EP2984383B1 - Sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid - Google Patents
Sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2984383B1 EP2984383B1 EP14721452.2A EP14721452A EP2984383B1 EP 2984383 B1 EP2984383 B1 EP 2984383B1 EP 14721452 A EP14721452 A EP 14721452A EP 2984383 B1 EP2984383 B1 EP 2984383B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- panel
- thermal insulating
- metal connecting
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 53
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011929 mousse Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
- F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
- B63B27/25—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines for fluidised bulk material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
- F17C3/06—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers on the inner surface, i.e. in contact with the stored fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
- F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0354—Wood
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0639—Steels
- F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
- F17C2203/0651—Invar
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
- F17C2209/221—Welding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
- F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
- F17C2209/228—Assembling processes by screws, bolts or rivets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of tanks, sealed and thermally insulating, membranes for storing and / or transporting fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- these tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied natural gas or to receive liquefied natural gas used as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
- the document FR 2 691 520 discloses a sealed and thermally insulating tank having successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the inside to the outside of the tank, a primary sealing membrane, in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, a heat barrier primary insulation, a secondary waterproofing membrane, a secondary thermally insulating barrier and a supporting structure made of metal sheets forming the hull or the double-hull of a merchant ship, such as an LNG carrier.
- the corner areas of the tank are made from a pre-assembled, dihedral-shaped corner structure, illustrated on the figure 3 of the document FR 2 691 520 .
- Such a pre-assembled angle structure comprises two beveled insulating plates, connected by means of a corner connection and forming the secondary insulation barrier, a flexible membrane resting on the insulating plates of the secondary insulation barrier and constituting the secondary sealing barrier, and two other beveled insulating plates, connected by means of a corner connector and forming the primary insulation barrier.
- Such an angle structure is advantageous in that it allows a pre-assembly in the workshop of corner structures.
- these angle structures are heavy and bulky which makes their transport and handling difficult. They are, moreover, relatively complex to manufacture.
- the document FR2739675 discloses, in relation to its Figures 2 to 4 , a land tank comprising a concrete support structure, a thermal insulation barrier and a sealing membrane comprising corrugations.
- the tank comprises an angle structure comprising two heat-insulated panels which each have on their inner face anchoring pins of the sealing barrier.
- a first panel has an outer face resting against the vertical wall and a side edge resting against the bottom wall while a second panel has an outer face resting against the bottom wall and a side edge resting against the outer face of the first panel .
- the tank further comprises sections of metal angle of the sealing membrane which are welded to the end of the anchor bolts.
- An idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating vessel in which the angle structure is particularly simple to achieve.
- the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, said sealed tank comprising an external supporting structure, a thermal insulation barrier retained on the supporting structure and a sealing membrane comprising corrugations extending in two perpendicular directions and supported by the thermal insulation barrier, the thermal insulation barrier having a corner structure disposed at an intersection between a first and a second wall of the supporting structure, said structure of angle comprising first and second heat-insulating panels each having an outer face disposed opposite the supporting structure, an inner face provided with an anchoring member of the sealing membrane and lateral edges, the first panel having an outer surface resting against the first wall of the supporting structure and a lateral edge resting against the second wall of the carrier structure and the second panel having an outer face resting against the second wall of the carrier structure and a side edge resting against the inner face of the first panel.
- the corner structure of the thermal insulation barrier comprises two easily transportable panels.
- the manufacture of such an angle structure is simplified.
- Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
- FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- a vessel for the transport of a fluid comprises a double hull and a said tank, in which the double hull forms the external bearing structure of the tank.
- the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump to train a fluid flow through the isolated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- a sealed and thermally insulating tank structure comprising, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a carrier structure 1, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 2, a secondary sealing membrane 3, a primary thermally insulating barrier 4 and a primary sealing membrane 5 intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
- the supporting structure 1 can in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or more generally any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
- the supporting structure 1 may in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
- the supporting structure 1 comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank.
- the supporting structure 1 comprises a first wall 6 forming the bottom of the tank and a second wall 7 forming a vertical partition of the tank.
- the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2 comprises a plurality of insulation blocks 8, 9 disposed on the surface of the walls 6, 7 of the supporting structure 1 and anchored on said supporting structure 1 by means of resin strands, not illustrated, and / or welded studs on the carrier structure 1, not shown.
- the insulation blocks 8, 9 comprise an insulating polymer foam layer 10 sandwiched between an inner rigid plate 11 and an outer rigid plate 12.
- the inner rigid plates 11 and outer 12 are, for example plywood boards bonded to said foam layer 10.
- the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane foam, possibly of high density and optionally reinforced with glass fibers.
- the insulation blocks 8, 9 are hatched on the perspective representation of the figure 5 .
- the insulation blocks 8, 9 have substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the insulation blocks 8, 9 have, according to their two axes of symmetry, a metal connecting strip 14, which is placed in a recess and is fixed by screws, rivets, staples or glue. In the crossing zone of the metal connecting strips 14, a stud 15 protruding inwards and allowing the fixing of the primary thermal insulation barrier 4 has been formed.
- the secondary sealing membrane 3 is obtained by assembling a plurality of metal plates 16a, 16b welded edge to edge and having a substantially rectangular shape. Outside the corner zone, the metal plates 16a comprise, in each of the two axes of symmetry of this rectangle, a corrugation 17 forming a relief in the direction of the supporting structure 1.
- the metal plates 16a are here arranged in a staggered manner. relative to the insulation blocks 8, 9 such that each of said metal plates 16a straddles four adjacent insulation blocks 8, 9.
- the corrugations 17 form a relief in the direction of the supporting structure 1 and are housed in gaps of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2 formed between two adjacent insulation blocks 8, 9.
- the adjacent metal plates 16a are welded together.
- the maintenance of metal plates 16a on the insulating blocks 8, 9 is achieved by means of metal bonding strips 14 on which at least two edges of said metal plates 16a are welded.
- the secondary waterproofing membrane 3 comprises metal plates 16b ensuring the junction of the secondary waterproofing membrane 3 to the corner structure and whose width may be different from that of the other metal plates 16a so to adapt to the dimensions of the corner structure.
- the metal plates 16b are also provided with two perpendicular corrugations 17 forming a relief in the direction of the supporting structure 1 and extending respectively in a gap 13 between the insulation blocks 8, 9 and panels 18, 19 forming the structure. angle of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2 and in a gap between two adjacent insulation blocks 8, 9.
- the metal plates 16a, 16b of the secondary sealing membrane 3 are, for example, made of Invar ®: an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1.5 ⁇ 10 -6 and 2 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 .
- Said corner structure comprises heat-insulating panels 18, 19, respectively horizontal and vertical, of rectangular parallelepipedal shape. Similar to the insulation blocks 8, 9 described above, the panels 18, 19 of the corner structure comprise an insulating polymer foam layer sandwiched between two rigid inner and outer plywood plates, for example, glued together. on said foam layer.
- a horizontal panel 18 is positioned horizontally against the supporting structure 1 so that its outer face rests against the first wall 6 and one of its lateral edges 20 rests against the second wall 7.
- the angle formed between the outer face of a horizontal panel 18 and its side edge 20 is equal to the angle formed at the intersection between the walls 6, 7, or 90 ° in the embodiment shown.
- a horizontal panel 18 is fixed to the supporting structure 1, for example by gluing the outer face of said panel 18 and, optionally, its lateral edge 20 respectively against the horizontal wall 6 and the vertical wall 7.
- the side edge 20 of a horizontal panel 18 resting against the vertical wall 7 is provided with a plywood plate.
- a plywood plate makes it easier to place the panel 18 and / or improves the effectiveness of the bonding of the lateral edge 20 of the panel 18 against the vertical wall 7 of the supporting structure 1 when said lateral edge 20 is glued to the supporting structure 1.
- a vertical panel 19 is positioned against the carrier structure 1 so that its outer face rests against the wall 7 and its lower side edge 21 rests against the inner face of the vertical panel 18.
- the angle formed between the lower side edge 21 of the vertical panel 19 and its outer face is, therefore, equal to the angle formed between the wall 7 of the carrier structure 1 and the inner face of the first panel 18, or 90 ° in the embodiment shown .
- the second panel 19 is fixed to the supporting structure 1 by bonding its outer face against the wall 7.
- the panels 18 and 19 have on their inner face metal connecting strips 22. These metal connecting strips 22 extend along an axis parallel to the edge formed at the intersection between the walls 6, 7. metal connecting strips 22 are used for anchoring the metal plates 16b ensuring the junction of the secondary sealing membrane 3 to the corner structure.
- the metal bonding strips 22 are retained in a recess 27, shown in FIG. figure 3 which is formed in the internal rigid plate of the panels 18, 19.
- the metal connecting strips 22 are fixed to the internal rigid plate of the panels 18, 19 by means of fasteners, not shown, passing through through the openings in the metal connecting strips 22.
- the fasteners are for example rivets or screws.
- the metal bonding strips 22 are mounted with a sliding play j in a direction transverse to the direction of said metal bonding strips 22.
- the sliding play j illustrated in FIG. figure 3 , is of the order of 5mm.
- Such a sliding clearance allows a movement of the metal connecting strip 22 in the plane of the panel 18, 19, in the direction opposite to the supporting structure 1, during the cold setting of the tank, under the effect of thermal contractions of the secondary sealing membrane 3.
- the sliding clearance of the metal bonding strips 22 makes it possible to limit the stresses resulting from the thermal contraction.
- the orifices formed in the metal connecting strips 22 for the passage of the fasteners have an oblong shape whose greatest length extends in a direction transverse to the direction of the metal bonding strips 22 so to allow sliding in the aforementioned direction.
- the metal plates 16b On both sides of the corner structure, the metal plates 16b, at the edge of the wall, have edges which are welded along the said metal connecting strips 22, the other edges of the said metal plates 16b being welded with overlap with the edges of the adjacent metal plates 16a, 16b.
- an angle iron 23 having an L-shaped section comprising two perpendicular flanges, extends between a metal bonding strip 22 fixed to the internal face of a horizontal panel 18 and a metal bonding strip 22 fixed to the internal face. of a vertical panel 19 so as to seal the secondary sealing membrane 3 at the corner area.
- the angle 23 is, for example, made in Invar ®.
- the angle 23 is welded by overlap on the edges of the metal plates 16b which are welded to the metal bonding strips 22.
- the panels 18, 19 furthermore comprise studs 24 projecting towards the inside of the tank and making it possible to fix the primary thermal insulation barrier 4 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2.
- the base of the studs is welded on metal plates 25, fixed to said panels 18, 19, by screws, rivets, staples or glue.
- the metal bonding strips 22 are formed of discontinuous juxtaposed segments and the metal plates 25 supporting the studs 24 are arranged, in the axis of said metal bonding strips 22, between two of their adjacent segments.
- the edges of the angle 23 and the edges of the metal plates 16b are provided with cutouts 26 for the passage of the studs 24.
- cutouts 26 for the passage of the studs 24.
- the panels 18 and 19 have a length l and a thickness e identical while the width L1 of the vertical panel 18 is greater than the width L2 of the horizontal panel 19.
- the width L1 of the horizontal panel 18 is equal to the sum of the width L2 of the vertical panel 19 and the thickness e of said panels 18, 19.
- a plurality of horizontal panels 18 and vertical panels 19 may be disposed along the intersection between the first and second walls 6, 7.
- a gap 28 is formed between the vertical panels 18 and adjacent horizontal 19 and a metal joining piece, not shown, provides sealing between two brackets 23 adjacent.
- a metal joining piece has substantially an L shape and comprises a corrugation extending along the gap 28, in the extension of a corrugation of the adjacent metal plates 16b and projecting inside said gap 28
- Said connecting piece is welded at the two ends of the corrugation to the edges of the metal plates 16b and have, on either side of said corrugation, flat edges allowing welding of said metal joining piece on the angles 23 adjacent.
- the figures 7 , 8a, 8b and 8c illustrate more particularly the arrangement of the primary thermal insulation barrier 4 and the primary waterproofing membrane 5.
- the primary thermal insulation barrier 4 comprises a plurality of heat-insulating panels 29a, 29b, 29c of substantially rectangular parallelepipedal shape covering the secondary sealing membrane 3.
- the heat-insulating panels 29a, 29b, 29c comprise a layer of insulating polymer foam taken into consideration. sandwich between two rigid inner and outer plates, of plywood for example, glued on said layer of foam.
- heat-insulating panels 29a, 29b, 29c of the primary thermal insulation barrier 4 also have on their inner face metal bonding strips 33 for anchoring, by welding, the primary sealing barrier 5.
- the primary waterproofing membrane 5 is obtained by assembling a plurality of metal plates 34, welded to each other along their edges.
- the metal plates 34 comprise two series of corrugations extending in perpendicular directions.
- the corrugations of the primary waterproofing membrane 5 protrude from the side of the inner face of the metal plates 34.
- the metal plates 34 are, for example, made of stainless steel sheet or aluminum, shaped by folding or by stamping.
- the metal plates 34 are offset from the heat-insulating panels 29a, 29b, 29c, each of said metal plates extending over four adjacent heat-insulating panels 29a, 29b, 29c.
- a horizontal panel 29a has an outer face resting against the secondary sealing membrane 3 and a lateral edge 35 resting against the vertical flange of the angle plate 23.
- a vertical panel 29b has an outer face resting against the secondary sealing membrane 3 while a 36 of its lateral edges rests against the inner surface of the horizontal panel 29a.
- the vertical panels 29a and horizontal 29b have at their corners, a recess of the insulating foam and the inner rigid plate relative to the outer rigid plate.
- the outer rigid plate furthermore has a cutout allowing the stud 24 to pass therethrough.
- a nut, not shown, mounted on the threaded stud 24 is able to retain the rigid plate external to the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2.
- the vertical panels 29a and horizontal 29b have orifices 39 allowing the passage of studs 24.
- the orifice 39 has a shoulder, not shown, to serve as a support for a nut screwed on a stud bolt 24, introduced through the orifice 39.
- a nut screwed on the stud bolt 24 abuts against said shoulder so as to secure the panels 29a, 29b.
- the primary waterproofing membrane 5 comprises at the level of the corner zone a corrugated metal angle 37 illustrated in FIG. Figure 9c .
- the corrugated angle 37 has corrugations 38, orthogonal to the walls 6, 7 extending in the extension of one of the series of corrugations of the metal plates 34.
- the edges of the corrugated angle 37 are welded overlap with the adjacent edges metal plates 34 and with the edges of corrugated brackets 37 adjacent. At least two of the edges of the corrugated angle are anchored on metal connecting strips 33 of the panels 29a, 29b.
- a cutaway view of a LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
- the wall of the tank 71 has a sealed barrier primary material intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary watertight barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
- loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
- the figure 9 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
- the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
- the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers.
- a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
- the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
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Description
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des cuves, étanches et thermiquement isolantes, à membranes pour le stockage et/ou le transport de fluide, tel qu'un fluide cryogénique.The invention relates to the field of tanks, sealed and thermally insulating, membranes for storing and / or transporting fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
Des cuves étanches et thermiquement isolées à membranes sont notamment employées pour le stockage de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), qui est stocké, à pression atmosphérique, à environ -162°C. Ces cuves peuvent être installées à terre ou sur un ouvrage flottant. Dans le cas d'un ouvrage flottant, la cuve peut être destinée au transport de gaz naturel liquéfié ou à recevoir du gaz naturel liquéfié servant de carburant pour la propulsion de l'ouvrage flottant.Watertight and thermally insulated membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -162 ° C. These tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied natural gas or to receive liquefied natural gas used as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
Le document
Une telle structure d'angle pré-assemblée comporte deux plaques isolantes biseautées, raccordées au moyen d'un raccord d'angle et formant la barrière d'isolation secondaire, un membrane souple reposant sur les plaques isolantes de la barrière d'isolation secondaire et constituant la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire, et deux autres plaques isolantes biseautés, raccordées au moyen d'un raccord d'angle et formant la barrière d'isolation primaire. Une telle structure d'angle est avantageuse en ce qu'elle permet un pré-assemblage en atelier des structures d'angle. Toutefois, en contrepartie, ces structures d'angles sont lourdes et encombrantes ce qui rend leur transport et leur manutention difficiles. Elles sont, en outre, relativement complexes à fabriquer.Such a pre-assembled angle structure comprises two beveled insulating plates, connected by means of a corner connection and forming the secondary insulation barrier, a flexible membrane resting on the insulating plates of the secondary insulation barrier and constituting the secondary sealing barrier, and two other beveled insulating plates, connected by means of a corner connector and forming the primary insulation barrier. Such an angle structure is advantageous in that it allows a pre-assembly in the workshop of corner structures. However, in return, these angle structures are heavy and bulky which makes their transport and handling difficult. They are, moreover, relatively complex to manufacture.
Le document
La cuve comporte une structure d'angle comportant deux panneaux calorifuges qui présentent chacun sur leur face interne des goujons d'ancrage de la barrière d'étanchéité. Un premier panneau présente une face externe reposant contre la paroi verticale et un bord latéral reposant contre la paroi de fond alors qu'un second panneau présente une face externe reposant contre la paroi de fond et un bord latéral reposant contre la face externe du premier panneau.The tank comprises an angle structure comprising two heat-insulated panels which each have on their inner face anchoring pins of the sealing barrier. A first panel has an outer face resting against the vertical wall and a side edge resting against the bottom wall while a second panel has an outer face resting against the bottom wall and a side edge resting against the outer face of the first panel .
La cuve comporte en outre des tronçons de cornière métallique de la membrane d'étanchéité qui sont soudés à l'extrémité des goujons d'ancrage.The tank further comprises sections of metal angle of the sealing membrane which are welded to the end of the anchor bolts.
Une idée à la base de l'invention est de proposer une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante dans laquelle la structure d'angle est particulièrement simple à réaliser.An idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating vessel in which the angle structure is particularly simple to achieve.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un fluide, ladite cuve étanche comportant une structure porteuse externe, une barrière d'isolation thermique retenue sur la structure porteuse et une membrane d'étanchéité comportant des ondulations s'étendant selon deux directions perpendiculaires et supportée par la barrière d'isolation thermique, la barrière d'isolation thermique comportant une structure d'angle disposée à une intersection entre une première et une seconde parois de la structure porteuse, ladite structure d'angle comportant un premier et un second panneaux calorifuges présentant chacun une face externe disposée en vis-à-vis de la structure porteuse, une face interne pourvue d'un organe d'ancrage de la membrane d'étanchéité et des bords latéraux, le premier panneau présentant une face externe reposant contre la première paroi de la structure porteuse et un bord latéral reposant contre la seconde paroi de la structure porteuse et le second panneau présentant une face externe reposant contre la seconde paroi de la structure porteuse et un bord latéral reposant contre la face interne du premier panneau.According to one embodiment, the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, said sealed tank comprising an external supporting structure, a thermal insulation barrier retained on the supporting structure and a sealing membrane comprising corrugations extending in two perpendicular directions and supported by the thermal insulation barrier, the thermal insulation barrier having a corner structure disposed at an intersection between a first and a second wall of the supporting structure, said structure of angle comprising first and second heat-insulating panels each having an outer face disposed opposite the supporting structure, an inner face provided with an anchoring member of the sealing membrane and lateral edges, the first panel having an outer surface resting against the first wall of the supporting structure and a lateral edge resting against the second wall of the carrier structure and the second panel having an outer face resting against the second wall of the carrier structure and a side edge resting against the inner face of the first panel.
Ainsi, la structure d'angle de la barrière d'isolation thermique comporte deux panneaux facilement transportables. En outre, la fabrication d'une telle structure d'angle est simplifiée.Thus, the corner structure of the thermal insulation barrier comprises two easily transportable panels. In addition, the manufacture of such an angle structure is simplified.
Selon des modes de réalisation, une telle cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.
- les premier et second panneaux comportent chacun une plaque de contreplaqué interne et une plaque de contreplaqué externe définissant respectivement la face interne et la face externe desdits premier et second panneaux et une couche de mousse polymère isolante prise en sandwich entre lesdites plaques de contreplaqué interne et externe.
- le bord latéral du premier panneau reposant contre la seconde paroi est pourvu d'une plaque de contreplaqué.
- la face externe du premier panneau reposant contre la première paroi, le bord latéral du premier panneau reposant contre la seconde paroi et la face externe du second panneau reposant contre la seconde paroi sont collés à la structure porteuse.
- le premier et le second panneaux comprennent chacun, sur leur face interne, un organe d'ancrage de la membrane d'étanchéité comprenant une bande de liaison métallique s'étendant selon un axe, parallèle à l'intersection entre la première et la seconde parois , ladite membrane d'étanchéité comportant des plaques métalliques s'étendant de part et d'autre de ladite structure d'angle et une cornière s'étendant entre une bande de liaison métallique du premier panneau et une bande de liaison métallique du second panneau, les plaques métalliques présentant des bords soudés aux bandes de liaison métalliques ou à la cornière, ladite cornière présentant des bords soudés aux bords des plaques métalliques soudés auxdites bandes de liaison métalliques ou aux bandes de liaison métalliques.
- une bande de liaison métallique est retenue dans un évidement formé sur la face interne du premier ou du second panneau et monté dans ledit évidement avec un jeu j de coulissement selon une direction transversale à la direction de ladite bande de liaison métallique de sorte à autoriser un mouvement de la bande de liaison métallique, respectivement dans le plan du premier ou du second panneau.
- la barrière d'isolation thermique est une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire et la membrane d'étanchéité est une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, la cuve comportant en outre une barrière d'isolation thermique primaire et une membrane d'étanchéité primaire.
- les premier et second panneaux sont équipés de goujons de fixation de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire, faisant saillie vers l'intérieur à partir de la face interne desdits premier et second panneaux.
- les goujons de fixation de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire s'étendent dans l'axe de l'une des bandes de liaison métalliques et les bords des plaques métalliques soudés aux bandes de liaison métalliques et/ou à la cornière et les bords de la cornière soudés aux bandes de liaison métalliques et/ou à des bords des plaques métalliques soudés auxdites bandes de liaison métalliques sont pourvus de découpes pour le passage des goujons de fixation de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire.
- la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire comporte, à l'intersection entre la première et la seconde parois de la structure porteuse, une structure d'angle comprenant un premier et un second panneaux d'isolation thermique primaire comportant chacun une face externe disposée en vis-à-vis de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire, une face interne pourvue d'un organe d'ancrage de la membrane d'étanchéité primaire et des bords latéraux, le premier panneau d'isolation thermique primaire présentant un bord latéral reposant contre la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire et le second panneau d'isolation thermique primaire comportant un bord latéral reposant contre la face interne du premier panneau d'isolation thermique primaire.
- l'angle formé entre la première et la seconde paroi est de 90°.
- la première paroi est une paroi horizontale et la seconde paroi est une paroi verticale.
- the first and second panels each comprise an inner plywood plate and an outer plywood plate defining respectively the inner face and the outer face of said first and second panels and an insulating polymeric foam layer sandwiched between said inner and outer plywood plates; .
- the side edge of the first panel resting against the second wall is provided with a plywood plate.
- the outer face of the first panel resting against the first wall, the lateral edge of the first panel resting against the second wall and the outer face of the second panel resting against the second wall are glued to the supporting structure.
- the first and second panels each comprise, on their inner face, an anchoring member of the sealing membrane comprising a metallic connecting strip extending along an axis, parallel to the intersection between the first and second walls; said sealing membrane having metal plates extending on either side of said corner structure and an angle extending between a metal bonding strip of the first panel and a metal bonding strip of the second panel, the metal plates having edges welded to the metal bonding strips or the angle, said bracket having edges welded to the edges of the metal plates welded to said metal bonding strips or metal bonding strips.
- a metal bonding strip is retained in a recess formed on the inner face of the first or second panel and mounted in said recess with a sliding clearance in a direction transverse to the direction of said metal bonding strip so as to allow a movement of the metal bonding strip, respectively in the plane of the first or the second panel.
- the thermal insulation barrier is a secondary thermal insulation barrier and the waterproofing membrane is a secondary waterproofing membrane, the tank further comprising a primary thermal insulation barrier and a primary waterproofing membrane.
- the first and second panels are provided with studs for securing the primary thermal insulation barrier, projecting inwardly from the inner face of said first and second panels.
- the fixing studs of the primary thermal insulation barrier extend in the axis of one of the metal bonding strips and the edges of the metal plates welded to the metal bonding strips and / or the angle and the edges of the the angle welded to the metal binding strips and / or at the edges metal plates welded to said metal bonding strips are provided with cutouts for the passage of the fastening studs of the primary thermal insulation barrier.
- the primary thermal insulation barrier comprises, at the intersection between the first and the second walls of the supporting structure, an angle structure comprising a first and a second primary thermal insulation panel each having an outer face arranged in a screw with respect to the secondary sealing membrane, an inner face provided with an anchoring member of the primary sealing membrane and lateral edges, the first primary thermal insulation panel having a lateral edge resting against the secondary sealing membrane and the second primary thermal insulation panel having a lateral edge resting against the inner face of the first primary thermal insulation panel.
- the angle formed between the first and the second wall is 90 °.
- the first wall is a horizontal wall and the second wall is a vertical wall.
Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres.Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un navire pour le transport d'un fluide comporte une double coque et une cuve précitée, dans lequel la double coque forme la structure porteuse externe de la cuve.According to one embodiment, a vessel for the transport of a fluid comprises a double hull and a said tank, in which the double hull forms the external bearing structure of the tank.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un fluide à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un fluide, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entrainer un flux de fluide à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump to train a fluid flow through the isolated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés.
- La
figure 1 est une vue, en coupe, d'une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant deux membranes d'étanchéité et deux barrières d'isolation thermique, au niveau d'une zone d'angle. - La
figure 2 est une vue en coupe illustrant une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire au niveau d'une zone d'angle. - La
figure 3 est une vue détaillée de la zone III de lafigure 2 . - La
figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'une structure d'angle de barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire et d'une cornière destinée à être rapportée contre ladite structure d'angle. - La
figure 5 est une vue en perspective, partiellement arrachée d'une barrière d'étanchéité secondaire et d'une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire. - Les
figures 6a, 6b et 6c sont respectivement des vues détaillées des zones Via, Vlb et VIc de lafigure 5 . - La
figure 7 est une vue en perspective, partiellement arrachée d'une cuve présentant une membrane d'étanchéité primaire, une barrière d'isolation thermique primaire, une membrane d'étanchéité secondaire et une barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire. - La
figure 8a, 8b et 8c sont respectivement des vues détaillées des zones VIIIa, Vlllb et VIIIc de lafigure 7 . - La
figure 9 est une représentation schématique écorchée d'une cuve de navire méthanier et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve.
- The
figure 1 is a view, in section, of a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising two sealing membranes and two thermal insulation barriers, at a corner area. - The
figure 2 is a sectional view illustrating a secondary thermal insulation barrier at a corner area. - The
figure 3 is a detailed view of zone III of thefigure 2 . - The
figure 4 is a perspective view of a secondary thermal insulation barrier angle structure and an angle bracket to be attached to said corner structure. - The
figure 5 is a perspective view partially broken away of a secondary sealing barrier and a secondary thermal insulation barrier. - The
Figures 6a, 6b and 6c are respectively detailed views of the areas Via, Vlb and VIc of thefigure 5 . - The
figure 7 is a perspective view partially broken away of a tank having a primary waterproofing membrane, a primary thermal insulation barrier, a secondary waterproofing membrane and a secondary thermal insulation barrier. - The
Figure 8a, 8b and 8c are respectively detailed views of zones VIIIa, VIIIb and VIIIc of thefigure 7 . - The
figure 9 is a cutaway schematic representation of a tank of LNG tanker and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
Par convention, les termes «externe » et « interne » sont utilisés pour définir la position relative d'un élément par rapport à un autre, par référence à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la cuve.By convention, the terms "external" and "internal" are used to define the relative position of one element relative to another, with reference to the interior and exterior of the vessel.
En se reportant à la
La structure porteuse 1 peut notamment être une tôle métallique autoporteuse ou plus généralement tout type de cloison rigide présentant des propriétés mécaniques appropriées. La structure porteuse 1 peut notamment être formée par la coque ou la double coque d'un navire. La structure porteuse 1 comporte une pluralité de parois définissant la forme générale de la cuve.The supporting
Au niveau de la zone d'angle représentée sur la
La barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 2 comporte une pluralité de blocs d'isolation 8, 9 disposés sur la surface des parois 6, 7 de la structure porteuse 1 et ancrés sur ladite structure porteuse 1 au moyen de boudins de résine, non illustrés, et/ou de goujons soudés sur la structure porteuse 1, non illustrés.The secondary
Sur les
Deux blocs d'isolation 8, 9 sont hachurés sur la représentation en perspective de la
La membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 3 est obtenue par assemblage d'une pluralité de plaques métalliques 16a, 16b soudées bord à bord et présentant une forme sensiblement rectangulaire. En dehors de la zone d'angle, les plaques métalliques 16a comportent, selon chacun des deux axes de symétrie de ce rectangle, une ondulation 17 formant un relief en direction de la structure porteuse 1. Les plaques métalliques 16a sont ici disposées de manière décalée par rapport aux blocs d'isolation 8, 9 de telle sorte que chacune desdites plaques métalliques 16a s'étende à cheval sur quatre blocs d'isolation 8, 9 adjacents. En outre, les ondulations 17 forment un relief en direction de la structure porteuse 1 et sont logées dans des interstices de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 2 ménagés entre deux blocs d'isolation 8, 9 adjacents. Les plaques métalliques 16a adjacentes sont soudées entre elles à recouvrement. Le maintien de plaques métalliques 16a sur les blocs d'isolation 8, 9 est réalisé au moyen des bandes de liaison métalliques 14 sur lesquelles on soude au moins deux bords desdites plaques métalliques 16a.The
En bordure de paroi, la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 3 comporte des plaques métalliques 16b assurant la jonction de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 3 à la structure d'angle et dont la largeur peut être différente de celle des autres plaques métalliques 16a de sorte à s'adapter aux dimensions de la structure d'angle. Les plaques métalliques 16b sont également pourvues de deux ondulations 17, perpendiculaires formant un relief en direction de la structure porteuse 1 et s'étendant respectivement dans un interstice 13 entre les blocs d'isolation 8, 9 et des panneaux 18, 19 formant la structure d'angle de la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 2 et dans un interstice entre deux blocs d'isolation 8, 9 adjacents.At the edge of the wall, the
Les plaques métalliques 16a, 16b de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 3 sont, par exemple, réalisées en Invar ® : un alliage de fer et de nickel dont le coefficient de dilatation est typiquement compris entre 1,5.10-6 et 2.10-6 K-1.The
En se reportant aux
Lors de l'assemblage de la cuve, un panneau horizontal 18 est positionné horizontalement contre la structure porteuse 1 de telle sorte que sa face externe repose contre la première paroi 6 et qu'un de ses bords latéraux 20 repose contre la seconde paroi 7. L'angle formé entre la face externe d'un panneau horizontal 18 et son bord latéral 20 est donc égal à l'angle formé à l'intersection entre les parois 6, 7, soit 90° dans le mode de réalisation représenté. Un panneau horizontal 18 est fixé à la structure porteuse 1, par exemple en collant la face externe dudit panneau 18 et, optionnellement son bord latéral 20 respectivement contre la paroi horizontale 6 et la paroi verticale 7.During assembly of the tank, a
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le bord latéral 20 d'un panneau horizontal 18 reposant contre la paroi verticale 7 est pourvu d'une plaque de contreplaqué. Une telle plaque de contreplaqué permet de faciliter la mise en place du panneau 18 et/ou permet d'améliorer l'efficacité du collage du bord latéral 20 du panneau 18 contre la paroi verticale 7 de la structure porteuse 1 lorsque ledit bord latéral 20 est collé à la structure porteuse 1.In the embodiment shown, the
Par la suite, un panneau vertical 19 est positionné contre la structure porteuse 1 de telle sorte que sa face externe repose contre la paroi 7 et que son bord latéral inférieur 21 repose contre la face interne du panneau vertical 18. L'angle formé entre le bord latéral inférieur 21 du panneau vertical 19 et sa face externe est, par conséquent, égal à l'angle formé entre la paroi 7 de la structure porteuse 1 et la face interne du premier panneau 18, soit 90° dans le mode de réalisation représenté. Le second panneau 19 est fixé à la structure porteuse 1 par collage de sa face externe contre la paroi 7.Subsequently, a
Par ailleurs, les panneaux 18 et 19 présentent sur leur face interne des bandes de liaison métalliques 22. Ces bandes de liaison métalliques 22 s'étendent selon un axe parallèle à l'arête formée à l'intersection entre les parois 6, 7. Les bandes de liaison métalliques 22 servent à l'ancrage des plaques métalliques 16b assurant la jonction de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 3 à la structure d'angle.Furthermore, the
Dans un mode de réalisation, les bandes de liaison métalliques 22 sont retenues dans un évidement 27, illustré sur le
Dans un mode de réalisation, les bandes de liaison métalliques 22 sont montées avec un jeu de coulissement j selon une direction transversale à la direction desdites bandes de liaison métalliques 22. Le jeu de coulissement j, illustré sur la
De part et d'autre de la structure d'angle, les plaques métalliques 16b, en bordure de paroi, présentent des bords qui sont soudés le long desdites bandes de liaison métalliques 22, les autres bords desdits plaques métalliques 16b étant soudés à recouvrement avec les bords des plaques métalliques 16a, 16b adjacentes.On both sides of the corner structure, the
Par ailleurs, une cornière 23, présentant une section en L comportant deux ailes perpendiculaires, s'étend entre une bande de liaison métallique 22 fixée à la face interne d'un panneau horizontal 18 et une bande de liaison métallique 22 fixée à la face interne d'un panneau vertical 19 de façon à assurer l'étanchéité de la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 3 au niveau de la zone d'angle. La cornière 23 est, par exemple, réalisée en Invar ®. La cornière 23 est soudée par recouvrement sur les bords des plaques métalliques 16b qui sont soudés aux bandes de liaison métalliques 22.Furthermore, an
De manière alternative, il est également possible de souder la cornière 23 sur les bandes de liaison métalliques 22 puis de souder à recouvrement les bords adjacents des plaques métalliques 16b sur la cornière 23.Alternatively, it is also possible to weld the
Les panneaux 18, 19 comportent, par ailleurs, des goujons 24 faisant saillie vers l'intérieur de la cuve et permettant de fixer la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire 4 sur la barrière d'isolation thermique secondaire 2. La base des goujons est soudée sur des platines métalliques 25, fixées auxdits panneaux 18, 19, par des vis, des rivets, des agrafes ou de la colle.The
Sur la
Comme représenté de manière détaillée sur les
En relation avec la
Par ailleurs, en relation avec la
Les
La barrière d'isolation thermique primaire 4 comprend une pluralité de panneaux calorifuges 29a, 29b, 29c de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique rectangle recouvrant la membrane d'étanchéité secondaire 3. Les panneaux calorifuges 29a, 29b, 29c comportent une couche de mousse polymère isolante prise en sandwich entre deux plaques rigides interne et externe, en bois contreplaqué par exemple, collées sur ladite couche de mousse.The primary
Par ailleurs, les panneaux calorifuges 29a, 29b, 29c de la barrière d'isolation thermique primaire 4 comportent également sur leur face interne des bandes de liaison métalliques 33 permettant un ancrage, par soudage, de la barrière d'étanchéité primaire 5.Furthermore, the heat-insulating
La membrane d'étanchéité primaire 5 est obtenue par assemblage d'une pluralité de plaques métalliques 34, soudées les unes aux autres le long de leurs bords. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les plaques métalliques 34 comportent deux séries d'ondulations s'étendant selon des directions perpendiculaires. Les ondulations de la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 5 sont saillantes du côté de la face interne des plaques métalliques 34. Les plaques métalliques 34 sont, par exemple, réalisées en tôle d'acier inoxydable ou d'aluminium, mise en forme par pliage ou par emboutissage.The primary waterproofing membrane 5 is obtained by assembling a plurality of
Les plaques métalliques 34 sont décalées par rapport aux panneaux calorifuges 29a, 29b, 29c, chacune desdites plaques métalliques s'étendant à cheval sur quatre panneaux calorifuges adjacent 29a, 29b, 29c.The
En relation avec les
La fixation des panneaux 29a, 29b aux goujons 24 fixés à la membrane d'isolation thermique secondaire 2 est représenté sur les
Sur la
Sur la
Par ailleurs, la membrane d'étanchéité primaire 5 comporte au niveau de la zone d'angle une cornière métallique 37, ondulée, illustrée sur la
En référence à la
De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71.In a manner known per se, loading /
La
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en oeuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75.In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications. On notera, en particulier, que si l'invention est décrite en relation avec un mode de réalisation dans laquelle la cuve comporte deux niveaux d'étanchéité et d'isolation thermique, elle n'y est aucunement limitée et s'applique également aux cuves étanches ne comportant qu'un seul niveau d'étanchéité et d'isolation thermique.Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. It will be noted, in particular, that if the invention is described in relation to an embodiment in which the tank has two levels of sealing and thermal insulation, it is in no way limited and also applies to the tanks sealed with only one level of sealing and thermal insulation.
L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. L'usage de l'article indéfini « un » ou « une » pour un élément ou une étape n'exclut pas, sauf mention contraire, la présence d'une pluralité de tels éléments ou étapes.The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
Claims (12)
- A sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, said sealed tank comprising an outer support structure (1), a thermal insulating barrier (2) retained on the support structure (1), and a sealing membrane (3) comprising corrugations (17) extending in two perpendicular directions and supported by the thermal insulating barrier (2), the thermal insulating barrier (2) comprising a corner structure positioned at an intersection between a first and a second wall (6, 7) of the support structure (1), said corner structure comprising a first and a second insulating panel (18, 19), each having an outer surface positioned facing the support structure (1), an inner surface provided with a member (2) for securing the sealing membrane (3), and lateral edges (20, 21), the first panel (18) having an outer surface resting against the first wall (6) of the support structure and a lateral edge (20) resting against the second wall (7) of the support structure (1), and the second panel (19) having an outer surface resting against the second wall (7) of the support structure (1) and a lateral edge (21) resting against the inner surface of the first panel (18), the tank being characterized in that the first and second panels (18, 19) each comprise, on their inner surface, a member for securing the sealing membrane (3) comprising a metal connecting strip (22) extending along an axis parallel to the intersection between the first and second walls (6, 7), said sealing membrane (3) comprising metal plates (16) extending on either side of said corner structure and an angle piece (23) extending between a metal connecting strip (22) of the first panel (18) and a metal connecting strip (22) of the second panel (19), the metal plates (16) having edges welded to the metal connecting strips (22) or to the angle piece (23), said angle piece (23) having edges welded to the edges of the metal plates welded to said metal connecting strips (22), or to the metal connecting strips (22).
- The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second panels (18, 19) each comprise an inner plywood sheet (11) and an outer plywood sheet (12), forming the inner surface and the outer surface, respectively, of said first and second panels (18, 19), and a layer of insulating polymer foam (10) sandwiched between said inner (11) and outer (12) plywood sheets.
- The tank as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lateral edge (20) of the first panel (18), resting against the second wall (7), is provided with a plywood sheet.
- The tank as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outer surface of the first panel (18) resting against the first wall (6), the lateral edge (20) of the first panel (18) resting against the second wall (7), and the outer surface of the second panel (19) resting against the second wall (7) are glued to the support structure (1).
- The tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein a metal connecting strip (22) is retained in a recess formed on the inner surface of the first or second panel (18, 19), and is fitted in said recess (27) with a sliding clearance j in a direction transverse to the direction of said metal connecting strip (22), so as to allow the metal connecting strip (22) to move in the plane of the first or the second panel (18, 19) respectively.
- The tank as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the thermal insulating barrier is a secondary thermal insulating barrier (2), and the sealing membrane is a secondary sealing membrane (3), the tank further comprising a primary thermal insulating barrier (4) and a primary sealing membrane (5).
- The tank as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first and second panels (18, 19) are fitted with pins (24) for fastening the primary thermal insulating barrier (4), these pins projecting inward from the inner surfaces of said first and second panels (18, 19).
- The tank as claimed in claims 6 and 7, wherein the pins (24) for fastening the primary thermal insulating barrier extend in the axis of one of the metal connecting strips (22), and the edges of the metal plates welded to the metal connecting strips (22) and/or to the angle piece (23) and the edges of the angle piece (23) welded to the metal connecting strips (22) and/or to edges of the metal plates welded to said metal connecting strips (22) are provided with cutouts (26) for the passage of the pins (24) for fastening the primary thermal insulating barrier (4).
- The sealed tank as claimed in any of claims 6 to 8, wherein the primary thermal insulating barrier comprises, at the intersection between the first and the second wall (6, 7) of the support structure (1), a corner structure comprising a first and a second primary thermal insulating panel (29a, 29b), each having an outer surface positioned facing the secondary sealing membrane (3), an inner surface provided with a member (33) for securing the primary sealing membrane, and lateral edges, the first primary thermal insulating panel (29a) having a lateral edge (35) resting against the second sealing membrane (3), and the second primary thermal insulating panel (29b) having a lateral edge (36) resting against the inner surface of the first primary thermal insulating panel (29a).
- A ship (70) for transporting a fluid, the ship comprising a double hull (72) and a tank (71) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the double hull forms the outer support structure of the tank.
- A method for loading or unloading a ship (70) as claimed in claim 10, wherein a fluid is conveyed through insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) from or to a floating or land-based storage installation (77) to or from the tank of the ship (71).
- A transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a ship (70) as claimed in claim 10, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged so as to connect the tank (71) installed in the ship's hull to a floating or land-based storage installation (77), and a pump for propelling a flow of fluid through the insulated pipes from or to the floating or land-based storage installation to or from the ship's tank.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1353324A FR3004510B1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2013-04-12 | SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK FOR STORAGE OF A FLUID |
PCT/FR2014/050792 WO2014167213A2 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2014-04-03 | Sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2984383A2 EP2984383A2 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
EP2984383B1 true EP2984383B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14721452.2A Active EP2984383B1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2014-04-03 | Sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9677711B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2984383B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6224222B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102162020B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105283705B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2014252958B2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2629730T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3004510B1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY177753A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2015145718A (en) |
SG (1) | SG11201508341QA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014167213A2 (en) |
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-
2013
- 2013-04-12 FR FR1353324A patent/FR3004510B1/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-04-03 JP JP2016507029A patent/JP6224222B2/en active Active
- 2014-04-03 MY MYPI2015703574A patent/MY177753A/en unknown
- 2014-04-03 AU AU2014252958A patent/AU2014252958B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-04-03 WO PCT/FR2014/050792 patent/WO2014167213A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-04-03 EP EP14721452.2A patent/EP2984383B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-03 US US14/783,773 patent/US9677711B2/en active Active
- 2014-04-03 KR KR1020157030559A patent/KR102162020B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-04-03 CN CN201480020754.1A patent/CN105283705B/en active Active
- 2014-04-03 RU RU2015145718A patent/RU2015145718A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-04-03 SG SG11201508341QA patent/SG11201508341QA/en unknown
- 2014-04-03 ES ES14721452.2T patent/ES2629730T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102162020B1 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
WO2014167213A2 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
US9677711B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
KR20150141977A (en) | 2015-12-21 |
MY177753A (en) | 2020-09-23 |
JP6224222B2 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
US20160252211A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
AU2014252958A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
CN105283705A (en) | 2016-01-27 |
CN105283705B (en) | 2017-06-09 |
JP2016515978A (en) | 2016-06-02 |
RU2015145718A (en) | 2017-05-18 |
AU2014252958B2 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
FR3004510A1 (en) | 2014-10-17 |
EP2984383A2 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
SG11201508341QA (en) | 2015-11-27 |
ES2629730T3 (en) | 2017-08-14 |
WO2014167213A3 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
FR3004510B1 (en) | 2016-12-09 |
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