EP3368461B1 - Safety element for deflector unit - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an elevator installation according to the preamble of claim 1.

Elevator systems are usually installed in a shaft of a building and are used to transport people or goods. The cabin movable in the vertical direction in the shaft is carried by suspension means, for example in the form of ropes or belts, the suspension means being connected to a drive for moving the cabin. Depending on the configuration of the elevator installation, the cabin and / or a counterweight connected to the cabin via the suspension element is connected to the suspension element via one or more deflection units. In the case of a 2: 1 suspension, for example, the car is assigned one or two deflection units and the counterweight is assigned a deflection unit.

Diverters have one or more pulleys, which is freely rotatably mounted, for example using rolling bearings or are. The axle is attached to a support to which the cab or counterweight is suspended or suspended. This axle attachment can lead to problems in the deflection units known for elevator systems. In rare cases, it may happen, for example, due to lack of or failure to maintain that the pulley is no longer free to rotate with respect to the axis, which high torques between pulley and axle can occur. This can have a negative effect on the axle mounting. In extreme cases, the axle could migrate out of the carrier, which can lead to accidents.

To prevent such accidents deflecting units have been developed with a pulley and an axle mounted on a carrier, which in a first life cycle, a rotationally secure mounting of the axle is ensured in the carrier and in which when a certain torque is exceeded, the axis in a second life cycle rotatably in the carrier is stored. A genus comparable comparable elevator system with a counterweight associated deflection unit having the described functionality with the two life cycles, is from the WO 2013/186092 A1 known.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an elevator system, with the the operational safety can be further increased.

This object is achieved according to the invention with an elevator installation with the features of claim 1. Since the holding means for axially securing the axle to the carrier at least for special operating conditions (for example, after the system was improperly or not maintained and therefore the pulley suddenly and unforeseen can not turn completely free) rotation of the axle in the carrier is possible the risk of breakdowns or accidents compared to lifts with conventional deflection units are significantly reduced. With this arrangement, it is ensured that an unintentional escape of the axle from the carrier can be virtually ruled out by axial travel away in the event of excessive mechanical stress. Particularly advantageously, the axle arrangement and fastening is used in the deflection unit associated with the counterweight. At least one of the holding means is rotationally fixed relative to the carrier for a rotationally secure mounting of the axle in a first life cycle by an anti-rotation means. With such an arrangement, the respective deflection unit can be operated optimally at least in the first life cycle. For example, the deflection roller can be turned with low noise and with little wear.

At least one deflection unit is designed such that when a certain torque between deflection roller and axle is exceeded, the anti-rotation means releases the corresponding (or the anti-rotation means associated) holding means and the axis is rotatably mounted in a second life cycle in the carrier between the holding means. The lifetime of the axle attachment of the deflection unit is thus characterized by two life cycles. In the first life cycle, which roughly corresponds to a normal state, the axis in the carrier can not be rotated. In the subsequent second life cycle, which corresponds approximately to an emergency operating state, the axle can be rotated in the carrier, whereby the axial securing of the axle in the carrier is still ensured. By dividing the service life into two cycles, the diverter unit can also be better monitored. In the second life cycle, it may happen that the axle eats itself by wear in the carrier and a more or less vertically extending slot in the carrier arises. This phenomenon is easily observed, which simplifies monitoring of the diverter for maintenance personnel.

Characterized in that the one or more anti-rotation means comprise a secured to the carrier, for example, by material selection or shaping created weakening zone comprising securing element, wherein the securing element for the rotationally secure mounting of the axis in the first life cycle, the axis acts in a blocking position and wherein the securing element is configured such that the blocking position of the axis for creating the rotatable mounting of the axle with respect to the carrier in the second life cycle is canceled under force by exceeding a certain torque by deformation (eg by plastic deformation) and / or destruction of the weakening zone, a particularly advantageous, safe Deflection unit created.

The securing element can be a body, preferably formed by a plate, which can be fastened to the carrier, for example by means of a screw or in some other way.

Preferably, the securing element is designed and secured to the carrier such that the securing element, after the blocking position has been released under the action of force when a certain torque is exceeded in the second life cycle with respect to the rotatable mounting of the axle in the carrier, remains on the carrier. This avoids that flying parts can cause damage.

The weakening zone of the securing element may be formed as a predetermined breaking point or contain a predetermined breaking point.

In the securing element can be integrated to form the weakening zone at least one web preferably. This web or at least one of the webs may be particularly preferably designed as a predetermined breaking point.

The securing element may have a fixing region, via which the securing element is fastened or fastened to the carrier, and a holding region, by means of which the axis is held or held by the securing element in the blocking position in the first life cycle. The weakening zone can be the fixing area with the Connect holding area. The weakening zone is thus located between the fixing area and the holding area.

The securing element may have a fixing region, via which the securing element is fastened or fastened to the carrier, and a holding region, by means of which the axis is held or held by the securing element in the blocking position in the first life cycle; wherein the fixing region and the holding region is connected by the at least one web. The securing element is preferably designed as a monolithic body.

The fixing region may have the shape of a ring. When using screws for the attachment of the securing element to the carrier, the annular fixing region can form an active surface, which is acted upon or acted upon in a clamping manner by the screw head or a nut.

It is advantageous if the securing element has at least two webs. Particularly preferred are two webs are provided. In this embodiment, it can be ensured, for example, that the fuse element also remains in the second life cycle after the blocking position of the axle has been released, because when exceeding the predetermined torque only one of the two webs breaks or is separated, while the other web indeed undergoes plastic deformation, but otherwise remains intact. The fuse element may also have more than two webs for special applications. The securing element with the plurality of webs may have a star-shaped arrangement of the webs.

The inner, annular fixing region can be connected to the outer holding region by radially and preferably straight webs. This may result in a star-shaped arrangement. However, other web geometries are also conceivable. Thus, the webs could have a serpentine or zigzag course. Also, a spiral shape is conceivable, in which case a web or to form a double spiral two webs would be provided for this case.

The webs may have a constant web width over the entire web length. However, it may be advantageous if the webs at least with respect to a plan view are formed radially inwardly tapered. For example, the respective web may have a trapezoidal shape.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the holding region has a substantially quadrangular outer contour. This fuse element could be made easily from a square metal plate. Such a fuse element could therefore also be referred to as a "break plate".

The retaining means may be formed on one side by an axle head integrally formed on the axle to form a shoulder-like abutment. The axis with the axle head is preferably made monolithic and consists for example of a metallic material. The axle may be a substantially rotationally symmetrical steel axle body. In this embodiment, therefore, the axle has a mushroom-shaped configuration, wherein the axle forms the abovementioned axle head ("mushroom shield"), to which an axle shaft adjoins in the axial direction. The axle head is essentially cylindrical and has a larger diameter than the axle shaft. Such a rigidly connected to the axis holding means leads to a particularly high stability of the axle attachment. The axle head can simply be dimensioned so that a break or other destruction of the axle head is virtually impossible even with extremely strong mechanical stresses during operation of the elevator. Incidentally, the axle assembly with the mushroom-shaped axle body is easy to handle and allows easy and quick assembly and disassembly.

The rotationally secure mounting of the axle can be achieved in that at least one of the holding means, such as the aforementioned axle head has a predetermined by a plane surface anti-rotation portion which is supported on a securing element secured to the carrier. The anti-rotation portion may be arranged in the peripheral region of the axle head. For example, if the axle head has a cylindrical outer shape, the anti-rotation portion can be easily formed by chamfering the cylindrical peripheral surface. Instead of an anti-rotation section created by chamfering, the axle head can also have an anti-rotation portion protruding in the radial direction, which is fastened to the carrier, for example, by means of a screw connection.

Further, it may be advantageous if the holding means is formed on at least one side by a separate component. It is particularly advantageous if on one side of the axis, the holding means is formed by the previously described axle head and on the opposite side of the holding means by the separate component. A simple assembly and disassembly of the deflection is ensured in this way.

Figur 1

eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage in einer Seitenansicht,

Figur 2

einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch eine Umlenkeinheit der Aufzugsanlage gemäss Figur 1,

Figur 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Seite der Umlenkeinheit aus Figur 2 in einer teilweisen Explosionsdarstellung,

Figur 4

die andere Seite der Umlenkeinheit aus Figur 2,

Figur 5

eine perspektivische Explosionsdarstellung der Achsenanordnung für die Umlenkeinheit gemäss Figur 2,

Figur 6

ein Sicherungselement für die verdrehsichere Lagerung der Achse der Umlenkeinheit gemäss Figur 2, und

Figur 7

das Sicherungselement aus Figur 6 nach der Krafteinwirkung durch Überschreiten des bestimmten Drehmoments zwischen Umlenkrolle und Achse der Umlenkeinheit.

Further individual features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment and from the drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a simplified representation of an elevator installation in a side view,

FIG. 2

a section of a cross section through a deflection of the elevator installation according to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3

a perspective view of one side of the deflection of FIG. 2 in a partially exploded view,

FIG. 4

the other side of the deflection from FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5

an exploded perspective view of the axle assembly for the deflection according to FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6

a securing element for the torsion-resistant mounting of the axis of the deflection according to FIG. 2 , and

FIG. 7

the fuse element FIG. 6 after the action of force by exceeding the specific torque between the deflection roller and the axis of the deflection unit.

FIG. 1 shows a generally designated 1 elevator system in a highly simplified and schematic representation. The elevator installation (or shortly the elevator) 1 has a cabin 2 which can be moved vertically up and down in an elevator shaft 3 for the purpose of transporting People or goods on. Supporting means 5 for supporting the car 2 and a counterweight 4 may be a rope or a plurality of ropes. Of course, other support means are conceivable, for example in the form of belts. The car 2 and the counterweight 4 are each connected via deflecting units 7, 8, 9 with the support means 5. To move the car 2 and the counterweight 4, a drive 6, for example a traction sheave drive, is used, which is arranged by way of example in a separate machine room in the region of the shaft head. Of course, the special deflection units described in more detail below would also be suitable for other elevators and, in particular, for so-called machine room-less elevators. In the FIG. 1 illustrated elevator installation 1 is designed in a 2: 1 suspension configuration. Of course, other suspension variants (eg 4: 1) would be conceivable. Furthermore, instead of in FIG. 1 shown unterschlingung the car 2 a deflection unit may also be arranged in the region of the cabin roof.

Technical details for the construction of a deflection unit are off FIG. 2 and from FIGS. 3 to 5. FIG. 2 shows the region of the axis of rotation of the counterweight associated with the deflection unit 9, on which via the carrier 13, the (not shown) counterweight is suspended. However, the deflecting unit 9 shown here could also be associated with the car 2 (7, 8, see Fig. 1) or even be arranged at another location in the elevator installation 1. The deflection unit 9 comprises a deflection roller 11, on the circumference of which the support means (not shown here) is guided and deflected. The deflection roller 11 is connected via a bearing 12 with an axis 10 and freely rotatably supported on the axis 10. For example, the bearing 12 may include one or more rolling bearings as required. The axle 10 is fixed to a carrier 13. The carrier 13 is connected to the (not shown) counterweight. The carrier 13 has two mutually opposite walls 25 and 26, which are each provided with a bearing receptacle, through which the axis 10 is performed. The axle 10 is secured in the axial direction on both sides. On one side, the holding means for axially securing the axle on the carrier 13 is formed by an axle head 15 formed on the axle 10, which defines a shoulder-like stop. On the opposite side, the axial securing is achieved by a holding part 14 attached to the axle. For securing the holding part 14 in the position shown, the securing part designated 20 is used.

The axis 10 is rotatably connected to the carriers 13, wherein the rotation only acts on one side of the axle. This anti-rotation ensures the designated fuse element 16, which is bolted to the carrier 13. The axle head 15 has a predetermined by a flat surface anti-rotation portion 21 which is supported on the fuse element 16. The fuse element 16 is attached to the carrier 13 via a screw connection.

Out FIG. 3 shows, inter alia, that the holding part 14 is designed horseshoe-shaped. The horseshoe-shaped holding part 14 has mutually opposite, parallel flanks 18 which cooperate with complementary form-fitting portions 19 and thus ensure a rotationally fixed fixation of the holding part 14 in the finished assembled position. In the inserted position, the holding part 14 surrounds the axis 10 with respect to the radial direction predetermined by the axis. The holding part 14 is provided with threaded holes designed as receptacles for mounting screws 23. The securing part 20 is designed annular and contains four to the threaded holes 27 corresponding through holes 28 through which the screws 23 are inserted.

As FIG. 4 shows, the securing element 16 is formed by a plate-like body. Instead of the illustrated in a plan view square plate also other shapes for the component 16 could be selected. It should be noted that the securing element 16 on the side designated 38 has an edge or portion which cooperates with the anti-rotation portion 21 of the axis 10 and rests against this. The securing element 16 has a hole 30, through which the screw 17 can be inserted and then screwed into the threaded bore in the wall 26 of the carrier 13. The substantially cylindrically shaped axle head has an anti-rotation portion 21 created by chamfering. The anti-rotation portion 21 is supported on the fuse element 16 and thus causes the rotation of the axis 10. The fuse element 16 is located in FIG. 4 in a blocking position. The fastening screw 17 has a screw head 31 and an adjoining, threaded screw shank 32. Furthermore, a washer 33 can be seen, which lies after screwing the fastening screw 17 on an annular fixing region 34 of the securing element 16. The annular fixing region 34 thus forms an active surface, which can be acted upon by clamping by the screw head 31. It is of course conceivable to design the screw connection in such a way that can be dispensed with the washer 33.

If under the influence of excessive shear forces, for example, when the guide roller 11 suddenly and unforeseen can not turn and a certain torque between the guide roller 11 and axis 10 is exceeded, the securing element 16 is compressed. In this compression, the designated 38, the anti-rotation portion 21 facing side 38 of the fuse element 16 is pressed down permanently, whereby the blocking position is canceled. The securing element 16 is then plastically deformed and partially destroyed (see the following Fig. 7 ).

The securing element 16 has two webs 35 designed as predetermined breaking points for this special purpose. Regarding details of the exact configuration of the fuse element 16 is on the FIGS. 6 and 7 directed. The mentioned torque can be precisely adjusted by choice of material, dimensioning and by shaping, in particular the web geometries of the fuse element 16. The screw 17 remains intact even under excessive mechanical action, whereby the securing element 16 remains together with the screw 17 in any case on the carrier 13. The screw 17 thus does not represent a predetermined breaking element.

Thanks to the two lateral holding means, i. the axle head 15 on one side and the received in a groove 22 of the axle 10 holding part 14 on the other side, the axle 10 is still secured against undesired movement in the axial direction. When the service person discovers the axle 10 rotating in the carrier 13, it may take repair or repair measures. After the release of the rotation, the axis 10 is thus rotatably received in the carrier 13 in a second life cycle of the deflection unit. Tests have shown that the rotating axle 10 can, after some time by wear, to a certain extent eat into the carrier 13 and a more or less vertically extending slot arises in the carrier. Thanks to the special axle arrangement, however, an axial securing is ensured at all times, so that the axle 10 can not fall out of the carrier 13 or move away. The possibly resulting slot also allows for easy monitoring of the deflection unit.

Instead of in FIG. 4 shown by chamfering Verdrehsicherungsabschnitts 21, the axle head 15 could also have an anti-rotation portion protruding in the radial direction or a special shape in the peripheral area. It would even be conceivable to weld the plate body of the security element 16 to the axle head 15.

FIG. 5 shows the individual components of the axle assembly containing the axis 10 with the axis formed on the axle head 15, designed as a plate securing element 16, the holding part 14 and the securing member 20. The axis 10 is designed to be mushroom-shaped, the axis head 15 the "mushroom umbrella" forms. The axle shaft 24 adjoining the axle head in the axial direction has a smaller diameter D1 than the diameter D2 of the axle head 15. The axle shaft 24 can be fitted in corresponding bearing receptacles of the carrier.

FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a fuse element 16 in the original state. In this form, the securing element 16 is installed in the respective deflection unit and ensures the previously described rotation of the axis 10. The fuse element 16 has two by arcuate recesses 36 created webs 35. The recesses 36 and the through hole 30 in the form of a bore can be easily created, for example, by machining processes. As a blank for the fuse element 16, a full, square metal plate (eg steel) could be used.

The securing element 16 has an inner, annular fixing region 34 and an outer holding region 37 with a quadrangular outer contour. The inner, annular fixing region 34 is connected to the outer holding region 37 via the two webs 35. The annular fixing region 34 serves for fastening the securing element 16 to the carrier 13 (not shown here) of the deflection unit. In this case, the annular fixing region 34 forms an active surface, which can be acted upon by clamping by the screw head (31) of the fastening screw (17) (cf. Fig. 4 ). The (not shown here) axis is held on the holding portion 37 in the blocking position for a rotationally secure mounting of the axis in the first life cycle. The webs 35 extend from the annular fixing region 34 in the radial direction outward to the outer holding portion 37. The webs 35 are tapered in plan view radially inwardly, wherein they are shaped like a trapezoid.

Under the action of force when the predetermined torque of the axle is exceeded, the securing element 16 is changed as follows: The side 38 of the securing element 16 is pressed down by the rotating axle and causes deformation and partial destruction of the securing element 16 FIG. 7 shown. When pressing down on page 38, one of the bars was apparently broken; while the other bridge 35 has been plastically deformed, but otherwise remains intact. A residual web of the broken web is designated 35 '. Consequently, the securing element 16 formed from a quadrangular metal plate could also be referred to as a "break plate". Thanks to the in FIG. 7 By way of example, the left web 35, which does not undergo any separation in contrast to the other web, can ensure that the securing element 16 remains on the carrier 13. FIG. 7 relates to the second life cycle in which the axle 10 is rotatably mounted in the carrier 13.

The inventive fuse element could, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 6 also have only one web or more than two webs. In the case of a securing element having more than two webs, the webs should preferably be arranged in a star shape. To specify a defined predetermined breaking point, an indentation, a constriction or possibly a perforation line can be arranged in the respective web.

As an alternative to the webs, the securing element could also have other weakening zones, which are deformable and / or destructible in order to cancel the blocking position of the axis with regard to the desired second life cycle. The weakening zone could be formed, for example, by a plastically deformable material, for example a crushable plastic material, which is plastically deformed when excessive force is applied.

Claims (16)

1. Elevator installation comprising a car (2), a counterweight (4) and a support means (5) for supporting the car (2) and the counterweight (4), the car (2) and/or the counterweight (4) each being connected to the support means (5) via at least one deflection unit (7, 8, 9), the at least one deflection unit (7, 8, 9) having at least one deflection roller (11) and an axle (10) fastened to a carrier (13), on which axle the at least one deflection roller (11) is freely rotatably mounted, holding means (14, 15) being provided on both sides of the axle (10), between which means the carrier (13) is held and which permit rotation of the axle (10) with respect to the carrier (13), at least one of the holding means (14, 15) being non-rotatably secured by an anti-rotation means (16, 17, 21) for an anti-rotational mounting of the axle (10) in a first life cycle and at least one deflection unit (7, 8, 9) being designed in such a way that, when a specific torque between the deflection roller (11) and axle (10) is exceeded, the anti-rotation means releases the associated holding means (15) and the axle (10) is rotatably mounted in the carrier (13) in a second life cycle, characterized in that the anti-rotation means comprises a securing element (16) which has a weakened zone and is fastened to the carrier (13), the securing element (16) acting on the axle (10) in a blocking position in the first life cycle for the anti-rotational mounting of the axle (10), and the securing element (16) being designed in such a way that, when a specific torque is exceeded, the blocking position of the axle (10) in the second life cycle is forcibly canceled by means of deformation and/or destruction of the weakened zone.
2. Elevator installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the securing element (16) is a body preferably formed by a plate.
3. Elevator installation according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the securing element (16) is fastened to the carrier (13) by means of a screw (17).
4. Elevator installation according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the securing element (16) is designed in such a way and fastened to the carrier (13) in the first life cycle that the securing element (16) remains on the carrier (13) in the second life cycle after the blocking position has been canceled.
5. Elevator installation according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the weakened zone of the securing element (16) is designed as a predetermined breaking point or contains a predetermined breaking point.
6. Elevator installation according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one bridge (35) is integrated in the securing element (16).
7. Elevator installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the bridge (35) is designed as a predetermined breaking point.
8. Elevator installation according to either claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that the securing element (16) comprises a securing region (34) by means of which the securing element (16) is fastened or can be fastened to the carrier (13), and a holding region (37) by means of which the axle (10) is held or can be held by the securing element (16) in the blocking position in the first life cycle, and in that the weakened zone connects the securing region (34) to the holding region (37).
9. Elevator installation according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the securing element (16) comprises a securing region (34) by means of which the securing element (16) is fastened or can be fastened to the carrier (13), and a holding region (37) by means of which the axle (10) is held or can be held by the securing element (16) in the blocking position in the first life cycle, the fixing region (34) and the holding region (37) being connected by means of the at least one bridge (34).
10. Elevator installation according to either claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the securing region (34) has the shape of a ring in plan view.
11. Elevator installation according to any of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the securing region is an inner, annular securing region (34) and in that the holding region (37) surrounds the securing region (34) on the outside.
12. Elevator installation according to any of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the securing element (16) has at least two bridges (35).
13. Elevator installation according to claim 11 and any of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the inner, annular securing region (34) is connected to the outer holding region (37) by means of radially and preferably straight bridges (35).
14. Elevator installation according to any of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the bridges (35) are tapered radially inwardly.
15. Elevator installation according to any of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the holding region (37) has a substantially quadrangular outer contour.
16. Elevator installation according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the holding means (15) provided for anti-rotation has an anti-rotational portion (21) which is preferably predefined by a planar surface and is supported on the securing element (16) fastened to the carrier (13).

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