EP3371343B1 - Treatment device for pickling and phosphating metal parts - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates according to claim 1 to a treatment device for the treatment of objects.

Previous treatment systems for phosphating objects require a variety of steps, in particular 7 steps, and for this purpose have a variety of different baths. The object is first inserted into a first bath, in which a first liquid is provided for degreasing the article. After degreasing, the article must be pumped out of the first bath and into a second bath. In the second bath, a rinsing liquid is provided for rinsing the article. After rinsing, the article is conveyed to a third bath. The third bath is filled with a hydrochloric acid / sulfuric acid mixture. After the hydrochloric acid / sulfuric acid treatment, the article is successively conveyed into two further baths each filled with a rinsing liquid for rinsing the article. Furthermore, the article is conveyed after the last rinse in a bath for passivation. After passivation, the article is phosphated and then conveyed to another location for drying. In such a system, the highly toxic and environmentally harmful chemicals in the degreasing baths and in the treatment baths must be completely changed after about 6 to 8 weeks of production time, because the chemicals are worn out after this time and sludge must be removed from the baths. This means a shutdown of the system and high replacement and disposal costs.

It can be seen that the systems known from the prior art, on the one hand, require a great deal of space, since they have to provide six different baths and, on the other hand, require a great many different chemical substances in large quantities. Furthermore, conveying the articles from one bath to the next requires a great deal of time, corresponding transport systems and operating personnel. Furthermore, the chemicals used are toxic or harmful to the environment, for example, sulfuric acids and hydrochloric acids are used, which either expensive safety measures must be performed or there is a high risk to personnel and the environment and the mostly steel hall construction.

Furthermore, a hydrogen embrittlement of the treated workpieces or treatment objects should be prevented. Hydrogen embrittlement usually occurs through the penetration and incorporation of hydrogen into a metal grid and can result in material fatigue. Hydrogen embrittlement occurs when the metal surface, either through hydrogen corrosion or another chemical reaction in metal processing involving hydrogen, produces atomic hydrogen, which binds to the material more quickly than it does at the material surface diffusible H ₂ molecules zusammenfügt together. Part of the hydrogen is stored in the metal grid or accumulates at defects or at the grain boundary. Depending on the load of the respective object, eg by the initiation of tensile and / or load voltages, there is a risk of material failure.

The prior art according to Art. 54 (3) EPC is the document published on 05.11.2015 and filed on 04.02.2015 WO2015 / 165600 which discloses a treatment apparatus for one-step treatment of a metallic article of treatment, the treatment comprising pickling and phosphating the article of treatment. This treatment device comprises a treatment container for receiving the treatment object and for receiving a flowable treatment substance, and a pumping device for exchanging at least a portion of the treatment substance, wherein at least a part of the treatment object, in particular the entire treatment object, is flowed around by the treatment substance.

Further relevant attachments are from the publications

" Betona Crystal Pickling Process ", 2012, XP055342685, Rio GmbH, Ummendorf [EN] and

HORSCHIG J: "Stain and phosphatize with a dip", better lacquer., March 13, 2013, XP055340858, Vincentz Network, Hannover [DE]

known.

The above-mentioned article by HORSCHIG J (see https: // www.besserlackieren.de/Technologien-Substrate/MetalIlackierung/ mit-ein-Tauchbad-pick-and-phosphatieren) refers to corrosion protection and the adhesion of the paint, where only still a pickling phosphating is provided.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a treatment device, wherein by the treatment device according to the invention and a described treatment method at least one disadvantage and preferably several and more preferably all the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known from the prior art treatment plants for phosphating Objects should be avoided. Particularly preferably, the surface finish of a treatment article treated according to the invention is to be improved.

The aforementioned object is achieved according to a first aspect of the invention by a treatment device according to claim 1.

The treatment substance usable in the device is a solution containing phosphorus or phosphate, which consists of water and a reaction substance, the reaction substance being phosphorus or a phosphate and preferably at least one additional treatment effect improving substance, in particular one or more inhibitors Water, in particular deionized water, consists, wherein the proportion of phosphorus or phosphate to the reaction substance between 60% vol. and 85% vol. is and preferably between 70% vol. and 80% vol. and more preferably between 73% vol. and 77% vol. and most preferably between 74% vol. and 76% vol., such as 76% vol., Is. The treatment effect improving substance, in particular one or more inhibitors, is preferably in an amount of 0.1% vol. up to 2.5 vol. % preferably between 0.2% vol. and 2% vol. and more preferably between 0.5% vol. and 1.5% vol. the reaction substance. The of 100% vol. lacking further portions are preferably formed by water, in particular demineralized water. Preferably, the reaction substance has no proportions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid and further preferably does not contain any proportions of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, lead, mercury and selenium. Further, the reaction substance is mixed with water in a predetermined ratio, wherein the predetermined ratio is between a lower limit and an upper limit, the lower limit is defined by a mixture in a ratio of 1kg reaction substance to 4 liters of water and the upper limit by a mixture of 1 kg of reaction substance is defined to 8 liters of water, in particular, the mixture is present in a ratio of 1 kg of reaction substance to 6 liters of water.

The reaction substance is thus preferably mixed with water in a ratio of 1 kg of reaction substance to 4 liters of water and 1 kg of reaction substance to 8 liters of water, in particular in a ratio of 1 kg of reaction substance to 6 liters of water and 1 kg of reaction substance to 7.8 liters of water mixed with water, in particular in a ratio of exactly or substantially 1 kg of reaction substance to 6.5 liters of water or in a ratio of exactly or substantially 1 kg Reaction substance to 6.8 liters of water or in a ratio of exactly or substantially 1kg reaction substance to 7 liters of water or in a ratio of exactly or substantially 1kg reaction substance to 7.2 liters of water or in a ratio of exactly or substantially 1kg reaction substance mixed to 7.5 liters of water.

This solution is advantageous since, for a further coating, in particular production of an adhesion-promoting layer and / or galvanizing, it is possible to produce on the object to be treated and / or an advantageous cleaning of the object to be treated takes place. By the generated protective layer is e.g. when galvanizing the subject of the treatment reduces or prevents the formation of Tros or hard zinc. The formation of hard zinc has a significant effect on the costs of galvanizing, since the hard zinc deposits in the zinc bath and consuming it must be removed, resulting in long downtime and thus high costs. Reduction or prevention of hard zinc formation thus has considerable positive effects on the production speed and production costs of metallic objects undergoing galvanizing. Furthermore, by the protective layer e.g. prevents the material of the treatment article from oxidizing, whereby a treatment article treated by means of the device according to the invention may be exposed to the air much longer than an untreated article.

According to the present invention, a swirling device is provided for swirling up impurities depositing in the treatment substance, in particular solid particles, wherein the swirling device has at least one supply device and a fluid line element with a plurality of outlet openings for supplying a fluidizing fluid to the treatment substance, the fluidization fluid passing through the supply device the fluid conduit element at a pressure greater than 200 kPa (2 bar), in particular greater than 300 kPa (3 bar) or greater than 400 kPa (4 bar) or greater than 500 kPa (5 bar) or greater than 600 kPa (6 bar) or more than 700 kPa (7 bar) or up to 1 MPa (10 bar) or up to 1.5 MPa (15 bar) or up to 2 MPa (20 bar).

This is advantageous because no toxic or environmentally harmful chemicals are used. Furthermore, the treatment substance does not have to be exchanged and disposed of every 6-8 weeks, since the treatment device according to the invention provides a system structure in which the used chemistry is constantly cleaned. By evaporation and carryover resulting losses of the treatment substance can be replenished by the addition of water and the reaction substance, which makes it possible is that the required number of changes in the treatment substance per year on less than 4 changes, especially 2 or less than 2 changes, to 1 or less than 1 change, is reducible. Preferably, the treatment substance is replaced only when there is a predetermined concentration of dissolved iron in the treatment substance, wherein an exchange preferably takes place only at a dissolved iron concentration of more than 2%. Furthermore, by the inventive solution contaminants or impurities, especially sludge and / or metal or rust particles, prevented from depositing and / or removed from accumulations formed by deposits. The accumulations can be separated again by the swirling device, whereby the impurities can again be kept as suspended matter in the treatment substance. As suspended matter, the impurities can then be discharged out of the receiving space by supplying portions of the treatment substance to the filter device.

The fluid conduit element according to the present invention forms a plurality of conduit sections which can be decoupled from one another at least functionally or fluidically by means of valve devices, wherein at least the majority of the conduit sections are arranged in the region of the bottom of the treatment vessel. In this case, any portion of the treatment container which is arranged or formed closer to the bottom than to the opening formed on the upper side of the treatment container is to be regarded as the region of the bottom. However, it is also conceivable that the fluid conduit element is formed as a component of the soil or in the soil and thus may be formed in sections or completely below the surface of the soil directed to the receiving space. Preferably, the fluid conduit element is at least partially formed less than 50cm, preferably less than 30cm and more preferably less than 10cm spaced from the bottom of the receiving space. The outlet openings or individual outlet openings or the plurality of outlet openings or a minority of the outlet openings are preferably oriented downward, ie oriented in the direction of the floor or oriented to the side, ie in the direction of a wall or side wall of the receiving space, at a fluid line element arranged above the floor, or upwards, ie in the direction of the introduction opening of the receiving space, through which the treatment objects can be introduced into the receiving space. It is also conceivable that the outlet openings of different pipes are directed in different directions. It is also conceivable that each outlet section or pipe or to individual line sections or pipes first outlet openings are provided, which are oriented in a first direction, and second outlet openings are provided in a second Direction oriented, wherein the first direction and the second direction preferably at least 10 ° and preferably at least 20 ° and more preferably at least 45 ° or at least 60 ° or at least 90 ° or at least 120 ° or at least 150 ° or up to 180 ° are oriented differently from each other. In addition, it is conceivable that third outlet openings are provided, which are oriented to the first outlet openings at an angle which is different from the angle between the first outlet openings and the second outlet openings. Similarly, this may be true for fourth outlet openings and / or fifth outlet openings, etc. This embodiment is advantageous since the introduction of the fluidizing fluid or of the functional fluid or of the fluid, in particular air, can be directed in such a way that the turbulences generated by the turbulence fluid effectively dissolve the deposits.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the line sections are formed by tubes, for example made of copper, aluminum, iron and / or stainless steel, in particular with a tube diameter between 2mm and 12mm and preferably in a tube diameter between 3mm and 9mm and more preferably in one Pipe diameter between 4mm and 6mm, wherein the pipes are coupled to the bottom of the treatment container or are arranged thereon, wherein the tubes are connected to each other by means of at least one distribution unit, and wherein each valve device as a shut-off valve, in particular as Absperrmagnetventil is formed. The outlet openings are preferably designed as holes, in particular bores, and preferably have a diameter between 0.5 mm and 8 mm, preferably a diameter between 1.5 mm and 6 mm and particularly preferably a diameter between 2.5 mm and 4 mm, in particular exactly or substantially 3 mm , on.

According to the present invention, the provision device is designed to provide a gas which is under at least 2 bar pressure, in particular air. In the case in which the gas is air, the air preferably consists of ambient air from the environment of the device according to the invention. This embodiment is advantageous because ambient air is available free of charge and, due to its low density, moves automatically through the treatment substance or moves out of the movement substance itself. As it traverses the treatment substance, the air causes a local displacement of the treatment substance, causing it to move, which could result in turbulence.

A filter device for filtering the treatment substance is provided according to the present invention, wherein by the Filter impurities are removed from the treatment substance, which have accumulated in the treatment substance. In addition, a control device for operating the filter device and the swirling device is preferably provided. Particularly preferably, the filter device and the swirling device can be operated at least temporarily as a function of one another. This embodiment is advantageous because the interaction of the swirling device with the filter device allows the impurities to be very efficiently removed from the treatment substance.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation of the swirling device comprises, at least at times, the provision of the fluid and the activation of the valve device, wherein the valve devices can be actuated according to predetermined courses, in particular at programmed time intervals. It is thus possible for individual, several, the plurality or all valve devices of the line element or individual line sections to be switched in such a way that fluid is supplied to the treatment substance through all the outlet openings which are fluidically connected to the opened valve devices for a preferably predetermined period of time. However, it is also conceivable here for one or more valve devices to be connected in succession, in particular to be pulsed. The individual valve devices are particularly preferably controlled, however, by means of a predetermined program and / or a preferably adjustable interval circuit and / or as a function of status data of the treatment substance detected by means of sensor device. In this case, the swirling device is particularly preferably activated and / or deactivated as a result of the sensor data. The sensor data hereby may be e.g. Have data regarding the proportion of impurities in the bottom region of the device and / or in one or individual areas of the treatment container. Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable that the swirling device can be activated and / or deactivated manually and / or by means of a remote control.

In addition, the reaction substance particularly preferably contains no fractions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. This is advantageous because a very simple treatment of treatment objects is possible by the present invention. Essentially, the articles of treatment need only be dipped in the treatment substance, the treatment substance must act and dry after removal of the article of treatment from the bath. In particular, by the high-purity phosphorus or the high-purity phosphate, a protective layer after Drying trained on the treatment objects so that they are protected over a longer period of time, in particular several weeks before further Ausbefall, this being done without the conventional required passivation and subsequent phosphating, and wherein in particular the resulting protective layer is far superior to the phosphating , This solution is also advantageous because the treatment substance is incombustible, the use of the treatment substance does not exceed MAK values (Maximum Workplace Concentration) and no corrosive vapors are caused, thus requiring no suction.

By the treatment effect improving substance / s used a considerable protection of the material is effected and the weldability is not impaired.

Yet another advantage is the versatility of the present invention. It can e.g. used for pretreatment and post-treatment in hardening shops, or it can be used to remove the oxide layer on aluminum. Furthermore, they can be avoided during the galvanic reworking of castings efflorescence. The savings on putty in the removal of casting skin is therefore considerable. Furthermore, e.g. Hydraulic pipes and pipelines can be pickled directly on construction sites in a single operation without the need for rinsing and neutralizing.

In addition to the pickling and phosphating of the treatment article, the treatment device according to the invention preferably also preferably effects the degreasing and / or derusting and / or descaling and / or preserving and / or descaling of the treatment article.

As treatment objects can preferably be treated purely by way of example: metal parts, such as aluminum parts, iron parts, cast iron parts, wire, steel parts, copper parts or parts of alloys, polymer parts, such as plastic parts or rubber parts, etc., especially vehicle frames, pipes, machine parts, turbocharger parts, housing, car parts , Hydraulic parts, cast steel parts, turbine parts.

Insofar as nothing different arises from the subject matter of this invention, the percentages with regard to the invention apply as volume percent. In addition, it should be noted that the percentages and temperatures in ° C with respect to the invention refer to the ambient pressure or normal pressure, if nothing different arises from the subject of the invention, and further, the information in ° C accordingly for Kelvin be valid. However, those skilled in the art are not going to further explain the physical units of the invention with respect to the overall disclosure of the invention, but if one physical parameter should be modified, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the resulting changes in the other physical Adjust sizes accordingly.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims 2 to 5. It is preferably a tempering device for tempering the vorhaltbaren in the action container treatment substance is provided, wherein by means of the temperature control device, the temperature of the treatment substance is defined adjustable.

The preferable temperature of the treating substance is preferably higher than 0 ° C, especially higher than or equal to 5 ° C, higher than or equal to 10 ° C, higher than or equal to 15 ° C, higher than or equal to 17 ° C, higher than or equal to 20 ° C, higher or equal to 25 ° C, higher than or equal to 30 ° C, higher than or equal to 35 ° C, higher than or equal to 37 ° C, higher than or equal to 40 ° C, preferably between 20 ° C and 60 ° C and most preferably between 30 ° and 50 ° C. Preferably, the temperature of the treatment substance is a heating of the treatment substance, but it is also conceivable that the temperature represents a cooling. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the treatment substance can be temporarily heated and temporarily cooled by the tempering device. The tempering device is preferably designed as an electrical heating device, electrical cooling device and / or as a heat exchanger system. Depending on the temperature of the treatment substance, the work flow can be controlled. For example, when degreasing rust, the acceleration factor can be 20: 20Cx6. This means that the subject of the treatment can be made stainless with a 20 ° C treatment lasting 2 hours or with a treatment at 40 ° C lasting 20 minutes.

A particularly preferred operating temperature range is 35 ° C to 45 ° C, this temperature range is advantageous because a suction is not necessary because no corrosive - or harmful to health vapors. However, it is conceivable that a suction is provided when e.g. the working space is extremely low or if the work space is not to be ventilated.

The phosphorus-containing and phosphate-containing solution preferably consists of fully descaled water and the reaction substance, the proportion of reaction substance to the proportion of deionized water being between 1: 4 and 1: 7, the proportion of reaction substance to the proportion of deionized water being preferred 1: 6, when the reaction substance is in a solid state or wherein the proportion of reaction substance to the proportion of deionized water is preferably 1: 5, when the reaction substance is in a liquid state.

Furthermore, the reaction substance preferably has no fractions of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, lead, mercury and selenium, so that the device according to the invention works without harmful or environmentally harmful substances or substances.

The pumping device is designed as a circulating pump and preferably causes a circulation of the treatment substance within the treatment container. However, it is alternatively or additionally conceivable that a pump device is provided for generating a weir flow. One or more nozzles are preferably coupled to the pumping device, through which the treatment substance is dispensed, in particular, into treatment containers, in particular for bath circulation.

The treatment tank can be made in any size. Particularly preferably, the treatment container has on the inside, ie on the side in contact with the treatment substance, a material or a material mixture which is not attacked by the treatment substance. Among other things, preferred materials include: stainless steel, GVP, PVC. However, it is also conceivable that not only the surface of the treatment container in contact with the treatment substance consists of such a material, but also that additional elements of the treatment container, in particular the entire treatment container, consists of such a material or material mixture.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a filter device is provided for filtering the treatment substance, wherein filtering removes impurities from the treatment substance which accumulate in the treatment substance. This embodiment is advantageous because the treatment substance can be continuously or temporarily cleaned or treated in the treatment tank.

In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the treatment container is coupled to at least two receiving spaces, wherein a first receiving space is a buffer receiving space preferably formed below the processing container for receiving a certain amount of the treatment substance, and wherein a second receiving space is a temperature control space preferably formed laterally of the treatment container is, wherein the temperature control device is at least partially disposed in the Temperierungsraum. The first recording space or buffer space may be e.g. serve to provide a desired volume of the treatment substance. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the first receiving space or the buffer space is used for receiving or depositing sediments. The sediments may be e.g. Parts or particles that detach from the treatment objects during the treatment. The tempering space is preferably arranged laterally next to the treatment tank, as this can provide a very good accessibility to the tempering device. Furthermore, however, it is alternatively also conceivable that the tempering device in the first receiving space or in the buffer space, i. below the treatment container, is formed or arranged. This embodiment is advantageous in that the individual portions of the treatment substance can reach different functional areas or receiving spaces and the main receiving space, without damage to devices formed or arranged in one or more receiving areas, such as the tempering device, being possible by collision with the subject of treatment ,

The treatment container is separated according to the present invention by a wall of a collecting space for collecting over the wall flowing treatment substance, wherein the treatment substance collected in the collecting space by means of a conveyor, in particular by means of the pumping device, via a delivery line in the treatment container is zurückförderbar. This is advantageous since the particles accumulating on the surface of the treatment substance and detached from the object to be treated and / or foam forming on the surface of the treatment substance and / or other material concentrations can be diverted from the treatment tank and can preferably be fed to the filter device.

The pumping device and the filter device according to the present invention form a component of the delivery line and the conveyed treatment substance is conveyed through the filter device by or by means of the pumping device. This is advantageous because, by this arrangement, the pumping device causes the delivery of the treatment substance through the filter device and at least partially causes a circulation of the treatment substance in the treatment container.

The delivery line or a delivery line is designed in accordance with the present invention in such a way that a weir flow for discharging part of the treatment substance out of the treatment container and into the collection space can be generated by the treatment substance conveyed back into the treatment container. This embodiment is advantageous since by means of a pumping device, the delivery of the treatment substance through the filter device at least partially a circulation of the treatment substance in the treatment container and the creation of a Wehrströmung is effected.

There may be provided a metering device for adjusting the composition of the treatment substance, wherein the treatment substance consists of a mixture of several components. Preferably, the metering device is indirectly coupled to one or more sensor devices directly or via a control device, the sensor devices preferably monitoring or analyzing the composition of the treatment substance and / or monitoring the volume or the remaining quantity or the filling level in the treatment container existing treatment substance allows or allow.

In particular, the metering device compensates losses by adding the appropriate amount of treatment substance lost, in particular evaporation and / or immersion losses are bleached out. The addition of the components which form the treatment substance, in particular of deionized water, the reaction substance and the treatment effect improving substance, is preferably carried out by the metering device. The addition of the components forming the treatment substance is preferably carried out in a fixed ratio, in particular in the ratio in which the individual components are also provided in the treatment container or in some other fixed ratio. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the treatment substance to be added is already added in the form of a finished mixture or finished solution.

The sensor device may preferably be used as a device for performing a titration, i. be designed for concentration determination. However, it is also conceivable that the metering and introduction of substances into the treatment substance is effected partially, temporarily or always manually.

The proportion of reaction substance to the proportion of deionized water can be between 1: 4 and 1: 7, wherein the proportion of reaction substance to the proportion of deionized water is preferably 1: 6, when the reaction substance in a solid state with the VE Water is mixed or wherein the proportion of reaction substance to the proportion of deionized water is preferably 1: 5, when the reaction substance is mixed in a liquid state with the deionized water.

Preferably, the losses are also replaced in a fixed ratio of several substances. The preferred substance (s) here is thus flowable, in particular liquid, or solid reaction substance (s), which are preferably mixed with a diluent substance, e.g. Water, especially desalted or distilled water or Vollentkalktem water (deionized water), is / are mixed. Preferred mixing ratios between the reaction substance and the diluting substance, in particular demineralized water, are further hereby e.g. 1: 2; 1: 3, 1: 4; 1: 5; 1: 5.5; 1: 6; 1: 6.5; 1: 7.5; 1: 8; 1: 8.5; 1. 9

Preferably, automatically or manually, depending on values generated by the sensors, an admixture of a mixture or solution of one or more is carried out Additional substances, in particular one or more liquids, in particular deionized water, and / or one or more preferably soluble additives, to the treatment substance. It is also conceivable for an additional substance, in particular for pickling degreasing and / or defoaming, to be added to the treatment substance. Preferably, the additional substance with about 0.5% to 10%, in particular with 1% to 5%, of the volume of the treatment substance of the treatment substance is buried. The use of demineralized water is preferred in this case, as this substantially or consistent surface quality is obtained on the treatment objects.

The use of a pickling remover is advantageous because by adding it to the treating substance, contaminants such as light fatty deposits, debris, oil, coal and graphite can be removed in the same operation.

The pH of the reaction substance is preferably substantially 1, the density of the reaction substance is preferably 1.8 at a temperature of 20 ° C. and the flash point of the reaction substance is preferably 280 ° C. or preferably higher than 280 ° C.

In the case of treatment articles comprising aluminum or made of aluminum, the treatment substance preferably comprises deionized water and, in addition to the demineralized water, prefers a reaction substance in an amount of 1-10%, especially 3-5%, of the amount of demineralized water. At a bath temperature of 40 ° C to 45 ° C, i. when the treating substance is at a temperature of 40 ° C to 45 ° C, the exposure time, i. the time the treatment object is exposed to the treatment substance in the treatment container is preferably 0.5 min. to 20 min. and particularly preferably 1 min. to 10 min. The reaction substance here preferably consists of phosphoric acid and inhibitors.

The treatment substance may have an additive substance for pickling degreasing, or such an additive substance may be added to a treatment substance, wherein the etching agent additive preferably comprises an aqueous solution of nonionic biodegradable surfactants and inhibitors, in particular but-2-yne-1,4-diol, and the pickle degreaser with a volume of 0.5% to 7% of the volume of the phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution or the treatment substance is added.

The treatment substance may comprise an additional substance for defoaming, the defoamer additive preferably having triisobutyl phosphate and the defoamer additive of the treatment substance having a volume of from 0.01% to 5%, in particular from 0.1% to 1%, of the volume of the phosphor or phosphate-containing solution or the treatment substance or with a volume of 0.01% to 5%, in particular with a volume of 0.1% to 1%, of the volume of the treated with the pickle fat additive phosphorus or phosphate-containing solution or the treatment substance is added.

A control device may be provided which controls the tempering device in such a way that the treatment substance is heated to a target temperature or a target temperature profile and / or wherein the control device controls the pumping device in such a way that the treatment substance is conveyed with a target flow velocity or a target flow characteristic, and / or the control device controls the filter device such that the filtered portion of the treatment substance has a target purity, and / or the control device controls the metering device such that a target composition of the treatment substance is adjustable.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the treatment device has one or more oil separation system (s), ultrasound system (s), high-pressure system (s), rotating and lifting device (s) and / or full-descaling water supply system (s).

A degreasing bath may be provided, in particular for degreasing the articles of treatment with an unusually high fat content, in particular the treatment container upstream, be. This is advantageous because the treatment substance in the degreasing bath can preferably be heated to a temperature higher than that is the preferred operating temperature or treatment temperature of the treatment substance in the treatment tank. The temperature in the degreasing bath is preferably greater than 50.degree. C., in particular greater than 52.degree. C. and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60.degree.

This is advantageous since only very heavily oiled or greased treatment objects can be introduced into a suitable for degreasing tempered degreasing. This has considerable energy advantages, since the temperature of the preferably 50 ° C heated to above degreasing bath preferably does not have to be permanently or only temporarily effected. Furthermore, the formation of water vapor in the region of the treatment container of the treatment device according to the invention can be prevented if the temperature of the treatment substance is below a threshold temperature, in particular below 52 ° C., or is not heated above this threshold temperature.

Furthermore, a treatment method for at least pickling and phosphating a, in particular metallic, treatment object is described. The method preferably comprises the steps of providing a treatment container for receiving at least one subject of treatment and receiving a flowable treatment substance, wherein no further treatment vessel is used for degreasing and phosphating, introducing the treatment substance into the treatment vessel and introducing the subject of treatment into the treatment substance at least partially filled treatment container for contacting the treatment article with the treatment substance, wherein at least one pickling and phosphating of the treatment article is effected by the contact between the treatment substance and the treatment article, wherein the treatment substance is a phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution, the removal of the treatment article from the treatment tank, the fluidization of impurities transmitted to the treatment substance by the treatment article by means of a swirling device, wherein for the swirling of the impurities, a fluid is supplied to the treatment substance by the swirling device, the feeding of the treatment substance provided with the fluidized impurities to a filter device, the filtering out of the impurities from the treatment substance components, which are fed to the filter device, the reintroduction of the treatment article in the treatment container at least partially filled with the treatment container for contacting the treatment object with the filtered treatment substance or the introduction of another treatment article in the treatment substance with the at least partially filled treatment container for contacting the treatment article with the filtered treatment substance.

The solution containing phosphorus or phosphate preferably consists of fully descaled water and of a reaction substance, the reaction substance consisting of phosphorus or a phosphate and an additional treatment effect improving substance, the proportion of phosphorus or phosphate in the reaction substance being at least 75%, wherein the reaction substance in particular has no proportions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.

The treatment method described is advantageous because a closed circuit is provided which does not require a rinsing process and thus does not require conveying the article into a sink. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is highly advantageous since, in particular in comparison with mechanical treatment methods, it enables a very thorough, gentle and rapid treatment of the subject of the treatment. This solution is also advantageous because the treatment substance is incombustible, the use of the treatment substance does not exceed MAK values (Maximum Workplace Concentration) and no corrosive vapors are caused, thus requiring no suction.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a control device for operating the filter device and / or the swirling device is provided. An operation of the filter device preferably takes place at least temporarily as a function of an operation of the swirling device or wherein an operation of the swirling device takes place at least temporarily as a function of an operation of the filter device. The operation of the swirling device preferably at least temporarily comprises the provision of the fluid and the activation of the valve device. Preferably, the valve devices are controlled according to predetermined courses, in particular at programmed time intervals. This solution is advantageous because the impurities can be filtered out of the treatment substance very quickly or effectively.

The articles to be treated may remain in the treatment container for more than 5 minutes, in particular more than 10 minutes and preferably between 20 minutes and 120 minutes, in particular between 30 minutes and 90 minutes, together with the treatment substance.

The described method particularly preferably results in the treatment article being exposed to the treatment substance such that degreasing and / or descaling and / or preserving and / or decalcifying of the treatment article takes place in addition to the pickling and phosphating.

A pore-free protective layer can be produced on the surface of the treatment article by means of the treatment substance, in particular by means of the reaction substance, with prevention of hydrogen embrittlement, the protective layer having a thickness of at least 2 μm and preferably of at least 3 μm. In particular, the nonporous protective layer protects the subject of the treatment from oxygen and water, so that rusting is effectively prevented.

Preferably, the protective layer, in particular a phosphate layer, in particular an iron phosphate layer, is formed by the described treatment method, in particular after a drying time of 3 hours to 48 hours, in particular from 6 hours to 24 hours, in the ambient air or after a drying time of approx 5 minutes to 60 minutes, in particular of about 20 minutes, in an oven at 70 ° C to 150 ° C, in particular at about or 100 ° C, on the material surface of the object to be treated (in particular of iron or normal steel). The resulting protective layer is preferably between 2 μm and 10 μm, in particular more than or exactly 3 μm, 4 μm or 5 μm, thick. The protective layer particularly preferably has a thickness of from 2 μm to 10 μm, and preferably from 3 μm to 8 μm, and particularly preferably from 4 μm to 6 μm. The protective layer preferably has no or essentially no pores and is therefore particularly preferably pore-free. Furthermore, the protective layer is elastic and particularly preferably adapts to temperature fluctuations of -60 ° C. to 750 ° C. and more preferably from -40 ° C. to 680 ° C., without flaking off, the protective layer preferably having a high flexural capability, in particular from to to 180 ° or more than 180 ° (eg iron bars). The protective layer may in this case be an excellent basis for a further treatment, in particular a color treatment, which may follow, for example, the described method. The protective layer preferably reacts neutrally and does not enter into any chemical connections with hydraulic fluids. Other extremely important advantages of the method are that no rusting of the treatment objects takes place through the protective layer and a pickling Material removal of preferably less than 10 g / m ² , in particular less than 5 g / m ² and particularly preferably of or less than 2.24 g / m ² takes place.

Furthermore, the described treatment method preferably also has the step of tempering the treatment substance which can be pre-stored in the treatment container and / or the step of generating a flow of at least part of the treatment substance, wherein at least part of the treatment object is flowed around by the treatment substance.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a tempering of the treatment substance vorhaltbaren in the treatment container by means of a temperature control device, wherein the temperature of the treatment substance is set defined by means of the temperature control device, and wherein by means of a pumping means, a flow for moving at least a portion of the treatment substance at least a part of the treatment object is flowed around by the treatment substance.

By means of a filter device, the treatment substance is filtered according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein filtering removes impurities from the treatment substance which have accumulated in the treatment substance.

The treatment tank is separated according to the present invention by a wall of a collecting space for collecting treatment substance flowing over a wall, wherein the treatment substance collected in the collecting space can be returned to the treatment tank via a conveying line by means of a conveying device, in particular by means of the pumping device.

According to the invention, the pump device and the filter device form part of the delivery line and the delivered treatment substance is conveyed through the filter device by the pump device.

According to the invention, the delivery line is designed in such a way that a weir flow for discharging part of the treatment substance out of the treatment container and into the collecting space is generated by the treatment substance conveyed back into the treatment container.

It can be controlled by means of a metering device, the composition of the treatment substance, wherein the treatment substance consists of a mixture of several components.

The treatment substance may be an additive for pickling degreasing and / or an additive substance for defoaming, wherein the pickling agent additive preferably comprises an aqueous solution of non-ionic biodegradable surfactants and inhibitors, in particular but-2-yn-1,4-diol, and wherein the Beizentfetterzusatz with a volume of 0.5% to 7% of the volume of the phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution or the treatment substance is added and wherein the defoamer additive preferably triisobutyl phosphate and wherein the defoamer addition of the treatment substance with a volume of 0.1% to 1% the volume of the phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution or with a volume of from 0.1% to 1% of the volume of the phosphoric or phosphate-containing solution or treatment substance added with the pickle-degreaser additive is added.

By means of a control device, the tempering device can be controlled such that the treatment substance is heated to a target temperature or a target temperature profile and / or by means of the control device, the pumping device is controlled such that the treatment substance is promoted with a target flow rate or a target flow characteristic and / or by means of the control device becomes the filter device is controlled such that the filtered portion of the treatment substance has a target purity, and / or by means of the control device, the metering device is controlled so that a target composition of the treatment substance is adjustable and / or by means of the control device, the swirling device, in particular the supply device and / or the Valve devices, in particular of the fluid line element and / or the supply device, controlled in such a way that a turbulence or fluidization of the present in the treatment substance, in particular sedimented, impurities, in particular solid particles, such as metal particles, in particular rust particles occurs.

The use of the words "substantially" preferably defines a deviation in the range of 1% -30%, in particular of 1% -20%, in particular of 1% -10, in all cases in which these words are used in the context of the present invention %, in particular from 1% -5%, in particular from 1% -2%, of the definition that would be given without the use of these words.

Some or all representations of the figures described below are preferably to be considered as engineering drawings, i. the dimensions, proportions, functional relationships and / or arrangements resulting from the figure or figures preferably correspond exactly or preferably substantially to those of the device according to the invention.

Further advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of appended drawings, in which exemplary treatment devices according to the invention are shown. Elements of the devices and methods according to the invention, which in the figures at least substantially coincide with regard to their function, may hereby be identified by the same reference symbols, these components or elements not having to be numbered or explained in all figures. The invention will be described purely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1

eine erste Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung in einem passiven Zustand;

Fig. 2

eine zweite Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung in einem aktiven Zustand;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer noch weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 5

eine weitere perspektivische Darstellung der in Fig. 4 gezeigten erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Detaildarstellung eines Teils der in den Figuren 4 und 5 gezeigten erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 7

eine erste Draufsicht auf die in den Figuren 4 bis 6 gezeigte erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 8

eine zweite Draufsicht auf die in den Figuren 4 bis 6 gezeigte erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Darstellung von im Wesentlichen der Unterseite der in den Figuren 4 bis 8 gezeigten erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 10a

eine erste schematische Seitenansicht der in den Figuren 4 bis 9 gezeigten erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 10b

eine zweite schematische Seitenansicht der in den Figuren 4 bis 9 gezeigten erfindungsgemäßen Behandlungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 11

eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme eines Stahlblechs, welches mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren behandelt wurde;

Fig. 12

eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Rasterelektronenmikroskopaufnahme von Figur 11,

Fig. 13

ein Beispiel einer Verwirbelungseinrichtung, wie sie gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bevorzugt in einem Behandlungsbehälter gemäß einer der Figuren 1 bis 10 bevorzugt vorgesehen ist,

Fig. 14

die aus Fig. 13 bekannte rein beispielhafte bekannte Verwirbelungseinrichtung ist rein beispielhaft in einem Behandlungsbehälter angeordnet,

Fig. 15

eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einer darin bevorzugt angeordneten Verwirbelungseinrichtung,

Fig. 16

eine Behandlungsanlage mit zumindest einer Behandlungseinrichtung, einer Fluxeinrichtung und einer Verzinkungseinrichtung,

Fig. 17a

zeigt eine REM-Aufnahme einer mittels der Behandlungsvorrichtung phosphatierten Oberfläche,

Fig. 17b

zeigt eine REM-Aufnahme der mittels der Behandlungsvorrichtung 1 erzeugten Phosphatierung und

Fig. 18a/b

jeweils eine Darstellung einer an einem metallischen Objekt mittels einer Behandlungsanlage erzeugten Zinkschicht.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a first representation of a treatment device according to the invention in a passive state;

Fig. 2

a second view of a treatment device according to the invention in an active state;

Fig. 3

a perspective view of another treatment device according to the invention;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of a still further inventive treatment device;

Fig. 5

another perspective view of in Fig. 4 shown treatment apparatus according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a detailed perspective view of a part of the in the FIGS. 4 and 5 shown treatment apparatus according to the invention;

Fig. 7

a first plan view of the in the FIGS. 4 to 6 shown treatment device according to the invention;

Fig. 8

a second plan view of the in the FIGS. 4 to 6 shown treatment device according to the invention;

Fig. 9

a perspective view of substantially the bottom of the in the FIGS. 4 to 8 shown treatment apparatus according to the invention;

Fig. 10a

a first schematic side view of the in the FIGS. 4 to 9 shown treatment apparatus according to the invention;

Fig. 10b

a second schematic side view of the in the FIGS. 4 to 9 shown treatment apparatus according to the invention;

Fig. 11

a scanning electron micrograph of a steel sheet, which was treated by the method described;

Fig. 12

an enlarged view of the scanning electron micrograph of FIG. 11 .

Fig. 13

an example of a swirling device, as according to the present invention preferably in a treatment container according to one of FIGS. 1 to 10 is preferably provided

Fig. 14

from Fig. 13 known purely exemplary known turbulizer is arranged purely by way of example in a treatment vessel,

Fig. 15

a side view of a device according to the invention with a vortex preferably arranged therein

Fig. 16

a treatment plant with at least one treatment device, a fluxing device and a galvanizing device,

Fig. 17a

shows a SEM image of a surface phosphated by the treatment device,

Fig. 17b

shows a SEM image of the phosphating produced by the treatment device 1 and

Fig. 18a / b

in each case a representation of a zinc layer produced on a metallic object by means of a treatment plant.

In Fig. 1 a treatment device 1 according to the invention is shown. The treatment device 1 is used for treatment, in particular for degreasing, pickling, phosphating, descaling, preserving and de-rusting, one or more articles to be treated 2. The article 2 to be treated is preferably introduced from above into a treatment container 4 of the treatment device 1. The treatment container 4 is preferably at least partially and particularly preferably completely filled with a treatment substance 6. Furthermore, a tempering device 8 for tempering, in particular for heating, the treatment substance 6 is preferably provided. Furthermore, at least one pumping device 10 is preferably provided for circulating the treatment substance 6 and / or for creating a weir flow 20 and / or for returning the treatment substance 6 that has emerged from the treatment container 4 back into the treatment container 4. The treatment container 6 is separated by a wall 12 of a collecting space 14. Due to the flow created in the treatment tank 4, treatment liquid 6 exits the treatment tank 4 via the wall 12 and thus enters the catchment space 14. However, it is also conceivable that the treatment substance or liquid 6 can be introduced into the treatment area 2 by introducing the treatment object 2 Treatment room 4 undergoes such a displacement that a part of the treatment substance 6 on the Wall 12 emerges from the treatment tank 4. The reference numeral 16 denotes a delivery line, by means of which the treatment substance 6 discharged from the treatment tank 4 is conveyed back into the treatment tank 4. In the region of the delivery line 16 or in the delivery line 16 or as part of the delivery line 16, a filter device 18 for filtering or processing the treatment substance 6 is preferably arranged. It is conceivable here that the pumping device 10 or a further pumping device (not shown) is arranged or formed in the course of the delivery line 16. Furthermore, a pumping filter device can be provided which either replaces a pumping device and / or a filter device or can be designed in addition thereto. It can also be seen from the illustration that the treatment container 4 preferably has at least one main receiving space 22, a first secondary receiving space 24 and a second secondary receiving space 26. The individual receiving spaces 22, 24, 26 are in this case, for example, by grids 27, in particular in each case a grid, separated from each other. The grille 27 prevents the object of treatment 2 from entering one of the secondary receiving spaces 24, 26. The reference numeral 28 denotes a nozzle, by means of which a flow of the treatment substance 6 can be generated.

Fig. 2 shows the off Fig.1 known representation, wherein the treatment object 2 is arranged in accordance with this illustration in the treatment tank 4 and thereby is in contact with the treatment substance 6.

Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment variant of a treatment device 1 according to the invention, in particular for Drahtcoil treatment. In the Fig. 3 Treatment device 1 shown has, by way of example, a receiving bag 40, which preferably carries a plurality of wire coils 39 to be treated. The receiving bag 40 is arranged on a delivery point 41, wherein preferably a plurality of receiving bag 40 and several delivery points 41 are provided. Furthermore, the treatment device 1 preferably has a plurality of, in particular 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more, treatment baths 42. In a treatment bath 42 are preferably, in particular at the same time, a plurality, in particular 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more, wire coils 39 at the same time introduced for treatment. The reference numeral 43 denotes a preferably purely optional device, namely a fixing bath. It is conceivable here that a plurality of wire coils 39, in particular 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more, can be introduced at the same time into a fixing bath 43. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a plurality of fixing baths 43 are provided. The treated wire coils 39 can be arranged at a removal point 44 for removal. Preferably, the treated wire coils 39 with a transport device 45, in particular a dolly or a rail-mounted gantry crane, promoted to the respective removal point 44. Furthermore, several devices for supplying, regulating and controlling the treatment device 1 are preferably provided. Thus, the illustrated embodiment, for example, a pressure belt filter device 46, a metering device 47, a VE water treatment device 48, a control device 49, a further pressure belt filter device 50, a storage tank for treatment tank 51 and a plurality of side channel compressor 52, in particular 8 pieces on. The metering device 47 is preferably automated and particularly preferably has a buffer tank with a volume of preferably more than 5m ³ , more preferably more than 10m ³ and most preferably more or exactly 20m ³ .

Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a treatment device according to the invention 1. The treatment device 1 is preferably designed L-shaped, ie, it comprises a treatment tank 4, wherein the treatment tank 4, a first interior portion, which extends Favor perpendicular to a second interior portion has. Preferably, an interior portion is longer than the other interior portion, which is also conceivable that the interior parts are the same length or are substantially the same length. The illustrated design allows eg bent elements, such as pipes. To treat carriers, panels, etc. The treatment container 4 preferably has at least or exactly one wall 12, wherein an area into which the treatment objects to be treated are introduced is separated from a collecting space 14 by the wall 12. The collecting space 14 is preferably used for collecting over the wall 12 from the treatment chamber exiting treatment substance.

The reference numeral 10 denotes a pumping device, in particular for generating a flow within the treatment substance to be introduced into the treatment space. The reference numeral 18 denotes a filter device 18 for filtering or treating the treatment substance.

A movement or flow of the treatment substance is by means of nozzles 28a, 28b and 29a, 29b, 29c (see. Fig. 5 ) causes, from which the pumped by means of the pumping device 10 treatment substance is pumped into the treatment chamber.

The housing 61 surrounds or houses the nozzles 29a-29c. Preferably, three rows with 2 nozzles 28a, 28b and three rows with three nozzles 29a, 29b, 29c are provided, wherein it is also conceivable that exactly or at least one nozzle 28 and / or 29 is provided is. Particularly preferably, the nozzles 28 are inclined to the nozzles 29 aligned, in particular aligned at right angles.

Reference numeral 60 denotes a Hauptabsaugleitung, by means of the outlets 57a-57g (see. Fig. 7 ) Treatment substance discharged from the treatment room, in particular aspirated, is. The discharged treatment substance is preferably processed by means of the filter device 18 and conveyed by means of the pumping device 10 via the nozzles 28 and 29 back into the treatment space.

The treatment apparatus 1 may preferably be dimensioned such that a footprint of 5100 mm × 3800 mm is required. Preferably, the treatment device 1 comprises a bath volume of substantially, up to, at least or exactly 14m ³ . The useful volume of the treatment device 1 according to the invention is preferably 3400 mm × 3000 mm × 1500 mm and the height of the overflow to the upper edge is preferably 200 mm.

Fig. 5 shows a further view of the aforementioned embodiment of the treatment device according to the invention 1. It can be seen from this illustration that the nozzles 29a-29c and the 3x3 nozzle arrangement is preferably housed in a pocket 61 in a wall of the treatment container 4, preferably the Nutzfläche not to disturb or not to interfere. Preferably, the nozzles 28a-28b are also housed in a pocket in another wall of the treatment tank 4, preferably not to disturb the useful surface or not to affect. The pockets 61 are preferably provided with a not shown ramming protection to avoid damaging the internals.

Furthermore, a further filter device 19 is shown, wherein the further filter device 19 is preferably designed as a coarse filter. Particularly preferably, the treatment substance to be treated is first aspirated from the treatment container, then fed to the further filter device 19, then passed through the pump 10, then passed through the filter device 18, which may be preferably designed as a bag filter, and then back via the nozzles 28, 29 conveyed into the treatment tank.

Furthermore, the illustration shows that the bottom of the treatment container 4 with respect to the horizontal inclined surface portions 53, 54, 55, 56 has. Preferably, the surface portions 53-54 and 55-56 are each arranged such that they are in the range of with respect to a vertical direction considered low point together form a linear contact area. The contact region is preferably at a level below a contact region between the outer wall of the container extending in the vertical direction and the respective surface portion or bottom portion 53, 54. The surface portions or base portions 53, 54 and 55, 56 thus preferably form channels through which the treatment substance and dirt particles are directed to one or more outlets. The surface portions 53-56 are preferably oriented with an inclination of 2 ° to 25 ° and more preferably with an inclination of 6 ° to 15 ° and most preferably with an inclination of substantially or exactly 10 ° with respect to the horizontal.

The reference numeral 8 denotes a preferably provided temperature control device. The tempering device 8 may have 8 electrical heating elements, in particular 2 kW. The heating elements are preferably also accommodated in the pocket 61 in the wall in order not to disturb or impair the preferably required effective area. The design of the heating power of the temperature control device can preferably be based on a Wessling system (20 m ³ = 20 kW heating power).

Fig. 6 shows in particular a detailed representation of the pocket 61, in which the nozzles 29a-29c and the temperature control device 8 are preferably arranged.

Fig. 7 shows the resulting from the mutually inclined bottom portions 53, 54 and 55, 56 of the treatment vessel 4 resulting first portion of a channel 62 and the resulting second portion 63 of the channel. The channel preferably also extends into the collecting space 14. Particularly preferably, in the gutter or in the region of the gutter outlets 57a-57f, in particular a plurality of outlets, are provided for discharging or for aspirating the treatment substance out of the treatment space. Furthermore, at least one outlet 57g for discharging or aspirating the treatment substance out of the collecting space 14 is preferably provided in the collecting space 14. The outlets 57a-57g are preferably in fluid communication with the main suction line 61 via connecting lines.

Not shown is a grating, which preferably aligned horizontally or at right angles to the side walls of the treatment container 4 aligned the bottom 53, 54, 55, 56 of the treatment space superimposed, wherein the grate is spaced to the ground, in particular more than 20 mm and preferably more is spaced apart as 50 mm and more preferably more than 100 mm, wherein the grid is particularly preferably at most 500 mm is spaced from the bottom of the treatment container. The grille preferably performs the function of spacing a treatment object introduced into the treatment room from the floor of the treatment room, whereby particles detached from the treated treatment objects can accumulate below the treatment object and suction of these particles is always possible.

Fig. 8 shows the Hauptabsaugleitung 60 and a portion of the connecting pipes 58a-58g, through which the outlets 57a-57g are connected to the Hauptabsaugleitung 60. The total suction line preferably consisting of at least the connection tubes 58a-58g and the main line 60 is preferably designed to be removable. This is particularly advantageous for a cleaning of the individual parts of the Gesamtabsaugleitung.

Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of the underside of the treatment device according to the invention 1. This representation can be found in particular connected to the outlets and the Hauptabsaugleitung connecting pipes 58a-58g.

The Figures 10a and 10b show different side views of the in the FIGS. 4 to 9 shown treatment apparatus 1 according to the invention.

• IFAM
• GEMINI
• Auflösung 10 µm
• EHT = 10.00 kV
• WD = 12.3 mm
• Signal A = SE2
• Signal B = InLens
• Signal = 0.5000

The Figures 11 and 12 each show a steel sheet, which has been treated by the method described, and thereby results in a closed surface structure consisting of deposited on the steel sheet phosphorus. The scanning electron micrographs have been created by the Fraunhofer Institute with the specifics mentioned in the figures:

• IFAM
• GEMINI
• Resolution 10 μm
• EHT = 10.00 kV
• WD = 12.3 mm
• Signal A = SE2
• Signal B = InLens
• Signal = 0.5000

As can be seen from the resolution of less than 10 microns, the structure in the photograph is indeed designed photographically somewhat relief-like, but it is due to the strong magnification It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a smooth and closed surface structure has resulted from the deposited phosphorus on the steel sheet.

Fig. 13 shows a schematic representation of an example of a swirler 70 in a plan view. The swirling device 70 may in this case be formed as a fixed component of a treatment container 4 or be detachably connected to such a treatment container 4. The swirling device 70 preferably comprises a fluid line element 74, which is preferably formed from one or more line sections 80a-80e. The individual line sections 80a-80e can in this case be formed by lines, in particular hoses or pipes. Preferably, each line section 80a-80e has a multiplicity of outlet openings 76, through which a fluidizing fluid, which can be supplied to the fluid line element 74 via a fluid supply device 72, can exit or escape from the fluid line element 74 again. The individual line sections (preferably tubes) are particularly preferably connected or coupled to a distributor device 84. Each line section 80a-80e is preferably connected or coupled to a valve device 78, in particular a magnetic shut-off valve. Preferably, the valve devices 78 are each arranged in the fluid flow direction of the fluidization element guided by the fluidizing fluid between the distributor device 84 and the first outlet device 76. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a plurality of line sections 80a-80e are coupled to a common valve device 78 or a common valve device 78, in particular a shut-off valve, such as a magnetic shut-off valve, is provided for several line sections. A control device 86 and / or pulse generator device 86 is preferably connected to the distributor device 84. In this case, the control device 86 preferably initiates the opening and / or closing of one, several, several, or all valve devices 78, in particular shut-off valves 78. The control device 86 preferably has a control valve device through which a fluid communication channel, by means of which the control device 86 Verwirbelungsfluid is supplied, interrupted, limited or can be opened. The fluid communication channel is, preferably formed on the one hand by the distributor unit 84 with the adjoining line sections 80a-80e and on the other hand by a line connection 73, in particular a hose communicating with a fluid supply device 72 communicating. Alternatively, however, the fluid supply device 72 may also be connected directly to the control device 86 and / or the distributor unit 84. The fluid supply device 72 is preferably a pressure fluid port of a pressure fluid source, such as a compressed gas port of a Compressed gas source, in particular a compressed air connection of a compressed air source. This may be, for example, a compressor and / or a pressurized storage.

In Fig. 14 is that out Fig. 13 known and described purely by way of example swirling device 70 disposed in a treatment tank 4 and thereby exemplifies the inventive device. The treatment container 4 is bounded in this case in the longitudinal direction on the one hand by the Wehrwandung 12 and on the other hand by the rear wall 92. In the width direction of the treatment vessel is bounded on the one hand by the first side wall 90 and on the other hand by the second side wall 91. The bottom 82 of the treatment container 4 preferably has a drain outlet 85, through which the treatment substance from the main receiving space can be discharged, in particular derivable or pumpable. The drain outlet 85 is preferably connected to the filter device 18 in such a way that the treatment substance discharged via the drainage orifice 85 is fed to the filter device or can be supplied. On the other hand, the weir wall 12 delimits the collecting space 14 into which the impurities swirled up by the swirling device 70 can be guided, with the treatment substance passing over the weir wall 12, over the drain outlet 83 to the filter device 18 for filtering. Thus, pipes, in particular made of stainless steel, with a preferred diameter of between 4 mm and 6 mm, are preferably permanently installed on the tank bottom of the treatment plant. These tubes are preferably combined via a distributor unit. Particularly preferably, each tube is provided with a shut-off valve, wherein it is alternatively conceivable that only the distributor unit is provided with a valve device, in particular a shut-off valve, such as a magnetic shut-off valve, so that individual partial areas or the entire area can be acted upon in the bath. That is, as needed, the fluidizing fluid can be selectively supplied to one or more tubes, whereby special flows or turbulences can be generated in the treatment substance. About the fluid line element or the piping is preferably during the downtime of the treatment plant or the device according to the invention the fluidizing fluid under pressure, in particular compressed air, embedded in the bath or the treatment substance and thus the still stored on the ground dirt whirled, so that he in can distribute the liquid or the treatment substance. The admission, in particular blowing, of the fluidizing fluid, in particular of the compressed air, is preferably controlled by a time-switching valve and / or a control device 86 and can take place uniformly or pulsatingly, permanently or at programmed time intervals or as a function of detected sensor measurement data. Preferably during the inflation of the fluid, and more preferably up to 3 hours thereafter or up to two hours thereafter or up to 1 hour Thereafter or more than 3 hours later, the filter device 18 or the installed filter system preferably runs with it and removes the fluidized up dirt from the treatment substance.

Fig. 15 schematically shows the ascending fluidizing fluid, in particular the rising air bubbles 88. Through the air bubbles 88, which emerge through the outlet openings 76, the treatment substance is swirled. Furthermore, impurities, in particular sludge, are stirred up with the air bubbles out of the bottom region of the device according to the invention and conveyed upwards to the weir flow. Further shows Fig. 15 purely as an alternative to the line 73, a line 75. The line 75 may in this case be coupled to the treatment vessel 4 such that portions of the treatment substance can be removed from the treatment vessel 4. The treatment substance fractions removed by means of the line 75 are then preferably supplied to the swirling device 70 by means of a pumping device (not shown). The swirling fluid delivered by the swirling device 70 in this case to the treatment substance provided in the treatment container for swirling the treatment substance provided in the treatment container is thus the proportion of the treatment substance removed via the line 75. The line 75 may in this case be connected, for example, to the treatment substance removal means or the opening or mouth or suction opening 85.

Fig. 16 shows a purely exemplary and schematic structure of a treatment plant 100. According to this illustration, one or more of the treatment facilities 1, as it is known for example from the previous figures, be provided. Further, one or more surface treatment devices may be further treated for surface treatment of the treatment article 2 previously treated by the treatment device 1. Preferably, a further treatment of at least part of the surface of the treatment article 2 and more preferably at least the majority of the surface of the treatment article 2, and most preferably of substantially or exactly the entire surface of the treatment article 2, is performed. The surface treatment device 94 is preferred for coating the treatment article 2 educated. Preferably, the surface treatment device 94 applies or produces one or more layers of material on the surface of the treatment article 2. Preferably, the surface treatment device 94 causes a priming and / or galvanizing of the treatment article 2.

It is also conceivable that in the transport path 96 between the treatment device 1 and the surface treatment device 94, a drying device (not shown) is provided or designed for drying the treatment object 2. Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable that after the surface treatment device 94 or as part of the surface treatment device, a drying device (not shown) is provided or formed.

The surface treatment device 94 preferably has at least one flux device 194, in particular a flux bath, for fluxing the subject of the treatment and a galvanizing device 294. The flux device 194 preferably has a receiving container, in particular a trough, which is at least partially filled with a fluxing agent or fluxing agent, in particular a chloride, such as ammonium chloride or zinc chloride, or a mixture of fluxing agents. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the object to be treated is wetted with the fluxing agent or the fluxing agents, in particular with a mist or a liquid jet is acted upon. The flux device produces a type of adhesion promoter or primer on the protective layer produced by the treatment device, or the protective layer is converted into an adhesion-promoting layer by the fluxing. After fluxing, the subject matter 2 is preferably dried, in particular dried in a drying device (not shown). The drying device may in this case be part of the flux device 194 or the galvanizing device 294, wherein alternatively it is also conceivable that the drying device is separate from the flux device 194 and / or the galvanizing device, in particular structurally, functionally, spatially and / or energetically separated device. The drying device in the drying device preferably takes place at a temperature between 70 ° C. and 150 ° C., in particular at a temperature between 80 ° C. and 120 ° C.

The galvanizing device 294 is preferably designed for piece galvanizing or strip galvanizing. The galvanizing device 294 preferably has a hot zinc bath. The temperature of the zinc bath is preferably 450 ° C or substantially 450 ° C.

The treatment object 2 is thus first supplied to the treatment device 1 and modified therein by the treatment substance, in particular cleaned, pickled and provided with a phosphorus or phosphate layer.

Fig. 17a shows a SEM image of a phosphated by the treatment device surface. It can be seen that the phosphate layer is heterogeneous. The layer thickness is in this case only a few micrometers, in particular exactly or less than 100 micrometers or exactly or less than 80 micrometers or exactly or less than 70 micrometers or exactly or less than 65 micrometers or exactly or less than 63 micrometers or exactly or less than 60 micrometers or exactly or less than 58 microns or exactly or less than 55 microns or exactly or less than 50 microns.

Fig. 17b shows a SEM image of the phosphating generated by the treatment device 1.

The Figs. 18a and 18b show a cross section through a part of a metallic object 2 and a formed on the metallic object 2 or as part of the metallic object 2 zinc layer. The metallic object here is in particular a metallic component, such as a frame, in particular a vehicle frame, or carrier element or connecting means or cladding element, or metallic device, such as a container, or the treatment object, as has already been described with respect to the other figures. The metallic object 2 comprises at least one metallic portion, wherein on at least one surface 301 of the metallic portion, a zinc layer 300 is formed, wherein in the zinc layer 300 preferably bubble-shaped inclusions 302 are present, the bubble-shaped inclusions 302 particularly preferably phosphorus or a phosphate. Furthermore, the zinc layer 300 is preferably present in a Zn / X phase directly adjacent to the metallic portion, wherein X represents a material, in particular iron (Fe), which is a constituent of the metallic portion. If the metallic object is thus a body which consists at least partially and preferably in a majority and particularly preferably completely of iron, an iron compound, an iron alloy or a steel, the Zn / Fe phase is preferably present in the first section. The first section 306 is preferably adjoined by a second section 308, which is formed by a zinc phase, wherein the bubble-shaped inclusions 302 are preferably located at least in the majority, and particularly preferably completely, in the second section 308. Preferably, the second portion 308 is higher or thicker than the first portion 306. The second portion 308 is thus preferably at least as thick as the first portion 306. More preferably, the second portion 308 is more than the first portion 1.5 times, in particular more than 2 times or more than 2.5 times or more than 3 times as high as the first section 306.

Reference numeral 310 denotes potting material which is used only to detect the illustration shown.

The layer formation described above can be produced on a treatment object by treatment of the treatment object 2 with the treatment plant 100, in particular by treatment with the treatment device 1 according to the invention, subsequent fluxing in a fluxing device, in particular a flux bath, and subsequent galvanizing, in particular hot-dip galvanizing. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 treatment device 48 Demineralized water treatment facility 2 Treating article 49 control device 4 treatment tank 50 Further pressure belt filter device 6 treatment substance 51 storage tank 8th tempering 52 Side Channel Blowers 10 pumping device 53 First inclined ground share 12 wall 54 Second inclined ground share 14 staging area 55 Third inclined ground share 16 delivery line 56 Fourth inclined ground share 18 filtering device 57 outlet 19 Further filter device 58 connecting pipe 20 weir flow 60 Hauptabsaugleitung 22 Main reception space 61 Bag with nozzles 24 First secondary room 62 First part of the gutter 26 Second side room 63 Second part of the gutter 27 grid 70 swirling 28 jet 72 Providing device 39 wire coil 73 management 40 Treatment device for treating wire 74 Fluid conduit member 41 delivery point 76 outlet 42 treating 78 valve means 43 fixing bath 80 Pipe sections / pipes 44 removal point 80a first line section 45 transport means 80b second line section 46 Pressure belt filter device 80c third line section 47 metering 80d fourth line section 80e fifth line section 100 treatment plant 82 ground 194 Fluxeinrichtung 84 distribution unit 294 galvanizing 86 control unit 300 zinc coating 84 Drainage opening in the collection area 301 Surface of the metallic object 86 Drainage opening in the main receiving room 302 inclusions 88 ascending fluid (preferably air) 306 Zn / X-phase 90 Side wall 307 border area 92 rear wall 308 Zn phase 94 Surface treatment facility 310 embedding 96 transport

Claims (5)

1. A treatment device (1) for the treatment of a metal article for treatment (2), wherein the treatment comprises at least pickling and phosphating of the article for treatment (2),
   wherein the treatment device (1) comprises at least the following specified apparatus:

   a treatment container (4) for receiving the article for treatment (2) and for receiving a flowable treatment substance (6),

   a pump apparatus (10) for circulating at least a proportion of the treatment substance (6) and a filtration apparatus,

   wherein the treatment substance (6) can flow around at least a portion of the article for treatment (2), in particular the entire article for treatment (2),

   wherein the treatment substance (6) is a phosphorus-containing or phosphate-containing solution, wherein

   a swirling apparatus (70) is provided to swirl up impurities depositing out of the treatment substance, in particular solid particles,

   wherein the swirling apparatus (70) comprises at least one provision apparatus (72) and a fluid conducting element (74) having a plurality of outlet openings (76) for supplying a swirling fluid to the treatment substance (6),

   wherein the swirling fluid can be supplied through the provision apparatus (72) to the fluid conducting element (74) at a pressure of more than 200 kPa (2 bar), wherein the fluid conducting element (74) is formed by a plurality of conduit sections (80) which can be uncoupled from each other by means of valve apparatus (78), wherein at least the majority of the conduit sections (80) are disposed in the region of the floor (82) of the treatment container (4),

   and

   wherein the treatment container (4) is separated by a wall (12) from a collecting chamber (14) for collecting treatment substance (6) which flows over the wall (12), wherein the treatment substance (6) collected in the collecting chamber (14) can be recycled to the treatment container (4) by means of a conveyor conduit (16),

   wherein the pump apparatus (10) and the filtration apparatus (18) form a component of the conveyor conduit (16) and the conveyed treatment substance (6) is conveyed from the pump apparatus (10) through the filtration apparatus (18),

   wherein the conveyor conduit (16) is configured in a manner such that, because the treatment substance (6) is conveyed back to the treatment container (4), an overflow (20) can be produced to channel a portion of the treatment substance (6) out of the treatment container (4) and into the collecting chamber (14).
2. The treatment device as claimed in claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the conduit sections are formed by tubes (80), in particular with a diameter of between 2 mm and 12 mm and preferably with a diameter of between 3 mm and 9 mm and particularly preferably with a diameter of between 4 mm and 6 mm,
   wherein the tubes (80) are coupled to the floor (82) of the treatment container (4) or are disposed thereon,
   wherein the tubes (80) are connected together by means of at least one distribution unit (84), and
   wherein each valve apparatus (78) is configured as a shut-off valve, in particular as a magnetic shut-off valve, and
   the provision apparatus (72) is configured to provide a gas, in particular air, at a pressure of at least 2 bar.
3. The treatment device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the filtration apparatus (18) is provided for filtration of the treatment substance (6), wherein impurities which have been concentrated in the treatment substance (6) are removed from the treatment substance (6) by means of the filtration, and
   a control apparatus is provided for operating the filtration apparatus and/or the swirling apparatus,
   wherein the filtration apparatus and the swirling apparatus can be operated at least periodically interdependently.
4. The treatment device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   the operation of the swirling apparatus at least periodically comprises the provision of the swirling fluid and the control of the valve apparatus,
   wherein the valve apparatus can be controlled in accordance with predetermined sequences, in particular at programmed time intervals.
5. The treatment device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the treatment container (4) comprises a main collecting chamber (22) into which the article for treatment (2) can be introduced and at least one first auxiliary collecting chamber (24), wherein the main collecting chamber (22) and the first auxiliary collecting chamber (24) are connected together in a manner such that on the one hand the treatment substance (6) can flow out of the main collecting chamber (22) into the first auxiliary collecting chamber (24) and on the other hand can flow out of the first auxiliary collecting chamber (24) into the main collecting chamber (22), wherein the main collecting chamber (22) and the first auxiliary collecting chamber (24) are delimited from each other in a manner such that penetration of the article for treatment (2) into the first auxiliary collecting chamber (24) is at least partially and preferably completely prevented, and
   wherein the main collecting chamber (22) is also coupled to a second auxiliary collecting chamber (26),
   wherein the first auxiliary collecting chamber (24) is a buffer collecting chamber positioned beneath the main collecting chamber (22) for receiving a specific quantity of treatment substance (6), and
   wherein the second auxiliary collecting chamber (26) is a tempering chamber which is preferably positioned laterally of the main collecting chamber (22), wherein a tempering device (8) is at least partially disposed in the second auxiliary collecting chamber (26).

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