portés chacun par un profilé distinct.
  • Le microphone de référence est avantageusement orienté dans une direction qui est parallèle à la direction de propagation des signaux acoustiques provenant de la source de bruit.
  • Préférentiellement, l'électronique de contrôle comprend un moyen sommateur possédant une première entrée, une seconde entrée et une sortie reliée à l'actionneur ; le moyen de filtrage par rétroaction comprend une entrée reliée au microphone de contrôle et une sortie reliée à la première entrée du moyen sommateur ; et le moyen de filtrage par anticipation comprend une entrée reliée au microphone de référence et une sortie reliée à la seconde entrée du moyen sommateur.
  • Le moyen de filtrage par anticipation peut être du type adaptatif et comprendre : - une première entrée reliée au microphone de contrôle ; et une seconde entrée reliée au microphone de référence.
  • Le moyen de filtrage par anticipation peut également être du type non adaptatif.
  • Le haut parleur peut être un haut-parleur linéaire ou un haut-parleur circulaire.
Other advantageous features of the invention are listed below. Each of these characteristics can be considered alone or in combination with the remarkable characteristics defined above, and be the subject, where appropriate, of one or more divisional patent applications:
  • The monitoring microphone can be installed on the profile formed by the hollow body of the loudspeaker, said monitoring microphone being adjacent to the membrane.
  • In an alternative embodiment, the monitoring microphone is installed on a profile which is distant from the profile formed by the hollow body of the loudspeaker.
  • The monitoring microphone is advantageously oriented in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, in the air space, of the acoustic signals coming from the noise source.
  • The control electronics advantageously comprise feedback filtering means having an input connected to the control microphone and an output connected to the actuator.
  • Preferably, at least one reference microphone is carried by the frame, which reference microphone is installed outside the air gap, at the level of the window which is closest to the noise source; the control electronics in this case include anticipatory filtering means, having an input connected to the reference microphone and an output connected to the actuator.
  • The monitoring microphone and the reference microphone can be carried by the same profile or each carried by a separate profile.
  • The reference microphone is advantageously oriented in a direction which is parallel to the direction of propagation of the acoustic signals coming from the noise source.
  • Preferably, the control electronics comprise summing means having a first input, a second input and an output connected to the actuator; the feedback filtering means comprises an input connected to the monitoring microphone and an output connected to the first input of the summing means; and the anticipatory filtering means comprises an input connected to the reference microphone and an output connected to the second input of the summing means.
  • The anticipatory filtering means may be of the adaptive type and comprise: a first input connected to the monitoring microphone; and a second input connected to the reference microphone.
  • The anticipatory filtering means can also be of the non-adaptive type.
  • The loudspeaker can be a linear loudspeaker or a circular loudspeaker.

Description des figures.Description of figures.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description d'un mode de réalisation préféré qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, réalisés à titre d'exemples indicatifs et non limitatifs et sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique de face d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage avec un dispositif de réduction active du bruit comprenant un haut-parleur linéaire,
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe selon A-A de la fenêtre de la figure 1, selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe selon A-A de la fenêtre de la figure 1, selon un deuxième mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe selon A-A de la fenêtre de la figure 1, selon un troisième mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe selon A-A de la fenêtre de la figure 1, selon un quatrième mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 6 est une vue schématique de face d'une fenêtre multi-vitrage avec un dispositif de réduction active du bruit comprenant plusieurs haut-parleurs circulaires,
  • la figure 7 est un graphique montrant l'atténuation acoustique susceptible d'être procurée par une fenêtre conforme à l'invention.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become more apparent on reading the description of a preferred embodiment which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, produced by way of indicative and non-limiting examples and in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic front view of a multi-glazed window with an active noise reduction device comprising a linear loudspeaker,
  • the figure 2 is a schematic sectional view along AA of the window of the figure 1 , according to a first embodiment,
  • the figure 3 is a schematic sectional view along AA of the window of the figure 1 , according to a second embodiment,
  • the figure 4 is a schematic sectional view along AA of the window of the figure 1 , according to a third embodiment,
  • the figure 5 is a schematic sectional view along AA of the window of the figure 1 , according to a fourth embodiment,
  • the figure 6 is a schematic front view of a multi-glazed window with an active noise reduction device comprising several circular loudspeakers,
  • the figure 7 is a graph showing the acoustic attenuation likely to be provided by a window according to the invention.

Modes préférés de réalisation de l'invention.Preferred embodiments of the invention.

La présente invention concerne une fenêtre multi-vitrage, qui se caractérise par une conception particulière du dispositif de réduction active du bruit qu'elle intègre.The present invention relates to a multi-glazed window, which is characterized by a particular design of the active noise reduction device that it incorporates.

La fenêtre en elle-même est du type connu. Sur la figure 1, elle se compose d'un encadrement 19, ou châssis, formé de profilés 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d encadrant un panneau vitré 4. L'encadrement 19 est préférentiellement de forme rectangulaire ou carrée, mais peut être polygonal, avoir un ou plusieurs bords incurvés, etc. Sur la figure 2, le panneau 4 est formé par deux vitres adjacentes V1 et V2 séparées par une lame d'air L.The window itself is of the known type. On the figure 1 , it consists of a frame 19, or frame, formed of profiles 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d framing a glazed panel 4. The frame 19 is preferably rectangular or square, but can be polygonal, have one or more curved edges, etc. On the figure 2 , the panel 4 is formed by two adjacent panes V1 and V2 separated by an air gap L.

Le dispositif de réduction du bruit est utilisé pour un contrôle actif du bruit. Il génère dans la lame d'air un niveau sonore équivalent au niveau sonore ambiant à contrôler, notamment un bruit provenant d'une source de bruit S.The noise reduction device is used for active noise control. It generates in the air space a sound level equivalent to the ambient sound level to be controlled, in particular a noise coming from a noise source S.

Un dispositif de réduction active du bruit peut se présenter sous la forme d'un actionneur piézo-électrique ou d'un haut-parleur. On utilise préférentiellement un haut-parleur linéaire du type décrit dans le document brevet US 6.285.773 (Carme) précité, et auquel l'homme du métier pourra se référer le cas échéant. Ce type de haut-parleur linéaire peut en effet être facilement logé dans un volume réduit et notamment dans un espace étroit, tout en possédant un rendement comparable à celui d'un haut-parleur classique à membranes coniques. La forme géométrique et la disposition particulière des éléments constitutifs du haut-parleur linéaire offrent un rendement très satisfaisant. En particulier, compte tenu de la longueur importante de la membrane, celle-ci déplace une grande masse d'air lors de sa vibration, ce qui permet de disposer d'un bon rendement dans les basses fréquences. Le haut-parleur linéaire permet en outre de générer une onde sonore dont la phase est homogène sur toute la largeur du vitrage.An active noise reduction device can take the form of a piezoelectric actuator or a loudspeaker. Preferably, a linear loudspeaker of the type described in the patent document is used. US 6,285,773 (Carme) mentioned above, and to which those skilled in the art can refer if necessary. This type of linear loudspeaker can in fact be easily accommodated in a reduced volume and in particular in a narrow space, while having an efficiency comparable to that of a conventional loudspeaker with conical membranes. The geometric shape and the particular arrangement of the constituent elements of the linear loudspeaker offer a very satisfactory performance. In particular, given the considerable length of the membrane, the latter displaces a large mass of air during its vibration, which makes it possible to have good efficiency in the low frequencies. The linear loudspeaker also makes it possible to generate a sound wave whose phase is homogeneous over the entire width of the glazing.

La figure 6 illustre une variante de réalisation non couverte par l'invention où le haut parleur linéaire est remplacé par plusieurs haut-parleurs circulaires installés côte-à-côte dans le profilé 19a. On peut par exemple utiliser des haut-parleurs ASCA commercialisés par la demanderesse. L'utilisation d'un haut-parleur linéaire permet toutefois de réduire le nombre de haut-parleur pour obtenir une réduction de bruit équivalente.The figure 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment not covered by the invention where the linear loudspeaker is replaced by several circular loudspeakers installed side by side in the profile 19a. It is for example possible to use ASCA loudspeakers marketed by the applicant. However, the use of a linear loudspeaker makes it possible to reduce the number of loudspeakers to obtain equivalent noise reduction.

On utilise dans la suite de la description le terme générique de haut-parleur, que ce dernier soit un haut-parleur en tant que tel ou un actionneur piézo-électrique.The generic term loudspeaker is used in the remainder of the description, whether the latter is a loudspeaker as such or a piezoelectric actuator.

Le dispositif de réduction du bruit peut comprendre un seul haut-parleur linéaire HP disposé sur un seul des côtés 19a de l'encadrement 19, ou plusieurs haut-parleurs disposés respectivement sur les différents côtés 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d dudit encadrement. Le choix du nombre de haut-parleurs HP et de leur agencement dans l'encadrement 19 dépend du champ sonore à atténuer, par superposition, des bruits se propageant dans la lame d'air L, pour augmenter l'isolation phonique du double vitrage.The noise reduction device may comprise a single linear loudspeaker HP arranged on only one of the sides 19a of the frame 19, or several speakers respectively arranged on the different sides 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d of said frame. The choice of the number of HP loudspeakers and their arrangement in the frame 19 depends on the sound field to be attenuated, by superposition, of the noises propagating in the air space L, in order to increase the sound insulation of the double glazing.

La figure 2 donne une représentation schématique d'un haut-parleur linéaire, qui se présente extérieurement comme un corps creux 1 en forme de parallélépipède rectangle allongé, possédant par exemple une longueur de 50 cm à 2 m, une largeur de 2 cm à 4cm et une profondeur de 2 cm à 4 cm. Le corps 1 peut être réalisé en aluminium, en acier, en plastique, ou en tout autre matériau convenant à l'homme du métier et forme avantageusement un des profilés de l'encadrement 19. Sur la figure 2, le corps 1 forme le profilé horizontal 19a qui est situé en bas de l'encadrement 19.The figure 2 gives a schematic representation of a linear loudspeaker, which appears externally as a hollow body 1 in the form of an elongated rectangular parallelepiped, having for example a length of 50 cm to 2 m, a width of 2 cm to 4 cm and a depth from 2 cm to 4 cm. The body 1 can be made of aluminum, steel, plastic, or any other material suitable for a person skilled in the art and advantageously forms one of the profiles of the frame 19. On the figure 2 , the body 1 forms the horizontal section 19a which is located at the bottom of the frame 19.

Au moins une face du haut-parleur HP est constituée au moins partiellement par une membrane 7 vibrante disposée entre les deux vitres adjacentes V1, V2 de manière à vibrer et générer un contre-bruit dans la lame d'air L. Cette membrane 7 est plane et pour le cas d'un haut-parleur linéaire, elle est allongée. Elle s'étend préférentiellement sur toute la longueur du corps 1. La membrane 7 est disposée au milieu des deux vitres V1, V2 de manière symétrique par rapport au plan médian longitudinal P de la fenêtre.At least one face of the loudspeaker is formed at least partially by a vibrating membrane 7 arranged between the two panes adjacent V1, V2 so as to vibrate and generate counter-noise in the air gap L. This membrane 7 is flat and for the case of a linear loudspeaker, it is elongated. It preferably extends over the entire length of the body 1. The membrane 7 is placed in the middle of the two panes V1, V2 symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median plane P of the window.

Un actionneur 11 est associé à la membrane 7. Cet actionneur 11 est adapté pour induire un mouvement vibratoire à la membrane 7. Il peut s'agir d'un actionneur piezoétectrique ou de manière plus classique un actionneur utilisant un agencement d'aimants et de bobine excitée électriquement pour provoquer la vibration de la membrane 7 qui génère le contre-bruit.An actuator 11 is associated with the membrane 7. This actuator 11 is adapted to induce a vibratory movement in the membrane 7. It may be a piezoetectric actuator or more conventionally an actuator using an arrangement of magnets and coil electrically excited to cause the vibration of the membrane 7 which generates the counter-noise.

Au moins un microphone de contrôle 21, ou microphone d'erreur, est porté par l'encadrement 19. Sur la figure 2, ce microphone 21 est installé dans la lame d'air L pour capter les signaux acoustiques se propageant dans cette dernière. A titre d'exemple on peut utiliser un microphone de contrôle 21 de la marque PUI Audio portant la référence POM-2246L-C33-Ret fabriqué par la société PUI Audio.At least one control microphone 21, or error microphone, is carried by the frame 19. On the figure 2 , this microphone 21 is installed in the air gap L to pick up the acoustic signals propagating in the latter. By way of example, a control microphone 21 of the PUI Audio brand bearing the reference POM-2246L-C33-Ret manufactured by the company PUI Audio can be used.

Le microphone 21 envoie un signal représentatif du bruit dans la lame d'air L à une électronique de contrôle 23. Dès lors, l'électronique de contrôle 23 émet un signal de commande à l'actionneur 11 en fonction des signaux acoustiques captés par le microphone 21. Ce dispositif de réduction active du bruit permet d'augmenter l'isolation phonique du double vitrage.The microphone 21 sends a signal representative of the noise in the air gap L to a control electronics 23. Consequently, the control electronics 23 sends a control signal to the actuator 11 as a function of the acoustic signals picked up by the microphone 21. This active noise reduction device makes it possible to increase the sound insulation of the double glazing.

Conformément à l'invention, et comme illustré sur la figure 2, le microphone de contrôle 21 est installé dans la lame d'air L, décalé du plan médian longitudinal P, de sorte qu'il soit plus près de la vitre V2 qui est la plus éloignée de la source de bruit S que de l'autre vitre V1. Par exemple si la source de bruit S est le bruit ambiant régnant à l'extérieur d'une pièce, d'un local ou d'une cabine, (par exemple le bruit de véhicules circulant dans une rue ou sur une route, le bruit d'un moteur d'avion, ...), la vitre V1 est celle qui est située à l'extérieur de la pièce, du local ou de la cabine, et la vitre V2 est celle qui est installée à l'intérieur de la pièce, du local ou de la cabine. Si la source de bruit S est le bruit ambiant régnant à l'intérieur d'une pièce, d'un local ou d'une cabine (par exemple la musique d'une discothèque), la vitre V1 est celle qui est située à l'intérieur de la pièce, du local ou de la cabine, et la vitre V2 est celle qui est installée à l'extérieur de la pièce, du local ou de la cabine.In accordance with the invention, and as illustrated in figure 2 , the monitoring microphone 21 is installed in the air space L, offset from the longitudinal median plane P, so that it is closer to the window V2 which is farthest from the noise source S than from the other glass V1. For example, if the source of noise S is the ambient noise prevailing outside a room, a room or a cabin, (for example the noise of vehicles circulating in a street or on a road, the noise of an airplane engine, etc.), the window V1 is the one located outside the room, the room or cabin, and window V2 is the one installed inside the room, room or cabin. If the noise source S is the ambient noise prevailing inside a room, a room or a booth (for example the music of a discotheque), the window V1 is that which is located at the inside the room, the room or the booth, and the window V2 is that which is installed outside the room, the room or the booth.

Grâce à cette position du microphone de contrôle 21, la demanderesse a pu constater de manière surprenante que l'atténuation du bruit était efficace et stable, dans une bande de fréquences plus large que celle indiquée dans document brevet EP 0.710.946 précité. Ce phénomène est explicité ci-après en référence à la figure 7.Thanks to this position of the monitoring microphone 21, the applicant has been able to observe, surprisingly, that the noise attenuation was effective and stable, in a frequency band wider than that indicated in patent document. EP 0.710.946 above. This phenomenon is explained below with reference to the figure 7 .

De bons résultats sont obtenus lorsque le microphone de contrôle 21 est orienté dans une direction qui est perpendiculaire à la direction de propagation, dans la lame d'air L, des signaux acoustiques provenant de la source de bruit S. Le microphone de contrôle 21 est ainsi orienté dans une direction qui est parallèle à la direction de déplacement de la membrane 7, c'est-à-dire parallèle au plan médian longitudinal P de la fenêtre. Dans cette disposition, il apparait que le microphone de contrôle 21 recueille de manière satisfaisante le signal acoustique résiduel qui est utilisé comme signal d'erreur dans le filtrage par rétroaction décrit ci-après dans la description. Ce signal acoustique résiduel est une combinaison du bruit résiduel atteignant la vitre V2 et d'un contre-bruit généré par le haut-parleur HP qui est idéalement la copie inversée du bruit à supprimer issu de la source S.Good results are obtained when the monitoring microphone 21 is oriented in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, in the air space L, of the acoustic signals coming from the noise source S. The monitoring microphone 21 is thus oriented in a direction which is parallel to the direction of movement of the membrane 7, that is to say parallel to the longitudinal median plane P of the window. In this arrangement, it appears that the monitoring microphone 21 satisfactorily collects the residual acoustic signal which is used as an error signal in the feedback filtering described below in the description. This residual acoustic signal is a combination of the residual noise reaching the window V2 and a counter noise generated by the loudspeaker HP which is ideally the inverted copy of the noise to be removed from the source S.

Sur la figure 2, le microphone de contrôle 21 est installé sur le profilé 19a formé par le corps creux 1 du haut parleur HP. Plus particulièrement, le microphone de contrôle 21 est adjacent à la membrane 7. Cette configuration simplifie la conception du dispositif de réduction active du bruit dans la mesure où tous ses éléments constitutifs sont regroupés dans un seul et même profilé 19a.On the figure 2 , the monitoring microphone 21 is installed on the section 19a formed by the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker. More particularly, the monitoring microphone 21 is adjacent to the membrane 7. This configuration simplifies the design of the active noise reduction device insofar as all its constituent elements are grouped together in one and the same section 19a.

Le microphone de contrôle 21 peut toutefois être installé sur un profilé 19b qui est distant du profilé 19a formé par le corps creux 1 du haut parleur HP, comme cela est schématisé sur la figure 3. Sur cette figure, le microphone de contrôle 21 est agencé sur un profilé horizontal 19b qui est à l'opposé du profilé horizontal 19a formé par le corps creux 1 du haut parleur HP. Bien entendu, le microphone de contrôle 21 peut être installé sur l'un des profilés verticaux 19c ou 19d, alors que le corps creux 1 du haut parleur HP forme l'un des profilés horizontaux 19a ou 19b, et inversement.The control microphone 21 can however be installed on a section 19b which is distant from the section 19a formed by the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker, as shown diagrammatically on the figure. figure 3 . In this figure, the monitoring microphone 21 is arranged on a horizontal profile 19b which is opposite the horizontal profile 19a formed by the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker. Of course, the monitoring microphone 21 can be installed on one of the vertical profiles 19c or 19d, while the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker HP forms one of the horizontal profiles 19a or 19b, and vice versa.

Sur les figures 2 et 3, l'électronique de contrôle 23 comprend un moyen de filtrage par rétroaction FB (en anglais « FEEDBACK ») de type non adaptatif possédant une entrée FBe reliée au microphone de contrôle 21 et une sortie FBs reliée à l'actionneur 11.On the figures 2 and 3 , the control electronics 23 comprises a non-adaptive type feedback filtering means FB (in English "FEEDBACK") having an input FBe connected to the control microphone 21 and an output FBs connected to the actuator 11.

La technique d'atténuation active par rétroaction est fondée sur une boucle de contre-réaction agencée pour engendrer une atténuation active des ondes sonores se propageant dans la lame d'air L. Le signal mesuré par le microphone de contrôle 21 est injecté à l'actionneur 11 à travers le moyen de filtrage par rétroaction FB qui corrige ledit signal pour tenter d'annuler son énergie. Cette technique rétroactive permet d'obtenir une atténuation acoustique avec un certain gain, sans engendrer d'instabilité dans une bande de fréquences de traitement. Le plus souvent, cette bande de fréquences de traitement correspond à des basses fréquences, par exemple en ondes sonores à la bande de fréquences allant de 0 à 400 Hz et plus particulièrement de 70 Hz à 400 Hz.The feedback active attenuation technique is based on a feedback loop arranged to generate active attenuation of the sound waves propagating in the air space L. The signal measured by the monitoring microphone 21 is injected into the actuator 11 through the feedback filtering means FB which corrects said signal in an attempt to cancel its energy. This retroactive technique makes it possible to obtain acoustic attenuation with a certain gain, without causing instability in a processing frequency band. Most often, this processing frequency band corresponds to low frequencies, for example sound waves at the frequency band ranging from 0 to 400 Hz and more particularly from 70 Hz to 400 Hz.

L'électronique de contrôle 23 comprend avantageusement : - des moyens de pré-amplification comprenant une entrée reliée au microphone de contrôle 21 et une sortie reliée à l'entrée FBe du moyen de filtrage par rétroaction FB ; - et des moyens d'amplification comprenant une entrée reliée à la sortie FBs du moyen de filtrage par rétroaction FB, et une sortie reliée à l'actionneur 11.The control electronics 23 advantageously comprise: - pre-amplification means comprising an input connected to the control microphone 21 and an output connected to the input FBe of the feedback filtering means FB; - And amplification means comprising an input connected to the output FBs of the feedback filtering means FB, and an output connected to the actuator 11.

Cette électronique de contrôle 23 constitue ici une boucle de contre-réaction agencée pour engendrer une atténuation acoustique active sans engendrer d'instabilité dans une bande de fréquences choisie. Par exemple, la bande de fréquences dans laquelle le moyen de filtrage par rétroaction est efficace sans engendrer d'instabilité au sens de Nyquist, est de l'ordre de 0 à 600 Hz pour des ondes sonores et plus particulièrement de 70 Hz à 600 Hz.This control electronics 23 here constitutes a feedback loop arranged to generate active acoustic attenuation without causing instability in a chosen frequency band. For example, the frequency band in which the feedback filtering means is effective without generating instability in the Nyquist sense, is of the order of 0 to 600 Hz for sound waves and more particularly of 70 Hz to 600 Hz .

En pratique, le moyen de filtrage par rétroaction FB comprend une pluralité de filtres analogiques actifs d'ordre supérieur ou égal à 1, agencés pour engendrer une fonction de transfert permettant d'éviter des instabilités dans la bande de fréquence 0-600 Hz et plus particulièrement dans la bande 70-600 Hz au sens de Nyquist, et la fonction de transfert du moyen de filtrage FB est déterminée de telle sorte que la phase de ladite fonction de transfert ne passe pas par la valeur 0 dans cette bande.In practice, the feedback filtering means FB comprises a plurality of active analog filters of order greater than or equal to 1, arranged to generate a transfer function making it possible to avoid instabilities in the frequency band 0-600 Hz and more. particularly in the 70-600 Hz band in the Nyquist sense, and the transfer function of the filtering means FB is determined such that the phase of said transfer function does not pass through the value 0 in this band.

Cependant, un effet de pompage apparaît au-delà de 600 Hz qui se traduit par une augmentation du niveau de bruit par rapport à l'action des moyens d'atténuation passive seule, c'est-à-dire le panneau 4 seul. Ce phénomène est tout à fait connu de l'homme du métier, et constitue une non-linéarité (dégradations des performances) par rapport aux résultats attendus de l'observation du système en boucle ouverte.However, a pumping effect appears above 600 Hz which results in an increase in the noise level compared to the action of the passive attenuation means alone, that is to say the panel 4 alone. This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art, and constitutes a non-linearity (degradation of performance) with respect to the results expected from the observation of the open-loop system.

Pour remédier à cela, il est avantageux de combiner l'atténuation active par rétroaction à une atténuation active par anticipation. Sur la figure 4, l'électronique de contrôle 23 comprend à cet effet un moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF (en anglais « FEEDFORWARD »), possédant une entrée FFe reliée à un microphone de référence 22 et une sortie FFs reliée à l'actionneur 11.To remedy this, it is advantageous to combine active feedback attenuation with active anticipation attenuation. On the figure 4 , the control electronics 23 comprises for this purpose an anticipatory filtering means FF (in English “FEEDFORWARD”), having an input FFe connected to a reference microphone 22 and an output FFs connected to the actuator 11.

A titre d'exemple on peut utiliser un microphone de référence 22 de la marque PUI Audio portant la référence POM-2246L-C33-Ret fabriqué par la société PUI Audio.By way of example, a reference microphone 22 of the PUI Audio brand bearing the reference POM-2246L-C33-Ret manufactured by the company PUI Audio can be used.

Dans cette technique d'atténuation active par anticipation, un champ acoustique de référence, en amont de la propagation du champ acoustique dans la lame d'air L, est détecté par le microphone de référence 22, puis traité par le moyen de filtrage FF afin de déterminer la commande à appliquer à l'actionneur 11.In this active attenuation technique by anticipation, a reference acoustic field, upstream of the propagation of the acoustic field in the air space L, is detected by the reference microphone 22, then processed by the filtering means FF in order to determine the command to be applied to the actuator 11.

Pour optimiser le traitement des signaux, on prévoit : - des moyens de pré-amplification comprenant une entrée reliée au microphone de référence 22 et une sortie reliée à l'entrée FFe du moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF ; - et des moyens d'amplification comprenant une entrée reliée à la sortie FFs du moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF, et une sortie reliée à l'actionneur 11.In order to optimize the processing of the signals, provision is made for: pre-amplification means comprising an input connected to the reference microphone 22 and an output connected to the input FFe of the feedforward filtering means FF; - And amplification means comprising an input connected to the output FFs of the feedforward filtering means FF, and an output connected to the actuator 11.

Sur la figure 4, l'électronique de contrôle 23 comprend un moyen sommateur 24 possédant : - une première entrée 24e1 reliée à la sortie FBs du moyen de filtrage par rétroaction FB ; - une seconde entrée 24e2 reliée à la sortie FFs du moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF ; - et une sortie 24s reliée à l'actionneur 11. Le signal de sortie du moyen sommateur 24 qui est appliqué à l'actionneur 11 est ainsi une combinaison linéaire des signaux issus des voies de filtrage par rétroaction et par anticipation. On prévoit avantageusement des moyens d'amplification comprenant une entrée reliée à la sortie 24s du moyen sommateur 24, et une sortie reliée à l'actionneur 11.On the figure 4 , the control electronics 23 comprises a summing means 24 having: a first input 24e1 connected to the output FBs of the feedback filtering means FB; a second input 24e2 connected to the output FFs of the anticipatory filtering means FF; - And an output 24s connected to the actuator 11. The output signal of the summing means 24 which is applied to the actuator 11 is thus a linear combination of the signals coming from the feedback and anticipation filtering channels. Amplification means are advantageously provided comprising an input connected to the output 24s of the summing means 24, and an output connected to the actuator 11.

La technique par anticipation est articulée autour du moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF de type non adaptatif ou adaptatif. Comparé à un filtrage non adaptatif, le filtrage adaptatif est plus efficace sur le plan de l'atténuation du bruit, mais nécessite une puissance de calcul plus importante et un coût de réalisation plus élevé.The anticipation technique is articulated around the anticipatory filtering means FF of the non-adaptive or adaptive type. Compared to non-adaptive filtering, adaptive filtering is more efficient in terms of noise attenuation, but requires more computing power and higher production cost.

Dans le cas où le moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF est du type non adaptatif, sa fonction de transfert est une fonction fixe qui est préréglée et qui ne varie pas.In the case where the anticipatory filtering means FF is of the non-adaptive type, its transfer function is a fixed function which is preset and which does not vary.

Avec un moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF adaptatif, la fonction de transfert est modifiée dynamiquement, en continu, par un algorithme d'analyse en temps réel du signal acoustique provenant de la source S. Les coefficients du moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF sont adaptés en temps réel selon un algorithme choisi de façon à minimiser l'énergie des vibrations captées par le microphone de contrôle 21 en fonction de l'énergie des vibrations de référence captées par le microphone de référence 22.With an adaptive FF feed-forward filtering means, the transfer function is modified dynamically, continuously, by an algorithm for real-time analysis of the acoustic signal coming from the source S. The coefficients of the FF feed-forward filtering means are adapted. in real time according to an algorithm chosen so as to minimize the energy of the vibrations picked up by the control microphone 21 as a function of the energy of the reference vibrations picked up by the reference microphone 22.

Ce filtrage adaptatif est schématisé sur la figure 5 où le moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF comprend : une première entrée FFe1 reliée au microphone de contrôle 21 ; et une seconde entrée FFe2 reliée au microphone de référence 22. En pratique, le moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF comprend des filtres à réponse impulsionnelle finie de type adaptatif. Les coefficients de ces filtres sont réactualisés en temps réel par un algorithme de minimisation qui prend en compte les signaux captés par le microphone de contrôle 21. Par exemple, l'algorithme de minimisation est du type des moindres carrés moyens, appelé encore LMS pour "LEAST MEAN SQUARES" ou plus avantageusement du type des moindres carrés moyens avec référence filtrée, appelé encore FXLMS pour « Filtered-X Least Mean Squares ».This adaptive filtering is shown schematically on the figure 5 where the anticipatory filtering means FF comprises: a first input FFe1 connected to the monitoring microphone 21; and a second input FFe2 connected to the reference microphone 22. In practice, the anticipatory filtering means FF comprises filters with finite impulse response of the adaptive type. The coefficients of these filters are updated in real time by a minimization algorithm which takes into account the signals picked up by the control microphone 21. For example, the minimization algorithm is of the least squares means type, also called LMS for " LEAST MEAN SQUARES "or more advantageously of the least mean squares type with filtered reference, also called FXLMS for" Filtered-X Least Mean Squares ".

Dans une étape préalable d'initialisation, la fonction de transfert du chemin dit secondaire entre le haut- parleur HP et le microphone de contrôle 21 est mesurée, échantillonnée et sauvegardée dans la mémoire d'un processeur de l'électronique de contrôle 23. Cette fonction de transfert ainsi préalablement mesurée va servir ensuite dans la phase de calibration pour l'adaptation des éléments de filtrage par anticipation. Cette étape est réalisée d'une manière connue de l'homme du métier.In a preliminary initialization step, the transfer function of the so-called secondary path between the loudspeaker HP and the control microphone 21 is measured, sampled and saved in the memory of a processor of the control electronics 23. This transfer function thus previously measured will then be used in the calibration phase for the adaptation of anticipatory filtering elements. This step is carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

L'atténuation active de type "hybride" obtenue selon l'invention résulte d'une combinaison des moyens de filtrage par anticipation et par rétroaction dans laquelle le filtrage par anticipation est greffé sur le filtrage par rétroaction ou réciproquement. Cela permet de linéariser l'atténuation rétroactive dans toute une bande de fréquences plus large que la bande de fréquences (0-600 Hz et plus particulièrement 70-600 Hz) traitée directement par le moyen de filtrage par rétroaction FB, d'accélérer la convergence de l'algorithme de minimisation, et d'améliorer la robustesse du moyen de filtrage par anticipation FF. On améliore ainsi le gain d'atténuation active dans une bande élargie qui peut aller jusqu'à 4000 Hz, par suppression de l'effet de pompage mentionné précédemment.The active attenuation of the “hybrid” type obtained according to the invention results from a combination of the anticipation and feedback filtering means in which the anticipation filtering is grafted onto the feedback filtering or vice versa. This makes it possible to linearize the retroactive attenuation in an entire frequency band wider than the frequency band (0-600 Hz and more particularly 70-600 Hz) processed directly by the means of feedback filtering FB, to accelerate the convergence of the minimization algorithm, and to improve the robustness of the feedforward filtering means FF. This improves the gain of active attenuation in a widened band which can go up to 4000 Hz, by eliminating the pumping effect mentioned above.

Sur les figures 4 et 5, le microphone de référence 22 est porté par l'encadrement 19. Contrairement au microphone de contrôle 21, il est installé à l'extérieur de la lame d'air L, au niveau de la vitre V1 qui est la plus proche de la source de bruit S. Le microphone de référence 22 peut ainsi capter de manière optimale la copie du bruit à supprimer issu de la source S et transmettre ce signal à l'électronique de contrôle 23.On the figures 4 and 5 , the reference microphone 22 is carried by the frame 19. Unlike the control microphone 21, it is installed outside the air space L, at the level of the window V1 which is closest to the source. of noise S. The reference microphone 22 can thus optimally capture the copy of the noise to be removed from the source S and transmit this signal to the control electronics 23.

De bons résultats sont obtenus lorsque le microphone de référence 22 est orienté dans une direction qui est parallèle à la direction de propagation des signaux acoustiques provenant de la source de bruit S. Le microphone de référence 22 est ainsi orienté dans une direction qui est perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement de la membrane 7, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaire au plan médian longitudinal P de la fenêtre. Dans cette disposition, il apparait que le microphone de référence 22 recueille de manière satisfaisante le signal acoustique provenant de la source de bruit S, sans être perturbé par le contre-bruit généré par le haut-parleur HP.Good results are obtained when the reference microphone 22 is oriented in a direction which is parallel to the direction of propagation of the acoustic signals from the noise source S. The reference microphone 22 is thus oriented in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the membrane 7, that is to say perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane P of the window. In this arrangement, it appears that the reference microphone 22 satisfactorily collects the acoustic signal coming from the noise source S, without being disturbed by the counter noise generated by the loudspeaker HP.

Pour simplifier la conception du dispositif de réduction du bruit, le microphone de référence 22 et le microphone de contrôle 21 sont portés par le même profilé 19a. On peut toutefois prévoir que le microphone de contrôle 21 et le microphone de référence 22 soient portés chacun par un profilé distinct. Le microphone de référence 22 peut par exemple être agencé sur un profilé horizontal 19b qui est à l'opposé du profilé horizontal 19a formé par le corps creux 1 du haut parleur HP et le microphone de contrôle 21. Il peut également être installé sur l'un des profilés verticaux 19c ou 19d, alors que le haut parleur HP et le microphone de contrôle 21 sont installés sur l'un des profilés horizontaux 19a ou 19b, et inversement.To simplify the design of the noise reduction device, the reference microphone 22 and the monitoring microphone 21 are carried by the same section 19a. Provision can however be made for the monitoring microphone 21 and the reference microphone 22 to each be carried by a separate section. The reference microphone 22 can for example be arranged on a horizontal profile 19b which is opposite the horizontal profile 19a formed by the hollow body 1 of the loudspeaker and the monitoring microphone 21. It can also be installed on the one of the vertical profiles 19c or 19d, while the loudspeaker HP and the control microphone 21 are installed on one of the horizontal profiles 19a or 19b, and vice versa.

La figure 7 est un graphique montrant l'atténuation acoustique susceptible d'être procurée par une fenêtre conforme à l'invention. Les mesures ont été faites sur une fenêtre à double vitrage du type 4-12-4 (vitre en verre ; lame d'air; épaisseur du verre = 4 mm ; épaisseur de la lame d'air = 12 mm). Les courbes correspondent aux valeurs d'atténuation acoustique en dB (ordonnées) en fonction de la fréquence en Hz (abscisses). Le tableau 1 ci-dessous renseigne les différents cas de figures. Tableau 1 N°courbe Représentation graphique Cas de figures Type de filtration acoustique 1 - Double vitrage seul sans dispositif de réduction du bruit Sans filtration acoustique 2 ------------ Double vitrage avec dispositif de réduction du bruit. Microphone de contrôle 21 installé au milieu de la lame d'air. Pas de microphone de référence 22. FEEDBACK seul 3 ------ Double vitrage avec dispositif de réduction du bruit. Microphone de contrôle 21 installé prés de la vitre V2. Pas de microphone de référence 22. FEEDBACK seul (figure 2) 4 ----- Double vitrage avec dispositif de réduction du bruit. Microphone de contrôle 21 installé prés de la vitre V2. Microphone de référence 22 installé. FEEDBACK + FEEDFORWARD non adaptatif (figure 4) 5 -------- Double vitrage avec dispositif de réduction du bruit. Microphone de contrôle 21 installé prés de la vitre V2. Microphone de référence 22 installé. FEEDBACK + FEEDFORWARD adaptatif (figure 5) The figure 7 is a graph showing the acoustic attenuation likely to be provided by a window according to the invention. The measurements were made on a type 4-12-4 double-glazed window (glass pane; air gap; glass thickness = 4 mm; air gap thickness = 12 mm). The curves correspond to the sound attenuation values in dB (ordinate) as a function of the frequency in Hz (abscissa). Table 1 below provides information on the different scenarios. <b><u> Table 1 </u></b> Curve no. Graphic Representation Case studies Acoustic filtration type 1 - Double glazing only without noise reduction device Without acoustic filtration 2 ------------ Double glazing with noise reduction device. Control microphone 21 installed in the middle of the air gap. No reference microphone 22. FEEDBACK only 3 ------ Double glazing with noise reduction device. Control microphone 21 installed near the window V2. No reference microphone 22. FEEDBACK only ( figure 2 ) 4 ----- Double glazing with noise reduction device. Control microphone 21 installed near the window V2. Reference microphone 22 installed. FEEDBACK + FEEDFORWARD non-adaptive ( figure 4 ) 5 -------- Double glazing with noise reduction device. Control microphone 21 installed near the window V2. Reference microphone 22 installed. Adaptive FEEDBACK + FEEDFORWARD ( figure 5 )

En analysant la courbe n°1, on remarque que l'isolation acoustique que procure le double vitrage est relativement mauvaise. L'atténuation acoustique est faible dans les basses et moyennes fréquences (150 Hz à 400 Hz, correspondant par exemple à un bruit de trafic routier lent) avec un repli maximal au niveau de la fréquence de résonance Fr (environ 250 Hz). Cette fréquence de résonance dépend de la masse des vitres V1, V2, de leur épaisseur et de la nature des éléments (matériaux et lame d'air/gaz) constituant le panneau 4. Au-delà de cette fréquence de résonance Fr, l'isolation acoustique augmente de façon linéaire jusqu'au la fréquence critique Fc des vitres simples V1 et V2 qui composent le panneau 4 (environ 3000 Hz pour un verre de 4 mm d'épaisseur).By analyzing curve n ° 1, we notice that the sound insulation provided by double glazing is relatively poor. The acoustic attenuation is low in the low and medium frequencies (150 Hz to 400 Hz, corresponding for example to slow road traffic noise) with a maximum fallback at the level of the resonance frequency Fr (approximately 250 Hz). This resonant frequency depends on the mass of the panes V1, V2, on their thickness and on the nature of the elements (materials and air / gas layer) constituting the panel 4. Beyond this resonance frequency Fr, the acoustic insulation increases linearly up to the critical frequency Fc of the single panes V1 and V2 which make up the panel 4 (approximately 3000 Hz for a glass 4 mm thick).

Cela s'explique par le fait que le double vitrage se comporte comme un système acoustique du type Masse/Ressort/Masse. La lame d'air L jouant le rôle de ressort, son épaisseur est généralement trop faible pour créer un ressort suffisamment souple et le système fait entrer les vitres V1 et V2 en résonance.This is explained by the fact that the double glazing behaves like an acoustic system of the Mass / Spring / Mass type. The air knife L playing the role spring, its thickness is generally too small to create a sufficiently flexible spring and the system causes the windows V1 and V2 to resonate.

La courbe n°2 correspond au cas où le double vitrage intègre le dispositif de réduction du bruit. Seul est prévu un filtrage par rétroaction FEEDBACK. Le microphone de contrôle 21 est installé au milieu de la lame d'air L, comme cela est préconisé par le document brevet EP 0.710.946 précité. On constate une amélioration de l'isolation acoustique d'environ 8 dB dans la gamme des basses fréquences voisines de la fréquence de résonance Fr, sur une bande d'environ 200 Hz-350 Hz. On observe également une diminution de l'isolation acoustique par rapport à l'isolation acoustique que procure le double vitrage seul (effet de pompage au-delà de 650 Hz).Curve n ° 2 corresponds to the case where the double glazing incorporates the noise reduction device. Only FEEDBACK feedback filtering is provided. The control microphone 21 is installed in the middle of the air gap L, as recommended by the patent document EP 0.710.946 above. There is an improvement in sound insulation of about 8 dB in the low frequency range close to the resonant frequency Fr, over a band of about 200 Hz-350 Hz. A decrease in sound insulation is also observed. compared to the sound insulation provided by double glazing alone (pumping effect above 650 Hz).

La courbe n°3 correspond au cas où le double vitrage intègre le dispositif de réduction du bruit, le microphone de contrôle 21 étant maintenant installé au plus près de la vitre V2 qui est la plus éloignée de la source de bruit S. Seul est prévu un filtrage par rétroaction FEEDBACK. Comme sur la courbe n°2, on constate une amélioration de l'isolation acoustique d'environ 8 dB dans la gamme des basses fréquences voisines de la fréquence de résonance Fr. On améliore toutefois l'isolation acoustique dans une bande plus élargie d'environ 150 Hz-375 Hz.Curve n ° 3 corresponds to the case where the double glazing incorporates the noise reduction device, the control microphone 21 now being installed as close as possible to the window V2 which is the furthest from the noise source S. Only is provided. FEEDBACK feedback filtering. As on curve n ° 2, there is an improvement in the sound insulation of about 8 dB in the low frequency range close to the resonant frequency Fr. However, the sound insulation is improved in a wider band of approximately 150Hz-375Hz.

La courbe n°4 correspond au cas où le double vitrage intègre le dispositif de réduction du bruit. Un filtrage par rétroaction FEEDBACK et un filtrage par anticipation FEEDFORWARD non adaptatif sont prévus. Le microphone de contrôle 21 est installé au plus près de la vitre V2. On constate une amélioration de l'isolation acoustique d'environ 8 dB dans la gamme des basses fréquences voisines de la fréquence de résonance Fr, sur une bande d'environ 150 Hz-375 Hz (comme sur la courbe n°3). On observe également une amélioration de l'isolation acoustique d'environ 5 dB dans la gamme des hautes fréquences voisines de la fréquence critique Fc, laquelle amélioration est due au filtrage par anticipation.Curve n ° 4 corresponds to the case where the double glazing incorporates the noise reduction device. FEEDBACK feedback filtering and non-adaptive FEEDFORWARD feedforward filtering are provided. The control microphone 21 is installed as close as possible to the window V2. There is an improvement in the sound insulation of about 8 dB in the range of low frequencies close to the resonant frequency Fr, over a band of about 150 Hz-375 Hz (as in curve n ° 3). An improvement in sound insulation of about 5 dB is also observed in the range of high frequencies close to the critical frequency Fc, which improvement is due to anticipatory filtering.

La courbe n°5 correspond au cas où le double vitrage intègre le dispositif de réduction du bruit. Un filtrage par rétroaction FEEDBACK et un filtrage par anticipation FEEDFORWARD adaptatif sont prévus. Le microphone de contrôle 21 est installé au plus près de la vitre V2. On constate une amélioration de l'isolation acoustique d'environ 10 dB dans la gamme des basses fréquences voisines de la fréquence de résonance Fr, sur une bande plus large d'environ 125 Hz-400 Hz. On observe également une amélioration de l'isolation acoustique d'environ 8 dB dans la gamme des hautes fréquences voisines de la fréquence critique Fc. L'atténuation est donc ici globalement plus efficace en comparaison de la courbe 4. La combinaison des filtrages par anticipation adaptative et par rétroaction permet d'améliorer le comportement respectif desdits filtrages.Curve n ° 5 corresponds to the case where the double glazing incorporates the noise reduction device. FEEDBACK feedback filtering and adaptive FEEDFORWARD feedforward filtering are provided. The control microphone 21 is installed as close as possible to the window V2. There is an improvement in sound insulation of about 10 dB in the low frequency range close to the resonant frequency Fr, over a wider band of about 125 Hz-400 Hz. An improvement in the sound is also observed. sound insulation of about 8 dB in the range of high frequencies close to the critical frequency Fc. The attenuation is therefore here overall more effective in comparison with curve 4. The combination of adaptive anticipation and feedback filtering makes it possible to improve the respective behavior of said filterings.

L'agencement des différents éléments et/ou moyens de l'invention, dans les modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus, ne doit pas être compris comme exigeant un tel agencement dans toutes les implémentations. En tout état de cause, on comprendra que diverses modifications peuvent être apportées à ces éléments et/ou moyens, sans s'écarter de l'esprit et de la portée de l'invention. En particulier :

  • La fenêtre peut comporter plus de deux vitres, notamment trois vitres.
  • Plusieurs microphones de contrôle 21 ou de référence 22 peuvent être reliés à l'électronique de contrôle 23, ces microphones étant préférentiellement installés sur chacun des profilés 19a, 19b, 19c, 19b de l'encadrement 19 ; dans ce cas, l'algorithme de contrôle gère chaque voie avec pour objectif de minimiser le niveau de pression sur chacun des microphones d'erreur, à partir des informations collectées sur les multiples microphones de référence.
  • Le filtre par rétroaction FEEDBACK peut être adaptatif, en utilisant par exemple un algorithme de type IMC-FXLMS pour « Internal Model Control Filtered-X Least Mean Squares ».
  • Concernant les algorithmes de contrôle en mode FEEDBACK etou FEEDFORWARD, le traitement peut être soit analogique soit numérique.
  • Hors cadre de la présente invention, le filtre par anticipation FEEDFORWARD peut être utilisé seul, sans filtre par rétroaction FEEDBACK.
The arrangement of the various elements and / or means of the invention, in the embodiments described above, should not be understood as requiring such an arrangement in all implementations. In any event, it will be understood that various modifications can be made to these elements and / or means, without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention. Specifically :
  • The window may have more than two panes, in particular three panes.
  • Several control 21 or reference 22 microphones can be connected to the control electronics 23, these microphones preferably being installed on each of the profiles 19a, 19b, 19c, 19b of the frame 19; in this case, the control algorithm manages each channel with the objective of minimizing the level of pressure on each of the error microphones, from the information collected on the multiple reference microphones.
  • The FEEDBACK feedback filter can be adaptive, using for example an algorithm of the IMC-FXLMS type for “Internal Model Control Filtered-X Least Mean Squares”.
  • Regarding the control algorithms in FEEDBACK and or FEEDFORWARD mode, the processing can be either analog or digital.
  • Outside the scope of the present invention, the FEEDFORWARD feed-forward filter can be used alone, without a FEEDBACK feed-back filter.

Claims (13)

  1. Multi-glazed window formed by a frame (19) produced from profiles (19a, 19b, 19c, 19d) supporting at least two glass panes (V1, V2) separated by an air layer (L), said window having a longitudinal median plane (P) and incorporating an active noise reduction device for a noise coming from a noise source (S), which device comprises:
    - at least one loudspeaker (HP) which is in the form of a hollow body (1) in the form of an elongated rectangle parallelepiped and one face of which is constituted at least partially by a vibrating membrane (7) arranged between the two adjacent glass panes (V1, V2) in such a way as to vibrate and generate a counter-noise in the air layer (L), the hollow body (1) forming one of the profiles (19a) of the frame (19), and the membrane (7) being arranged in the middle of the two glass panes (V1, V2), symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median plane (P) of the window,
    - an actuator (11) associated with the membrane (7), which actuator (11) is capable of inducing a vibratory movement of said membrane,
    - at least one control microphone (21) carried by the frame (19), said microphone being installed in the air layer (L) in order to sense the acoustic signals in said air layer (L),
    - a control electronics (23) suitable for controlling the actuator (11) according to the acoustic signals sensed by the control microphone (21),
    characterized by the fact that:
    - the control microphone (21) is offset from the longitudinal median plane (P) of the window in such a way that it is closer to the glass pane (V2) which is the further from the noise source (S) than the other glass pane (V1).
  2. Window according to claim 1, wherein the control microphone (21) is installed on the profile (19a) formed by the hollow body (1) of the loudspeaker (HP), said control microphone (21) being adjacent to the membrane (7).
  3. Window according to claim 1, wherein the control microphone (21) is installed on a profile (19b) which is distant from the profile (19a) formed by the hollow body (1) of the loudspeaker (HP).
  4. Window according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control microphone (21) is oriented in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, in the air layer (L), of the acoustic signals coming from the noise source (S).
  5. Window according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control electronics (23) comprises a means of filtering via feedback (FB) having an input (FBe) connected to the control microphone (21) and an output (FBs) connected to the actuator (11).
  6. Window according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
    - at least one reference microphone (22) is carried by the frame (19), which reference microphone (22) is installed inside the air layer (L), at the glass pane (V1) that is the closest to the noise source (S),
    - the control electronics (23) comprise a means of filtering via feedforward (FF), having an input (FFe) connected to the reference microphone (22) and an output (FFs) connected to the actuator (11).
  7. Window according to claim 6, wherein the control microphone (21) and the reference microphone (22) are carried by the same profile (19a).
  8. Window according to claim 6, wherein the control microphone (21) and the reference microphone (22) are each carried by a separate profile (19a, 19b).
  9. Window according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the reference microphone (22) is oriented in a direction that is parallel to the direction of propagation of the acoustic signals coming from the noise source (S).
  10. Window according to one of claims 6 to 9 taken in combination with claim 5, wherein:
    - the control electronics (23) comprises a summing means (24) having a first input (24e1), a second input (24e2) and an output (24s) connected to the actuator (11),
    - the means of filtering via feedback (FB) comprises an input (FBe) connected to the control microphone (21) and an output (FBs) connected to the first input (24e1) of the summing means (24),
    - the means of filtering via feedforward (FF) comprises an input (FFe) connected to the reference microphone (22) and an output (FFs) connected to the second input (24e2) of the summing means (24).
  11. Window according to one of claims 6 à 10, wherein the means of filtering via feedforward (FF) is of the adaptive type and comprises:
    - a first input (FFe1) connected to the control microphone (21),
    - a second input (FFe2) connected to the reference microphone (22).
  12. Window according to one of claims 6 à 10, wherein the means of filtering via feedforward (FF) is of the non-adaptive type.
  13. Window according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the loudspeaker (HP) is a linear loudspeaker.
EP16809474.6A 2015-11-02 2016-11-02 Multi-glazed window incorporating an active noise reduction device Active EP3371806B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1560492A FR3043241B1 (en) 2015-11-02 2015-11-02 MULTI-WINDOW WINDOW INTEGRATING AN ACTIVE NOISE REDUCTION DEVICE
PCT/FR2016/052837 WO2017077234A1 (en) 2015-11-02 2016-11-02 Multi-glazed window incorporating an active noise reduction device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3371806A1 EP3371806A1 (en) 2018-09-12
EP3371806B1 true EP3371806B1 (en) 2021-09-29

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US (1) US10161180B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3371806B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3043241B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017077234A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018089345A1 (en) * 2016-11-08 2018-05-17 Andersen Corporation Active noise cancellation systems and methods
WO2019213503A1 (en) * 2018-05-04 2019-11-07 Andersen Corporation Multiband frequency targeting for noise attenuation
FR3097893B1 (en) 2019-06-27 2021-07-23 Saint Gobain Double wall installation
WO2021073027A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-22 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 Dynamically adjustable high-performance integrated window with heat collection, heat preservation and sound insulation functions, and control method therefor
EP4282709A1 (en) * 2021-01-25 2023-11-29 Agc Inc. Sound shielding device
KR102293075B1 (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-08-25 주식회사 시스템앤솔루션 Window having noise control function

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2726681B1 (en) * 1994-11-03 1997-01-17 Centre Scient Tech Batiment ACTIVE DOUBLE WALL ACOUSTIC MITIGATION DEVICE
FR2766650A1 (en) 1997-07-23 1999-01-29 Technofirst LINEAR SPEAKER
JP4120649B2 (en) * 2005-02-04 2008-07-16 哲士 中村 Soundproofing device
CN201620733U (en) * 2010-03-23 2010-11-03 李新民 Window for resisting noise
US20150086048A1 (en) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Corning Incorporated Acoustic panels and planar structures

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FR3043241A1 (en) 2017-05-05
US20180313138A1 (en) 2018-11-01
FR3043241B1 (en) 2019-05-10
EP3371806A1 (en) 2018-09-12
WO2017077234A1 (en) 2017-05-11
US10161180B2 (en) 2018-12-25

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