EP0008274B1 - Unidirectional acoustical enclosure - Google Patents
Unidirectional acoustical enclosure Download PDFInfo
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- EP0008274B1 EP0008274B1 EP79400564A EP79400564A EP0008274B1 EP 0008274 B1 EP0008274 B1 EP 0008274B1 EP 79400564 A EP79400564 A EP 79400564A EP 79400564 A EP79400564 A EP 79400564A EP 0008274 B1 EP0008274 B1 EP 0008274B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- opening
- cylinder
- loudspeaker
- box
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
- H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
Definitions
- an acoustic enclosure generally comprises a support and at least one transducer, in particular a loudspeaker, fixed to the support and the front face of the membrane facing an opening of the support.
- an acoustic enclosure generates, by the very design, interference, resulting from the fact that the diaphragm of the loudspeaker causes, when a signal is applied to the input of the loudspeaker, concomitant movements and in phase opposition of the air on the one hand towards the front and on the other hand towards the rear of the membrane.
- the wave towards the rear of the membrane being equal and in phase opposition with the wave towards the front, the addition of the two waves leads to a cancellation of the tone which of course is not satisfactory.
- the first aims to attenuate the rear wave so as to reduce the negative and detrimental effect it has on the front wave.
- the second aims to transform or "manipulate" the rear wave so that it comes to reinforce or at least not to thwart the front wave.
- One embodiment of the first method is the so-called “infinite” acoustic enclosure in which the support is in the form of a rigid box provided with a single opening in front of which is placed the front face of the membrane of the loudspeaker, the box being also hermetically sealed.
- This solution turns out, however, not to be completely satisfactory. Indeed, any movement of the membrane causes a variation in the pressure of the air contained in the box urging the membrane in the direction opposite to its movement, which therefore leads to a certain "damping of the membrane. This damping is all the higher as the displacement of the membrane is significant, which corresponds to the low frequencies of use of the enclosure.
- a first embodiment consists of an enclosure, the support of which is in a planar form, the external free edge of which is at a distance from the loudspeaker corresponding approximately to a half-wavelength of the sensitive frequency so that the rear wave reaching the front part of the enclosure take with respect to the front wave a delay corresponding to a wavelength. It is clear that in this embodiment, the enclosure emits in all directions.
- a second mode of implementation is illustrated by the so-called “bass-reflex enclosure in which the rear wave is channeled so as to on the one hand undergo a certain delay on the front wave and on the other hand be directed in a direction particular compared to the front wave.
- Many embodiments are known using this principle which differ according to the embodiment of the channeling means.
- US patents 4033431, 3,978,941, 3,993,162 and 4,064,966 have numerous drawbacks: the means of pipelines are far from being completely effective. They are generally complex, therefore expensive, bulky and heavy.
- the acoustic enclosure is also expensive, bulky, heavy and often of a complex shape unsuitable for the desired use of the enclosure.
- the direction or directions and direction of emission of the rear wave do not necessarily correspond to the direction and direction of emission of the front wave, so that the acoustic enclosure is most often non-directive or still multi-directional.
- the “infinite” and “flat” type speakers do not allow such a unidirectional sound emission.
- Acoustic speakers of the “bass reflex” type appear to be also or unsuitable, since the emission of the rear wave is in a direction or a direction different from that of the emission of the front wave, or unsatisfactory. fact that the rear wave channeling means have the aforementioned drawbacks.
- French patent 843 643 describes a unidirectional acoustic enclosure comprising a cylindrical box and a loudspeaker, the front face of which faces a main opening, of generally circular shape, of the box. This comprises a secondary opening placed around the first opening, located in the immediate vicinity of the cylindrical lateral face of the box. A cylindrical partition wall is placed in the box and defines an air channeling chamber.
- the present invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a unidirectional acoustic enclosure of reduced size, simple, as light as possible, of a shape allowing its use in all conditions.
- the unidirectional acoustic enclosure comprises a box of rigid cylindrical shape, open at one end, at least one loudspeaker fixed to the box and whose front face of the membrane is turned.
- a single secondary opening in the box in the general shape of a circular crown placed around and in the immediate vicinity of the main opening and in the immediate vicinity of the cylindrical lateral face of the box, rigid separation means placed in the box, defining therein an air channeling chamber between the rear face of the loudspeaker membrane and the secondary opening, these separation means comprising an external cylinder coaxial with the box, the side face of which delimits with the box a cylindrical crown opening into the secondary opening.
- the separation means also comprise an internal cylinder coaxial with the box, the external cylinder comprising a bottom located in the middle part of the box and comprising a central opening through which the internal cylinder passes, the separation means delimiting with the box two large resonance chambers joined by a tuning tunnel, the second of these large chambers being in communication via the cylindrical crown, forming a decompression vent, with the secondary opening, the first large chamber being bounded by the walls of the inner and outer cylinders and by the bottom of the outer cylinder, the tuning tunnel being bounded by the inner cylinder open at its two ends, the distance D 3 separating the front end of the inner cylinder from the main opening being less than the distance between the bottom of the outer cylinder and the main opening.
- the unidirectional acoustic enclosure comprises a box 1 and at least one transducer, in particular a speaker 2 fixed to the box 1.
- the box 1 has a generally straight cylindrical shape, of revolution about an axis 3 and with a circular base.
- Axis 3 is an axis of revolution and symmetry for the entire acoustic enclosure.
- the box 1 is limited by a cylindrical lateral face 4, a circular bottom 5 at the rear end of the box 1 and a front wall 6 at the front end of the box 1.
- the box 1, that is to say its lateral face 4, its bottom 5 and its front wall 6 are made of a material of great rigidity and therefore practically undeformable: in particular a plastic material so as to avoid any vibration of the box by acoustic resonance.
- the front wall 6 is pierced with a first opening 7, main, central and with a second opening 8, secondary, peripheral and with the same axis 3 as the main opening 7.
- the first opening 7 has a generally circular shape, of radius R i , limited by an outer edge 9.
- the second opening 8 has the general shape of a circular crown limited by an inner circular edge 10, of radius R 2 and an outer circular edge 11, of radius R 3 .
- the outer circular edge 11 is located on or in the immediate vicinity of the lateral face 4 so that the radius R 3 is equal to or close to the radius R 4 of the lateral face 4.
- the front wall 6 therefore has the general shape of a circular crown of axis 3 limited inwards by the edge 9 and outwards by the edge 10.
- the second opening 8 is located in the immediate vicinity of the first opening 7, which means that the radius R 2 is close to or little different from the radius R 1 and therefore that the circular crown constituting the front wall 6 is small. width relative to the radial size of the entire box 1.
- the loudspeaker 2 known per se, comprises a movable element 12, shown diagrammatically, housed in the box 1, provided with supply conductors not shown, emerging from the box 1 at any desired location and in particular in the bottom 5, and also a deformable membrane 13 of exponential shape, of axis 3, the widest opening 14 of which is placed opposite and in the immediate vicinity of the first opening 7 which is therefore located on the side of the front face 15 of the membrane 13
- the first opening 7 corresponds to the opening 14 of the membrane 13 and for this purpose the edge 9 of the first opening 7 is preferably inclined, as illustrated in the figure, to come at least substantially in the extension of the membrane 13.
- the loudspeaker 2 is fixed, directly or indirectly to the box 1 by suitable support means, possibly elastically deformable, known per se and not shown for simplify the drawing.
- the acoustic enclosure according to the invention also comprises separation means 16 of great rigidity and practically undeformable, placed in the box 1 and defining therein a chamber 17 for channeling the air between the rear face 18 of the membrane 13 and the second opening 8.
- the separation means 16 are also of revolution around the axis 3. They are made of any suitable rigid material capable of giving them the desired rigidity and in particular of plastic. These separation means 16 are therefore not vibrated by acoustic resonance during the operation of the enclosure.
- the separation means 16 are rigidly supported by the box 1 by any suitable support means 19 such as spacers shown schematically in the figure.
- the separation means 16 are sealed, which means that the air must actually travel all along the chamber 17, without the possibility of an acoustic short circuit, according to the arrows f.
- the chamber 17 occupies the entire casing 1, that is to say that the whole of the cavity delimited by the casing is shaped by means of the separation means 16 to form the chamber 17 .
- the chamber 17 comprises several successive chambers and for this purpose the separation means 16 comprise several parts.
- the separation means 16 comprise two cylinders, an outer cylinder 20 and an inner cylinder 21, coaxial with axis 3.
- the outer cylinder 20 comprises a cylindrical side face 22 and a bottom 23 at the rear end of the side face 22.
- the side face 22 is attached, at its front end to the front wall 6, at the place or in the immediate vicinity edge 10.
- This means that the lateral face 22 is of a radius equal to or close to R 2 and located in the vicinity of the lateral face 4 of the box 1.
- the bottom 23 is spaced transversely from the bottom 5 of the box 1 d 'a distance D 1 and generally located in the middle zone of the box 1 at a location suitable for defining determined acoustic impedances of the different chambers constituting the chamber 17.
- the bottom 23 is pierced with an opening 24, central, circular, of axis 3, of radius R, 5 with which the lateral face 25 of the inner cylinder 21, fully or only partially open, cooperates exactly and in leaktight fashion. forward and backward through respective openings 26 and 27.
- the radius R 5 is significantly smaller than the radius R 2 and possibly smaller than the radius R 1 .
- the side face 25 is substantially spaced from the side face 22.
- the side face 25 is, as already explained, straddling the bottom 23 so that the openings 26 and 27 are placed respectively on either side of the bottom 23.
- the lateral face 25 is located towards the front of the bottom 23, that is to say inside the outer cylinder 20 while a more restricted section of the inner cylinder 21 is placed towards the rear of the bottom 23 between the latter and the bottom 5 of the box 1.
- the rear opening 27 is spaced from the bottom 5 by a distance D 2 suitable for giving the different chambers of the channeling chamber 17 a specific acoustic impedance.
- the front opening 26 of the inner cylinder 21 is also spaced transversely from the opening 7 by a distance D 3 suitable for giving the chambers a specific acoustic impedance.
- the front opening 26 is located substantially at the location or in the vicinity of the moving element 12 of the loudspeaker 2.
- the separation means 16 constituted by the cylinders 20 and 21 define a chamber 17 in several successive sections, namely from upstream to downstream between the membrane 13, in particular its rear face 18 and the second opening 8: a first large resonance chamber 28, a tuning tunnel 29, a second large resonance chamber 30, and a decompression vent 31.
- the first large resonance chamber 28 has the general shape of a cylindrical crown, is limited at the front by the front wall 6, at the rear by the bottom 23 and on the sides by the faces 22 and 25. This first chamber 28 is immediately adjacent to the membrane 13 and situated on the side of its rear face 18. The first chamber 28 is in communication with the tuning tunnel 29 through the opening 26.
- the tuning tunnel 29 has a generally cylindrical shape bounded laterally by the face 25. This tuning tunnel is in communication with the second large chamber 30 through the opening 27.
- the second large chamber 30 has the complex shape illustrated in FIG. 2 and is limited towards the rear by the bottom 5 towards the front by the bottom 23 and the extreme posterior part of the lateral face 25 and on the side by the part rear end of the lateral face 4.
- This second large chamber 30 is in communication with the vent 31 due to the annular space 32 existing between the bottom 23 and the lateral face 22 and the lateral face 4.
- vent 31 it is in the form of a thin cylindrical crown limited by the lateral face 22, the anterior extreme part of the lateral face 4.
- the vent 31 opens as we have said, at the location of the second opening 8.
- the values given to the radii R i , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 and to the distances D 1 , D 2 and D 3 are intended to define the acoustic impedances of the chambers, tunnel and vent 28, 29, 30 and 31 and this according to the desired general characteristics of the enclosure.
- the enclosure which has just been described is of the open and not closed type since it comprises, in addition to the usual opening 7, a second opening 8.
- the acoustic enclosure is also of the unidirectional type since the acoustic emission by the second opening 8 is done so coaxial, in the same direction and close to the main emission by the first opening 7.
- the presence of the separation means 16, simple and light, is a positive factor with regard to the weight, size and cost of the 'acoustic speaker.
- the channeling chamber 17 comprising several successive chambers of determined acoustic impedance makes it possible to delay the emission of the rear wave relative to the front wave in particular of the order of a wavelength of the emission frequency critical, which is an element favorable to the acoustic quality of the speaker especially in low frequencies.
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Abstract
Description
On sait qu'une enceinte acoustique comporte, de façon générale un support et au moins un transducteur, notamment un haut-parleur, fixé au support et dont la face avant de la membrane est tournée vers une ouverture du support.It is known that an acoustic enclosure generally comprises a support and at least one transducer, in particular a loudspeaker, fixed to the support and the front face of the membrane facing an opening of the support.
Il est connu qu'une enceinte acoustique génère, du fait même de sa conception, des interférences, résultant de ce que la membrane du haut-parleur provoque, lorsqu'un signal est appliqué à l'entrée du haut-parleur, des mouvements concomitants et en opposition de phase de l'air d'une part vers l'avant et d'autre part vers l'arrière de la membrane. L'onde vers l'arrière de la membrane étant égale et en opposition de phase avec l'onde vers l'avant, l'addition des deux ondes conduit à une annulation de la tonalité qui bien entendu n'est pas satisfaisante.It is known that an acoustic enclosure generates, by the very design, interference, resulting from the fact that the diaphragm of the loudspeaker causes, when a signal is applied to the input of the loudspeaker, concomitant movements and in phase opposition of the air on the one hand towards the front and on the other hand towards the rear of the membrane. The wave towards the rear of the membrane being equal and in phase opposition with the wave towards the front, the addition of the two waves leads to a cancellation of the tone which of course is not satisfactory.
Pour résoudre ce problème, on a, à ce jour, utilisé essentiellement deux méthodes. La première vise à atténuer l'onde arrière de manière à diminuer l'effet négatif et préjudiciable qu'elle a sur l'onde avant. La seconde vise à transformer ou « manipuler » l'onde arrière de façon qu'elle vienne renforcer ou à tout le moins ne pas contrarier l'onde avant.To solve this problem, two methods have been used to date. The first aims to attenuate the rear wave so as to reduce the negative and detrimental effect it has on the front wave. The second aims to transform or "manipulate" the rear wave so that it comes to reinforce or at least not to thwart the front wave.
Un mode de mise en oeuvre de la première méthode est l'enceinte acoustique dite « infinie » dans laquelle le support se présente sous la forme d'un caisson rigide pourvu d'une ouverture unique devant laquelle est placée la face avant de la membrane du haut parleur, le caisson étant par ailleurs hermétiquement clos. Cette solution se révèle cependant ne pas être totalement satisfaisante. En effet, tout déplacement de la membrane provoque une variation de la pression de l'air contenu dans le caisson sollicitant la membrane dans le sens opposé à son déplacement ce qui conduit donc à un certain « amortissement de la membrane. Cet amortissement est d'autant plus élevé que le déplacement de la membrane est important, ce qui correspond aux basses fréquences d'utilisation de l'enceinte.One embodiment of the first method is the so-called “infinite” acoustic enclosure in which the support is in the form of a rigid box provided with a single opening in front of which is placed the front face of the membrane of the loudspeaker, the box being also hermetically sealed. This solution turns out, however, not to be completely satisfactory. Indeed, any movement of the membrane causes a variation in the pressure of the air contained in the box urging the membrane in the direction opposite to its movement, which therefore leads to a certain "damping of the membrane. This damping is all the higher as the displacement of the membrane is significant, which corresponds to the low frequencies of use of the enclosure.
Cette première méthode est illustrée notamment par les brevets français 1587 761 et 2260916. Dans le brevet 1587761 l'enceinte n'est pas unidirectionnelle. Dans le brevet 2 260 916, l'enceinte est unidirectionnelle et le caisson est partagé en deux compartiments réunis par une soupape ce qui a pour effet d'atténuer l'effet d'amortissement dont il est question sans toutefois procurer des résultats totalement satisfaisants.This first method is illustrated in particular by French patents 1587 761 and 2260916. In patent 1587761 the enclosure is not unidirectional. In
La seconde méthode peut faire l'objet de plusieurs modes de mise en oeuvre. Un premier mode de mise en oeuvre consiste en une enceinte dont le support se présente sous une forme plane dont le bord libre externe se trouve à une distance du haut-parleur correspondant approximativement à une demi-longueur d'onde de la fréquence sensible de manière que l'onde arrière atteignant la partie avant de l'enceinte prenne par rapport à l'onde avant un retard correspondant à une longueur d'onde. Il est clair que dans ce mode de mise en oeuvre, l'enceinte émet dans toutes les directions.The second method can be the subject of several modes of implementation. A first embodiment consists of an enclosure, the support of which is in a planar form, the external free edge of which is at a distance from the loudspeaker corresponding approximately to a half-wavelength of the sensitive frequency so that the rear wave reaching the front part of the enclosure take with respect to the front wave a delay corresponding to a wavelength. It is clear that in this embodiment, the enclosure emits in all directions.
Un second mode de mise en oeuvre est illustré par l'enceinte dite « bass-reflex dans laquelle l'onde arrière est canalisée pour d'une part subir un certain retard sur l'onde avant et d'autre part être dirigée selon une direction particulière par rapport à l'onde avant. On connaît de nombreuses formes de réalisation utilisant ce principe qui diffèrent selon le mode d'exécution des moyens de canalisation. A titre d'exemple on peut citer notamment les brevets américains 4033431, 3 978 941, 3 993 162 et 4 064 966. Ces systèmes présentent cependant de nombreux inconvénients : les moyens de canalisations sont loin d'être d'une efficacité totale. Ils sont généralement complexes donc coûteux, encombrants et lourds. L'enceinte acoustique est elle aussi coûteuse, encombrante, lourde et souvent d'une forme complexe inadaptée à l'usage souhaité de l'enceinte. De plus, la ou les directions et sens d'émission de l'onde arrière ne correspondent pas nécessairement à la direction et le sens d'émission de l'onde avant, de sorte que l'enceinte acoustique est le plus souvent non directive ou encore multi-directionnelle.A second mode of implementation is illustrated by the so-called “bass-reflex enclosure in which the rear wave is channeled so as to on the one hand undergo a certain delay on the front wave and on the other hand be directed in a direction particular compared to the front wave. Many embodiments are known using this principle which differ according to the embodiment of the channeling means. By way of example, there may be mentioned in particular the US patents 4033431, 3,978,941, 3,993,162 and 4,064,966. These systems however have numerous drawbacks: the means of pipelines are far from being completely effective. They are generally complex, therefore expensive, bulky and heavy. The acoustic enclosure is also expensive, bulky, heavy and often of a complex shape unsuitable for the desired use of the enclosure. In addition, the direction or directions and direction of emission of the rear wave do not necessarily correspond to the direction and direction of emission of the front wave, so that the acoustic enclosure is most often non-directive or still multi-directional.
Pour certains usages spécifiques, notamment la sonorisation de volumes restrictifs et l'emploi de microphones en particulier dans les salles de faible volume, il est nécessaire d'utiliser des enceintes acoustiques unidirectionnelles, c'est-à-dire à une direction unique et un sens unique d'émission sonore et non pas des enceintes acoustiques multidirectionnelles ou non directionnelles.For certain specific uses, in particular the sound system of restrictive volumes and the use of microphones in particular in rooms of low volume, it is necessary to use unidirectional loudspeakers, that is to say with a single direction and a single direction of sound emission and not multidirectional or non-directional loudspeakers.
Or, comme on l'a vu précédemment, les enceintes du type « infini et du type plat ne permettent pas une telle émission sonore unidirectionnelle. Les enceintes acoustiques du type « bass reflex se révèlent être également ou inadaptées, du fait que l'émission de l'onde arrière se fait dans une direction ou un sens différent de ceux de l'émission de l'onde avant, ou insatisfaisantes du fait que les moyens de canalisation de l'onde arrière présentent les inconvénients susmentionnés.However, as we have seen above, the “infinite” and “flat” type speakers do not allow such a unidirectional sound emission. Acoustic speakers of the “bass reflex” type appear to be also or unsuitable, since the emission of the rear wave is in a direction or a direction different from that of the emission of the front wave, or unsatisfactory. fact that the rear wave channeling means have the aforementioned drawbacks.
Le brevet français 843 643 décrit une enceinte acoustique unidirectionnelle comportant un caisson cylindrique et un haut-parleur dont la face avant est tournée vers une ouverture principale, de forme générale circulaire, du caisson. Celui-ci comporte une ouverture secondaire placée autour de la première ouverture, située au voisinage immédiat de la face latérale cylindrique du caisson. Une paroi de séparation cylindrique est placée dans le caisson et définit une chambre de canalisation de l'air.French patent 843 643 describes a unidirectional acoustic enclosure comprising a cylindrical box and a loudspeaker, the front face of which faces a main opening, of generally circular shape, of the box. This comprises a secondary opening placed around the first opening, located in the immediate vicinity of the cylindrical lateral face of the box. A cylindrical partition wall is placed in the box and defines an air channeling chamber.
Le brevet américain 3327808 décrit une enceinte acoustique dans laquelle l'onde arrière provenant du haut-parleur est canalisée en direction d'une ouverture secondaire à l'aide de moyens de séparation. L'onde arrière et l'onde avant sont en phase. Ce type d'enceinte est donc une enceinte « bass-reflex » et l'onde arrière est retardée par rapport à l'onde avant.American patent 3327808 describes an acoustic enclosure in which the rear wave coming from the loudspeaker is channeled in the direction of a secondary opening using separation means. The back wave and the wave before are in phase. This type of speaker is therefore a “bass-reflex” speaker and the rear wave is delayed compared to the front wave.
Comme indiqué ci-dessus, de telles enceintes ne sont pas très efficaces et sont souvent lourdes et encombrantes.As noted above, such speakers are not very efficient and are often heavy and bulky.
La présente invention vise donc à remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant une enceinte acoustique unidirectionnelle d'encombrement réduit, simple, aussi légère que possible, d'une forme permettant son usage en toutes conditions.The present invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a unidirectional acoustic enclosure of reduced size, simple, as light as possible, of a shape allowing its use in all conditions.
Ce but est atteint par le fait que l'enceinte acoustique unidirectionnelle selon l'invention comprend un caisson de forme cylindrique, rigide, ouvert à une extrémité, au moins un haut-parleur fixé au caisson et dont la face avant de la membrane est tournée vers l'ouverture principale du caisson, de forme générale circulaire, une unique ouverture secondaire dans le caisson, en forme générale de couronne circulaire placée autour et à proximité immédiate de l'ouverture principale et au voisinage immédiat de la face latérale cylindrique du caisson, des moyens de séparation, rigides, placés dans le caisson, définissant dans celui-ci une chambre de canalisation de l'air entre la face arrière de la membrane du haut-parleur et l'ouverture secondaire, ces moyens de séparation comprenant un cylindre extérieur coaxial au caisson dont la face latérale délimite avec le caisson une couronne cylindrique débouchant dans l'ouverture secondaire. Cette enceinte est caractérisée par le fait que les moyens de séparation comportent en outre un cylindre intérieur coaxial au caisson, le cylindre extérieur comportant un fond situé dans la partie médiane du caisson et comportant une ouverture centrale que traverse le cylindre intérieur, les moyens de séparation délimitant avec le caisson deux grandes chambres de résonance réunies par un tunnel d'accord, la seconde de ces grandes chambres étant en communication par l'intermédiaire de la couronne cylindrique, formant évent de décompression, avec l'ouverture secondaire, la première grande chambre étant délimitée par les parois des cylindres intérieur et extérieur et par le fond du cylindre extérieur, le tunnel d'accord étant délimité par le cylindre intérieur ouvert à ses deux extrémités, la distance D3 séparant l'extrémité avant du cylindre intérieur de l'ouverture principale étant inférieure à la distance séparant le fond du cylindre extérieur de l'ouverture principale.This object is achieved by the fact that the unidirectional acoustic enclosure according to the invention comprises a box of rigid cylindrical shape, open at one end, at least one loudspeaker fixed to the box and whose front face of the membrane is turned. towards the main opening of the box, of generally circular shape, a single secondary opening in the box, in the general shape of a circular crown placed around and in the immediate vicinity of the main opening and in the immediate vicinity of the cylindrical lateral face of the box, rigid separation means placed in the box, defining therein an air channeling chamber between the rear face of the loudspeaker membrane and the secondary opening, these separation means comprising an external cylinder coaxial with the box, the side face of which delimits with the box a cylindrical crown opening into the secondary opening. This enclosure is characterized by the fact that the separation means also comprise an internal cylinder coaxial with the box, the external cylinder comprising a bottom located in the middle part of the box and comprising a central opening through which the internal cylinder passes, the separation means delimiting with the box two large resonance chambers joined by a tuning tunnel, the second of these large chambers being in communication via the cylindrical crown, forming a decompression vent, with the secondary opening, the first large chamber being bounded by the walls of the inner and outer cylinders and by the bottom of the outer cylinder, the tuning tunnel being bounded by the inner cylinder open at its two ends, the distance D 3 separating the front end of the inner cylinder from the main opening being less than the distance between the bottom of the outer cylinder and the main opening.
Les autres caractéristiques de l'invention seront bien comprises grâce à la description qui suivra en référence aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique, en coupe, par un plan axial, illustrant une enceinte acoustique suivant l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique, en coupe par un plan transversal suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view, in section, through an axial plane, illustrating an acoustic enclosure according to the invention;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view, in section through a transverse plane along the line II-II of FIG. 1.
L'enceinte acoustique unidirectionnelle suivant l'invention comprend un caisson 1 et au moins un transducteur, notamment un haut parleur 2 fixé au caisson 1.The unidirectional acoustic enclosure according to the invention comprises a box 1 and at least one transducer, in particular a
Le caisson 1 a une forme générale cylindrique droite, de révolution autour d'un axe 3 et à base circulaire. L'axe 3 est un axe de révolution et de symétrie pour l'ensemble de l'enceinte acoustique.The box 1 has a generally straight cylindrical shape, of revolution about an axis 3 and with a circular base. Axis 3 is an axis of revolution and symmetry for the entire acoustic enclosure.
Le caisson 1 est limité par une face latérale cylindrique 4, un fond circulaire 5 à l'extrémité arrière du caisson 1 et une paroi frontale 6 à l'extrémité avant du caisson 1.The box 1 is limited by a cylindrical
Le caisson 1 c'est-à-dire sa face latérale 4, son fond 5 et sa paroi frontale 6 sont réalisés en un matériau d'une grande rigidité et donc pratiquement indéformable : notamment une matière plastique de manière à éviter toute mise en vibration du caisson par résonance acoustique.The box 1, that is to say its
La paroi frontale 6 est percée d'une première ouverture 7, principale, centrale et d'une seconde ouverture 8, secondaire, périphérique et de même axe 3 que l'ouverture principale 7.The front wall 6 is pierced with a first opening 7, main, central and with a second opening 8, secondary, peripheral and with the same axis 3 as the main opening 7.
La première ouverture 7 a une forme générale circulaire, de rayon Ri, limitée par un bord extérieur 9.The first opening 7 has a generally circular shape, of radius R i , limited by an outer edge 9.
La seconde ouverture 8 a une forme générale de couronne circulaire limitée par un bord circulaire intérieur 10, de rayon R2 et un bord circulaire extérieur 11, de rayon R3.The second opening 8 has the general shape of a circular crown limited by an inner
Selon l'invention le bord circulaire extérieur 11 est situé sur ou à proximité immédiate de la face latérale 4 de sorte que le rayon R3 est égal ou voisin du rayon R4 de la face latérale 4.According to the invention, the outer
La paroi frontale 6 a donc une forme générale de couronne circulaire d'axe 3 limitée vers l'intérieur par le bord 9 et vers l'extérieur par le bord 10.The front wall 6 therefore has the general shape of a circular crown of axis 3 limited inwards by the edge 9 and outwards by the
Suivant l'invention, la seconde ouverture 8 est située à proximité immédiate de la première ouverture 7 ce qui signifie que le rayon R2 est proche ou peu différent du rayon R1 et donc que la couronne circulaire constituant la paroi frontale 6 est de faible largeur par rapport à l'encombrement radial de l'ensemble du caisson 1.According to the invention, the second opening 8 is located in the immediate vicinity of the first opening 7, which means that the radius R 2 is close to or little different from the radius R 1 and therefore that the circular crown constituting the front wall 6 is small. width relative to the radial size of the entire box 1.
On notera que la réalisation du caisson 1 sous forme d'un cylindre correspond à la rigidité maximale souhaitée.It will be noted that the production of the box 1 in the form of a cylinder corresponds to the desired maximum rigidity.
Le haut-parleur 2, connu en soi, comporte un équipage mobile 12, représenté schématiquement, logé dans le caisson 1, pourvu de conducteurs d'amenée non représentés, émergeant du caisson 1 à tout endroit souhaité et notamment dans le fond 5, et également une membrane déformable 13 de forme exponentielle, d'axe 3, dont l'ouverture la plus large 14 est placée en regard et à proximité immédiate de la première ouverture 7 qui est donc située du côté de la face avant 15 de la membrane 13. La première ouverture 7 correspond à l'ouverture 14 de la membrane 13 et à cet effet le bord 9 de la première ouverture 7 est préférentiellement incliné, comme illustré sur la figure, pour venir au moins sensiblement dans le prolongement de la membrane 13.The
Le haut-parleur 2 est fixé, directement ou indirectement au caisson 1 par des moyens support appropriés, éventuellement élastiquement déformables, connus en soi et non représentés pour simplifier le dessin.The
L'enceinte acoustique suivant l'invention comprend également des moyens de séparation 16 d'une grande rigidité et pratiquement indéformables, placés dans le caisson 1 et définissant dans celui-ci une chambre 17 de canalisation de l'air entre la face arrière 18 de la membrane 13 et la seconde ouverture 8.The acoustic enclosure according to the invention also comprises separation means 16 of great rigidity and practically undeformable, placed in the box 1 and defining therein a
Les moyens de séparation 16 sont également de révolution autour de l'axe 3. Ils sont réalisés en tout matériau rigide approprié propre à leur conférer la rigidité souhaitée et notamment en matière plastique. Ces moyens de séparation 16 ne sont donc pas mis en vibration par résonance acoustique lors du fonctionnement de l'enceinte. Les moyens de séparation 16 sont rigidement supportés par le caisson 1 par tout moyen support 19 approprié tel que des entretoises représentées schématiquement sur la figure. Les moyens de séparation 16 sont étanches ce qui signifie que l'air doit effectivement cheminer tout le long de la chambre 17, sans possibilité de court-circuit acoustique, selon les flèches f.The separation means 16 are also of revolution around the axis 3. They are made of any suitable rigid material capable of giving them the desired rigidity and in particular of plastic. These separation means 16 are therefore not vibrated by acoustic resonance during the operation of the enclosure. The separation means 16 are rigidly supported by the box 1 by any suitable support means 19 such as spacers shown schematically in the figure. The separation means 16 are sealed, which means that the air must actually travel all along the
Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, la chambre 17 occupe la totalité du caisson 1 c'est-à-dire que l'ensemble de la cavité délimitée par le caisson l'est conformée grâce aux moyens de séparation 16 pour former la chambre 17.According to a characteristic of the invention, the
Suivant l'invention, la chambre 17 comprend plusieurs chambres successives et à cet effet les moyens de séparation 16 comprennent plusieurs parties.According to the invention, the
Les moyens de séparation 16 comportent deux cylindres soit un cylindre extérieur 20 et un cylindre intérieur 21, coaxiaux d'axe 3.The separation means 16 comprise two cylinders, an
Le cylindre extérieur 20 comprend une face latérale cylindrique 22 et un fond 23 à l'extrémité arrière de la face latérale 22. La face latérale 22 est attenante, à son extrémité avant à la paroi frontale 6, à l'endroit ou à proximité immédiate du bord 10. C'est dire que la face latérale 22 est d'un rayon égal ou voisin de R2 et située au voisinage de la face latérale 4 du caisson 1. Le fond 23 est écarté transversalement du fond 5 du caisson 1 d'une distance D1 et globalement situé dans la zone médiane du caisson 1 en un emplacement propre à définir des impédances acoustiques déterminées des différentes chambres constituant la chambre 17.The
Le fond 23 est percé d'une ouverture 24, centrale, circulaire, d'axe 3, de rayon R,5 avec laquelle coopère exactement et de façon étanche la face latérale 25 du cylindre intérieur 21, totalement ou seulement partiellement ouvert, vers l'avant et vers l'arrière par des ouvertures respectives 26 et 27.The bottom 23 is pierced with an
Comme cela apparaît sur la figure, le rayon R5 est sensiblement plus petit que le rayon R2 et éventuellement plus petit que le rayon R1. Il s'ensuit que la face latérale 25 est sensiblement écartée de la face latérale 22. La face latérale 25 est, comme on l'a déjà expliqué, à cheval sur le fond 23 de sorte que les ouvertures 26 et 27 sont placées respectivement de part et d'autre du fond 23. Pour l'essentiel cependant, la face latérale 25 est située vers l'avant du fond 23 c'est-à-dire à l'intérieur du cylindre extérieur 20 tandis qu'un tronçon plus restreint du cylindre intérieur 21 est placé vers l'arrière du fond 23 entre ce dernier et le fond 5 du caisson 1. En tout état de cause, l'ouverture arrière 27 est écartée du fond 5 d'une distance D2 propre à conférer aux différentes chambres de la chambre de canalisation 17 une impédance acoustique spécifique. L'ouverture avant 26 du cylindre intérieur 21 est également écartée transversalement de l'ouverture 7 d'une distance D3 propre à conférer aux chambres une impédance acoustique spécifique. Par exemple, l'ouverture avant 26 se trouve située sensiblement à l'endroit ou au voisinage de l'équipage mobile 12 du haut-parleur 2.As shown in the figure, the radius R 5 is significantly smaller than the radius R 2 and possibly smaller than the radius R 1 . It follows that the
Comme on l'a dit précédemment, les moyens de séparation 16 constitués par les cylindres 20 et 21 définissent une chambre 17 en plusieurs tronçons successifs à savoir de l'amont vers l'aval entre la membrane 13 notamment sa face arrière 18 et la seconde ouverture 8 : une première grande chambre de résonance 28, un tunnel d'accord 29, une seconde grande chambre de résonance 30, et un évent de décompression 31.As mentioned above, the separation means 16 constituted by the
La première grande chambre de résonance 28 a une forme générale de couronne cylindrique, est limitée à l'avant par la paroi frontale 6, à l'arrière par le fond 23 et sur les côtés par les faces 22 et 25. Cette première chambre 28 est immédiatement adjacente à la membrane 13 et située du côté de sa face arrière 18. La première chambre 28 est en communication avec le tunnel d'accord 29 par l'ouverture 26.The first
Le tunnel d'accord 29 a une forme générale cylindrique limitée latéralement par la face 25. Ce tunnel d'accord est en communication avec la seconde grande chambre 30 par l'ouverture 27.The tuning
La seconde grande chambre 30 a la forme complexe illustrée par la figure 2 et est limitée vers l'arrière par le fond 5 vers l'avant par le fond 23 et la partie extrême postérieure de la face latérale 25 et sur le côté par la partie extrême postérieure de la face latérale 4. Cette seconde grande chambre 30 est en communication avec l'évent 31 du fait de l'espace annulaire 32 existant entre le fond 23 et la face latérale 22 et la face latérale 4.The second large chamber 30 has the complex shape illustrated in FIG. 2 and is limited towards the rear by the
Quant à l'évent 31, il se présente sous la forme d'une couronne cylindrique mince limitée par la face latérale 22, la partie extrême antérieure de la face latérale 4. L'évent 31 débouche comme on l'a dit, à l'endroit de la seconde ouverture 8.As for the
Les valeurs données aux rayons Ri, R2, R3, R4 et R5 et aux distances D1, D2 et D3 sont destinées à définir les impédances acoustiques des chambres, tunnel et évent 28, 29, 30 et 31 et ce en fonction des caractéristiques générales souhaitées de l'enceinte.The values given to the radii R i , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 and to the distances D 1 , D 2 and D 3 are intended to define the acoustic impedances of the chambers, tunnel and vent 28, 29, 30 and 31 and this according to the desired general characteristics of the enclosure.
Ainsi, l'enceinte qui vient d'être décrite est du type ouverte et non close puisqu'elle comporte outre l'ouverture 7 habituelle, une seconde ouverture 8. L'enceinte acoustique est également du type unidirectionnel puisque l'émission acoustique par la seconde ouverture 8 se fait de façon coaxiale, dans le même sens et à proximité de l'émission principale par la première ouverture 7. La présence des moyens de séparation 16, simples et légers est un facteur positif en ce qui concerne le poids, l'encombrement et le coût de l'enceinte acoustique. La chambre de canalisation 17 comportant plusieurs chambres successives d'impédance acoustique déterminée permet de retarder l'émission de l'onde arrière par rapport à l'onde avant notamment de l'ordre d'une longueur d'onde de la fréquence d'émission critique, ce qui est un élément favorable à la qualité acoustique de l'enceinte notamment dans les basses fréquences. La réalisation de l'enceinte sous une forme de révolution permet une polyvalence d'emploi de cette enceinte tout en assurant un faible encombrement et un degré esthétique élevé. Une enceinte telle que celle qui vient d'être décrite n'a pas la nécessité de comporter les matelassages internes généralement utilisés. Ce matelassage est même, dans le cas de l'invention à écarter. Enfin, le fait que la chambre 17 soit ouverte et que la première chambre 28 soit suffisamment importante permet d'assurer un amortissement suffisant de la membrane 13 du haut-parleur, ni trop important, ni trop faible.Thus, the enclosure which has just been described is of the open and not closed type since it comprises, in addition to the usual opening 7, a second opening 8. The acoustic enclosure is also of the unidirectional type since the acoustic emission by the second opening 8 is done so coaxial, in the same direction and close to the main emission by the first opening 7. The presence of the separation means 16, simple and light, is a positive factor with regard to the weight, size and cost of the 'acoustic speaker. The channeling
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT79400564T ATE4405T1 (en) | 1978-08-16 | 1979-08-10 | UNIDIRECTIONAL ACOUSTIC ENCLOSURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7823848A FR2433879A1 (en) | 1978-08-16 | 1978-08-16 | UNIDIRECTIONAL ACOUSTIC SPEAKER |
FR7823848 | 1978-08-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0008274A1 EP0008274A1 (en) | 1980-02-20 |
EP0008274B1 true EP0008274B1 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
Family
ID=9211824
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP79400564A Expired EP0008274B1 (en) | 1978-08-16 | 1979-08-10 | Unidirectional acoustical enclosure |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4298087A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0008274B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE4405T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2966021D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES483380A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2433879A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (39)
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EP0040281A1 (en) * | 1980-05-20 | 1981-11-25 | Lady Bea Enterprises, Inc. | Loudspeaker and enclosure system with digital encoding phase shifted crossover network and self contained digital power drive system, and a modular method of utilizing moulded inserts |
DK147490C (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1985-05-28 | Jamo Hi Fi As | Bass-reflex speaker system |
US4567959A (en) * | 1985-04-10 | 1986-02-04 | Prophit David A | Speaker adapted to corner-loaded installation |
JPH0450718Y2 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1992-11-30 | ||
US4949386A (en) * | 1988-05-23 | 1990-08-14 | Hill Amel L | Speaker system |
JPH0298593U (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-08-06 | ||
US4924964A (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1990-05-15 | Olsen Michael P | Loudspeaker enclosure |
US5321756A (en) * | 1990-03-23 | 1994-06-14 | Patterson Jr James K | Loudspeaker system with sonically powered drivers and centered feedback loudspeaker connected thereto |
GB2245798B (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1994-06-15 | Tsao Ye Ming | Extensible acoustic enclosure |
US5191177A (en) * | 1991-06-27 | 1993-03-02 | Chi Yang H | Tube speaker |
US5359664A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-10-25 | Richard Steuben | Loudspeaker system |
US6062339A (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 2000-05-16 | Hathaway; Dana B. | Compact spiral cavity loudspeaker enclosure |
GB2310104A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-13 | Yang Yi Fu | Loud speaker enclosure and tunable audio reproduction apparatus |
US5920633A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1999-07-06 | Yang; Yi-Fu | Thin-wall multi-concentric cylinder speaker enclosure with audio amplifier tunable to listening room |
US5824969A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-10-20 | Takenaka; Masaaki | Speaker system with a three-dimensional spiral sound passage |
US6144751A (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2000-11-07 | Velandia; Erich M. | Concentrically aligned speaker enclosure |
US6345685B1 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2002-02-12 | Leigh D. Wells | Loudspeaker system |
TW568493U (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2003-12-21 | High Tech Comp Corp | Trumpet module |
US7207413B2 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2007-04-24 | Tbi Audio Systems Llc | Closed loop embedded audio transmission line technology for loudspeaker enclosures and systems |
US7450733B2 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2008-11-11 | Creative Technology Ltd. | Speaker with externally mounted acoustic extension |
US7575095B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2009-08-18 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Speaker |
US20070261911A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | George Nichols | Transducer enclosure |
US7436972B2 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2008-10-14 | Bouvier Peter M | Folded coaxial transmission line loudspeaker |
US20090211840A1 (en) * | 2008-02-23 | 2009-08-27 | Peigen Jiang | Loudspeaker Enclosure |
DE102009008376A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-12 | Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | receiver |
CN102036136A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-27 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Portable sound box |
TW201134233A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-01 | Zhao-Lang Wang | Audio radiation type reflective sound box structure |
CN102209285A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-05 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Loudspeaker box |
DK2859736T3 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2017-05-01 | Jda Tech Llc | SPEAKER CABINETS WITH CONNECTIONS |
CN104811873B (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2019-02-15 | 北京太和开元科技有限公司 | Sounding device |
CN106303771B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2020-01-03 | 迪芬尼香港有限公司 | Omnidirectional phase reversal sound box structure |
JP6520520B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2019-05-29 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | Speaker and headphones |
FR3052950B1 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2019-05-17 | Ecri Electronic | APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCTION OR TREATMENT OF INTERCHANGEABLE INTERCHANGEABLE SOUNDS |
US10405084B2 (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-09-03 | Bose Corporation | Loudspeaker with deflector at a port exit |
US11265645B2 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2022-03-01 | Apple Inc. | Acoustic chambers damped with side-branch resonators, and related systems and methods |
US11330364B1 (en) | 2021-01-12 | 2022-05-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ported speaker assembly |
WO2024065623A1 (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Acoustic cavity design for loudspeaker enclosures |
WO2024087006A1 (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-05-02 | 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 | Loudspeaker |
US11991497B1 (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-21 | xMEMS Labs, Inc. | Acoustic device and holder flattening frequency response |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR843643A (en) * | 1938-03-12 | 1939-07-06 | Materiel Telephonique | Translators of electrical energy into acoustic energy and related provisions |
US3122215A (en) * | 1962-02-05 | 1964-02-25 | Eugene E Sutton | Resonant, acoustical booster with air damping |
US3327808A (en) * | 1965-06-10 | 1967-06-27 | Dyna Empire Inc | Loud speaker housing |
US3638753A (en) * | 1970-08-31 | 1972-02-01 | Paul E Cunningham | Barrel speaker enclosure |
FR2127283A5 (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1972-10-13 | Farrache Jean |
-
1978
- 1978-08-16 FR FR7823848A patent/FR2433879A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-08-10 DE DE7979400564T patent/DE2966021D1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-10 EP EP79400564A patent/EP0008274B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-10 AT AT79400564T patent/ATE4405T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-08-14 ES ES483380A patent/ES483380A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-15 US US06/066,539 patent/US4298087A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2433879B1 (en) | 1983-10-28 |
ATE4405T1 (en) | 1983-08-15 |
EP0008274A1 (en) | 1980-02-20 |
FR2433879A1 (en) | 1980-03-14 |
US4298087A (en) | 1981-11-03 |
DE2966021D1 (en) | 1983-09-08 |
ES483380A1 (en) | 1980-06-16 |
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