EP3362732B1 - Sealed and thermally insulating tank - Google Patents
Sealed and thermally insulating tank Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3362732B1 EP3362732B1 EP16791660.0A EP16791660A EP3362732B1 EP 3362732 B1 EP3362732 B1 EP 3362732B1 EP 16791660 A EP16791660 A EP 16791660A EP 3362732 B1 EP3362732 B1 EP 3362732B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- corrugations
- tank
- parallel
- insulating
- cover panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 144
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 144
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 47
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012508 resin bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
- F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
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- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
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- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/011—Improving strength
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes.
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquid at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of liquefied petroleum gas (also called LPG) having, for example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at about -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- the patent application FR-A-2781557 discloses a sealed and thermally insulating tank with a double waterproof membrane integrated in a supporting structure, in particular a ship.
- the two watertight membranes are separated from each other and from the supporting structure by two thermally insulating barriers.
- the secondary membrane is made by the juxtaposition of adjacent panels whose sealing is provided by flexible strips gas-tight and liquid and may comprise at least one thin deformable continuous metal sheet.
- the band which covers the junction zone between the two elements of the secondary membrane is free to deform elastically and / or to extend relative to the insulating blocks held on the walls of the bearing structure with a limited freedom of movement .
- a wall structure for producing the flat wall of a sealed double-diaphragm tank undergoes significant constraints in service, related to the different loadings of the tank, thermal contraction, movements of cargo, deformation of the carrier structure to the swell. These constraints are in particular transmitted by the thermally insulating barrier on which the secondary waterproof membrane is anchored. Because the thermally insulating barrier consists of discrete insulating panels of large dimensions, the stresses and displacements that are transmitted to the secondary waterproof membrane are not uniformly distributed, so that the corrugations of the secondary waterproof membrane are solicited in different ways. depending on whether they are near the edges of the panels or near the center. In addition, the flexibility of certain undulations is limited by anchoring the edges of the metal plates on the panels. This results in stress concentrations that can accelerate the aging of the sealed membrane. These problems would also exist if the primary membrane was removed.
- bridging elements disposed between the secondary insulating panels serve to improve the distribution of displacements by limiting the spacing movements of the edges of the panels. These bridging elements may respond to some extent to panel edge spreading movements but are limited, complex to install and have a relatively high installation cost.
- One idea underlying the invention is to provide a membrane wall structure that solves at least some of these disadvantages.
- the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a supporting structure, said tank having one or more tank walls carried by one or more load-bearing walls of the supporting structure, the or each tank wall comprising a thermally insulating barrier fixed to a respective supporting wall of the carrier structure and a waterproof membrane carried by said thermally insulating barrier, as defined by claim 1.
- the thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped insulating blocks juxtaposed in a regular rectangular mesh, each insulating block having a heat insulating lining and a cover panel facing towards the inside of the tank, an upper face of the cover panel opposite to the insulation with a piece or metal anchor.
- the waterproof membrane consists of a corrugated metal membrane having a first series of parallel corrugations and flat portions located between the parallel corrugations and resting on the upper face of the cover panels, the parallel corrugations being arranged parallel to a first direction of the parallelepiped insulating blocks and spaced a first wave pitch, the sealed membrane comprising for example a plurality of corrugated metal plates each welded to at least one piece or anchor strip of the thermally insulating barrier.
- the pitch of the rectangular grid in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is equal to twice the first wave pitch, so that the first series of corrugations comprises two undulations located at the right of each of the insulating blocks, and a portion plane of the waterproof membrane located between the two corrugations is arranged in line with an internal zone of the cover panel located at a distance from the edges of the cover panel parallel to the first direction, so that the two corrugations of the first series of corrugations are situated at the right a marginal area of the cover panel located between the inner area and the edges of the cover panel parallel to the first direction.
- the pitch of the rectangular mesh in each direction is substantially equal to one dimension of the insulating blocks in this direction, increased by a possible gap width between insulating blocks.
- This gap width may be substantially zero and remains in any case very small compared to the insulating block.
- each insulating block is arranged at least in the internal zone of the cover panel, the sealed membrane being fixed to the thermally insulating barrier by fixing said flat portions of the waterproof membrane to said anchoring pieces of a plurality of insulating blocks, only in the inner area of the cover panels.
- the waterproof membrane is thus attached to some or each of the insulating blocks by the anchors, but only in the inner area of the cover panels.
- each undulation of the first series is in a similar situation as to its freedom of deformation, since a first flat portion bordering the undulation is located on the side of the inner zone of the insulating block and fixed to the anchoring piece, while the second flat portion bordering the corrugation on the other side is located astride the marginal zone of the insulating block, on the marginal zone of the neighboring insulating block and the interface between the two insulating blocks, without being attached to any of the two insulating blocks.
- the planar portions of the sealed membrane are located alternately on the inner area of the cover panels and on the interfaces between insulating blocks and the adjacent marginal areas.
- any corrugation of the first series has a side fixed to the insulating barrier and a non-fixed side to the insulating barrier, but in sliding contact on the insulating barrier.
- This non-fixed side to the insulating barrier increases the freedom of deformation of the corrugations under the effect of thermal stresses and deformations of the carrier structure, in particular from the hull of a ship to the swell.
- the distribution of stresses and strains in the corrugated metal membrane is more balanced in service and the service life of the corrugated metal membrane is thus improved.
- such a tank may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
- the extent of the anchor may be larger or smaller, as long as the waterproof membrane is attached only to the inner area of the cover panel.
- the anchor piece is interrupted away from the edges of the cover panel and confined to the inner area of the cover panel, and the two corrugations of the first series of corrugations are located on the side and another of the anchoring piece of each of the insulating blocks.
- the marginal area of the cover panels is here between the anchor and the edges of the cover panel.
- an offset equal to substantially half of the first wave pitch is present between the corrugations parallel to the first direction and the edges of the insulating blocks parallel to the first direction. Thanks to these characteristics, the corrugations parallel to the first direction are arranged equidistantly interfaces, which better balance the forces on these corrugations, especially when these efforts result from a relative displacement of the underlying insulating blocks.
- the inner area of the cover panel designates an area that is remote from the edges of the cover panel, and which may be centered or off-center with respect to these edges.
- the anchor is arranged at the center of the cover panel and the two corrugations of the first set of corrugations are equidistant from the center of the cover panel.
- the corrugated metallic membrane can be made in one or more pieces, depending on the dimensions of the wall and the logistical constraints that result.
- the corrugated metal membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal plates of rectangular shape, each corrugated metal plate having two edges parallel to the first direction and two edges parallel to the second direction, the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the second direction being equal to an even integer multiple of the first wave pitch, and the two edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the first direction are substantially located in the planar portions of the corrugated metal plate between the corrugations parallel to the first direction and pass over the anchoring pieces of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
- each rectangular corrugated metal plate has a lap welded edge region with the edge region of the adjacent corrugated metal plates, the edge region of a corrugated metal plate located above each being welded to the edge region of an adjacent corrugated metal plate underneath, and, along the edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the first direction, the edge region of the corrugated metal plate underneath is welded to the anchoring pieces of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
- the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the second direction is twice the first wave pitch.
- the metal anchor can have different geometries.
- the anchor comprises a metal strip extending parallel to the first direction or the second direction. Thanks to these characteristics, the geometry of the anchor piece is well adapted to provide a relatively large bonding surface with the edge of a corrugated metal plate.
- the metal part or strip is interrupted at a distance from the edges of the cover panel and confined to the internal zone of the cover panel, two thermal protection strips being arranged on the cover panel in the extension of the part. or metal strip in the marginal area of the cover panel between the metal part or strip and the edges of the cover panel. Thanks to these features, the edge-to-edge weld of the corrugated metal plates can be entirely made to the right of the metal parts or strips and thermal protection strips, without subjecting the cover panel to excessive heating, which makes it possible to realize the panel of wooden cover or other material with low heat resistance.
- the metal part or strip may extend over the entire length of the cover panel, including in the marginal areas of the cover panel, as long as the waterproof membrane is attached to the metal part or strip only in the internal area of the lid panel.
- the ends of the metal part or strip located in the marginal areas are only another form of thermal protection of the cover panel.
- the anchor comprises a metal strip parallel to the first direction and a metal strip parallel to the second direction which form a cross in the inner area of the cover panel.
- first series of parallel corrugations can also be implemented, in the same way, with reference to a second series of parallel corrugations extending perpendicular to the first series of corrugations, to balance the forces and deformations in both directions of the plane.
- each parallelepipedic insulating block comprises a box in which is housed the heat insulating lining, said box having a bottom panel and side panels developing between said bottom panel and the cover panel.
- each parallelepipedic insulating block comprises a bottom panel and a cover panel with an interposed foam block forming said heat insulating lining.
- the undulations of the waterproof membrane can be formed in different ways.
- the corrugations project towards the interior of the vessel with respect to the flat portions, or the corrugations project towards the outside of the vessel with respect to the flat portions and are housed in grooves in the cover panels of the insulating blocks.
- the thermally insulating barrier of the first or second vessel wall comprises parallelepipedic insulating blocks running opposite a longitudinal face of edge blocks opposite the edge of the vessel, one face upper cover panel of each of the common parallelepiped insulating blocks having a recess vis-à-vis a recess of the upper face of the lid panel of the corresponding edge block, a connecting plate housed jointly in said recesses flush with the face level upper of said cover panels to form a continuous planar support surface for the sealed membrane of the first or second vessel wall.
- the spaces between each edge block of the first and / or second row and the adjacent parallelepiped insulating blocks and spaces between said edge blocks and the first support wall comprise an insulating heat-seal.
- the corrugated metal plates have a rectangular shape, each parallelepipedal insulating block comprising two secant anchoring strips, each anchoring strip developing parallel to a respective side of the corrugated metal plates fixed on said anchoring strips.
- the thermally insulating barrier is a secondary thermally insulating barrier and the waterproof membrane is a secondary waterproof membrane, the vessel wall further comprising a primary heat-insulating barrier disposed on the secondary waterproof membrane and a primary waterproof membrane carried by said primary heat-insulating barrier.
- the metal anchoring parts of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier carry primary retaining members, for example studs or threaded bushings, and the primary thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped insulating blocks juxtaposed anchored to the primary retainers.
- the secondary waterproof membrane has cutouts to project the primary retaining members above the secondary waterproof membrane, and edges of the cutouts of the secondary waterproof membrane are sealed welded to the parts of anchoring the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier around the primary retaining members.
- these cuts are made on the edges of the rectangular plates, but they can also be made in a flat portion located within a rectangular plate.
- Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example to store liquefied gas or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tanker, a LPG transport vessel, a floating unit storage and regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
- a LNG tanker for example to store liquefied gas
- LPG transport vessel for example to transport LNG
- FSRU floating unit storage and regasification
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a shell and a said tank disposed in the hull.
- the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- Such a carrier structure has a polyhedral geometry, for example of prismatic shape.
- longitudinal walls 1 of the supporting structure extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the ship and form a polygonal section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
- the longitudinal walls 1 meet in longitudinal edges 2, which form for example angles of the order of 135 ° in an octagonal geometry.
- the general structure of such polyhedral vats is for example described with regard to the figure 1 of the document FR-A-3008765 .
- the longitudinal walls 1 are interrupted in the longitudinal direction of the ship by transverse bearing walls 3 which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
- the longitudinal walls 1 and the transverse walls 3 meet at the edges 4 front and rear.
- each wall 1, 3 of the supporting structure carries a respective tank wall.
- each of the tank walls is composed of a single thermally insulating barrier carrying a single membrane that is tight in contact with a fluid stored in the tank, such as liquefied petroleum gas comprising butane and propane. propene or the like and having an equilibrium temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C.
- the adjective “upper” applied to an element of the vessel designates the portion of this element oriented towards the interior of the vessel and the adjective “inferior” designates the portion of this element oriented towards the outside of the vessel. regardless of the orientation of the vessel wall with respect to the earth's gravity field.
- the term “above” means a position closer to the inside of the tank and the term “below” a position closer to the supporting structure, regardless of the orientation of the wall of the tank. tank relative to the earth's gravity field.
- the figure 1 illustrates a tank angle at the front or rear edge 4 between one of the longitudinal walls 1 and one of the transverse walls 3 of the bearing structure respectively carrying a longitudinal vessel wall 5 and a transverse vessel wall 6
- the longitudinal vessel wall 5 and the vessel wall transverse 6 meet at an angle 7 of the vessel forming an angle of the order of 90 °. Since the longitudinal vessel wall 5 and the transverse vessel wall 6 have a similar structure, only the longitudinal vessel wall 5 is described hereinafter. The description of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 is correspondingly applied to the transverse vessel wall 6.
- the thermally insulating barrier of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 is constituted by a plurality of heat-insulating elements anchored on the entire longitudinal carrying wall 1. These heat-insulating elements together form a flat surface on which is anchored the sealed membrane of the tank wall. These heat-insulating elements more particularly comprise a plurality of heat-insulating elements 8 juxtaposed in a regular rectangular mesh.
- the thermally insulating barrier of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 also comprises a row of boundary heat-insulating elements 9 described below with respect to the figure 2 , along the edge 4.
- the heat-insulating elements 8, 9 are anchored to the supporting structure by any suitable means, for example by means of anchoring members 10 as described with reference to FIG. figure 3 .
- the heat-insulating elements 8, 9 rest on the longitudinal bearing wall by means of mastic cords (not shown) forming rectilinear or wavy parallel lines.
- An intermediate space 11 separates the heat insulating edge elements vis-à-vis the row of heat-insulating elements of the edge 9.
- the interspace 11 of two tank walls 5 and 6 forming an edge of the tank are aligned.
- the sealed membrane of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 consists of a plurality of metal plates 12 juxtaposed to each other with overlap. These metal plates 12 are preferably of rectangular shape. The metal plates 12 are welded together to seal the sealed membrane. Preferably, the metal plates 12 are made of stainless steel, for example with a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- the metal plates 12 comprise a plurality of wavy-shaped waves 13. the inside of the tank. More particularly, the sealed membrane of the longitudinal vessel wall 5 comprises a first series of corrugations 13 and a second series of corrugations 13 forming a regular rectangular pattern. As illustrated on the figure 1 , the first series of corrugations 13 is parallel to the edge 4 and the second series of corrugations 13 is perpendicular to the edge 4. Preferably, the corrugations 13 develop parallel to the edges of the rectangular metal plates. The distance between two successive corrugations 13 of a series of corrugations is for example of the order of 600 mm.
- angle metal plates 15 are welded disposed on the perpendicular edge heat insulating elements 9. These angle metal plates 15 comprise two flat portions 16 located in the planes of the sealed membrane of each tank wall 5 and 6 respectively.
- the figure 2 represents an exploded perspective view of a heat insulating element of border 9 of the figure 1 .
- the thermal insulating element 9 comprises a bottom panel 17, side panels 18 and a cover panel 19. All these panels 17, 18, 19 are of rectangular shape and delimit an internal space of the thermal insulating element. 9.
- the bottom panel 17 and the cover panel 19 develop parallel to each other and, as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , parallel to the supporting wall.
- the side panels 18 develop perpendicularly to the bottom panel 17.
- the side panels 18 connect the bottom panel 17 and the cover panel 19 over the entire periphery of the edge insulating member 9.
- Carrying struts 20 are arranged between the bottom panel 17 and the cover panel 19 in the inner space of the boundary insulating member 9. These carrier struts 20 develop parallel to longitudinal side panels 21.
- Transverse side panels 22 extending perpendicularly longitudinal side panels 21 have orifices 23.
- These through holes 23 are intended to allow the circulation of inert gas in the thermally insulating barrier.
- the panels and the supporting spacers are attached by any suitable means, for example screws, staples or points, and together form a box in which is disposed a heat-insulating lining 24.
- This heat-insulating lining 24 is preferably non-structural, for example pearlite. or glass wool.
- the bottom panel 17 has longitudinal flanges 25 protruding from the longitudinal side panels 21.
- the bottom panel 17 also has a transverse flange 26 protruding from one of the transverse side panels 22.
- Cleats 27 are carried flanges 25, 26 of the bottom panel 17.
- each end of the longitudinal flanges 25 carries a respective cleat 27 and a central portion of the transverse flange 26 carries a cleat 27.
- the cleat 27 carried by the transverse flange 26 develops over the entire width of the insulating edge element 9.
- the cover panel 19 has on an upper face opposite to the heat-insulating lining 24 a transverse recess 28.
- This transverse recess 28 is situated in line with the transverse side panel 22 from which the transverse flange 26 of the bottom panel 17 projects.
- transverse recess 28 has a notch 65 located at the right of the batten 27 carried by the transverse flange 26.
- Many methods can be used to make the cover panel 19. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 2 two plywood plates having different dimensions are superimposed to form the cover panel 19 having the transverse recess 28.
- the cover panel is formed by a plywood plate in which a counterbore is made to form the transverse step.
- the upper face of the cover panel 19 further includes a transverse counterbore 29 and a longitudinal counterbore 30.
- the transverse counterbore 29 develops in a direction parallel to the width of the cover panel 19 over the entire width of the cover panel 19.
- the transverse counterbore 29 is located near the transverse side of the cover panel 17 opposite the transverse flange 26.
- the longitudinal counterbore 30 develops in a direction parallel to the length of the cover panel 19 over the entire length of the cover panel 19.
- this longitudinal counterbore 30 is centered on the width of the cover panel 19.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 2 , the longitudinal counterbore 30 is located in the extension of the notch 65.
- a longitudinal anchoring strip 31 is housed in the longitudinal counterbore 30.
- This longitudinal anchoring strip 31 has a length less than the length of the cover panel 19.
- a thermal protection 54 (illustrated on the figure 3 ) is housed in the portion of the longitudinal counterbore 30 not comprising the longitudinal anchoring strip 31.
- transverse anchoring strip 32 is housed in the transverse counterbore 29 of the cover panel 19. However, this transverse anchoring strip 32 develops over the entire width of the cover panel 19. Each end of the cover strip 32 transverse anchor 32 has a tab 33. This tab 33 projects from a respective longitudinal side of the cover panel 19.
- each current insulating element 8 comprises on an upper face two perpendicular anchor strips 14 housed in respective countersinks and screwed or riveted to the cover panels.
- the anchor strips 14 are preferably arranged parallel to the corrugations 13.
- the anchor strips 14 develop on a central portion of the counterbores in which they are housed.
- Thermal protections 54 are housed in the ends of the countersinks.
- the metal plates 12, 15 of the sealed membrane are welded to the anchor strips 14, 31, 32 on which they rest.
- the thermal protections 54 prevent the degradation of the heat-insulating elements 8, 9 during the welding of the metal plates 12, 15 to each other along their edges.
- the thermal protections 54 are made of a heat-resistant material, for example a composite material based on glass fibers.
- the tab 33 has a spacing portion 34 extending from the cover panel 19 in the extension of the transverse counterbore 29.
- This tab further comprises a coupling portion 35 developing from an end of the spacer portion 34 opposite the cover panel 19.
- the coupling portion 35 develops towards the bottom panel 17.
- the coupling portion 35 has a slot 52 facing the transverse side of the cover panel 19 having the recess 65.
- the anchor strips 31, 32 are fixed on the cover panel 19 by any suitable means, for example by riveting.
- the attachment of the transverse anchoring strip 32 is made so as to have a play in a longitudinal direction of the cover panel 19, for example of the order of one to a few tenths of a millimeter.
- the orifices (not shown) of the cover panel 19 traversed by the fastening rivets of the transverse anchoring strip 32 have a longitudinal dimension greater than the thickness of the rivet.
- the transverse anchoring strip 32 is housed in the transverse counterbore 29 with a clearance. Such clearances allow the transmission of tensile forces generated in the longitudinal direction of the cover panel 19 by the sealed membrane welded onto the strips. anchoring 31, 32, without these efforts being substantially transmitted to the cover panel 19.
- the figure 3 is a detail view illustrating a longitudinal edge heat-insulating element 36 and a transverse edge heat-insulating member 37 belonging to the longitudinal vessel wall 5 and the transverse vessel wall 6.
- the longitudinal edge heat-insulating element 36 and the heat insulating element transverse edge 37 together form the angle structure 7.
- the transverse edge of the longitudinal edge heat-insulating element 36 does not have the recess 65 and the transverse edge of the transverse edge heat-insulating element 37 does not have the recess 65 are contiguous.
- the longitudinal edge heat-insulating element 36 having a structure similar to the structure of the transverse edge heat-insulating element 37, only the longitudinal edge element 36 illustrated in FIG. figure 3 is described below. The description of this longitudinal edge heat insulating element 36 applies by analogy to the transverse edge heat-insulating element 37.
- the anchoring members 10 illustrated on the figure 3 each comprise a stud 38 welded to the longitudinal bearing wall 1.
- Each stud 38 is developed perpendicularly to the longitudinal bearing wall 1.
- One end of the studs opposite to the longitudinal bearing wall 1 comprises a thread.
- a square support plate 39 has a central orifice (not illustrated) through which the stud 38 passes.
- a nut 40 is mounted on the threaded end of the stud 38.
- the support plate 39 of each stud 38 is thus maintained. supported by said nut 40 against an upper face of a respective cleat 27 carried by a flange 25, 26 Corresponding bottom panel 17.
- the support plate rests directly on the edge of the bottom panel of the heat insulating element.
- each current heat-insulating element 8 is also arranged at the corners of each current heat-insulating element 8.
- the side walls of each current heat-insulating element 8 comprise a flange.
- a batten 27 is disposed on each end of said flange.
- Each batten 27 of the heat insulating elements 8 cooperates with a respective anchoring member 10, the same bearing member 10 cooperating with the cleats 27 of a plurality of adjacent heat insulating elements 8.
- the angles of the adjacent heat insulating elements 8 comprise a clearance jointly forming a chimney in line with a corresponding fixing member 10.
- This chimney makes it possible to screw the nut 40 onto the bolt of the fastening member 10.
- This chimney is filled with a heat-insulating lining 41 and covered with a shutter plate 42 so as to form a flat surface with the panels of lids of the heat-insulating elements.
- each current insulating element 8 has a width, taken parallel to the edge 4, twice the width of the heat-insulating edge elements 9.
- the current heat-insulating elements 8 and the heat-insulating elements of the edges 9 are arranged so that the corners two adjacent heat insulating elements 8 are located at the mid-width of a thermal insulating element 9, at the right of the transverse flange 26 of a respective insulating element 9 edge.
- the anchoring member 10 associated with said corners of the current heat-insulating elements 8 thus co-operates with both the cleats 27 of said current heat-insulating elements 8 and with the cleat 27 carried by the transverse flange 26.
- the notch 65 of the heat-insulating element edge 9 allows the passage of the tooling required to screw the nut of said anchor member 10.
- the current heat insulating elements and the heat insulating elements of borders have the same width but are offset with respect to each other along a direction parallel to the edge.
- the corners of two adjacent heat insulating elements are located mid-width of a heat insulating edge element and the right of the transverse edge of said insulating edge element.
- the current heat insulating elements 8 situated opposite the edge insulating elements 9 comprise a recess similar to the recess 28 of said insulating edge element 9 opposite said step 28 of the edge insulating element.
- Cover strips 53 are housed jointly in the recesses of the current heat-insulating elements 8 and the heat-insulating edge elements 9 facing each other in order to cover a space between said heat-insulating elements 8 and 9. This space is filled with gasket insulation such as glass wool.
- Such cover strips are flush with the top face of the cover panels of the heat insulating elements 8 and 9 to provide a continuous flat surface to the waterproof membrane.
- cover strips 53 make it possible to catch up with constructional games that may appear during construction of the tank.
- the spaces 55 located between the heat insulating elements 9 and the supporting walls 1 and 3 vis-à-vis are advantageously filled with heat insulating material such as glass wool.
- the figure 4 is a schematic top view of a vessel wall at an edge according to an alternative embodiment.
- the same reference numbers are used for elements with the same structure and / or function.
- the heat-insulating elements of edge 9 have a width close to the width of the current heat-insulating elements 8.
- the width of the current heat-insulating elements 8 is, for example, about 1200 mm and the width of the heat-insulating elements of edge 9 of the order of 1160 mm.
- the corrugations (not shown) of the metal plates (not shown) are not placed in line with the spacer spaces 111 but on the cover panels 19 of the heat-insulating elements of the edge 9.
- the metal plates (not illustrated ) are welded on the anchoring strips 32 in a discontinuous manner and only at a central portion 56 of the anchoring strip 32.
- the heat-insulating elements of edge 9 are centered on the current heat-insulating elements 8.
- the anchor strips 14 and 31 are arranged coaxially in a direction perpendicular to the edge.
- the figure 5 represents a tank ridge between two walls of longitudinal tanks 5 forming an angle of the order of 135 °.
- Such a tank ridge has a structure similar to the tubular angle structure 7 forming an angle of 90 ° as described with reference to FIGS. Figures 1 to 3 .
- the same reference numbers are used for elements with the same structure and / or function.
- the plane wall is made in a periodic pattern in both directions of the plane, which pattern can be repeated over more or less large areas depending on the dimensions of the surfaces to be covered. Therefore, the number of heat insulating elements 8 shown in the figures is not limiting can be modified in one direction or the other depending on the needs arising from the geometry of the carrier structure. In addition, on a large flat wall, there may exist locally or singular areas where the mesh must be modified to bypass an obstacle or accommodate a particular equipment.
- the thermally insulating barrier consists essentially of the current heat-insulating elements 8 juxtaposed according to the regular rectangular grid.
- a sample of this mesh comprising two rows of four current heat insulating elements 8 each is shown on the figure 6 for illustrative purposes.
- the edges of the current heat-insulating elements 8 as well as the edges of the metal plates 12 are parallel to the two directions defined by the corrugations 13. Because the wave pitch of the sealed membrane is the same in the two directions defined by the corrugations 13 the current heat-insulating elements 8 have a square contour shape. Indeed, the size of the current heat insulating elements 8 is equal to twice the wave pitch in each of the two directions. The outline would be rectangular if the wave steps were different in both directions.
- each current insulating element 8 At the center of the cover panel of each current insulating element 8 are the two anchoring strips 14 arranged in the form of a cross and whose branches are also parallel to the two directions defined by the corrugations 13, so as to correspond to the edges of the metal plates. 12.
- each corrugation 13 is disposed between a flat portion 101 which is not fixed to the thermally insulating barrier and which spans an interface 103 between the current heat insulating elements 8 and at most a portion plane 102 which is attached to the thermally insulating barrier by welding on the anchor strips 14.
- each of the corrugations 13 is disposed between, on one side, planar portions which are attached to the thermally insulating barrier at a ratio of one wave at two (ie the portions 102) and, on the other side, flat portions 101 which are free to slide on the current heat insulating elements 8.
- This property can be maintained on a portion of or the entire length of the tank wall and / or a portion of or the entire width of the tank wall. repeating the pattern. This results in a balancing of the deformations transmitted to the various undulations 13.
- the figure 8 shows that the general structure of the current insulating element 8 is, apart from the dimensional differences and the anchoring strips 14, very similar to that of the thermal insulating element 9.
- the current insulating element 8 thus comprises a panel of bottom 117, two longitudinal side panels 121, two transverse side panels 122 and a cover panel 119. All these panels are rectangular in shape and delimit an internal space of the heat insulating element.
- the bottom panel 117 and the cover panel 119 develop parallel to one another and parallel to the supporting wall.
- the side panels 121, 122 extend perpendicular to the bottom panel 117 and connect the bottom panel 17 and the cover panel 119 over the entire periphery of the heat insulating member.
- Carrier spacers not shown are disposed between the bottom panel 117 and the cover panel 119 in the inner space of the heat insulating element, parallel to the longitudinal side panels 121.
- the transverse side panels 122 developing perpendicularly to the panels of FIG. longitudinal side 121 have orifices through 123. These through holes 23 are intended to allow the circulation of inert gas in the thermally insulating barrier.
- the panels and load-bearing spacers are attached by any suitable means, for example screws, staples or points, and together form a box in which is disposed a not shown heat seal.
- This heat-insulating lining is preferably non-structural, for example pearlite or glass wool or low-density polymer foam, for example of the order of 10 to 30 kg / m -3 .
- the bottom panel 117 has longitudinal flanges 125 protruding from the longitudinal side panels 121 and transverse flanges 126 projecting from the transverse side panels 122. Cleats 127 are carried by the longitudinal flanges 125 at the corners of the wall. current heat-insulating element 8 to cooperate with the anchoring members 10.
- the figure 8 also shows the cords of mastic 60 on which a heat insulating element 8.
- These mastic cords 60 are preferably non-adhesive in order to allow a sliding play of the current heat-insulating element 8 with respect to the load-bearing wall.
- the anchoring of the current heat-insulating elements 8 to the load-bearing wall is carried out each time by means of four anchoring members 10 arranged at the four corners, in which an anchoring member 10 cooperates each time with four common heat-insulating elements. 8 adjacent.
- the dimensions of the current insulating element 8 are: thickness 220mm, width 1200mm, length 1200mm, for a wave pitch of 600mm in both directions.
- the width of the gap between the current heat insulating elements 8 is here negligible.
- the wave pitch is here defined as the distance between the vertex edges of two parallel and adjacent corrugations 13.
- the thickness can be varied according to the requirement in terms of thermal performance of the tank.
- the wave pitch can be modified according to the requirement in terms of flexibility of the sealed membrane, which involves modifying the size of the current heat insulating element 8 correspondingly.
- the single metal plate 12 shown has dimensions of two waves per six wave steps.
- the metal plates 12 forming the sealed membrane may, however, be dimensioned in different ways, provided that they correspond to an even integer number of the wave pitch in each of the two directions of the plane.
- the corners of the plates and the edges of the metal plates 12 are all located at the right of the strips anchoring 14 common heat-insulating elements 8 which support the metal plate 12.
- the dimension of the metal plate 12 is equal to two wave steps in at least one direction of the plane, so that it suffices to realize welds on the anchor strips 14 located along the contour of the metal plate 12 to obtain the desired anchoring, ensuring that one and only one edge of each corrugation is attached to the insulating barrier.
- the waterproof membrane with metal plates 12 larger than two wave steps in the two directions of the plane, provided that additional welds of the flat portions located at a distance from the edges of the metal plate are made on the anchoring strips 14 underlying,
- the figure 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the anchoring member 10.
- the threaded stud 38 is not directly welded to the carrier wall. It is instead screwed into a split nut 61 housed in a hollow base 62.
- the hollow base 62 containing the split nut 61 has been previously welded to the carrier wall.
- the figure 9 also shows a stack of Belleville washers inserted between the support plate 39 and the nut 40.
- a shim 63 is placed on the carrier wall around the hollow base 62 to receive the corners of the four adjacent heat insulating elements 8 which will rest thereon. Thickness shims 63 and caulk beads 60 serve to make up for the flatness defects of the load-bearing wall and thus to provide a planar upper surface for resting the current heat-insulating elements 8.
- a positioning shim 64 projecting above the shim 63 is mounted in the central opening of the shim 63, around the hollow base 62.
- the positioning shims 64 serve as the stopper for positioning the corners of the current heat insulating elements 8.
- the longitudinal flange 125 is exactly the length of the longitudinal side panel 121 and the transverse flange 126 is exactly the length of the transverse side panel 122, so that the surfaces of vertical end of the longitudinal flange 125 and the transverse flange 126 at the corner form two orthogonal surfaces that can come into contact with two corresponding faces of the positioning wedge 64, the periphery of which is octagonal.
- each corrugated metal plate 12 has a thickness offset in a raised edge area 66 along two out of four edges, the other two edges being flat.
- the raised edging area 66 serves to cover the flat edging area of an adjacent metal plate 12 and will eventually be welded thereto continuously to provide a tight connection between the two metal plates 12.
- the raised edging area 66 is obtained by a folding operation also called joglinage.
- the technique described above for producing a tank with a single sealed membrane can also be used in different types of tanks, for example to form a double membrane tank for liquefied natural gas (LNG) in a land installation or in a floating structure like a LNG carrier or other.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- the waterproof membrane illustrated in the previous figures is a secondary waterproof membrane, and a primary insulating barrier and a primary waterproof membrane, not shown, must be added to this secondary waterproof membrane. In this way, this technique can also be applied to tanks having a plurality of thermally insulating barrier and superimposed waterproof membranes.
- a second embodiment of the flat wall of the tank, more particularly adapted to a double-diaphragm tank, will now be described with reference to the Figures 10 to 12 .
- Each wall of the tank comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 comprising insulating blocks 202 juxtaposed and fixed to the supporting structure 203, a secondary waterproof membrane 204 carried by the blocks insulators 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201, a primary thermal insulation barrier 205 comprising insulating blocks 206 juxtaposed and anchored to the insulating blocks 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 by primary retaining members and a membrane primary watertight 207, carried by the insulation blocks 206 of the barrier primary thermal insulation 205 and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
- the supporting structure 203 may in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
- the support structure 203 may in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
- the supporting structure 203 has a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the vessel, usually a polyhedral shape.
- the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 comprises a plurality of insulating blocks 202 bonded to the carrier structure 203 by means of adhesive resin cords, not shown.
- the resin beads must be sufficiently adhesive to insure alone the anchoring of the insulating blocks 202.
- the insulating blocks 202 may be anchored by means of the aforementioned anchoring members 10 or similar mechanical devices.
- the insulating blocks 2 have substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the insulating blocks 202 each comprise an insulating polymeric foam layer 209 sandwiched between an inner rigid plate 210, which constitutes a cover panel and an outer rigid plate 211, which constitutes a bottom panel.
- the rigid plates, internal 210 and external 211 are, for example, plywood plates bonded to said layer of insulating polymer foam 209.
- the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane-based foam.
- the polymeric foam is advantageously reinforced by glass fibers contributing to reducing its thermal contraction.
- the insulating blocks 202 are juxtaposed in parallel rows and separated from each other by interstices 212 guaranteeing a functional assembly game.
- the interstices 212 are filled with a heat-insulating lining, not shown, such as glass wool, rock wool or flexible synthetic foam with open cells for example.
- the heat-insulating liner is advantageously made of a porous material so as to provide gas flow spaces in the interstices 212 between the insulating blocks 202. Such gas flow spaces are advantageously used in order to allow a circulation of inert gas.
- the interstices 212 have, for example, a width of the order of 30 mm.
- the inner plate 210 has two series of two grooves 214 and 215, perpendicular to each other, so as to form a network of grooves.
- Each of the series of grooves 214 and 215 is parallel to two opposite sides of the insulating blocks 202.
- the grooves 214 and 215 are intended for the reception of corrugations, projecting towards the outside of the tank, formed on the metal sheets of the secondary sealing barrier 204.
- the inner plate 210 has two grooves 214 extending in one direction of the insulating block 202 and two grooves 215 extending in the other direction of the insulating block 202, the dimensions of which are, as in the first embodiment, equal to two wave steps by two wave steps.
- the grooves 214 and 215 completely traverse the thickness of the inner plate 210 and thus open at the level of the insulating polymer foam layer 209.
- the insulating blocks 202 comprise in the zones of intersection between the grooves 214 and 215, clearance openings 216 formed in the layer of insulating polymer foam 209.
- the clearance orifices 216 allow the housing of the node zones formed at the intersections between the corrugations of the metal sheets of the secondary sealing barrier 204. These node zones present a top protruding outwardly of the vessel.
- the inner plate 210 is equipped with metal plates 217 and 218 for anchoring the edge of the corrugated metal sheets of the secondary waterproof membrane 204 on the insulating blocks 202.
- the metal plates 217 and 218 are located in the central square zone of the internal plate 210 defined between the grooves 214 and 215 formed in the inner plate 210.
- the central metal plate 217 has a square shape and is located in the center of the inner plate 210, while the two or four elongated plates 218 are disposed around the central metal platen 217 in the form of one or two fully traversing strips the central square zone of the inner plate 210.
- thermal protection strips 54 are arranged in the extension of the elongated plates 218 The structure and function of the thermal protection strips 54 have been described above.
- the figure 10 thus shows two types of insulating blocks 202.
- all the insulating blocks 202 could carry the four elongate plates 218, as a standard manufacturing measure.
- the metal plates 217 and 218 are fixed on the inner plate 210 of the insulating block 202, by screws, rivets, staples, by gluing or combination of several of these means, for example.
- the metal plates 217 and 218 are placed in recesses formed in the inner plate 210 so that the inner surface of the metal plates 217 and 218 is flush with the inner surface of the inner plate 210.
- the inner plate 210 is also equipped with threaded metal studs 219 projecting towards the inside of the tank, and intended to ensure the fixing of the primary thermal insulation barrier 205 on the insulating blocks 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201.
- the studs 219 pass through orifices formed in the metal plates 17.
- the secondary sealing barrier comprises a plurality of corrugated metal plates 224 each having a substantially rectangular shape.
- the corrugated metal plates 224 are arranged offset from the insulating panels 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 such that each of said corrugated metal plates 224 extends together over at least four adjacent insulating panels 202.
- Each corrugated metal plate 224 has a first series of parallel corrugations 13 extending in a first direction and a second series of parallel corrugations 13 extending in a second direction.
- the directions of the series of corrugations 13 are perpendicular.
- Each of the series of corrugations 13 is parallel to two opposite edges of the corrugated metal plate 224.
- the corrugations 13 here protrude towards the outside of the vessel, that is to say in the direction of the supporting structure 203.
- the Corrugated metal plate 224 has between the corrugations 13 a plurality of planar portions.
- the metal sheet has a node area 227.
- the node area 227 has a central portion having an apex projecting outwardly of the vessel.
- the corrugations 13 of the first series and the second series have identical heights. As in the first embodiment, it is however possible to provide that the corrugations 13 of the first series have a height greater than the corrugations 13 of the second series or vice versa.
- the undulations 13 of the corrugated metal plates 224 are housed in the grooves 214 and 215 formed in the inner plate 210 of the insulating panels 202.
- the adjacent corrugated metal plates 224 are welded together, with a covering at the level of the raised edge zone. 66 previously described.
- the anchoring of the corrugated metal plates 224 on the metal plates 217 and 218 is achieved by pointing welds.
- the corrugated metal plates 224 comprise, along their longitudinal edges and at their four corners, cutouts 228 allowing the passage of the studs 219 intended to ensure the fixing of the primary thermal insulation barrier 205 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier. 201.
- the corrugated metal plates 224 are, for example, made of Invar®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1.2 ⁇ 10 -6 and 2 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1. , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7.10 -6 K -1 .
- the corrugated metal plates 224 can also be made of stainless steel or aluminum.
- the lengths and widths of the corrugated metal plates 224 are sized like the metal plates 12 of the first embodiment for the same reasons.
- the single metal plate 224 shown has dimensions of two waves per six wave steps.
- the metal plate 224 thus has an alternation of flat portions 101 not fixed and flat portions 102 fixed, as described above.
- the sealed membrane 204 is made with metal plates 224 larger than two wave steps in the two directions of the plane, it is necessary to make additional openings in the flat portions situated at a distance from the edges of the metal plate 224 to allow the passage of the studs 219, and to achieve sealed welds of the edges of these openings on the underlying metal plates 217.
- the dimensions of the insulating block 202 are: width 990mm, length 990mm, for a wave pitch of 510mm in both directions and a gap of 30mm between the insulating blocks.
- the wave pitch can be modified according to the requirement in terms of flexibility of the sealed membrane, which involves modifying the size of the insulating block 202 correspondingly.
- the primary thermal insulation barrier 205 here comprises a plurality of insulating panels 206 of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the insulating panels 206 are offset with respect to the insulating blocks 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201 so that each insulating panel 206 extends over here eight insulating blocks 202 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 201.
- details on the realization of the primary thermal insulation barrier 205 and the primary waterproof membrane 207 can be found in the publication WO-2016046487 .
- one of the two series of corrugations of the sealed membrane can be omitted, for example for applications where the flexibility of the membrane is desired only in one direction of the plane.
- the dimensional symmetries of the vessel wall described above are only needed in one direction of the plane and the sizing that referred to the wave pitch of the corrugation series that has now been removed becomes sure superfluous, or at least optional.
- a cutaway view of a LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
- the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
- the vessel comprises a single hull.
- loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal for transferring a cargo of liquefied gas from or to the tank 71.
- the figure 13 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
- the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
- the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges LNG carriers.
- a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
- the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the installation on land 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which keeps the LNG tanker 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
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Description
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes, à membranes. En particulier, l'invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes pour le stockage et/ou le transport de liquide à basse température, telles que des cuves pour le transport de Gaz de Pétrole Liquéfié (aussi appelé GPL) présentant par exemple une température comprise entre -50°C et 0°C, ou pour le transport de Gaz Naturel Liquéfié (GNL) à environ -162°C à pression atmosphérique. Ces cuves peuvent être installées à terre ou sur un ouvrage flottant. Dans le cas d'un ouvrage flottant, la cuve peut être destinée au transport de gaz liquéfié ou à recevoir du gaz liquéfié servant de carburant pour la propulsion de l'ouvrage flottant.The invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks with membranes. In particular, the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for the storage and / or transport of liquid at low temperature, such as tanks for the transport of liquefied petroleum gas (also called LPG) having, for example a temperature between -50 ° C and 0 ° C, or for the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at about -162 ° C at atmospheric pressure. These tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied gas or to receive liquefied gas used as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
La demande de brevet
On a décrit, par exemple dans
Dans
Une idée à la base de l'invention est de fournir une structure de paroi de cuve à membrane résolvant au moins certains de ces inconvénients.One idea underlying the invention is to provide a membrane wall structure that solves at least some of these disadvantages.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante intégrée dans une structure porteuse, ladite cuve comportant une ou plusieurs parois de cuve portées par une ou plusieurs parois porteuses de la structure porteuse, la ou chaque paroi de cuve comportant une barrière thermiquement isolante fixée sur une paroi porteuse respective de la structure porteuse et une membrane étanche portée par ladite barrière thermiquement isolante, ainsi que définie par la revendication 1.According to one embodiment, the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank integrated in a supporting structure, said tank having one or more tank walls carried by one or more load-bearing walls of the supporting structure, the or each tank wall comprising a thermally insulating barrier fixed to a respective supporting wall of the carrier structure and a waterproof membrane carried by said thermally insulating barrier, as defined by
La barrière thermiquement isolante comporte une pluralité de blocs isolants parallélépipédiques rectangles juxtaposés selon un maillage rectangulaire régulier, chaque bloc isolant comportant une garniture calorifuge et un panneau de couvercle tourné vers l'intérieur de la cuve, une face supérieure du panneau de couvercle opposée à la garniture calorifuge portant une pièce ou bande d'ancrage métallique.The thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped insulating blocks juxtaposed in a regular rectangular mesh, each insulating block having a heat insulating lining and a cover panel facing towards the inside of the tank, an upper face of the cover panel opposite to the insulation with a piece or metal anchor.
La membrane étanche est constituée d'une membrane métallique ondulée comportant une première série d'ondulations parallèles et des portions planes situées entre les ondulations parallèles et reposant sur la face supérieure des panneaux de couvercle, les ondulations parallèles étant agencées parallèlement à une première direction des blocs isolants parallélépipédiques et espacées d'un premier pas d'onde, la membrane étanche comportant par exemple une pluralité de plaques métalliques ondulées soudées chacune sur au moins une pièce ou bande d'ancrage de la barrière thermiquement isolante.The waterproof membrane consists of a corrugated metal membrane having a first series of parallel corrugations and flat portions located between the parallel corrugations and resting on the upper face of the cover panels, the parallel corrugations being arranged parallel to a first direction of the parallelepiped insulating blocks and spaced a first wave pitch, the sealed membrane comprising for example a plurality of corrugated metal plates each welded to at least one piece or anchor strip of the thermally insulating barrier.
Le pas du maillage rectangulaire selon une deuxième direction perpendiculaire à la première direction est égal à deux fois le premier pas d'onde, de sorte que la première série d'ondulations comporte deux ondulations situées au droit de chacun des blocs isolants, et une portion plane de la membrane étanche située entre les deux ondulations est agencée au droit d'une zone interne du panneau de couvercle située à distance des bords du panneau de couvercle parallèles à la première direction, de sorte que les deux ondulations de la première série d'ondulations sont situées au droit d'une zone marginale du panneau de couvercle située entre la zone interne et les bords du panneau de couvercle parallèles à la première direction.The pitch of the rectangular grid in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is equal to twice the first wave pitch, so that the first series of corrugations comprises two undulations located at the right of each of the insulating blocks, and a portion plane of the waterproof membrane located between the two corrugations is arranged in line with an internal zone of the cover panel located at a distance from the edges of the cover panel parallel to the first direction, so that the two corrugations of the first series of corrugations are situated at the right a marginal area of the cover panel located between the inner area and the edges of the cover panel parallel to the first direction.
Le pas du maillage rectangulaire dans chaque direction est sensiblement égal à une dimension des blocs isolants dans cette direction, augmentée d'une éventuelle largeur d'interstice entre blocs isolants. Cette largeur d'interstice peut être sensiblement nulle et reste en tout cas de très petite taille par rapport au bloc isolant.The pitch of the rectangular mesh in each direction is substantially equal to one dimension of the insulating blocks in this direction, increased by a possible gap width between insulating blocks. This gap width may be substantially zero and remains in any case very small compared to the insulating block.
La pièce d'ancrage métallique de chaque bloc isolant est agencée au moins dans la zone interne du panneau de couvercle, la membrane étanche étant fixée à la barrière thermiquement isolante par fixation desdites portions planes de la membrane étanche auxdites pièces d'ancrage d'une pluralité des blocs isolants, seulement dans la zone interne des panneaux de couvercle.The metal anchor part of each insulating block is arranged at least in the internal zone of the cover panel, the sealed membrane being fixed to the thermally insulating barrier by fixing said flat portions of the waterproof membrane to said anchoring pieces of a plurality of insulating blocks, only in the inner area of the cover panels.
La membrane étanche est ainsi fixée à certains des ou à chacun des blocs isolants par les pièces d'ancrage, mais seulement dans la zone interne des panneaux de couvercle.The waterproof membrane is thus attached to some or each of the insulating blocks by the anchors, but only in the inner area of the cover panels.
Grâce à ces caractéristiques, chaque ondulation de la première série, ou du moins une grande proportion des ondulations de la première série, se trouve dans une situation similaire quant à sa liberté de déformation, étant donné qu'une première portion plane bordant l'ondulation se trouve située du côté de la zone interne du bloc isolant et fixée à la pièce d'ancrage, alors que la deuxième portion plane bordant l'ondulation de l'autre côté se trouve située à cheval sur la zone marginale du bloc isolant, sur la zone marginale du bloc isolant voisin et sur l'interface entre les deux blocs isolants, sans être fixée à aucun des deux blocs isolants. En d'autres termes, les portions planes de la membrane étanche sont situées alternativement sur la zone interne des panneaux de couvercle et sur les interfaces entre blocs isolants et les zones marginales adjacentes. Il résulte de cet agencement une membrane métallique ondulée et étanche dans laquelle toute ondulation de la première série présente un côté fixé à la barrière isolante et un côté non-fixé à la barrière isolante, mais en contact glissant sur la barrière isolante. Ce côté non-fixé à la barrière isolante augmente la liberté de déformation des ondulations sous l'effet des contraintes thermique et des déformations de la structure porteuse, notamment de la coque d'un navire à la houle. De ce fait, la distribution des contraintes et des déformations dans la membrane métallique ondulée se trouve plus équilibrée en service et la durée de vie de la membrane métallique ondulée se trouve ainsi améliorée.Thanks to these characteristics, each undulation of the first series, or at least a large proportion of the undulations of the first series, is in a similar situation as to its freedom of deformation, since a first flat portion bordering the undulation is located on the side of the inner zone of the insulating block and fixed to the anchoring piece, while the second flat portion bordering the corrugation on the other side is located astride the marginal zone of the insulating block, on the marginal zone of the neighboring insulating block and the interface between the two insulating blocks, without being attached to any of the two insulating blocks. In other words, the planar portions of the sealed membrane are located alternately on the inner area of the cover panels and on the interfaces between insulating blocks and the adjacent marginal areas. The result of this arrangement is a corrugated and sealed metal membrane in which any corrugation of the first series has a side fixed to the insulating barrier and a non-fixed side to the insulating barrier, but in sliding contact on the insulating barrier. This non-fixed side to the insulating barrier increases the freedom of deformation of the corrugations under the effect of thermal stresses and deformations of the carrier structure, in particular from the hull of a ship to the swell. As a result, the distribution of stresses and strains in the corrugated metal membrane is more balanced in service and the service life of the corrugated metal membrane is thus improved.
Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle cuve peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.According to embodiments, such a tank may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
L'étendue de la pièce d'ancrage peut être plus ou moins grande, du moment que la membrane étanche n'est fixée qu'à la zone interne du panneau de couvercle. Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce d'ancrage est interrompue à distance des bords du panneau de couvercle et confinée à la zone interne du panneau de couvercle, et les deux ondulations de la première série d'ondulations sont situées de part et d'autre de la pièce d'ancrage de chacun des blocs isolants. En d'autres termes, la zone marginale des panneaux de couvercle est ici située entre la pièce d'ancrage et les bords du panneau de couvercle. Cet agencement permet de réaliser une économie de matière dans la pièce d'ancrage ou bande d'ancrage métalliqueThe extent of the anchor may be larger or smaller, as long as the waterproof membrane is attached only to the inner area of the cover panel. According to one embodiment, the anchor piece is interrupted away from the edges of the cover panel and confined to the inner area of the cover panel, and the two corrugations of the first series of corrugations are located on the side and another of the anchoring piece of each of the insulating blocks. In other words, the marginal area of the cover panels is here between the anchor and the edges of the cover panel. This arrangement makes it possible to save material in the anchor piece or metal anchor strip
Selon un mode de réalisation, un décalage égal à sensiblement la moitié du premier pas d'onde est présent entre les ondulations parallèles à la première direction et les bords des blocs isolants parallèles à la première direction. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, les ondulations parallèles à la première direction sont disposées de manière équidistante des interfaces, ce qui équilibre encore mieux les efforts sur ces ondulations, notamment lorsque ces efforts résultent d'un déplacement relatif des blocs isolants sous-jacents.According to one embodiment, an offset equal to substantially half of the first wave pitch is present between the corrugations parallel to the first direction and the edges of the insulating blocks parallel to the first direction. Thanks to these characteristics, the corrugations parallel to the first direction are arranged equidistantly interfaces, which better balance the forces on these corrugations, especially when these efforts result from a relative displacement of the underlying insulating blocks.
La zone interne du panneau de couvercle désigne une zone qui se trouve à distance des bords du panneau de couvercle, et qui peut être centrée ou décentrée par rapport à ces bords. Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce d'ancrage est agencée au centre du panneau de couvercle et les deux ondulations de la première série d'ondulations sont situées à égale distance du centre du panneau de couvercle.The inner area of the cover panel designates an area that is remote from the edges of the cover panel, and which may be centered or off-center with respect to these edges. According to one embodiment, the anchor is arranged at the center of the cover panel and the two corrugations of the first set of corrugations are equidistant from the center of the cover panel.
La membrane métallique ondulée peut être réalisée en un ou plusieurs morceaux, selon les dimensions de la paroi et les contraintes logistiques qui en résultent. De préférence, la membrane métallique ondulée comporte une pluralité de plaques métalliques ondulées de forme rectangulaire, chaque plaque métallique ondulée comportant deux bords parallèles à la première direction et deux bords parallèles à la deuxième direction,
la dimension d'une plaque métallique ondulée dans la deuxième direction étant égale à un multiple entier pair du premier pas d'onde,
et les deux bords de la plaque métallique ondulée parallèles à la première direction sont essentiellement situés dans les portions planes de la plaque métallique ondulée entre les ondulations parallèles à la première direction et passent sur les pièces d'ancrage des blocs isolants dans la zone interne des panneaux de couvercle.The corrugated metallic membrane can be made in one or more pieces, depending on the dimensions of the wall and the logistical constraints that result. Preferably, the corrugated metal membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal plates of rectangular shape, each corrugated metal plate having two edges parallel to the first direction and two edges parallel to the second direction,
the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the second direction being equal to an even integer multiple of the first wave pitch,
and the two edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the first direction are substantially located in the planar portions of the corrugated metal plate between the corrugations parallel to the first direction and pass over the anchoring pieces of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
Grâce à ces caractéristiques, il est possible de fixer la membrane étanche aux pièces d'ancrage au niveau des bords des plaques, ce qui facilite l'assemblage.With these features, it is possible to attach the waterproof membrane to the anchors at the edges of the plates, which facilitates assembly.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque plaque métallique ondulée de forme rectangulaire présente une zone de bordure soudée à recouvrement avec la zone de bordure des plaques métalliques ondulées adjacentes, la zone de bordure d'une plaque métallique ondulée située au-dessus étant à chaque fois soudée sur la zone de bordure d'une plaque métallique ondulée adjacente située en dessous,
et, le long des bords de la plaque métallique ondulée parallèles à la première direction, la zone de bordure de la plaque métallique ondulée située en dessous est soudée sur les pièces d'ancrage des blocs isolants dans la zone interne des panneaux de couvercle.According to one embodiment, each rectangular corrugated metal plate has a lap welded edge region with the edge region of the adjacent corrugated metal plates, the edge region of a corrugated metal plate located above each being welded to the edge region of an adjacent corrugated metal plate underneath,
and, along the edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the first direction, the edge region of the corrugated metal plate underneath is welded to the anchoring pieces of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la dimension d'une plaque métallique ondulée dans la deuxième direction est égale à deux fois le premier pas d'onde. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, une portion plane sur deux de la membrane étanche contient le bord d'une plaque rectangulaire, qui passe au droit des pièces d'ancrage. Il est ainsi possible, en réalisant des soudures uniquement aux bords des plaques, d'ancrer la membrane étanche aux pièces d'ancrage au niveau d'une portion plane sur deux de la membrane étanche.According to one embodiment, the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the second direction is twice the first wave pitch. With these characteristics, a flat portion of two of the sealed membrane contains the edge of a rectangular plate, which passes to the right of the anchors. It is thus possible, by making welds only at the edges of the plates, to anchor the waterproof membrane anchoring parts at a flat portion on two of the sealed membrane.
La pièce d'ancrage métallique peut présenter différentes géométries. Avantageusement, la pièce d'ancrage comporte une bande métallique s'étendant parallèlement à la première direction ou à la deuxième direction. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, la géométrie de la pièce d'ancrage est bien adaptée pour fournir une surface de liaison relativement étendue avec le bord d'une plaque métallique ondulée.The metal anchor can have different geometries. Advantageously, the anchor comprises a metal strip extending parallel to the first direction or the second direction. Thanks to these characteristics, the geometry of the anchor piece is well adapted to provide a relatively large bonding surface with the edge of a corrugated metal plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce ou bande métallique est interrompue à distance des bords du panneau de couvercle et confinée à la zone interne du panneau de couvercle, deux bandes de protection thermique étant agencées sur le panneau de couvercle dans le prolongement de la pièce ou bande métallique dans la zone marginale du panneau de couvercle entre la pièce ou bande métallique et les bords du panneau de couvercle. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, la soudure bord à bord des plaques métalliques ondulées peut être entièrement effectuée au droit des pièces ou bandes métalliques et bandes de protection thermique, sans soumettre le panneau de couvercle à un échauffement excessif, ce qui permet de réaliser le panneau de couvercle en bois ou autre matériau peu résistant à la chaleur.According to one embodiment, the metal part or strip is interrupted at a distance from the edges of the cover panel and confined to the internal zone of the cover panel, two thermal protection strips being arranged on the cover panel in the extension of the part. or metal strip in the marginal area of the cover panel between the metal part or strip and the edges of the cover panel. Thanks to these features, the edge-to-edge weld of the corrugated metal plates can be entirely made to the right of the metal parts or strips and thermal protection strips, without subjecting the cover panel to excessive heating, which makes it possible to realize the panel of wooden cover or other material with low heat resistance.
Alternativement, la pièce ou bande métallique peut s'étendre sur toute la longueur du panneau de couvercle, y compris dans les zones marginales du panneau de couvercle, du moment que la membrane étanche n'est fixée à la pièce ou bande métallique que dans la zone interne du panneau de couvercle. Dans ce cas, les extrémités de la pièce ou bande métallique situées dans les zones marginales sont seulement une autre forme de protection thermique du panneau de couvercle.Alternatively, the metal part or strip may extend over the entire length of the cover panel, including in the marginal areas of the cover panel, as long as the waterproof membrane is attached to the metal part or strip only in the internal area of the lid panel. In this case, the ends of the metal part or strip located in the marginal areas are only another form of thermal protection of the cover panel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce d'ancrage comporte une bande métallique parallèle à la première direction et une bande métallique parallèle à la deuxième direction qui forment une croix dans la zone interne du panneau de couvercle. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, la géométrie de la pièce d'ancrage est bien adaptée pour fournir une surface de liaison avec deux bords d'une plaque métallique ondulée à proximité immédiate d'un coin de la plaque métallique ondulée.According to one embodiment, the anchor comprises a metal strip parallel to the first direction and a metal strip parallel to the second direction which form a cross in the inner area of the cover panel. With these features, the geometry of the anchor is well adapted to provide a bonding surface with two edges of a corrugated metal plate in the immediate vicinity of a corner of the corrugated metal plate.
Les enseignements indiqués ci-dessus en référence à une première série d'ondulations parallèles peuvent aussi être mis en oeuvre, de la même manière, en référence à une deuxième série d'ondulations parallèles s'étendant perpendiculairement à la première série d'ondulations, pour équilibrer les efforts et les déformations dans les deux directions du plan.The teachings indicated above with reference to a first series of parallel corrugations can also be implemented, in the same way, with reference to a second series of parallel corrugations extending perpendicular to the first series of corrugations, to balance the forces and deformations in both directions of the plane.
Selon des modes de réalisation correspondants :
- la membrane étanche comporte en outre une deuxième série d'ondulations parallèles, agencées parallèlement à la deuxième direction des blocs isolants parallélépipédiques et espacée d'un deuxième pas d'onde, lesdites portions planes de la membrane étanche étant situées en outre entre les ondulations parallèles à la deuxième direction,
le pas du maillage rectangulaire selon la première direction, qui est sensiblement égal à une dimension des blocs isolants selon la première direction, est égal à deux fois le deuxième pas d'onde, de sorte que la deuxième série d'ondulations comporte deux ondulations situées au droit de chacun des blocs isolants,
et les deux ondulations de la deuxième série d'ondulations sont situées au droit d'une zone marginale du panneau de couvercle située entre la zone interne et les bords du panneau de couvercle parallèles à la deuxième direction. - la pièce d'ancrage est interrompue à distance des bords du panneau de couvercle et confinée à la zone interne du panneau de couvercle, et les deux ondulations de la deuxième série d'ondulations sont situées de part et d'autre de la pièce d'ancrage de chacun des blocs isolants.
- un décalage égal à la moitié du deuxième pas d'onde est présent entre les ondulations parallèles à la deuxième direction et les bords des blocs isolants parallèles à la deuxième direction.
- la pièce d'ancrage est agencée au centre du panneau de couvercle et les deux ondulations de la deuxième série d'ondulations sont situées à égale distance du centre du panneau de couvercle.
- la dimension d'une plaque métallique ondulée dans la première direction étant égale à un multiple entier pair du deuxième pas d'onde, et les deux bords de la plaque métallique ondulée parallèles à la deuxième direction sont essentiellement situés dans les portions planes de la plaque métallique ondulée entre les ondulations parallèles à la deuxième direction et passent sur les pièces d'ancrage des blocs isolants dans la zone interne des panneaux de couvercle.
- le long des bords de la plaque métallique ondulée parallèles à la deuxième direction, la zone de bordure de la plaque métallique ondulée située en dessous est soudée sur les pièces d'ancrage des blocs isolants dans la zone interne des panneaux de couvercle.
- la dimension d'une plaque métallique ondulée dans la première direction est égale à deux fois le deuxième pas d'onde.
- le premier pas d'onde est égal au deuxième pas d'onde et les blocs isolants présentent un contour carré.
- the sealed membrane further comprises a second series of parallel corrugations, arranged parallel to the second direction of the parallelepipedic insulating blocks and spaced apart by a second wave pitch, said flat portions of the impervious membrane being situated furthermore between the parallel corrugations in the second direction,
the pitch of the rectangular grid in the first direction, which is substantially equal to one dimension of the insulating blocks in the first direction, is equal to twice the second wave pitch, so that the second series of corrugations comprises two corrugations located to the right of each of the insulating blocks,
and the two corrugations of the second series of corrugations are located in line with a marginal area of the cover panel located between the inner area and the edges of the cover panel parallel to the second direction. - the anchor piece is interrupted away from the edges of the cover panel and confined to the inner area of the cover panel, and the two corrugations of the second set of corrugations are located on either side of the workpiece. anchoring each of the insulating blocks.
- an offset equal to half of the second wave pitch is present between the corrugations parallel to the second direction and the edges of the insulating blocks parallel to the second direction.
- the anchor is arranged in the center of the cover panel and the two corrugations of the second set of corrugations are equidistant from the center of the cover panel.
- the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the first direction being equal to an even integer multiple of the second wave pitch, and the two edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the second direction are substantially located in the planar portions of the plate corrugated metal between the corrugations parallel to the second direction and pass over the anchoring parts of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
- along the edges of the corrugated metal plate parallel to the second direction, the edge region of the corrugated metal plate underneath is welded to the anchoring pieces of the insulating blocks in the inner area of the cover panels.
- the dimension of a corrugated metal plate in the first direction is twice the second wave pitch.
- the first wave pitch is equal to the second wave pitch and the insulating blocks have a square outline.
Les blocs isolants peuvent être réalisés de différentes manières. Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque bloc isolant parallélépipédique comporte un caisson dans lequel est logée la garniture calorifuge, ledit caisson comportant un panneau de fond et des panneaux de côté se développant entre ledit panneau de fond et le panneau de couvercle. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, chaque bloc isolant parallélépipédique comporte un panneau de fond et un panneau de couvercle avec un bloc de mousse intercalé formant ladite garniture calorifuge.The insulating blocks can be made in different ways. According to one embodiment, each parallelepipedic insulating block comprises a box in which is housed the heat insulating lining, said box having a bottom panel and side panels developing between said bottom panel and the cover panel. According to another embodiment, each parallelepipedic insulating block comprises a bottom panel and a cover panel with an interposed foam block forming said heat insulating lining.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane étanche de chaque paroi de cuve comporte :
- une première série d'ondulation faisant saillie en direction de l'intérieur de la cuve et se développant selon une première direction, et
- une seconde série d'ondulation faisant saillie en direction de l'intérieur de la cuve et se développant selon une seconde direction perpendiculaire à la première direction.
- a first series of corrugations projecting towards the interior of the tank and developing in a first direction, and
- a second series of corrugations projecting towards the inside of the tank and developing in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
Les ondulations de la membrane étanche peuvent être formées de différentes manières. Selon des modes de réalisation, les ondulations font saillie en direction de l'intérieur de la cuve par rapport aux portions planes, ou bien les ondulations font saillie en direction de l'extérieur de la cuve par rapport aux portions planes et sont logées dans des rainures ménagées dans les panneaux de couvercle des blocs isolants.The undulations of the waterproof membrane can be formed in different ways. According to embodiments, the corrugations project towards the interior of the vessel with respect to the flat portions, or the corrugations project towards the outside of the vessel with respect to the flat portions and are housed in grooves in the cover panels of the insulating blocks.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrière thermiquement isolante de la première ou deuxième paroi de cuve comporte des blocs isolants parallélépipédiques courants en vis-à-vis d'une face longitudinale de blocs de bordure opposée à l'arête de la cuve, une face supérieure du panneau de couvercle de chacun des blocs isolants parallélépipédiques courants comportant un décrochement en vis-à-vis d'un décrochement de la face supérieure du panneau de couvercle du bloc de bordure correspondant, une plaque de liaison logée conjointement dans lesdits décrochements affleurant au niveau de la face supérieure desdits panneaux de couvercle afin de former une surface de support plane continue pour la membrane étanche de la première ou deuxième paroi de cuve. Grâce à cette caractéristique, il est possible d'ajuster une distance entre la rangée de blocs de bordure et la première rangée de blocs courants sans générer d'espaces dans le support de la membrane étanche.According to one embodiment, the thermally insulating barrier of the first or second vessel wall comprises parallelepipedic insulating blocks running opposite a longitudinal face of edge blocks opposite the edge of the vessel, one face upper cover panel of each of the common parallelepiped insulating blocks having a recess vis-à-vis a recess of the upper face of the lid panel of the corresponding edge block, a connecting plate housed jointly in said recesses flush with the face level upper of said cover panels to form a continuous planar support surface for the sealed membrane of the first or second vessel wall. With this feature, it is possible to adjust a distance between the row of edge blocks and the first row of current blocks without generating gaps in the support of the waterproof membrane.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les espaces entre chaque bloc de bordure de la première et/ou seconde rangée et les blocs isolants parallélépipédiques adjacents et des espaces entre lesdits blocs de bordure et la première paroi porteuse comportent une garniture calorifuge intercalaire.According to one embodiment, the spaces between each edge block of the first and / or second row and the adjacent parallelepiped insulating blocks and spaces between said edge blocks and the first support wall comprise an insulating heat-seal.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les plaques métalliques ondulées présentent une forme rectangulaire, chaque bloc isolant parallélépipédique comportant deux bandes d'ancrages sécantes, chaque bande d'ancrage se développant parallèlement à un coté respectif des plaques métalliques ondulées fixées sur lesdites bandes d'ancrage.According to one embodiment, the corrugated metal plates have a rectangular shape, each parallelepipedal insulating block comprising two secant anchoring strips, each anchoring strip developing parallel to a respective side of the corrugated metal plates fixed on said anchoring strips. .
Selon un mode de réalisation, la barrière thermiquement isolante est une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire et la membrane étanche est une membrane étanche secondaire,
la paroi de cuve comportant en outre une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire disposée sur la membrane étanche secondaire et une membrane étanche primaire portée par ladite barrière thermiquement isolante primaire.According to one embodiment, the thermally insulating barrier is a secondary thermally insulating barrier and the waterproof membrane is a secondary waterproof membrane,
the vessel wall further comprising a primary heat-insulating barrier disposed on the secondary waterproof membrane and a primary waterproof membrane carried by said primary heat-insulating barrier.
De préférence dans ce cas, les pièces d'ancrage métalliques des blocs isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire portent des organes de retenue primaires, par exemple goujons ou douilles filetés, et la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire comporte une pluralité de blocs isolants parallélépipédiques rectangles juxtaposés ancrés aux organes de retenue primaires.Preferably in this case, the metal anchoring parts of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier carry primary retaining members, for example studs or threaded bushings, and the primary thermally insulating barrier comprises a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped insulating blocks juxtaposed anchored to the primary retainers.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la membrane étanche secondaire comporte des découpes pour laisser saillir les organes de retenue primaires au-dessus de la membrane étanche secondaire, et des bords des découpes de la membrane étanche secondaire sont soudés de manière étanche sur les pièces d'ancrage métalliques des blocs isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire tout autour des organes de retenue primaires. De préférence, ces découpes sont réalisées sur les bords des plaques rectangulaires, mais elles peuvent être aussi réalisées dans une portion plane située au sein d'une plaque rectangulaire.According to one embodiment, the secondary waterproof membrane has cutouts to project the primary retaining members above the secondary waterproof membrane, and edges of the cutouts of the secondary waterproof membrane are sealed welded to the parts of anchoring the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier around the primary retaining members. Preferably, these cuts are made on the edges of the rectangular plates, but they can also be made in a flat portion located within a rectangular plate.
Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du gaz liquéfié ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, un navire de transport de GPL, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres.Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example to store liquefied gas or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tanker, a LPG transport vessel, a floating unit storage and regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un navire pour le transport d'un produit liquide froid comporte une coque et une cuve précitée disposée dans la coque.According to one embodiment, a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a shell and a said tank disposed in the hull.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entrainer un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés.
- La
figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une portion de cuve pour le transport et/ou le stockage de gaz liquéfié, illustrant une arête de la cuve formée par une paroi longitudinale de la cuve et une paroi transversale de la cuve, la paroi transversale de la cuve formant avec la paroi longitudinale de la cuve un angle de l'ordre de 90°. - La
figure 2 est une vue de détail en éclatée illustrant un caisson thermiquement isolant de bordure de la barrière thermiquement isolante d'une paroi de cuve de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 3 est une vue de détail illustrant deux caissons thermiquement isolants de bordure de lafigure 1 , ces deux caissons formant conjointement une portion de l'arête de la barrière thermiquement isolante de la cuve de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 4 est une vue de dessus schématique d'une paroi de cuve au niveau de l'arête à 90°, illustrant une variante de réalisation des éléments calorifuges de bordure. - La
figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'une autre portion de cuve pour le transport et/ou le stockage de gaz liquéfié, illustrant une arête de la cuve formée entre deux parois de cuve longitudinales présentant un angle de 135°. - La
figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'une autre portion de cuve pour le transport et/ou le stockage de gaz liquéfié, illustrant une paroi de cuve plane selon un premier mode de réalisation. - La
figure 7 est une vue de dessus agrandie d'un détail de la paroi plane de lafigure 6 . - La
figure 8 est une vue agrandie d'un détail de la paroi plane de lafigure 6 , en perspective arrachée. - La
figure 9 et une vue en perspective éclatée d'un d'organe d'ancrage selon un mode de réalisation. - La
figure 10 est une vue de dessus d'une paroi de cuve plane selon un deuxième mode de réalisation. - La
figure 11 est une vue agrandie en perspective d'un détail de la paroi plane de lafigure 10 , - La
figure 12 est une vue en perspective de la paroi plane de lafigure 10 , illustrant en outre une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et une membrane étanche primaire. - La
figure 13 est une représentation schématique écorchée d'une cuve de navire méthanier ou de transport de GPL et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve.
- The
figure 1 is a perspective view of a vessel portion for the transport and / or storage of liquefied gas, illustrating an edge of the vessel formed by a longitudinal wall of the vessel and a transverse wall of the vessel, the transverse wall of the vessel; tank forming with the longitudinal wall of the tank an angle of the order of 90 °. - The
figure 2 is an exploded detail view illustrating a thermally insulating box edge of the thermally insulating barrier of a tank wall of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 3 is a detail view illustrating two thermally insulating curb enclosures of thefigure 1 , these two boxes jointly forming a portion of the edge of the thermally insulating barrier of the tank of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 4 is a schematic top view of a tank wall at the 90 ° edge, illustrating an alternative embodiment of the edge heat insulating elements. - The
figure 5 is a perspective view of another vessel portion for the transport and / or storage of liquefied gas, illustrating an edge of the vessel formed between two longitudinal vessel walls having an angle of 135 °. - The
figure 6 is a perspective view of another vessel portion for the transport and / or storage of liquefied gas, illustrating a planar vessel wall according to a first embodiment. - The
figure 7 is an enlarged top view of a detail of the flat wall of thefigure 6 . - The
figure 8 is an enlarged view of a detail of the plane wall of thefigure 6 , in perspective torn off. - The
figure 9 and an exploded perspective view of an anchor member according to one embodiment. - The
figure 10 is a top view of a flat tank wall according to a second embodiment. - The
figure 11 is an enlarged perspective view of a detail of the flat wall of thefigure 10 , - The
figure 12 is a perspective view of the flat wall of thefigure 10 , further illustrating a primary thermally insulating barrier and a primary waterproofing membrane. - The
figure 13 is a cutaway schematic representation of a vessel tank LNG tanker or transport LPG and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
Les figures sont décrites ci-après dans le cadre d'une structure porteuse constituée par les parois internes d'une double coque d'un navire pour le transport de gaz liquéfié. Une telle structure porteuse présente une géométrie polyédrique, par exemple de forme prismatique. Dans une telle structure porteuse, des parois longitudinales 1 de la structure porteuse s'étendent parallèlement à la direction longitudinale du navire et forment une section polygonale dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale du navire. Les parois longitudinales 1 se rejoignent en des arêtes longitudinales 2, qui forment par exemple des angles de l'ordre de 135° dans une géométrie octogonale. La structure générale de telles cuves polyédriques est par exemple décrite en regard de la
Les parois longitudinales 1 sont interrompues dans la direction longitudinale du navire par des parois porteuses transversales 3 qui sont perpendiculaires à la direction longitudinale du navire. Les parois longitudinales 1 et les parois transversales 3 se rejoignent au niveau d'arêtes 4 avant et arrière.The
Chaque paroi 1, 3 de la structure porteuse porte une paroi de cuve respective. Selon un premier mode de réalisation, chacune des parois de cuve est composée d'une seule barrière thermiquement isolante portant une seule membrane étanche au contact d'un fluide stocké dans la cuve tel que du gaz de pétrole liquéfié comportant du butane, du propane, du propène ou autre et présentant une température d'équilibre comprise entre -50°C et 0°C.Each
Par convention, l'adjectif « supérieur » appliqué à un élément de la cuve désigne la partie de cet élément orientée vers l'intérieur de la cuve et l'adjectif « inférieur » désigne la partie de cet élément orientée vers l'extérieur de la cuve, quelle que soit l'orientation de la paroi de cuve par rapport au champ de gravité terrestre. De même, le terme « au-dessus » désigne une position située plus près de l'intérieur de la cuve et le terme « en dessous » une position située plus près de la structure porteuse, quelle que soit l'orientation de la paroi de cuve par rapport au champ de gravité terrestre.By convention, the adjective "upper" applied to an element of the vessel designates the portion of this element oriented towards the interior of the vessel and the adjective "inferior" designates the portion of this element oriented towards the outside of the vessel. regardless of the orientation of the vessel wall with respect to the earth's gravity field. Similarly, the term "above" means a position closer to the inside of the tank and the term "below" a position closer to the supporting structure, regardless of the orientation of the wall of the tank. tank relative to the earth's gravity field.
La
La barrière thermiquement isolante de la paroi de cuve longitudinale 5 est constituée d'une pluralité d'éléments calorifuges ancrés sur toute la paroi porteuse longitudinale 1. Ces éléments calorifuges forment conjointement une surface plane sur laquelle est ancrée la membrane étanche de la paroi de cuve longitudinale 5. Ces éléments calorifuges comportent plus particulièrement une pluralité d'éléments calorifuges courants 8 juxtaposés selon un maillage rectangulaire régulier. La barrière thermiquement isolante de la paroi de cuve longitudinale 5 comporte également une rangée d'éléments calorifuges de bordure 9 décrits ci-après en regard de la
La membrane étanche de la paroi de cuve longitudinale 5 est constituée d'une pluralité de plaques métalliques 12 juxtaposées les unes aux autres avec recouvrement. Ces plaques métalliques 12 sont de préférence de forme rectangulaire. Les plaques métalliques 12 sont soudées entre elles afin d'assurer l'étanchéité de la membrane étanche. De préférence, les plaques métalliques 12 sont réalisées en acier inoxydable, par exemple avec une épaisseur de 1,2mm.The sealed membrane of the
Afin de permettre la déformation de la membrane étanche en réponse aux différentes contraintes subies par la cuve, en particulier en réponse à la contraction thermique résultant du chargement de gaz liquéfié dans la cuve, les plaques métalliques 12 comportent une pluralité d'ondulations 13 orientées vers l'intérieur de la cuve. Plus particulièrement, la membrane étanche de la paroi de cuve longitudinale 5 comporte une première série d'ondulations 13 et une seconde série d'ondulations 13 formant un motif rectangulaire régulier. Comme illustré sur la
Pour assurer la continuité de la barrière isolante 2 au niveau de la structure d'angle 7, des plaques métalliques d'angle 15 sont soudées disposées sur les éléments calorifuges de bordure 9 perpendiculaires. Ces plaques métalliques d'angle 15 comportent deux portions planes 16 situées dans les plans de la membrane étanche de chaque paroi de cuve 5 et 6 respectivement.To ensure the continuity of the insulating barrier 2 at the angle structure 7,
La
L'élément calorifuge de bordure 9 comporte un panneau de fond 17, des panneaux de côté 18 et un panneau de couvercle 19. Tous ces panneaux 17, 18, 19 sont de forme rectangulaire et délimitent un espace interne de l'élément calorifuge de bordure 9. Le panneau de fond 17 et le panneau de couvercle 19 se développent parallèlement l'un de l'autre et, comme illustré sur la
Le panneau de fond 17 comporte des rebords longitudinaux 25 faisant saillie depuis les panneaux de côté longitudinal 21. Le panneau de fond 17 comporte également un rebord transversal 26 faisant saillie d'un des panneaux de côté transversal 22. Des tasseaux 27 sont portés les rebords 25, 26 du panneau de fond 17. Dans l'exemple illustré sur la
Le panneau de couvercle 19 comporte sur une face supérieure opposée à la garniture calorifuge 24 un décrochement transversal 28. Ce décrochement transversal 28 est situé au droit du panneau de côté transversal 22 depuis lequel fait saillie le rebord transversal 26 du panneau de fond 17. Ce décrochement transversal 28 comporte une encoche 65 située au droit du tasseau 27 porté par le rebord transversal 26. De nombreuses méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour réaliser le panneau de couvercle 19. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la
La face supérieure du panneau de couvercle 19 comporte en outre un lamage transversal 29 et un lamage longitudinal 30. Le lamage transversal 29 se développe selon une direction parallèle à la largeur du panneau de couvercle 19 sur toute la largeur du panneau de couvercle 19. Le lamage transversal 29 est situé proche du côté transversal du panneau de couvercle 17 opposé au rebord transversal 26. Le lamage longitudinal 30 se développe selon une direction parallèle à la longueur du panneau de couvercle 19 sur toute la longueur du panneau de couvercle 19. De préférence, ce lamage longitudinal 30 est centré sur la largeur du panneau de couvercle 19.Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la
Une bande d'ancrage longitudinale 31 est logée dans le lamage longitudinal 30. Cette bande d'ancrage longitudinale 31 présente une longueur inférieure à la longueur du panneau de couvercle 19. Une protection thermique 54 (illustrée sur la
De même, une bande d'ancrage transversale 32 est logée dans le lamage transversal 29 du panneau de couvercle 19. Cependant, cette bande d'ancrage transversale 32 se développe sur toute la largeur du panneau de couvercle 19. Chaque extrémité de la bande d'ancrage transversale 32 comporte une patte 33. Cette patte 33 fait saillie depuis un côté longitudinal respectif du panneau de couvercle 19.Likewise, a
De manière analogue aux éléments calorifuges de bordure 9, chaque élément calorifuge courant 8 comporte sur une face supérieure deux bandes d'ancrage 14 perpendiculaires logées dans des lamages respectifs et vissées ou rivetées sur les panneaux de couvercle. Les bandes d'ancrage 14 sont de préférence disposées parallèlement aux ondulations 13. Les bandes d'ancrage 14 se développent sur une portion centrale des lamages dans lesquels elles sont logées. Des protections thermiques 54 sont logées dans les extrémités des lamages.Similarly to the
Les plaques métalliques 12, 15 de la membrane étanche sont soudées sur les bandes d'ancrage 14, 31, 32 sur lesquelles elles reposent. Les protections thermiques 54 évitent la dégradation des éléments calorifuges 8, 9 lors de la soudure des plaques métalliques 12, 15 les unes aux autres le long de leurs bords. Les protections thermiques 54 sont réalisées en matière résistante à la chaleur, par exemple en matière composite à base de fibres de verre. La soudure des plaques métalliques 12, 15 sur les bandes d'ancrages 14, 31, 32 permet de retenir la membrane étanche sur la barrière isolante, mais entraine la transmission d'efforts de traction par les plaques métalliques 12, 15 aux bandes d'ancrages 14, 31, 32 sur lesquelles elles sont soudées.The
La patte 33 comporte une portion d'écartement 34 se développant depuis le panneau de couvercle 19 dans le prolongement du lamage transversal 29. Cette patte comporte en outre une portion de couplage 35 se développant depuis une extrémité de la portion d'écartement 34 opposée au panneau de couvercle 19. La portion de couplage 35 se développe en direction du panneau de fond 17. La portion de couplage 35 comporte une fente 52 tournée vers le coté transversal du panneau de couvercle 19 présentant le décrochement 65.The
Les bandes d'ancrage 31, 32 sont fixées sur le panneau de couvercle 19 par tout moyen adapté, par exemple par rivetage. La fixation de la bande d'ancrage transversale 32 est réalisée de manière à présenter un jeu selon une direction longitudinale du panneau de couvercle 19 par exemple de l'ordre de un à quelques dixièmes de millimètres. Typiquement, dans le cas d'une fixation par rivetage, les orifices (non illustrés) du panneau de couvercle 19 traversé par les rivets de fixation de la bande d'ancrage transversale 32 présentent une dimension longitudinale supérieure à l'épaisseur du rivet. De même, la bande d'ancrage transversale 32 est logée dans le lamage transversal 29 avec un jeu. De tels jeux permettent la transmission d'efforts de traction générés dans la direction longitudinale du panneau de couvercle 19 par la membrane étanche soudée sur les bandes d'ancrage 31, 32, sans que ces efforts ne soient substantiellement transmis au panneau de couvercle 19.The anchor strips 31, 32 are fixed on the
La
Les organes d'ancrage 10 illustrés sur la
Comme illustré sur la
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la
Dans un mode de réalisation non illustré, les éléments calorifuges courants et les éléments calorifuges de bordures présentent la même largeur mais sont décalés les uns par rapport aux autres le long d'une direction parallèle à l'arête. Ainsi, les coins de deux éléments calorifuges courants adjacents sont situés à mi-largeur d'un élément calorifuge de bordure et au droit du rebord transversal dudit élément calorifuge de bordure.In a non-illustrated embodiment, the current heat insulating elements and the heat insulating elements of borders have the same width but are offset with respect to each other along a direction parallel to the edge. Thus, the corners of two adjacent heat insulating elements are located mid-width of a heat insulating edge element and the right of the transverse edge of said insulating edge element.
Par ailleurs, les éléments calorifuges courants 8 situés en vis-à-vis des éléments calorifuge de bordure 9 comportent un décrochement analogue au décrochement 28 dudit élément calorifuge de bordure 9 en vis-à-vis dudit décrochement 28 de l'élément calorifuge de bordure 9. Des bandes de couverture 53 sont logées conjointement dans les décrochements des éléments calorifuges courants 8 et des éléments calorifuges de bordure 9 en vis-à-vis afin de recouvrir un espace entre lesdits éléments calorifuge 8 et 9. Cet espace est rempli de garniture calorifuge comme par exemple de laine de verre. De telles bandes de couvertures affleurent au niveau de la face supérieure des panneaux de couvercle des éléments calorifuge 8 et 9 afin d'offrir une surface plane continue à la membrane étanche. Par ailleurs, de telles bandes de couverture 53 permettent de rattraper les jeux de construction pouvant apparaître lors de la construction la cuve.Furthermore, the current
En outre, les espaces 55 situés entre les éléments calorifuges de bordure 9 et les parois porteuses 1 et 3 en vis-à-vis sont avantageusement remplis de garniture calorifuge telle que de la laine de verre.In addition, the
La
Dans la variante illustrée sur la
La
En référence aux
Sur la portion plane de la paroi porteuse 1 ou 3, la barrière thermiquement isolante est essentiellement constituée des éléments calorifuges courants 8 juxtaposés selon le maillage rectangulaire régulier. Un échantillon de ce maillage comportant deux rangés de quatre éléments calorifuges courants 8 chacune est montré sur la
Les bords des éléments calorifuges courants 8 ainsi que les bords des plaques métalliques 12 sont parallèles aux deux directions définies par les ondulations 13. Du fait que le pas d'onde de la membrane étanche est le même dans les deux directions définies par les ondulations 13, les éléments calorifuges courants 8 présentent un forme de contour carré. En effet, la dimension des éléments calorifuges courants 8 est égale à deux fois le pas d'onde dans chacune des deux directions. Le contour serait rectangulaire si les pas d'onde étaient différents dans les deux directions.The edges of the current heat-insulating
On trouve au centre du panneau de couvercle de chaque élément calorifuge courant 8 les deux bandes d'ancrage 14 agencées en forme de croix et dont les branches sont aussi parallèles aux deux directions définies par les ondulations 13, afin de correspondre aux bords des plaques métalliques 12.At the center of the cover panel of each current insulating
Comme mieux visible sur la
La
Le panneau de fond 117 comporte des rebords longitudinaux 125 faisant saillie depuis les panneaux de côté longitudinal 121 et des rebords transversaux 126 faisant saillie des panneaux de côté transversal 122. Des tasseaux 127 sont portés par les rebords longitudinaux 125, au niveau des coins de l'élément calorifuge courant 8 pour coopérer avec les organes d'ancrage 10.The
La
Dans un exemple de réalisation, les dimensions de l'élément calorifuge courant 8 sont: épaisseur 220mm, largeur 1200mm, longueur 1200mm, pour un pas d'onde de 600mm dans les deux directions. La largeur de l'interstice entre les éléments calorifuges courants 8 est ici négligeable. Le pas d'onde est ici défini comme la distance entre les arêtes de sommet de deux ondulations 13 parallèles et adjacentes. L'épaisseur peut être modifiée en fonction de l'exigence en termes de performance thermique de la cuve. Le pas d'onde peut être modifié en fonction de l'exigence en termes de souplesse de la membrane étanche, ce qui implique de modifier la dimension de l'élément calorifuge courant 8 de manière correspondante.In an exemplary embodiment, the dimensions of the current insulating
Sur la
Alternativement il est possible de réaliser la membrane étanche avec des plaques métalliques 12 plus grandes que deux pas d'onde dans les deux directions du plan, à condition de réaliser des soudures additionnelles des portions planes situées à distance des bords de la plaque métallique sur les bandes d'ancrage 14 sous-jacentes,Alternatively, it is possible to produce the waterproof membrane with
La
Une cale d'épaisseur 63 est placée sur la paroi porteuse autour de l'embase creuse 62 pour recevoir les coins des quatre éléments calorifuges courants 8 adjacents qui vont reposer sur celle-ci. Les cales d'épaisseur 63 et les cordons de mastic 60 servent à rattraper les défauts de planéité de la paroi porteuse et ainsi offrir une surface supérieure plane pour faire reposer les éléments calorifuges courants 8.A
Par ailleurs, une cale de positionnement 64 faisant saillie au-dessus de la cale d'épaisseur 63 est montée dans l'ouverture centrale de la cale d'épaisseur 63, autour de l'embase creuse 62. Les cales de positionnement 64 servent de butée pour positionner les coins des éléments calorifuges courants 8. Plus précisément, le rebord longitudinal 125 fait exactement la longueur du panneau de côté longitudinal 121 et le rebord transversal 126 fait exactement la longueur du panneau de côté transversal 122, de sorte que les surfaces d'extrémité verticales du rebord longitudinal 125 et du rebord transversal 126 au niveau du coin forment deux surfaces orthogonales qui peuvent venir en contact contre deux facettes correspondantes de la cale de positionnement 64, dont la périphérie est octogonale.Furthermore, a
Les
La technique décrite ci-dessus pour réaliser une cuve présentant une seule membrane étanche peut aussi être utilisée dans différents types de réservoirs, par exemple pour constituer une cuve à double membrane pour gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) dans une installation terrestre ou dans un ouvrage flottant comme un navire méthanier ou autre. Dans ce contexte, on peut considérer que la membrane étanche illustrée sur les figures précédentes est une membrane étanche secondaire, et qu'une barrière isolante primaire ainsi qu'une membrane étanche primaire, non représentées, doivent encore être ajoutées sur cette membrane étanche secondaire. De cette manière, cette technique peut également être appliquée aux cuves présentant une pluralité de barrière thermiquement isolante et de membranes étanches superposées.The technique described above for producing a tank with a single sealed membrane can also be used in different types of tanks, for example to form a double membrane tank for liquefied natural gas (LNG) in a land installation or in a floating structure like a LNG carrier or other. In this context, it can be considered that the waterproof membrane illustrated in the previous figures is a secondary waterproof membrane, and a primary insulating barrier and a primary waterproof membrane, not shown, must be added to this secondary waterproof membrane. In this way, this technique can also be applied to tanks having a plurality of thermally insulating barrier and superimposed waterproof membranes.
Un deuxième mode de réalisation de la paroi plane de cuve, plus particulièrement adapté à une cuve à double membrane, va maintenant être décrit en référence aux
Sur la
Chaque paroi de la cuve comporte, depuis l'extérieur vers l'intérieur de la cuve, une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 201 comportant des blocs isolants 202 juxtaposés et fixés à la structure porteuse 203, une membrane étanche secondaire 204 portée par les blocs isolants 202 de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 201, une barrière d'isolation thermique primaire 205 comportant des blocs isolants 206 juxtaposés et ancrés aux blocs isolants 202 de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 201 par des organes de retenue primaires et une membrane étanche primaire 207, portée par les blocs isolants 206 de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire 205 et destinée à être en contact avec le fluide cryogénique contenu dans la cuve.Each wall of the tank comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary
La structure porteuse 203 peut notamment être une tôle métallique autoporteuse ou, plus généralement, tout type de cloison rigide présentant des propriétés mécaniques appropriées. La structure porteuse 203 peut notamment être formée par la coque ou la double coque d'un navire. La structure porteuse 203 comporte une pluralité de parois définissant la forme générale de la cuve, habituellement une forme polyédrique.The supporting
La barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 201 comporte une pluralité de blocs isolants 202 collés sur la structure porteuse 203 au moyen de cordons de résine adhésifs, non illustrés. Les cordons de résine doivent être suffisamment adhésifs pour assurer seuls l'ancrage des blocs isolants 202. Alternativement ou en combinaison, les blocs isolants 202 peuvent être ancrés au moyen des organes d'ancrage 10 précités ou de dispositifs mécaniques similaires. Les blocs isolants 2 présentent sensiblement une forme de parallélépipède rectangle.The secondary
Comme illustré sur la
Comme illustré sur la
La plaque interne 210 présente deux séries de deux rainures 214 et 215, perpendiculaires l'une à l'autre, de sorte à former un réseau de rainures. Chacune des séries de rainures 214 et 215 est parallèle à deux côtés opposés des blocs isolants 202. Les rainures 214 et 215 sont destinées à la réception d'ondulations, faisant saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve, formées sur les tôles métalliques de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire 204. Plus précisément, la plaque interne 210 comporte deux rainures 214 s'étendant selon une direction du bloc isolant 202 et deux rainures 215 s'étendant selon l'autre direction du bloc isolant 202, dont les dimensions sont, comme dans le premier mode de réalisation, égales à deux pas d'onde par deux pas d'onde.The
Les rainures 214 et 215 traversent intégralement l'épaisseur de la plaque interne 210 et débouchent ainsi au niveau de la couche de mousse polymère isolante 209. Par ailleurs, les blocs isolants 202 comportent dans les zones de croisement entre les rainures 214 et 215, des orifices de dégagement 216 ménagés dans la couche de mousse polymère isolante 209. Les orifices de dégagements 216 permettent le logement des zones de nœud, formés aux intersections entre les ondulations des tôles métalliques de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire 204. Ces zones de nœud présentent un sommet en saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve.The
Par ailleurs, comme illustré sur la
La
En variante, tous les blocs isolants 202 pourraient porter les quatre platines allongées 218, par mesure d'uniformisation de la fabrication.Alternatively, all the insulating
Les platines métalliques 217 et 218 sont fixées sur la plaque interne 210 du bloc isolant 202, par des vis, des rivets, des agrafes, par collage ou combinaison de plusieurs de ces moyens, par exemple. Les platines métalliques 217 et 218 sont mises en place dans des évidements ménagés dans la plaque interne 210 de telle sorte que la surface interne des platines métalliques 217 et 218 affleure la surface interne de la plaque interne 210.The
La plaque interne 210 est également équipée de goujons métalliques filetés 219 faisant saillie vers l'intérieur de la cuve, et destinés à assurer la fixation de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire 205 sur les blocs isolants 202 de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 201. Les goujons 219 passent au travers d'orifices ménagés dans les platines métalliques 17.The
En relation avec les
Chaque plaque métallique ondulée 224 présente une première série d'ondulations 13 parallèles s'étendant selon une première direction et une seconde série d'ondulations 13 parallèles s'étendant selon une seconde direction. Les directions des séries d'ondulations 13 sont perpendiculaires. Chacune des séries d'ondulations 13 est parallèle à deux bords opposés de la plaque métallique ondulée 224. Les ondulations 13 font ici saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve, c'est-à-dire en direction de la structure porteuse 203. La plaque métallique ondulée 224 comporte entre les ondulations 13 une pluralité de portions planes. Au niveau de chaque croisement entre deux ondulations 13, la tôle métallique comporte une zone de nœud 227. La zone de nœud 227 comporte une portion centrale présentant un sommet en saillie vers l'extérieur de la cuve.Each
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les ondulations 13 de la première série et de la seconde série présentent des hauteurs identiques. Comme dans le premier mode de réalisation, il est toutefois possible de prévoir que les ondulations 13 de la première série présentent une hauteur supérieure aux ondulations 13 de la seconde série ou inversement.In the embodiment shown, the
Comme représenté sur la
Les plaques métalliques ondulées 224 comportent le long de leur bords longitudinaux et au niveau de leur quatre coins des découpes 228 permettant le passage des goujons 219 destinés à assurer la fixation de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire 205 sur la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 201.The
Les plaques métalliques ondulées 224 sont, par exemple, réalisées en Invar® : c'est-à-dire un alliage de fer et de nickel dont le coefficient de dilatation est typiquement compris entre 1,2.10-6 et 2.10-6 K-1, ou dans un alliage de fer à forte teneur en manganèse dont le coefficient de dilatation est typiquement de l'ordre de 7.10-6 K-1. De manière alternative, les plaques métalliques ondulées 224 peuvent également être réalisées en acier inoxydable ou en aluminium.The
Les longueurs et largeurs des plaques métalliques ondulées 224 sont dimensionnées comme les plaques métalliques 12 du premier mode de réalisation pour les mêmes raisons. Sur les
Dans le cas (non représenté) où on réalise la membrane étanche 204 avec des plaques métalliques 224 plus grandes que deux pas d'onde dans les deux directions du plan, il est nécessaire de réaliser des ouvertures additionnelles dans les portions planes situées à distance des bords de la plaque métallique 224 pour permettre le passage des goujons 219, et de réaliser des soudures étanches des bords de ces ouvertures sur les platines métalliques 217 sous-jacentes.In the case (not shown) where the sealed
Dans un exemple de réalisation, les dimensions du bloc isolant 202 sont : largeur 990mm, longueur 990mm, pour un pas d'onde de 510mm dans les deux directions et un interstice de 30mm entre les blocs isolants. Le pas d'onde peut être modifié en fonction de l'exigence en termes de souplesse de la membrane étanche, ce qui implique de modifier la dimension du bloc isolant 202 de manière correspondante.In an exemplary embodiment, the dimensions of the insulating
Pour la réalisation de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire 205 et de la membrane étanche primaire 207, différentes techniques connues peuvent être employées.For the realization of the primary
Comme représenté sur la
Dans la membrane étanche secondaire 204 comme dans la membrane étanche du premier mode de réalisation, on obtient une répartition équilibrée des déformations des ondulations grâce au dimensionnement des blocs isolants et à l'ancrage de la membrane étanche sur ceux-ci.In the secondary
Par rapport aux modes de réalisation illustrés ci-dessus, l'une des deux séries d'ondulations de la membrane étanche peut être supprimée, par exemple pour des applications où la souplesse de la membrane n'est souhaitée que dans une direction du plan. Dans un tel cas, les symétries dimensionnelles de la paroi de cuve décrites plus haut ne sont plus nécessaires que dans une direction du plan et les dimensionnements qui faisaient référence au pas d'onde de la série d'ondulation qui a maintenant été supprimée deviennent bien sûr superflus, ou du moins optionnels.Compared to the embodiments illustrated above, one of the two series of corrugations of the sealed membrane can be omitted, for example for applications where the flexibility of the membrane is desired only in one direction of the plane. In such a case, the dimensional symmetries of the vessel wall described above are only needed in one direction of the plane and the sizing that referred to the wave pitch of the corrugation series that has now been removed becomes sure superfluous, or at least optional.
En référence à la
De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de gaz liquéfié depuis ou vers la cuve 71.In a manner known per se, loading /
La
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en œuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75.In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention, telle que définie par les revendications.Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. L'usage de l'article indéfini « un » ou « une » pour un élément ou une étape n'exclut pas, sauf mention contraire, la présence d'une pluralité de tels éléments ou étapes.The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
Claims (24)
- A sealed and thermally insulating tank incorporated into a bearing structure, said tank comprising a tank wall fixed to a bearing wall (1, 3, 203) of the bearing structure, in which the tank wall comprises:a thermally insulating barrier fixed to the bearing wall and a sealed membrane (12, 204) borne by said thermally insulating barrier,the thermally insulating barrier comprising a plurality of rectangular parallelepipedal insulating blocks (8, 202) juxtaposed in a regular rectangular grid pattern, each insulating block comprising an insulating filling and a cover panel (119, 210) facing toward the inside of the tank, an upper face of the cover panel on the opposite side to the insulating filling bearing a metal anchor piece (14, 217, 218),the sealed membrane (12, 204) being made up of a corrugated metal membrane comprising a first series of parallel corrugations (13) and flat portions (101, 102) situated between the parallel corrugations and resting on the upper face of the cover panels, the parallel corrugations (13) being arranged parallel to a first direction of the parallelepipedal insulating blocks and spaced by a first corrugations pitch,characterized in that the pitch of the rectangular grid pattern in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, which is substantially equal to a dimension of the insulating blocks (8, 202) in the second direction, is equal to twice the first corrugations pitch, so that the first series of corrugations comprises two corrugations (13) situated in line with each of the insulating blocks (8, 202),in that a flat portion (102) of the sealed membrane situated between the two corrugations (13) is arranged in line with an internal zone of the cover panel that is situated some distance from the edges of the cover panel that are parallel to the first direction, so that the two corrugations (13) of the first series of corrugations are situated in line with a marginal zone of the cover panel which zone is situated between the internal zone and the edges of the cover panel (119, 210) that are parallel to the first direction,and in that the metal anchor piece (14, 217, 218) of each insulating block is arranged at least in the internal zone of the cover panel, the sealed membrane being fixed to the thermally insulating barrier by the fixing of said flat portions (102) of the sealed membrane to said anchor pieces (14, 217, 218) of a plurality of the insulating blocks only in the internal zone of the cover panels (119, 210), so that the sealed membrane is not fixed to the thermally insulating barrier in said marginal zone of the cover panels.
- The tank as claimed in claim 1, in which the anchor piece (14, 217, 218) is interrupted some distance from the edges of the cover panel (119, 210) and is confined to the internal zone of the cover panel, two thermal protection strips (54) being arranged on the cover panel in the continuation of the metal anchor piece (14, 218) in the marginal zone of the cover panel between the metal anchor piece and the edges of the cover panel parallel to the first direction
and in which the two corrugations (13) of the first series of corrugations are situated one on each side of the anchor piece (14, 217, 218) of each of the insulating blocks. - The tank as claimed in claim 1, in which the metal anchor piece (14, 217, 218) extends over an entire length of the cove panel (119, 210) in the second direction, including in said marginal zone of the cover panel situated between the internal zone and the edges of the cover panel (119, 210) that are parallel to the first direction, the sealed membrane being fixed to the metal anchor piece only in the internal zone of the cover panel and not in said marginal zone of the cover panel.
- The tank as claimed in claim 1 to 3, in which there is an offset equal to substantially half the first corrugations pitch between the corrugations (13) parallel to the first direction and the edges of the insulating blocks (8, 202) parallel to the first direction.
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, in which the anchor piece (14, 217, 218) is arranged at the center of the cover panel and the two corrugations of the first series of corrugations are situated at equal distances from the center of the cover panel.
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, in which the corrugated metal membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets (12, 224) of rectangular shape, each corrugated metal sheet comprising two edges parallel to the first direction and two edges parallel to the second direction,
the dimension of a corrugated metal sheet (12, 224) in the second direction being equal to an even integer multiple of the first corrugations pitch,
and in which the two edges of the corrugated metal sheet that are parallel to the first direction are essentially situated in the flat portions of the corrugated metal sheet between the corrugations parallel to the first direction and pass over the anchor pieces (14, 217, 218) of the insulating blocks (8, 202) in the internal zone of the cover panels. - The tank as claimed in claim 6, in which each corrugated metal sheet (12, 224) of rectangular shape has a border zone lap-welded to the border zone of the adjacent corrugated metal sheets, the border zone (66) of a corrugated metal sheet situated on the top being welded each time to the border zone of an adjacent corrugated metal sheet situated underneath,
and in which, along the edges of the corrugated metal sheet that are parallel to the first direction, the border zone of the corrugated metal sheet situated underneath is welded to the anchor pieces (14, 217, 218) of the insulating blocks in the internal zone of the cover panels. - The tank as claimed in claim 6 or 7, in which the dimension of a corrugated metal sheet (12, 224) in the second direction and/or in the first direction is equal to twice the first corrugations pitch.
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 6 to 8, in which the anchor piece (14, 218) comprises a metal strip running parallel to the second direction.
- The tank as claimed in claim 9, in which the anchor piece comprises a metal strip (14, 218) parallel to the first direction and a metal strip (14, 218) parallel to the second direction which strips form a cross in the internal zone of the cover panel.
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, in which the sealed membrane further comprises a second series of parallel corrugations (13), which are arranged parallel to the second direction of the parallelepipedal insulating blocks (8, 202) and spaced apart by a second corrugations pitch, said flat portions (101, 102) of the sealed membrane being furthermore situated between the corrugations (13) parallel to the second direction,
in which the pitch of the rectangular grid pattern in the first direction, which is substantially equal to a dimension of the insulating blocks (8, 202) in the first direction, is equal to twice the second corrugations pitch, which means that the second series of corrugations comprises two corrugations (13) situated in line with each of the insulating blocks (8, 202),
the two corrugations of the second series of corrugations being situated in line with a marginal zone of the cover panel (119, 210) which zone is situated between the internal zone and the edges of the cover panel that are parallel to the second direction. - The tank as claimed in claim 11, in which the anchor piece (14, 217, 218) is interrupted some distance from the edges of the cover panel and is confined to the internal zone of the cover panel,
and in which the two corrugations (13) of the second series of corrugations are situated one on each side of the anchor piece of each of the insulating blocks. - The tank as claimed in claim 11 or 12, in which there is an offset equal to substantially half the second corrugations pitch between the corrugations (13) parallel to the second direction and the edges of the insulating blocks (8, 202) parallel to the second direction.
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 11 to 13, in which the corrugated metal membrane comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets (12, 224) of rectangular shape, each corrugated metal sheet comprising two edges parallel to the first direction and two edges parallel to the second direction,
the dimension of a corrugated metal sheet in the first direction being equal to an even integer multiple of the second corrugations pitch,
and in which the two edges of the corrugated metal sheet that are parallel to the second direction are essentially situated in the flat portions of the corrugated metal sheet between the corrugations parallel to the second direction and pass over the anchor pieces (14, 217, 218) of the insulating blocks in the internal zone of the cover panels. - The tank as claimed in one of claims 11 to 14, in which the first corrugations pitch is equal to the second corrugations pitch and the insulating blocks (8, 202) have a square outline.
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 15, in which each parallelepipedal insulating block (202) comprises a bottom panel (211) and a block of foam (209) interposed between the bottom panel and the cover panel (210) and forming said insulating filling.
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 15, in which each parallelepipedal insulating block (8) comprises a box structure in which the insulating filling is housed, said box structure comprising a bottom panel (117) and side panels (121, 122) extending between said bottom panel and the cover panel (119).
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 17, in which the corrugations (13) project toward the inside of the tank with respect to the flat portions.
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 16, in which the corrugations (13) project toward the outside of the tank with respect to the flat portions, and are housed in grooves (214, 215) formed in the cover panels (210) of the insulating blocks (202).
- The tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 19, in which the thermally insulating barrier is a secondary thermally insulating barrier (201) and the sealed membrane is a secondary sealed membrane (204),
the tank wall further comprising a primary thermally insulating barrier (205) arranged on the secondary sealed membrane and a primary sealed membrane (207) borne by said primary thermally insulating barrier,
and in which the metal anchor pieces (217) of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier bear primary retaining members (219), the primary thermally insulating barrier comprising a plurality of juxtaposed rectangular parallelepipedal insulating blocks (206) anchored to the primary retaining members (219). - The tank as claimed in claim 20, in which the secondary sealed membrane (204) comprises cutouts (228) to allow the primary retaining members (219) to project above the secondary sealed membrane, and in which edges of the cutouts (218) in the secondary sealed membrane are welded in a sealed manner to the metal anchor pieces (217) of the insulating blocks of the secondary thermally insulating barrier all around the primary retaining members (219).
- A ship (70) for transporting a cold liquid product, the ship comprising a hull (72) and a tank as claimed in one of claims 1 to 21 arranged inside the hull.
- A method for loading or unloading a ship (70) as claimed in claim 22, in which method a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) from or to a floating or land storage facility (77) to or from the tank of the ship (71).
- A transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a ship (70) as claimed in claim 22, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged in such a way as to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the ship to a floating or land storage facility (77) and a pump for causing a cold liquid product to flow through the insulated pipes from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the ship.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL16791660T PL3362732T3 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Sealed and thermally insulating tank |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1559744A FR3042253B1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2015-10-13 | SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK |
PCT/FR2016/052648 WO2017064426A1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Sealed and thermally insulating tank |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3362732A1 EP3362732A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
EP3362732B1 true EP3362732B1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
Family
ID=55072901
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16791660.0A Active EP3362732B1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Sealed and thermally insulating tank |
EP22190092.1A Pending EP4108976A1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-03 | Sealed and thermally insulating vessel |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22190092.1A Pending EP4108976A1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-03 | Sealed and thermally insulating vessel |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10578248B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3362732B1 (en) |
JP (4) | JP6564926B2 (en) |
KR (4) | KR102101324B1 (en) |
CN (4) | CN107835915B (en) |
DK (1) | DK3526512T3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2768991T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3042253B1 (en) |
PH (2) | PH12018500091A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3362732T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT3526512T (en) |
RU (2) | RU2750589C2 (en) |
SG (2) | SG11201800151VA (en) |
WO (3) | WO2017064413A1 (en) |
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2015
- 2015-10-13 FR FR1559744A patent/FR3042253B1/en active Active
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2016
- 2016-10-11 JP JP2018500400A patent/JP6564926B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-11 CN CN201680040881.7A patent/CN107835915B/en active Active
- 2016-10-11 WO PCT/FR2016/052627 patent/WO2017064413A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-10-11 KR KR1020187000756A patent/KR102101324B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-10-13 WO PCT/FR2016/052648 patent/WO2017064426A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-10-13 SG SG11201800151VA patent/SG11201800151VA/en unknown
- 2016-10-13 ES ES16791660T patent/ES2768991T3/en active Active
- 2016-10-13 US US15/741,184 patent/US10578248B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-13 KR KR1020187000702A patent/KR102558859B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-10-13 PL PL16791660T patent/PL3362732T3/en unknown
- 2016-10-13 JP JP2018518989A patent/JP6742407B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-13 EP EP16791660.0A patent/EP3362732B1/en active Active
- 2016-10-13 CN CN201680040915.2A patent/CN108368970B/en active Active
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2017
- 2017-04-03 KR KR1020217039105A patent/KR102432640B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2017-04-03 JP JP2018558296A patent/JP6650050B2/en active Active
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