EP2859245B1 - Lift assembly - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an elevator installation according to the preamble of claim 1.

Elevator systems are usually installed in a shaft of a building and are used to transport people or goods. The cabin movable in the vertical direction in the shaft is carried by suspension means, for example in the form of ropes or belts, the suspension means being connected to a drive for moving the cabin. Depending on the configuration of the elevator installation, the cabin and / or a counterweight connected to the cabin via the suspension element is connected to the suspension element via one or more deflection units. In the case of a 2: 1 suspension, for example, the car is assigned one or two deflection units and the counterweight is assigned a deflection unit.

Diverters have one or more pulleys, which is freely rotatably mounted, for example using rolling bearings or are. The axle is attached to a support to which the cab or counterweight is suspended or suspended. This axle attachment can lead to problems in the deflection units known for elevator systems. In rare cases, it may happen, for example, due to lack of or failure to maintain that the pulley is no longer free to rotate with respect to the axis, which high torques between pulley and axle can occur. This can have a negative effect on the axle mounting. In extreme cases, the axle could migrate out of the carrier, which can lead to accidents.

From the WO 2010/103165 A1 is a deflection with a freely rotatable about a rotation axis, mounted on an axis on a support pulley known, which - with respect to a center plane which is vertical to the axis of rotation of the pulley - has a mirror-symmetrical configuration of the axis. For axial securing, the axis formed by a cylindrical body has grooves on both sides, in which the carrier engages directly or indirectly via a holding part fixed to the carrier. The peripheral surface of the axis is interrupted by an outer adjacent to the respective groove planar portion which is supported on a bolted to the carrier, formed by a plate securing member. The safety elements have the purpose of ensuring a rotationally secure mounting of the axle. After omission the rotation due to wear should, according to the description of WO 2010/103165 the axis held by the grooves in the carrier allow rotation of the axle. Depending on the design, however, the desired axial securing is not given, inadequate or achievable only by complex design solutions.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of the known and in particular to provide an elevator system with which the reliability can be increased. The deflection unit for the elevator system should continue to be simple in design and manufacture and are characterized by a robust design.

This object is achieved according to the invention with an elevator installation with the features of claim 1. Characterized in that on both sides of the axis holding means for axially securing the axis are provided on the carrier, between which the carrier is preferably received with ease and which allow rotation of the axis with respect to the carrier, the reliability and the life of the elevator system increases or improved. Since the mentioned holding means at least for special operating conditions (for example, after the system was improperly or not serviced and therefore the pulley suddenly and unforeseen can not turn completely free) rotation of the axle in the carrier is possible, the risk of malfunction or accidents be significantly reduced. With this arrangement it is ensured that an unintentional breaking of the axle from the carrier can be virtually ruled out by axial travel away in the event of excessive mechanical stress. Particularly advantageously, the axle arrangement and fastening according to the invention is used in the deflection unit assigned to the counterweight. The retaining means is formed on one side by an axle head integrally formed on the axle to form a shoulder-like abutment for the wearer. To axially secure the axle in the carrier another holding means is used on the opposite side. The axis with the axle head is preferably made monolithic and consists for example of a metallic material. The axle may be a substantially rotationally symmetrical steel axle body. The axis thus has a mushroom-shaped configuration, wherein the axis comprises the mentioned axis head ("mushroom shield"), to which an axial shaft connects in the axial direction. By way of example, the axle head is essentially cylindrical and has a larger diameter than the axle shaft. Such a rigidly connected to the axle holding means leads to a particularly high stability of the axle attachment. The axle head can simply be dimensioned so that a break or other destruction of the axle head is virtually impossible even with extremely strong mechanical stresses during operation of the elevator. Incidentally, the axle assembly with the mushroom-shaped axle body is easy to handle and allows easy and quick assembly and disassembly.

In a first embodiment, at least the axle head and / or the holding means (arranged on the opposite side) for a rotationally secure mounting of the axle in a first life cycle can be fixed in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the carrier by means of an anti-rotation means. With such an arrangement, the respective deflection unit can be operated optimally at least in the first life cycle. For example, the deflection roller can be turned with low noise and with little wear. However, depending on the field of use, it may of course also be sufficient if the axle which is fitted in bearing receivers of the carrier is prevented from rotating during normal operation due to the significantly higher axle-carrier friction (in comparison with the rolling bearing arrangement, for example).

It may be advantageous if at least one deflection unit is designed such that when a certain torque between the deflection roller and axis exceeds the anti-rotation means releases the corresponding (or the anti-rotation means associated) holding means and the axis in a second life cycle rotatable in the carrier between the holding means is stored. The lifetime of the axle attachment of the deflection unit is thus characterized by two life cycles. In the first life cycle, which roughly corresponds to a normal state, the axis in the carrier can not be rotated. In the subsequent second life cycle, which corresponds approximately to an emergency operating state, the axle can be rotated in the carrier, whereby the axial securing of the axle in the carrier is still ensured. By dividing the service life into two cycles, the diverter unit can also be better monitored. In the second life cycle, it may happen that the axle eats itself by wear in the carrier and a more or less vertically extending slot in the carrier arises. This phenomenon is easily observed, which simplifies monitoring of the diverter for maintenance personnel.

The anti-rotation means could for example have an action mechanism that can be triggered when exceeding the aforementioned excessive torque and thus releases the retaining means. But it may be particularly advantageous if the anti-rotation means is designed as a predetermined breaking element. Such an anti-rotation means may comprise, for example, a comparatively tightly dimensioned screw which breaks under the action of high shear forces when the predetermined torque between deflection roller and axle is exceeded. Of course, however, other predetermined breaking elements would be conceivable.

For rotationally secure mounting of the axle can be achieved by the axle head has a preferably predetermined by a flat surface anti-rotation portion which is supported on a securing member secured to the carrier. The anti-rotation portion may be arranged in the peripheral region of the axle head. For example, if the axle head has a cylindrical outer shape, the anti-rotation portion can be easily formed by chamfering the cylindrical peripheral surface. Instead of an anti-rotation section created by chamfering, the axle head can also have an anti-rotation portion protruding in the radial direction, which is fastened to the carrier, for example, by means of a screw connection.

The securing member may be a preferably formed by a plate body which is attached via at least one screw on the carrier. This screw can be designed as a predetermined breaking element, which break under the action of excessive shear forces and so the rotation of the axle can be lifted.

It may be advantageous if the securing member is secured by a single screw on the carrier. With the one-bolt arrangement, the desired breaking point value, at which the anti-rotation device is to be removed, can be set particularly easily.

The screw can be aligned so axially parallel to the axis that at least for a first life cycle, in which the axis is arranged rotationally fixed in the carrier, screw and axis lie on a surface normal of the anti-rotation portion.

Further, it may be advantageous if the holding means is formed on at least one side by a separate component. A simple assembly and disassembly of the deflection is ensured in this way.

The holding means may be formed on at least one side by a holding part surrounding the axis in the radial direction. The holding part surrounding the axle can be simply applied to the axle and removed again. It may be particularly advantageous if the holding part is designed horseshoe-shaped or annular.

For a rotationally secure holding of the holding part on the axle, the horseshoe-shaped holding part can have plane flanks and the axis running complementary to the flanks and preferably provided by chamfering form-fitting sections. The horseshoe-shaped holding part can be easily applied from the outside in the radial direction on the axis.

The axle may have a groove for receiving the horseshoe-shaped holding part. The groove ensures precise positioning of the holding part on the axle.

To secure the holding part may be provided a surrounding the axis in the radial direction securing part, which is preferably connected by screws to the holding part. The securing part can be designed annular.

Figur 1

eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage in einer Seitenansicht,

Figur 2

einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts durch eine Umlenkeinheit der Aufzugsanlage gemäss Figur 1,

Figur 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Seite der Umlenkeinheit aus Figur 2 in einer teilweisen Explosionsdarstellung,

Figur 4

die andere Seite der Umlenkeinheit aus Figur 2, und

Figur 5

eine perspektivische Explosionsdarstellung der Achsenanordnung für die Umlenkeinheit gemäss Figur 2.

Further individual features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment and from the drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a simplified representation of an elevator installation in a side view,

FIG. 2

a section of a cross section through a deflection of the elevator installation according to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3

a perspective view of one side of the deflection of FIG. 2 in a partially exploded view,

FIG. 4

the other side of the deflection from FIG. 2 , and

FIG. 5

an exploded perspective view of the axle assembly for the deflection according to FIG. 2 ,

FIG. 1 shows a generally designated 1 elevator system in a highly simplified and schematic representation. The elevator has a vertically up and down movable cabin 2 for the transport of persons or goods. Supporting means 5 for supporting the car and a counterweight 4 may be a rope or a plurality of ropes. Of course, other support means are conceivable, for example in the form of belts. The car 2 and the counterweight 4 are each connected via deflection units 7, 8, 9 with the support means. To move the car 2 and the counterweight 4, a drive 6, for example a traction sheave drive, is used, which is arranged by way of example in a separate machine room in the region of the shaft head. Of course, the special deflection units described in more detail below would also be suitable for other elevators and, in particular, for so-called machine room-less elevators. In the FIG. 1 illustrated elevator installation 1 is designed in a 2: 1 suspension configuration. Of course, other suspension variants (eg 1: 1, 4: 1, etc.) would be conceivable. Furthermore, instead of in FIG. 1 shown unterschlingung the car 2 a deflection unit may also be arranged in the region of the cabin roof.

Technical details for the construction of a deflection unit are off FIG. 2 seen. FIG. 2 shows the region of the axis of rotation of the counterweight associated with the deflection unit 9, on which via the carrier 13, the (not shown) counterweight is suspended. However, the deflection unit shown here could also be assigned to the cabin (7, 8; Fig.1 ) or even at another location in the elevator installation. The deflection unit 9 comprises a deflection roller 11, on the circumference of which the support means (not shown here) is guided and deflected. The deflection roller 11 is connected via a bearing 12 with an axis 10 and freely rotatably supported on the axis 10. For example, the bearing 12 may include one or more rolling bearings as required. The axle 10 is fixed to a carrier 13. The carrier 13 is connected to the (not shown) counterweight. The carrier 13 has two mutually opposite walls 25 and 26, which are each provided with a bearing receptacle, through which the axis 10th is performed. The axle 10 is secured in the axial direction on both sides. On one side, the holding means for axially securing the axle to the carrier is formed by an axle head 15 integrally formed on the axle 10, which defines a shoulder-like stop. On the opposite side, the axial securing is achieved by a holding part 14 attached to the axle. For securing the holding part 14 in the position shown, the securing part designated 20 is used.

The axis 10 is rotatably connected to the carriers 13, wherein the rotation only acts on one side of the axle. This rotation ensures the designated 16 fuse element, which is bolted to the carrier 13. The axle head 15 has a predetermined by a flat surface anti-rotation portion 21 which is supported on a securing member 16. The securing member 16 is secured to the carrier 13 via a screw connection.

Out FIG. 3 shows, inter alia, that the holding part 14 is designed horseshoe-shaped. The horseshoe-shaped holding part 14 has mutually opposite, parallel flanks 18, which cooperate with complementary form-shot portions 19 and thus ensure a rotationally fixed fixation of the holding part 14 in the finished assembled position. In the inserted position, the holding part 14 surrounds the axis 19 with respect to the radial direction predetermined by the axis. The securing part 20 is designed annular and contains four to the threaded holes 27 corresponding through holes 28 through which the screws 23 are inserted. The holding part 14 is provided with threaded holes designed as receptacles for mounting screws 23. As an alternative to the variant shown here, the holding part could be ring-shaped and the securing part horseshoe-shaped.

As FIG. 4 shows, the securing member 16 is formed by a plate-like body. Instead of the illustrated in a plan view square plate also other shapes for the component 16 could be selected. It should be noted that the securing member 16 has an edge or portion which cooperates with the anti-rotation portion 21 of the axis 10 and rests against this. The securing member 16 has a hole 30 through which the screw 17 can be inserted and then screwed into the threaded bore in the wall 26 of the carrier 13. The substantially cylindrically shaped axle head has an anti-rotation portion 21 created by chamfering.

The screw 17 is a predetermined breaking element, which under the influence of excessive shear forces, for example, when the pulley suddenly and unforeseen can not turn and a certain torque between pulley and axle is exceeded, breaks and thereby the rotation of the axle 10 is released , The mentioned torque can be easily adjusted by the choice and dimensioning of the screw 17. Thanks to the two lateral holding means, i. the axle head 15 on one side and the holding part 14 on the other side, the axis is still secured against undesired movement in the axial direction. When the service person discovers the axle rotating in the carrier, it can take repair or repair measures. After the release of the rotation, the axis 10 is thus rotatably received in the carrier in a second life cycle of the deflection. Tests have shown that after some time the rotating shaft can wear out into the carrier 13 as a result of wear and a more or less vertically extending slot is formed in the carrier. Thanks to the special axle arrangement, however, an axial securing is guaranteed at all times, so that the axle can not fall out of the carrier or move away. The possibly resulting slot also allows for easy monitoring of the deflection unit.

Instead of in FIG. 4 shown by chamfering anti-rotation portion of the axle head could also have a projecting in the radial direction anti-rotation portion or a special shape in the peripheral region. For example, the in FIG. 4 be denoted by 16 plate body welded to the axle head. This anti-rotation means integrated with or in the axle head would have to be - analogous to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG FIG. 4 - Only be attached to the carrier with a screw.

For certain applications, the in FIG. 4 not shown special exemplified anti-rotation means required. Because it may be sufficient if the fitted in bearing mounts of the carrier axis is prevented due to the much higher friction between the axle and carrier, to rotate during normal operation in a cabin ride. The axis head of the embodiment according FIG. 4 could in this case a cylindrical outer shape without chamfering and the bearing unit would not have a securing member. After a bearing defect, the friction in or in the rolling bearings would be greater than that between the axle and the carrier, whereupon the axis in the Could turn carrier. Screw 17 and axis 24 lie on a surface normal of the anti-rotation portion

FIG. 5 shows the individual components of the axle assembly containing the axle 10 with the axle head 15 formed on the axle, the securing member 16 designed as a plate, the holding member 14 and the securing member 20. The axle 10 is evidently designed mushroom-shaped, the axle head 15 being the "mushroom umbrella". forms. The axle shaft 24 adjoining the axle head in the axial direction has a smaller diameter D1 than the diameter D2 of the axle head 15. The axle shaft 24 can be fitted in corresponding bearing receptacles of the carrier. Such a mushroom-shaped axis is inexpensive to produce. The axis can be easily made of a metallic material (eg steel) by machining processes (turning, milling, etc.).

Claims (16)

1. Lift installation with a cage (2), a counterweight (4) and a support means (5) for supporting the cage (2) and the counterweight (4), wherein the cage (2) and/or the counterweight (4) is or are respectively connected with the support means (5) by way of at least one deflecting unit (7, 8, 9), and wherein the at least one deflecting unit (7, 8, 9) comprises at least one deflecting roller (11) and axle (10), which is fastened to a support (13) and on which the at least one deflecting roller (11) is mounted to be freely rotatable, characterised in that the axle (10) is of mushroom-shaped form, wherein the mushroom-shaped axle (10) has an axle shank (24) and an axle head (15), which is formed at the axle shank for forming an abutment (13), that a retaining means (14) is provided on the side of the axle (10) opposite the axle head (15), whereby the support (13) is received between axle head (15) and retaining means (14), and that the axle head (15) and retaining means (14) allow rotation of the axle (10) with respect to the support (13).
2. Lift installation according to claim 1, characterised in that at least the axle head (15) and/or the retaining means (14) is or are, for rotationally secure mounting of the axle (10), fixed in a first life cycle by rotational securing means (16) to be secure against rotation.
3. Lift installation according to claim 2, characterised in that at least one deflecting unit (7, 8, 9) is so constructed that if a specific torque between deflecting roller (11) and axle (10) is exceeded the rotational securing means (16, 17) releases the associated retaining means (15) and the axle is, in a second life cycle, mounted in the support (13) to be rotatable.
4. Lift installation according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the rotational securing means (16, 17) is constructed as a frangible element.
5. Lift installation according to claim 4, characterised in that for formation of the rotational securing means the axle head (15) has a rotational securing section (21) which is preferably predefined by a planar surface and which is supported on a securing element (16) fastened to the support (13).
6. Lift installation according to claim 5, characterised in that the securing means (16) is a body which is preferably formed by a plate and which is fastened to the support (13) by way of at least one screw (17).
7. Lift installation according to claim 6, characterised in that the securing element (16) is secured to the support (13) by a single screw (17).
8. Lift installation according to claim 5 as well as 6 and 7, characterised in that the screw (17) is so aligned to be axially parallel to the axle (10) that the screw (17) and axle (10) lie on a surface normal of the rotational securing section (21).
9. Lift installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the retaining means (14) is formed by a separate component.
10. Lift installation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the retaining means is formed by a retaining part (14) surrounding the axle (10).
11. Lift installation according to claim 10, characterised in that the retaining means (14) is formed to be horseshoe-shaped or annular.
12. Lift installation according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that for rotationally secure retention of the retaining part (14) at the axle (10) the horseshoe-shaped retaining part (14) has planar flanks (18) and the axle (10) has mechanically positive coupling sections (19) formed to be complementary with the flanks.
13. Lift installation according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the axle (10) has a groove (22) for receiving the horseshoe-shaped retaining part (14).
14. Lift installation according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that for securing the retaining part (14) a securing part (20), which surrounds the axle (10) in radial direction and is connected with the retaining part (14) preferably by means of screws (23), is provided.
15. Lift installation according to claim 14, characterised in that the securing part (20) is formed to be annular.
16. Deflecting unit for a lift installation according to any one of claims 1 to 15, by way of which a cage (2) and/or a counterweight (4) is or are connectible with a support means (5) for supporting the cage (2) and the counterweight (4), wherein the deflecting unit (7, 8, 9) comprises at least one deflecting roller (11) and axle (10), which is fastened to a support (13) and on which the at least one deflecting roller (11) is mounted to be freely rotatable, characterised in that the axle (10) is of mushroom-shaped form, wherein the mushroom-shaped axle (10) has an axle shank (24) and an axle head (15), which is formed at the axle shank for forming an abutment (13), that a retaining means (14) is provided on the side of the axle (10) opposite the axle head (15), whereby the support (13) is received between axle head (15) and retaining means (14), and that the axle head (15) and retaining means (14) allow rotation of the axle (10) with respect to the support (13).

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