EP0008274B1 - Unidirektionales akustisches Gehäuse - Google Patents

Unidirektionales akustisches Gehäuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0008274B1
EP0008274B1 EP79400564A EP79400564A EP0008274B1 EP 0008274 B1 EP0008274 B1 EP 0008274B1 EP 79400564 A EP79400564 A EP 79400564A EP 79400564 A EP79400564 A EP 79400564A EP 0008274 B1 EP0008274 B1 EP 0008274B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
opening
cylinder
loudspeaker
box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79400564A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0008274A1 (de
Inventor
Dominique Launay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT79400564T priority Critical patent/ATE4405T1/de
Publication of EP0008274A1 publication Critical patent/EP0008274A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0008274B1 publication Critical patent/EP0008274B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers

Definitions

  • an acoustic enclosure generally comprises a support and at least one transducer, in particular a loudspeaker, fixed to the support and the front face of the membrane facing an opening of the support.
  • an acoustic enclosure generates, by the very design, interference, resulting from the fact that the diaphragm of the loudspeaker causes, when a signal is applied to the input of the loudspeaker, concomitant movements and in phase opposition of the air on the one hand towards the front and on the other hand towards the rear of the membrane.
  • the wave towards the rear of the membrane being equal and in phase opposition with the wave towards the front, the addition of the two waves leads to a cancellation of the tone which of course is not satisfactory.
  • the first aims to attenuate the rear wave so as to reduce the negative and detrimental effect it has on the front wave.
  • the second aims to transform or "manipulate" the rear wave so that it comes to reinforce or at least not to thwart the front wave.
  • One embodiment of the first method is the so-called “infinite” acoustic enclosure in which the support is in the form of a rigid box provided with a single opening in front of which is placed the front face of the membrane of the loudspeaker, the box being also hermetically sealed.
  • This solution turns out, however, not to be completely satisfactory. Indeed, any movement of the membrane causes a variation in the pressure of the air contained in the box urging the membrane in the direction opposite to its movement, which therefore leads to a certain "damping of the membrane. This damping is all the higher as the displacement of the membrane is significant, which corresponds to the low frequencies of use of the enclosure.
  • a first embodiment consists of an enclosure, the support of which is in a planar form, the external free edge of which is at a distance from the loudspeaker corresponding approximately to a half-wavelength of the sensitive frequency so that the rear wave reaching the front part of the enclosure take with respect to the front wave a delay corresponding to a wavelength. It is clear that in this embodiment, the enclosure emits in all directions.
  • a second mode of implementation is illustrated by the so-called “bass-reflex enclosure in which the rear wave is channeled so as to on the one hand undergo a certain delay on the front wave and on the other hand be directed in a direction particular compared to the front wave.
  • Many embodiments are known using this principle which differ according to the embodiment of the channeling means.
  • US patents 4033431, 3,978,941, 3,993,162 and 4,064,966 have numerous drawbacks: the means of pipelines are far from being completely effective. They are generally complex, therefore expensive, bulky and heavy.
  • the acoustic enclosure is also expensive, bulky, heavy and often of a complex shape unsuitable for the desired use of the enclosure.
  • the direction or directions and direction of emission of the rear wave do not necessarily correspond to the direction and direction of emission of the front wave, so that the acoustic enclosure is most often non-directive or still multi-directional.
  • the “infinite” and “flat” type speakers do not allow such a unidirectional sound emission.
  • Acoustic speakers of the “bass reflex” type appear to be also or unsuitable, since the emission of the rear wave is in a direction or a direction different from that of the emission of the front wave, or unsatisfactory. fact that the rear wave channeling means have the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • French patent 843 643 describes a unidirectional acoustic enclosure comprising a cylindrical box and a loudspeaker, the front face of which faces a main opening, of generally circular shape, of the box. This comprises a secondary opening placed around the first opening, located in the immediate vicinity of the cylindrical lateral face of the box. A cylindrical partition wall is placed in the box and defines an air channeling chamber.
  • the present invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a unidirectional acoustic enclosure of reduced size, simple, as light as possible, of a shape allowing its use in all conditions.
  • the unidirectional acoustic enclosure comprises a box of rigid cylindrical shape, open at one end, at least one loudspeaker fixed to the box and whose front face of the membrane is turned.
  • a single secondary opening in the box in the general shape of a circular crown placed around and in the immediate vicinity of the main opening and in the immediate vicinity of the cylindrical lateral face of the box, rigid separation means placed in the box, defining therein an air channeling chamber between the rear face of the loudspeaker membrane and the secondary opening, these separation means comprising an external cylinder coaxial with the box, the side face of which delimits with the box a cylindrical crown opening into the secondary opening.
  • the separation means also comprise an internal cylinder coaxial with the box, the external cylinder comprising a bottom located in the middle part of the box and comprising a central opening through which the internal cylinder passes, the separation means delimiting with the box two large resonance chambers joined by a tuning tunnel, the second of these large chambers being in communication via the cylindrical crown, forming a decompression vent, with the secondary opening, the first large chamber being bounded by the walls of the inner and outer cylinders and by the bottom of the outer cylinder, the tuning tunnel being bounded by the inner cylinder open at its two ends, the distance D 3 separating the front end of the inner cylinder from the main opening being less than the distance between the bottom of the outer cylinder and the main opening.
  • the unidirectional acoustic enclosure comprises a box 1 and at least one transducer, in particular a speaker 2 fixed to the box 1.
  • the box 1 has a generally straight cylindrical shape, of revolution about an axis 3 and with a circular base.
  • Axis 3 is an axis of revolution and symmetry for the entire acoustic enclosure.
  • the box 1 is limited by a cylindrical lateral face 4, a circular bottom 5 at the rear end of the box 1 and a front wall 6 at the front end of the box 1.
  • the box 1, that is to say its lateral face 4, its bottom 5 and its front wall 6 are made of a material of great rigidity and therefore practically undeformable: in particular a plastic material so as to avoid any vibration of the box by acoustic resonance.
  • the front wall 6 is pierced with a first opening 7, main, central and with a second opening 8, secondary, peripheral and with the same axis 3 as the main opening 7.
  • the first opening 7 has a generally circular shape, of radius R i , limited by an outer edge 9.
  • the second opening 8 has the general shape of a circular crown limited by an inner circular edge 10, of radius R 2 and an outer circular edge 11, of radius R 3 .
  • the outer circular edge 11 is located on or in the immediate vicinity of the lateral face 4 so that the radius R 3 is equal to or close to the radius R 4 of the lateral face 4.
  • the front wall 6 therefore has the general shape of a circular crown of axis 3 limited inwards by the edge 9 and outwards by the edge 10.
  • the second opening 8 is located in the immediate vicinity of the first opening 7, which means that the radius R 2 is close to or little different from the radius R 1 and therefore that the circular crown constituting the front wall 6 is small. width relative to the radial size of the entire box 1.
  • the loudspeaker 2 known per se, comprises a movable element 12, shown diagrammatically, housed in the box 1, provided with supply conductors not shown, emerging from the box 1 at any desired location and in particular in the bottom 5, and also a deformable membrane 13 of exponential shape, of axis 3, the widest opening 14 of which is placed opposite and in the immediate vicinity of the first opening 7 which is therefore located on the side of the front face 15 of the membrane 13
  • the first opening 7 corresponds to the opening 14 of the membrane 13 and for this purpose the edge 9 of the first opening 7 is preferably inclined, as illustrated in the figure, to come at least substantially in the extension of the membrane 13.
  • the loudspeaker 2 is fixed, directly or indirectly to the box 1 by suitable support means, possibly elastically deformable, known per se and not shown for simplify the drawing.
  • the acoustic enclosure according to the invention also comprises separation means 16 of great rigidity and practically undeformable, placed in the box 1 and defining therein a chamber 17 for channeling the air between the rear face 18 of the membrane 13 and the second opening 8.
  • the separation means 16 are also of revolution around the axis 3. They are made of any suitable rigid material capable of giving them the desired rigidity and in particular of plastic. These separation means 16 are therefore not vibrated by acoustic resonance during the operation of the enclosure.
  • the separation means 16 are rigidly supported by the box 1 by any suitable support means 19 such as spacers shown schematically in the figure.
  • the separation means 16 are sealed, which means that the air must actually travel all along the chamber 17, without the possibility of an acoustic short circuit, according to the arrows f.
  • the chamber 17 occupies the entire casing 1, that is to say that the whole of the cavity delimited by the casing is shaped by means of the separation means 16 to form the chamber 17 .
  • the chamber 17 comprises several successive chambers and for this purpose the separation means 16 comprise several parts.
  • the separation means 16 comprise two cylinders, an outer cylinder 20 and an inner cylinder 21, coaxial with axis 3.
  • the outer cylinder 20 comprises a cylindrical side face 22 and a bottom 23 at the rear end of the side face 22.
  • the side face 22 is attached, at its front end to the front wall 6, at the place or in the immediate vicinity edge 10.
  • This means that the lateral face 22 is of a radius equal to or close to R 2 and located in the vicinity of the lateral face 4 of the box 1.
  • the bottom 23 is spaced transversely from the bottom 5 of the box 1 d 'a distance D 1 and generally located in the middle zone of the box 1 at a location suitable for defining determined acoustic impedances of the different chambers constituting the chamber 17.
  • the bottom 23 is pierced with an opening 24, central, circular, of axis 3, of radius R, 5 with which the lateral face 25 of the inner cylinder 21, fully or only partially open, cooperates exactly and in leaktight fashion. forward and backward through respective openings 26 and 27.
  • the radius R 5 is significantly smaller than the radius R 2 and possibly smaller than the radius R 1 .
  • the side face 25 is substantially spaced from the side face 22.
  • the side face 25 is, as already explained, straddling the bottom 23 so that the openings 26 and 27 are placed respectively on either side of the bottom 23.
  • the lateral face 25 is located towards the front of the bottom 23, that is to say inside the outer cylinder 20 while a more restricted section of the inner cylinder 21 is placed towards the rear of the bottom 23 between the latter and the bottom 5 of the box 1.
  • the rear opening 27 is spaced from the bottom 5 by a distance D 2 suitable for giving the different chambers of the channeling chamber 17 a specific acoustic impedance.
  • the front opening 26 of the inner cylinder 21 is also spaced transversely from the opening 7 by a distance D 3 suitable for giving the chambers a specific acoustic impedance.
  • the front opening 26 is located substantially at the location or in the vicinity of the moving element 12 of the loudspeaker 2.
  • the separation means 16 constituted by the cylinders 20 and 21 define a chamber 17 in several successive sections, namely from upstream to downstream between the membrane 13, in particular its rear face 18 and the second opening 8: a first large resonance chamber 28, a tuning tunnel 29, a second large resonance chamber 30, and a decompression vent 31.
  • the first large resonance chamber 28 has the general shape of a cylindrical crown, is limited at the front by the front wall 6, at the rear by the bottom 23 and on the sides by the faces 22 and 25. This first chamber 28 is immediately adjacent to the membrane 13 and situated on the side of its rear face 18. The first chamber 28 is in communication with the tuning tunnel 29 through the opening 26.
  • the tuning tunnel 29 has a generally cylindrical shape bounded laterally by the face 25. This tuning tunnel is in communication with the second large chamber 30 through the opening 27.
  • the second large chamber 30 has the complex shape illustrated in FIG. 2 and is limited towards the rear by the bottom 5 towards the front by the bottom 23 and the extreme posterior part of the lateral face 25 and on the side by the part rear end of the lateral face 4.
  • This second large chamber 30 is in communication with the vent 31 due to the annular space 32 existing between the bottom 23 and the lateral face 22 and the lateral face 4.
  • vent 31 it is in the form of a thin cylindrical crown limited by the lateral face 22, the anterior extreme part of the lateral face 4.
  • the vent 31 opens as we have said, at the location of the second opening 8.
  • the values given to the radii R i , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 and to the distances D 1 , D 2 and D 3 are intended to define the acoustic impedances of the chambers, tunnel and vent 28, 29, 30 and 31 and this according to the desired general characteristics of the enclosure.
  • the enclosure which has just been described is of the open and not closed type since it comprises, in addition to the usual opening 7, a second opening 8.
  • the acoustic enclosure is also of the unidirectional type since the acoustic emission by the second opening 8 is done so coaxial, in the same direction and close to the main emission by the first opening 7.
  • the presence of the separation means 16, simple and light, is a positive factor with regard to the weight, size and cost of the 'acoustic speaker.
  • the channeling chamber 17 comprising several successive chambers of determined acoustic impedance makes it possible to delay the emission of the rear wave relative to the front wave in particular of the order of a wavelength of the emission frequency critical, which is an element favorable to the acoustic quality of the speaker especially in low frequencies.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Einseitig gerichtete Tonbox mit einer an einer Seite geöffneten und starren Kammer (1) zylindrischer Form, mindestens 1 an der Kammer (1) befestigter Lautsprecher (2), dessen Vorderseite der Membran (15) zur Hauptöffnung (7) der Kammer gerichtet ist, mit einer allgemeinen kreisförmigen Form, mit einer einzigen Sekundäröffnung (8) in der Kammer, die die allgemeine Form einer um die Hauptöffnung (7) herum und in nächster Näher dieser sowie in nächster Nähe der seitlichen zylindrischen Seite der Kammer gelegenen kreisförmigen Krone annimmt, mit in der Kammer angebrachten starren Abtrennungen (16), die in dieser Kammer eine Luftführungskammer zwischen der hinteren Seite der Membran des Lautsprechers und der Sekundäröffnung bilden, wobei diese Abtrennungen (16) einen äusseren koaxial zur Kammer gelegenen Zylinder (20), dessen seitliche Seite (22) mit der Kammer (1) eine zylindrische Krone (31), die in die Sekundäröffnung (8) einmündet, bildet, umfassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abtrennungen (20, 21) noch einen zur Kammer koaxial gelegenen inneren Zylinder (21) umfassen, wobei der äussere Zylinder (20) mit einem im mittleren Teil der Kammer (1) gelegenen Boden (23) und mit einer mittleren Öffnung (24), welche der innere Zylinder (21) durchquert, versehen ist, wobei die Abtrennungen (20, 21) in der Kammer (1) zwei grosse Resonanzkammern (28, 30), die durch einen Abstimmkanal (29) verbunden sind, bilden, wobei die zweite dieser beiden grossen Kammern (30) über die zylindrische Krone (31), die als Dekompressionsöffnung dient, mit der Sekundär- öffnung (8) in Verbindung steht, wobei die erste grosse Kammer (28) durch die Wände des inneren (21) und des äusseren (20) Zylinders und durch den Boden (23) des äusseren Zylinders abgegrenzt wird, wobei der Abstimmkanal (29) durch den an beiden Seiten (26, 27) offen stehenden inneren Zylinder (21) abgegrenzt wird, wobei der Abstand (D3) zwischen dem vorderen Ende (26) des inneren Zylinders und der Hauptöffnung (7) geringer ist als der Abstand zwischen dem Boden (23) des äusseren Zylinders (20) und der Hauptöffnung (7).
2. Einseitig gerichtete Tonbox gemäss dem Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die jeweiligen Abmessungen und die relativen Anbringungsstellen der Kammer (1), des äusseren Zylinders (20) und des inneren Zylinders (21) zum Zweck haben, für die Kammern, für den Kanal und für die Öffnung (28), (29), (30), (31) akustische Strömungswiderstände zu bilden, die den der Box eigenen Eigenschaften entsprechen.
3. Einseitig gerichtete Tonbox gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kammern, der Kanal und die Öffnung (28), (29), (30) und (31) es erlauben, eine Verschiebung von ca. einer Wellenlänge der gewünschten kristischen Frequenz zwischen der hinteren Welle und der vorderen Welle einzuführen.
4. Einseitig gerichtete Tonbox gemäss irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit keinerlei inneren Polsterung versehen ist.
EP79400564A 1978-08-16 1979-08-10 Unidirektionales akustisches Gehäuse Expired EP0008274B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79400564T ATE4405T1 (de) 1978-08-16 1979-08-10 Unidirektionales akustisches gehaeuse.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7823848A FR2433879A1 (fr) 1978-08-16 1978-08-16 Enceinte acoustique unidirectionnelle
FR7823848 1978-08-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0008274A1 EP0008274A1 (de) 1980-02-20
EP0008274B1 true EP0008274B1 (de) 1983-08-03

Family

ID=9211824

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400564A Expired EP0008274B1 (de) 1978-08-16 1979-08-10 Unidirektionales akustisches Gehäuse

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4298087A (de)
EP (1) EP0008274B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE4405T1 (de)
DE (1) DE2966021D1 (de)
ES (1) ES483380A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2433879A1 (de)

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DK147490C (da) * 1981-02-03 1985-05-28 Jamo Hi Fi As Basrefleks-hoejttalersystem
US4567959A (en) * 1985-04-10 1986-02-04 Prophit David A Speaker adapted to corner-loaded installation
JPH0450718Y2 (de) * 1986-02-28 1992-11-30
US4949386A (en) * 1988-05-23 1990-08-14 Hill Amel L Speaker system
JPH0298593U (de) * 1989-01-23 1990-08-06
US4924964A (en) * 1989-07-24 1990-05-15 Olsen Michael P Loudspeaker enclosure
US5321756A (en) * 1990-03-23 1994-06-14 Patterson Jr James K Loudspeaker system with sonically powered drivers and centered feedback loudspeaker connected thereto
GB2245798B (en) * 1990-06-29 1994-06-15 Tsao Ye Ming Extensible acoustic enclosure
US5191177A (en) * 1991-06-27 1993-03-02 Chi Yang H Tube speaker
US5359664A (en) * 1992-03-31 1994-10-25 Richard Steuben Loudspeaker system
US6062339A (en) * 1995-11-27 2000-05-16 Hathaway; Dana B. Compact spiral cavity loudspeaker enclosure
GB2310104A (en) * 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 Yang Yi Fu Loud speaker enclosure and tunable audio reproduction apparatus
US5920633A (en) * 1996-02-12 1999-07-06 Yang; Yi-Fu Thin-wall multi-concentric cylinder speaker enclosure with audio amplifier tunable to listening room
US5824969A (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-10-20 Takenaka; Masaaki Speaker system with a three-dimensional spiral sound passage
US6144751A (en) * 1998-02-24 2000-11-07 Velandia; Erich M. Concentrically aligned speaker enclosure
US6345685B1 (en) 2000-01-26 2002-02-12 Leigh D. Wells Loudspeaker system
TW568493U (en) * 2003-01-21 2003-12-21 High Tech Comp Corp Trumpet module
US7207413B2 (en) * 2003-06-02 2007-04-24 Tbi Audio Systems Llc Closed loop embedded audio transmission line technology for loudspeaker enclosures and systems
US7450733B2 (en) * 2004-01-23 2008-11-11 Creative Technology Ltd. Speaker with externally mounted acoustic extension
US7575095B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2009-08-18 Lg Electronics Inc. Speaker
US20070261911A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-15 George Nichols Transducer enclosure
US7436972B2 (en) * 2006-06-28 2008-10-14 Bouvier Peter M Folded coaxial transmission line loudspeaker
US20090211840A1 (en) * 2008-02-23 2009-08-27 Peigen Jiang Loudspeaker Enclosure
DE102009008376A1 (de) 2009-02-11 2010-08-12 Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg Hörer
CN102036136A (zh) * 2009-09-29 2011-04-27 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 便携式音箱
TW201134233A (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-10-01 Zhao-Lang Wang Audio radiation type reflective sound box structure
CN102209285A (zh) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-05 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 音箱
CN104584583B (zh) * 2012-06-07 2017-09-15 Jda技术有限公司 带通道的音频扬声器壳体
CN104811873B (zh) * 2014-12-23 2019-02-15 北京太和开元科技有限公司 发声装置
CN106303771B (zh) * 2015-05-28 2020-01-03 迪芬尼香港有限公司 全向倒相音箱结构
JP6520520B2 (ja) * 2015-07-24 2019-05-29 株式会社Ｊｖｃケンウッド スピーカ及びヘッドホン
FR3052950B1 (fr) * 2016-06-15 2019-05-17 Ecri Electronic Appareil de reproduction ou de traitement des sons a habillage interchangeable
US10405084B2 (en) * 2017-08-30 2019-09-03 Bose Corporation Loudspeaker with deflector at a port exit
US11265645B2 (en) * 2018-09-24 2022-03-01 Apple Inc. Acoustic chambers damped with side-branch resonators, and related systems and methods
US11330364B1 (en) 2021-01-12 2022-05-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ported speaker assembly
WO2024065623A1 (en) * 2022-09-30 2024-04-04 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Acoustic cavity design for loudspeaker enclosures
WO2024087006A1 (zh) * 2022-10-25 2024-05-02 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 扬声器
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FR2127283A5 (de) * 1971-03-03 1972-10-13 Farrache Jean

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES483380A1 (es) 1980-06-16
US4298087A (en) 1981-11-03
EP0008274A1 (de) 1980-02-20
FR2433879A1 (fr) 1980-03-14
ATE4405T1 (de) 1983-08-15
FR2433879B1 (de) 1983-10-28
DE2966021D1 (en) 1983-09-08

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