EP3362671B1 - Piezoelectric injector for fuel injection - Google Patents
Piezoelectric injector for fuel injection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3362671B1 EP3362671B1 EP16779084.9A EP16779084A EP3362671B1 EP 3362671 B1 EP3362671 B1 EP 3362671B1 EP 16779084 A EP16779084 A EP 16779084A EP 3362671 B1 EP3362671 B1 EP 3362671B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coupler
- nozzle needle
- piston
- piezo injector
- coupler piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
- F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
- F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
- F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
- F02M63/0077—Valve seat details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
- F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
- F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
- F02M2200/708—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with hydraulic chambers formed by a movable sleeve
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piezo injector for fuel injection, in particular for direct fuel injection in an internal combustion engine.
- a piezo injector for direct fuel injection which has a hydraulic coupler unit between the piezo actuator and the nozzle needle.
- the hydraulic coupler has a coupler piston, a coupler cylinder and a coupler spring, wherein the coupler piston is pressed by means of the coupler spring against an end face of the nozzle needle facing the coupler piston.
- the filling and pressure equalization of the coupler volume are ensured by the mating clearance between coupler piston and coupler cylinder.
- the mating clearance is designed as small as possible so that the coupler keeps the needle stroke almost constant over a control time of up to 5 ms.
- the pressure equalization between the coupler volume and the surrounding fuel volume at such a small mating game requires a certain time, which, depending on the time duration until the next injection process for influencing the coupler function with respect to the transmitted stroke.
- the coupler volume between coupler cylinder and coupler piston may not be filled up fast enough.
- US 2003/127617 A1 discloses a valve for controlling fluids for storage injection systems including a hydraulic coupler and a piezoelectric actuator.
- the hydraulic coupler includes a first piston, a second piston and a coupling chamber disposed between the two pistons.
- the piezoelectric actuator is in communication with the first piston.
- the first piston is designed substantially cup-shaped, and the second piston is arranged in a recess in the first piston.
- the coupling chamber is disposed between the second piston and an inner bottom portion of the first piston.
- a piezo injector for fuel injection which comprises a nozzle unit with a nozzle needle movably arranged in a nozzle needle, a piezoelectric actuator unit and a hydraulic coupler unit for coupling the nozzle unit with the actuator unit.
- the hydraulic coupler unit has a coupler piston, a coupler cylinder and a coupler spring.
- the coupler piston has a top side facing the coupler cylinder and a bottom side facing the nozzle needle.
- the coupler cylinder is open to the nozzle needle, preferably so that the coupler piston is exposed.
- the coupler cylinder has a bottom.
- the fact that the upper side of the coupler piston faces the coupler cylinder means, in particular, that the upper side faces the bottom of the coupler cylinder. Between the bottom of the coupler cylinder and the top of the coupler piston, the coupler volume is formed.
- the coupler piston is pressed by the coupler spring against one of the underside of the coupler piston facing end face of the nozzle needle and has a contact surface with the nozzle needle.
- the coupler piston has a through opening which provides flow communication from its bottom to its top and which is disposed within the interface with the nozzle needle.
- the passage opening extends from an opening at the top to an opening at the bottom through the coupler piston.
- the fact that the passage opening is arranged within the contact surface with the nozzle needle means in particular that the opening of the passage opening arranged on the underside completely overlaps with the nozzle needle in a plan view of the end face.
- the end face of the nozzle needle and the underside of the coupler piston are designed and arranged such that the opening of the passage opening arranged on the underside can be closed by means of the end face of the nozzle needle.
- the piezoelectric actuator unit is mechanically connected to the coupler cylinder, in particular rigidly connected, so that a change in length of the piezoelectric actuator unit causes a displacement of the coupler cylinder along a longitudinal axis.
- the function of the hydraulic coupler unit is no longer dependent on the time interval between the injections, but is very quickly available again.
- the passage opening in the coupler piston improves the fillability of the coupler volume after the initial assembly or in case of service after a change of the injector.
- the hydraulic coupler unit is arranged in particular in the nozzle body and the coupler volume can be filled by means of the fuel flowing through the nozzle body to the fuel outlet.
- the pairing game is understood to be, in particular, the lateral mating play - in particular between a circumferential side wall of the coupler cylinder and the outer surface of the coupler piston.
- a contact surface of the coupler piston with the nozzle needle is understood here and below to mean a surface on the surface of the coupler piston, in particular on its underside facing the nozzle needle, which is contacted by the nozzle needle.
- the contact can also take place along a line, in particular a circular line, so that a sealing edge is formed between the coupler piston and the nozzle needle.
- the contact surface is then understood to be the surface of the coupler piston enclosed by this line.
- the passage opening in the coupler piston is typically completely sealable by the nozzle needle.
- the passage opening thus forms, together with the nozzle needle, a valve which opens when a gap between the coupler piston and the nozzle needle remains due to the leakage of fuel from the coupler volume at the injection end.
- the geometry of the coupler piston and the end face of the nozzle needle may be flat, convex or concave.
- These different types of training and in particular their combination affect the inflow behavior of fuel.
- the radial flow area available for pressure compensation can be increased or decreased independently of the diameter of the passage opening itself.
- a newly formed contact surface and a newly formed end face of the nozzle needle have the advantage that the production is particularly simple.
- a concave contact surface together with a convex end face or vice versa a convex contact surface in connection with a concave end face has the advantage that a centering of the coupler piston and the nozzle needle takes place.
- the front side and / or the contact surface may be formed in particular spherical or conical.
- the nozzle needle is in particular designed to open outward.
- the needle seat of the nozzle needle may be formed as a conical surface, which is pressed in the nozzle body against a hollow cone surface, so that a sealing function is achieved.
- a fuel film having a thickness in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.7 mm is disposed in the hydraulic coupler unit between the coupler cylinder and the coupler volume.
- the fuel film is in particular the coupler volume.
- the fuel film is in particular between the top of the coupler piston and the bottom of the Coupling cylinder arranged.
- the thickness of the fuel film is chosen as small as possible, so that the hydraulic coupler has the greatest possible rigidity.
- the minimum thickness of the layer is determined by the required mounting tolerances and the changes in length between the piezoelectric actuator and the injector body with temperature change due to the different thermal expansion coefficients between the piezoelectric actuator and the material of the injector body, in particular steel.
- the mating clearance - in particular the lateral mating clearance - between the coupler cylinder and the coupler piston is at most 10 ⁇ m, in particular at most 2 ⁇ m.
- the piezo injector 1 according to FIG. 1 is formed in the embodiment shown for the direct injection of fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has a fuel inlet 2 and a fuel outlet 4. The fuel outlet 4 is closed by the nozzle needle 5 in the closed state of the piezo injector 1. For injection, the nozzle needle 5 opens to the outside and thus opens the fuel outlet. 4
- the nozzle needle 5 is part of the nozzle unit 3 and is movable in a nozzle body 7 along a longitudinal axis of the piezo injector.
- the transmission of the force from the actuator unit 9 to the nozzle needle 5 is effected by means of a hydraulic coupler unit 11.
- the coupler unit 11 comprises the coupler piston 13, which is movably mounted in the coupler cylinder 15 along the longitudinal axis of the piezo injector 1.
- the coupler piston 13 is pressed by means of the coupler spring 17 against a coupling piston 13 facing end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5.
- the piezoelectric actuator unit 9 is discharged and the stack of piezoelectric ceramic discs shortens again to its original length.
- the coupler cylinder 15 follows this movement.
- the coupler volume isolated by the small seal gap can not increase so that the coupler piston 13 follows the movement of the coupler cylinder 15.
- the nozzle needle 5 Since now no actuating force acts on the top of the nozzle needle 5, the nozzle needle 5 also follows the backward movement and gets back to its sealing seat.
- the contact area between the coupler piston 13 and the nozzle needle 5 is in the right half of FIG. 1 shown in detail.
- the coupler piston 13 has a contact surface 21 with the nozzle needle 5, which represents a portion of the bottom 28 and which is flat in the embodiment shown.
- the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 is also flat.
- a through hole 25 is inserted in the form of a through hole which penetrates the coupler piston 13 from an orifice on its bottom 28, where it makes contact with the nozzle needle 5, to an orifice at its top 26 and a flow connection for fuel from its bottom 28 to its top 26 provides.
- the coupler volume is arranged in the form of a fuel film.
- fuel can flow into the coupler volume and fill it up, whereby a pressure equalization between the coupler volume and the remaining fuel volume is ensured within the piezo injector.
- the piezo injector for fuel injection opens to the outside by the nozzle needle 5 is actuated by the actuator unit 9.
- the power transmission from the actuator 9 to the nozzle needle 5 by means of the hydraulic coupler unit 11 takes place.
- the thin fuel layer with a thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm.
- the force provided by the actuator unit 9 returns to zero.
- the nozzle spring 19 pushes the nozzle needle 5 back up to its closed position. Since the coupler spring 17th is designed sufficiently weak, it comes to injection end to a gap between the coupler cylinder 15 and the coupler piston 13. The coupler piston 13 is lifted from the nozzle needle 5. The passage opening 25 is thereby released and fuel can flow from the fuel volume within the piezo injector 1 in the coupler volume between coupler cylinder 15 and coupler piston 13.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the piezo injector 1 according to FIG. 1 , This embodiment differs from that in FIG FIG. 1 shown first embodiment in that the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 is convex.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a piezo injector 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- This embodiment differs from that in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown in that the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 is formed spherically convex and the contact surface 21 of the coupler piston 13 is conically concave. In this case, the radius of curvature of the end face 23 is smaller than that of the contact surface 21.
- Both surfaces could also be spherical or conical. Via a variation of the contact diameter, the radial filling gap can be adjusted.
- FIG. 4 shows a piezo injector 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- This embodiment differs from the embodiments shown in the previous figures in that the contact surface 21 of the coupler piston 13 is concave and the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 is flat.
- the nozzle needle 5 touches the coupler piston 13 only in a circular area at its edge. In this embodiment, a relatively large radial flow area is available for pressure equalization.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a detail of a piezo injector 1 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
- the contact surface 21 of the coupler piston 13 is formed flat, the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5, however, convex, in the form of a projecting into the through hole 25 conical tip.
- a centering of the nozzle needle 5 is achieved.
- FIG. 6 shows details of a piezo injector 1 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
- the contact surface 21 of the coupler piston 13 is formed flat, the end face 23 of the nozzle needle, however, concave, in the form of a hollow cone. It could also be spherical.
- no centering of the nozzle needle 5 is achieved, but a relatively large radial flow area.
- FIG. 7 shows a detail of a piezo injector 1 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
- both the contact surface 21 of the coupler piston 13 and the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 formed flat.
- a centering of the nozzle needle 5 is provided to the coupler piston 13, in the form of a recess 27 in the coupler piston 13, in which the nozzle needle 5 enters.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 show details of piezoelectric injectors 1 according to an eighth, ninth and tenth embodiments of the invention, in which each of the contact surfaces 21 of the coupler piston 13 are concave, in the form of a hollow cone.
- the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 is convex, in the form of a cone whose opening angle is exactly adapted to that of the hollow cone of the contact surface 21, so that there is a good centering.
- the end face 23 is concave, in the form of a hollow cone.
- it could also be spherical.
- the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 is flat.
- FIGS. 11 to 13 show details of piezoelectric injectors 1 according to an eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth embodiment of the invention, in which each of the contact surface 21 of the coupler piston 23 is formed convex, in the form of a cone.
- the contact surfaces 21 could also be spherical.
- the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 is convex, and spherical. It could also have a cone shape.
- the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5 is concave, in the form of a hollow cone. It could also be designed in the form of a hollow sphere.
- the end face 23 of the nozzle needle is flat.
- the individual embodiments thus differ only by the geometry of the contact surface 21 of the coupler piston 13 and the end face 23 of the nozzle needle 5.
- the pressure compensation radial flow surfaces can be adapted to the requirements.
- a centering and / or an angle compensation of the nozzle needle and the coupler piston to each other can be made possible as needed.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Piezo-Injektor zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung, insbesondere zur Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung in einen Verbrennungsmotor.The invention relates to a piezo injector for fuel injection, in particular for direct fuel injection in an internal combustion engine.
Aus der
Bei einem derartigen Piezo-Injektor werden die Befüllung und der Druckausgleich des Kopplervolumens durch das Paarungsspiel zwischen Kopplerkolben und Kopplerzylinder gewährleistet. Das Paarungsspiel wird möglichst klein ausgelegt, damit der Koppler über eine Ansteuerzeit von bis zu 5 ms den Nadelhub nahezu konstant hält. Allerdings erfordert der Druckausgleich zwischen dem Kopplervolumen und dem umgebenden Kraftstoffvolumen bei einem derart geringen Paarungsspiel eine gewisse Zeit, was in Abhängigkeit von der Zeitdauer bis zum nächsten Einspritzvorgang zur Beeinflussung der Kopplerfunktion in Bezug auf den übertragenen Hub führt. Das Kopplervolumen zwischen Kopplerzylinder und Kopplerkolben kann somit möglicherweise nicht schnell genug aufgefüllt werden.In such a piezo injector, the filling and pressure equalization of the coupler volume are ensured by the mating clearance between coupler piston and coupler cylinder. The mating clearance is designed as small as possible so that the coupler keeps the needle stroke almost constant over a control time of up to 5 ms. However, the pressure equalization between the coupler volume and the surrounding fuel volume at such a small mating game requires a certain time, which, depending on the time duration until the next injection process for influencing the coupler function with respect to the transmitted stroke. Thus, the coupler volume between coupler cylinder and coupler piston may not be filled up fast enough.
Teilweise wird bereits versucht, durch die Anbringung einer Bohrung mit Rückschlagventil im Kopplerkolben oder im Kopplerzylinder eine raschere Befüllung des Kopplervolumens nach einem Einspritzvorgang zu erreichen. Dies ist jedoch aufwändig. Zudem kann es zu Problemen mit unerwünschten Resonanzen an dem Ventil kommen.In some cases, the attachment of a bore with a check valve in the coupler piston or in the coupler cylinder has already tried to replenish the coupler volume more rapidly to achieve an injection process. However, this is expensive. In addition, there may be problems with unwanted resonances on the valve.
- mit einer in einen Düsenkörper hubverstellbar gelagerten Düsennadel zum Steuern der Einspritzung von unter Einspritzdruck stehendem Kraftstoff durch wenigstens ein Spritzloch,
- mit einer Kopplerkolbenanordnung, die mit einem Aktor antriebsverbunden ist und eine Kopplerfläche aufweist,
- wobei die Düsennadel oder ein die Düsennadel aufweisender Nadelverband eine Steuerfläche aufweist, die mit der Kopplerfläche hydraulisch gekoppelt ist.
- dass ein Mitnehmerkolben vorgesehen ist, der eine Mitnehmerfläche aufweist, die mit der Steuerfläche hydraulisch gekoppelt ist,
- dass eine Mitnehmerkopplung vorgesehen ist, die bei einem Öffnungshub des Aktors erst ab einem Schalthub Zugkräfte von der Kopplerkolbenanordnung auf den Mitnehmerkolben überträgt und den Mitnehmerkolben mitnimmt.
- with a jet needle mounted so as to be adjustable in stroke in a nozzle body for controlling the injection of fuel under injection pressure through at least one spray hole,
- a coupler piston assembly drivingly connected to an actuator and having a coupler face,
- wherein the nozzle needle or a needle assembly having the nozzle needle has a control surface which is hydraulically coupled to the coupler surface.
- a driver piston is provided which has a driver surface which is hydraulically coupled to the control surface,
- that a driver coupling is provided, which in an opening stroke of the actuator only from a switching stroke tensile forces of the coupler piston assembly transmits to the driver piston and entrains the driver piston.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Piezo-Injektor anzugeben, der auch im Falle von Mehrfacheinspritzungen zuverlässig und gleichzeitig robust ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide a piezo injector which is reliable and at the same time robust even in the case of multiple injections.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch den Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung wird ein Piezo-Injektor zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung angegeben, der eine Düseneinheit mit einer in einem Düsenkörper beweglich angeordneten Düsennadel, eine piezo-elektrische Aktuatoreinheit sowie eine hydraulische Kopplereinheit zur Kopplung der Düseneinheit mit der Aktuatoreinheit umfasst. Die hydraulische Kopplereinheit weist einen Kopplerkolben, einen Kopplerzylinder und eine Kopplerfeder auf.According to one aspect of the invention, a piezo injector for fuel injection is disclosed, which comprises a nozzle unit with a nozzle needle movably arranged in a nozzle needle, a piezoelectric actuator unit and a hydraulic coupler unit for coupling the nozzle unit with the actuator unit. The hydraulic coupler unit has a coupler piston, a coupler cylinder and a coupler spring.
Der Kopplerkolben hat eine dem Kopplerzylinder zugewandte Oberseite und eine der Düsennadel zugewandte Unterseite. Insbesondere ist der Kopplerzylinder zur Düsennadel hin offen, vorzugsweise so dass der Kopplerkolben frei liegt. An der von der Düsennadel abgewandten Seite hat der Kopplerzylinder einen Boden. Dass die Oberseite des Kopplerkolbens dem Kopplerzylinder zugewandt ist, bedeutet insbesondere, dass die Oberseite dem Boden des Kopplerzylinders zugewandt ist. Zwischen dem Boden des Kopplerzylinders und der Oberseite des Kopplerkolbens ist das Kopplervolumen ausgebildet.The coupler piston has a top side facing the coupler cylinder and a bottom side facing the nozzle needle. In particular, the coupler cylinder is open to the nozzle needle, preferably so that the coupler piston is exposed. At the side facing away from the nozzle needle, the coupler cylinder has a bottom. The fact that the upper side of the coupler piston faces the coupler cylinder means, in particular, that the upper side faces the bottom of the coupler cylinder. Between the bottom of the coupler cylinder and the top of the coupler piston, the coupler volume is formed.
Der Kopplerkolben wird durch die Kopplerfeder gegen eine der Unterseite des Kopplerkolbens zugewandte Stirnseite der Düsennadel gedrückt und weist eine Berührungsfläche mit der Düsennadel auf. Der Kopplerkolben weist eine Durchgangsöffnung auf, die eine Fließverbindung von seiner Unterseite bis zu seiner Oberseite bereitstellt und die innerhalb der Berührungsfläche mit der Düsennadel angeordnet ist.The coupler piston is pressed by the coupler spring against one of the underside of the coupler piston facing end face of the nozzle needle and has a contact surface with the nozzle needle. The coupler piston has a through opening which provides flow communication from its bottom to its top and which is disposed within the interface with the nozzle needle.
Bei einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung erstreckt sich die Durchgangsöffnung von einer Mündung an der Oberseite bis zu einer Mündung an der Unterseite durch den Kopplerkolben. Dass die Durchgangsöffnung innerhalb der Berührungsfläche mit der Düsennadel angeordnet ist bedeutet dabei insbesondere, dass die an der Unterseite angeordnete Mündung der Durchgangsöffnung in Draufsicht auf die Stirnseite vollständig mit der Düsennadel überlappt. Insbesondere sind die Stirnseite der Düsennadel und die Unterseite des Kopplerkolbens derart ausgebildet und angeordnet, dass die an der Unterseite angeordnete Mündung der Durchgangsöffnung mittels der Stirnseite der Düsennadel verschließbar ist.In an expedient embodiment, the passage opening extends from an opening at the top to an opening at the bottom through the coupler piston. The fact that the passage opening is arranged within the contact surface with the nozzle needle means in particular that the opening of the passage opening arranged on the underside completely overlaps with the nozzle needle in a plan view of the end face. In particular, the end face of the nozzle needle and the underside of the coupler piston are designed and arranged such that the opening of the passage opening arranged on the underside can be closed by means of the end face of the nozzle needle.
Bei einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung ist die piezo-elektrische Aktuatoreinheit mechanisch mit dem Kopplerzylinder verbunden, insbesondere starr verbunden, so dass eine Längenänderung der piezo-elektrischen Aktuatoreinheit eine Verschiebung des Kopplerzylinders entlang einer Längsachse bewirkt. Mittels des im Kopplervolumen enthaltenen Fluids ist so eine axiale Kraft auf den Kopplerkolben übertragbar, welche dieser mittels seines formschlüssigen Kontakts als Betätigungskraft auf die Ventilnadel überträgt um die Ventilnadel aus der Schließstellung zu einer Öffnungsstellung hin zu bewegen.In an expedient embodiment, the piezoelectric actuator unit is mechanically connected to the coupler cylinder, in particular rigidly connected, so that a change in length of the piezoelectric actuator unit causes a displacement of the coupler cylinder along a longitudinal axis. By means of the fluid contained in the coupler volume so an axial force on the coupler piston is transferable, which this transmits by means of its positive contact as an actuating force on the valve needle to move the valve needle from the closed position to an open position.
Bei diesem Piezo-Injektor wird demnach eine Auffüllung des Kopplervolumens durch die Durchgangsöffnung im Kopplerkolben dann ermöglicht, wenn die Düsennadel von der Unterseite des Kopplerkolbens abgehoben ist und die Durchgangsöffnung somit freigibt. Dies ist typischerweise nach dem Einspritz-Ende der Fall, wobei die Kompensatorfeder unter Berücksichtigung der druckbeaufschlagten Fläche am Kolben derart schwach ausgelegt ist, dass ein solcher Zustand mit niedriger Kraft zwischen Kolben und Düsennadel nach dem Einspritz-Ende eintritt. Da während der Dauer der Einspritzung eine Leckage von Kraftstoff aus dem Kopplervolumen aufgetreten ist, hat sich der axiale Abstand zwischen dem Kopplerkolben und Kopplerzylinder - insbesondere der Abstand zwischen der Oberseite des Kopplerkolbens und dem Boden des Kopplerzylinders - verringert, so dass ein axialer Spalt zwischen der Düsennadel und dem Kopplerkolben entsteht. Der Begriff "axial" bezieht sich dabei insbesondere auf die gemeinsame Längsachse von Kopplerzylinder, Kopplerkolben und Düsennadel. Die Nadel ist somit von dem Kopplerkolben abgehoben. Das Zuströmen von Kraftstoff in das Kopplervolumen kann erfolgen.In this piezo injector therefore a replenishment of the coupler volume through the through hole in the coupler piston is then enabled when the nozzle needle is lifted from the underside of the coupler piston and thus releases the through hole. This is typically the case after the injection end, wherein the compensator spring is designed to be so weak considering the pressurized area on the piston that such a low force state occurs between the piston and the nozzle needle after the injection end. Since a leakage of fuel from the coupler volume has occurred during the duration of the injection, the axial distance between the coupler piston and coupler cylinder - in particular the distance between the top of the coupler piston and the bottom of the coupler cylinder - has decreased, so that an axial gap between the coupler cylinder Nozzle needle and the coupler piston is created. The term "axial" refers in particular to the common longitudinal axis of the coupler cylinder, coupler piston and nozzle needle. The needle is thus lifted from the coupler piston. The inflow of fuel into the coupler volume may occur.
Es findet demnach nach Einspritz-Ende ein schneller Druckausgleich im Kopplervolumen statt. Demzufolge ist die Funktion der hydraulischen Kopplereinheit nicht mehr abhängig vom zeitlichen Abstand zwischen den Einspritzungen, sondern steht sehr schnell wieder zur Verfügung. Zudem verbessert die Durchgangsöffnung im Kopplerkolben die Befüllbarkeit des Kopplervolumens nach der Erstmontage oder im Servicefall nach einem Wechsel des Injektors. Die hydraulische Kopplereinheit ist insbesondere im Düsenkörper angeordnet und das Kopplervolumen ist mittels des durch den Düsenkörper zum Kraftstoffauslass strömenden Kraftstoffs befüllbar.Accordingly, there is a rapid pressure equalization in the coupler volume after the injection end. As a result, the function of the hydraulic coupler unit is no longer dependent on the time interval between the injections, but is very quickly available again. In addition, the passage opening in the coupler piston improves the fillability of the coupler volume after the initial assembly or in case of service after a change of the injector. The hydraulic coupler unit is arranged in particular in the nozzle body and the coupler volume can be filled by means of the fuel flowing through the nozzle body to the fuel outlet.
Trotz eines geringen Paarungsspiels, das einen konstanten Nadelhub über eine Ansteuerzeit von bis zu 5 ms ermöglicht, kann der Druckausgleich im Kopplervolumen somit schnell erfolgen. Unter dem Paarungsspiel wird im vorliegenden Zusammenhang insbesondere das laterale Paarungsspiel - insbesondere zwischen einer umlaufenden Seitenwand des Kopplerzylinders und der Außenfläche des Kopplerkolbens verstanden.Despite a small mating clearance, which allows a constant needle stroke over a drive time of up to 5 ms, the pressure compensation in the coupler volume can thus be done quickly. In the present context, the pairing game is understood to be, in particular, the lateral mating play - in particular between a circumferential side wall of the coupler cylinder and the outer surface of the coupler piston.
Unter einer Berührungsfläche des Kopplerkolbens mit der Düsennadel wird hier und im Folgenden eine Fläche auf der Oberfläche des Kopplerkolbens, insbesondere auf seiner der Düsennadel zugewandten Unterseite, verstanden, die durch die Düsennadel kontaktiert wird. Abhängig von der Geometrie des Kopplerkolbens und der Düsennadel kann die Berührung auch entlang einer Linie, insbesondere einer Kreislinie, erfolgen, so dass sich eine Dichtkante zwischen dem Kopplerkolben und der Düsennadel ausbildet. Unter der Berührungsfläche wird dann die durch diese Linie umschlossene Oberfläche des Kopplerkolbens verstanden.A contact surface of the coupler piston with the nozzle needle is understood here and below to mean a surface on the surface of the coupler piston, in particular on its underside facing the nozzle needle, which is contacted by the nozzle needle. Depending on the geometry of the coupler piston and the nozzle needle, the contact can also take place along a line, in particular a circular line, so that a sealing edge is formed between the coupler piston and the nozzle needle. The contact surface is then understood to be the surface of the coupler piston enclosed by this line.
Die Durchgangsöffnung im Kopplerkolben ist typischerweise vollständig durch die Düsennadel abdichtbar. Die Durchgangsöffnung bildet somit zusammen mit der Düsennadel ein Ventil, das öffnet, wenn durch die Leckage von Kraftstoff aus dem Kopplervolumen am Einspritzend ein Spalt zwischen Kopplerkolben und Düsennadel bestehen bleibt.The passage opening in the coupler piston is typically completely sealable by the nozzle needle. The passage opening thus forms, together with the nozzle needle, a valve which opens when a gap between the coupler piston and the nozzle needle remains due to the leakage of fuel from the coupler volume at the injection end.
Zur Ausgestaltung der Geometrie von Kopplerkolben und Stirnseite der Düsennadel gibt es zahlreiche Möglichkeiten. Insbesondere können die Berührungsfläche und die Stirnseite der Düsennadel eben, konvex oder konkav ausgebildet sein. Diese verschiedenen Arten der Ausbildung und insbesondere ihre Kombination beeinflussen das Einströmverhalten von Kraftstoff.There are numerous possibilities for designing the geometry of the coupler piston and the end face of the nozzle needle. In particular, the contact surface and the end face of the nozzle needle may be flat, convex or concave. These different types of training and in particular their combination affect the inflow behavior of fuel.
Insbesondere kann über den Durchmesser einer Dichtkante zwischen Kolben und Düsennadel die zum Druckausgleich zur Verfügung stehende radiale Strömungsfläche unabhängig vom Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnung selbst vergrößert oder verkleinert werden. Zudem ist es möglich, durch eine geeignete Ausgestaltung der Berührungsflächen zwischen Düsennadel und Kolben eine Zentrierung und/oder einen Winkelausgleich beider Bauteile zueinander zu ermöglichen.In particular, over the diameter of a sealing edge between the piston and the nozzle needle, the radial flow area available for pressure compensation can be increased or decreased independently of the diameter of the passage opening itself. In addition, it is possible to enable a centering and / or an angle compensation of the two components relative to one another by a suitable design of the contact surfaces between the nozzle needle and the piston.
Eine eben ausgebildete Berührungsfläche und eine eben ausgebildete Stirnseite der Düsennadel haben den Vorteil, dass die Herstellung besonders einfach ist. Eine konkav ausgebildete Berührungsfläche zusammen mit einer konvex ausgebildeten Stirnseite oder umgekehrt eine konvex ausgebildete Berührungsfläche im Zusammenhang mit einer konkav ausgebildeten Stirnseite hat den Vorteil, dass eine Zentrierung von Kopplerkolben und Düsennadel erfolgt.A newly formed contact surface and a newly formed end face of the nozzle needle have the advantage that the production is particularly simple. A concave contact surface together with a convex end face or vice versa a convex contact surface in connection with a concave end face has the advantage that a centering of the coupler piston and the nozzle needle takes place.
Die Stirnseite und/oder die Berührungsfläche kann insbesondere sphärisch oder konisch ausgebildet sein.The front side and / or the contact surface may be formed in particular spherical or conical.
Die Düsennadel ist insbesondere nach außen öffnend ausgebildet. Dazu kann der Nadelsitz der Düsennadel als Kegelmantelfläche ausgebildet sein, die im Düsenkörper gegen eine Hohlkegelfläche gedrückt wird, so dass eine Dichtfunktion erzielt wird.The nozzle needle is in particular designed to open outward. For this purpose, the needle seat of the nozzle needle may be formed as a conical surface, which is pressed in the nozzle body against a hollow cone surface, so that a sealing function is achieved.
In einer Ausführungsform ist in der hydraulischen Kopplereinheit zwischen Kopplerzylinder und dem Kopplervolumen ein Kraftstofffilm mit einer Dicke im Bereich von 0,01 mm bis 0,7 mm angeordnet. Der Kraftstoffilm stellt insbesondere das Kopplervolumen dar. Der Krafstofffilm ist insbesondere zwischen der Oberseite des Kopplerkolbens und dem Boden des Kopplerzylinders angeordnet. Die Dicke des Kraftstofffilms wird so klein wie möglich gewählt, so dass der hydraulische Koppler eine möglichst große Steifigkeit aufweist. Die minimale Dicke der Schicht wird bestimmt durch die erforderlichen Montagetoleranzen und die Längenänderungsunterschiede zwischen dem piezo-elektrischen Aktuator und dem Injektorkörper bei Temperaturänderung infolge der unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten zwischen dem piezo-elektrischen Aktuator und dem Material des Injektorkörpers, insbesondere Stahl.In one embodiment, a fuel film having a thickness in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.7 mm is disposed in the hydraulic coupler unit between the coupler cylinder and the coupler volume. The fuel film is in particular the coupler volume. The fuel film is in particular between the top of the coupler piston and the bottom of the Coupling cylinder arranged. The thickness of the fuel film is chosen as small as possible, so that the hydraulic coupler has the greatest possible rigidity. The minimum thickness of the layer is determined by the required mounting tolerances and the changes in length between the piezoelectric actuator and the injector body with temperature change due to the different thermal expansion coefficients between the piezoelectric actuator and the material of the injector body, in particular steel.
In einer Ausführungsform beträgt das Paarungsspiel - insbesondere das laterale Paarungsspiel - zwischen Kopplerzylinder und Kopplerkolben höchstens 10 µm, insbesondere höchstens 2 µm. Mit einem derart geringen Paarungsspiel ist sichergestellt, dass die hydraulische Kopplereinheit den Nadelhub über eine Ansteuerzeit von bis zu 5 ms nahezu konstant hält.In one embodiment, the mating clearance - in particular the lateral mating clearance - between the coupler cylinder and the coupler piston is at most 10 μm, in particular at most 2 μm. With such a small mating clearance it is ensured that the hydraulic coupler unit keeps the needle stroke almost constant over a drive time of up to 5 ms.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand von schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert.
- Figur 1
- zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Piezo-Injektor gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Figur 2- zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Piezo-Injektor gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Figur 3- zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Piezo-Injektor gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Figur 4- zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Piezo-Injektor gemäß einer vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Figur 5- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer fünften Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Figur 6
- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer sechsten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Figur 7
- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer siebten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Figur 8
- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer achten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Figur 9- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer neunten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Figur 10
- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer zehnten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
Figur 11- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer elften Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Figur 12
- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer zwölften Ausführungsform der Erfindung und
Figur 13- zeigt ein Detail eines Piezo-Injektors gemäß einer dreizehnten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
- FIG. 1
- shows a longitudinal section through a piezo injector according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 2
- shows a longitudinal section through a piezo injector according to a second embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 3
- shows a longitudinal section through a piezo injector according to a third embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 4
- shows a longitudinal section through a piezo injector according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 5
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 6
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 7
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 8
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to an eighth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 9
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to a ninth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 10
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to a tenth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 11
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to an eleventh embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 12
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to a twelfth embodiment of the invention and
- FIG. 13
- shows a detail of a piezo injector according to a thirteenth embodiment of the invention.
Der Piezo-Injektor 1 gemäß
Die Düsennadel 5 ist Teil der Düseneinheit 3 und ist in einem Düsenkörper 7 entlang einer Längsachse des Piezo-Injektors beweglich.The
Die Betätigung der Düsennadel 5 erfolgt mittels einer piezo-elektrischen Aktuatoreinheit 9, die in bekannter Weise die Längenänderung eines Stapels aus piezo-elektrischen Keramikscheiben nutzt: Durch Anlegen einer Spannung wird eine Längenausdehnung des Stapels aus piezo-elektrischen Keramikscheiben bewirkt, die eine Verschiebung des Kopplerzylinders 15 in Richtung des Kopplerkolbens 13 bewirkt.The actuation of the
Die Übertragung der Kraft von der Aktuatoreinheit 9 auf die Düsennadel 5 erfolgt mittels einer hydraulischen Kopplereinheit 11. Die Kopplereinheit 11 umfasst den Kopplerkolben 13, der in dem Kopplerzylinder 15 entlang der Längsachse des Piezo-Injektors 1 beweglich gelagert ist. Der Kopplerkolben 13 wird mittels der Kopplerfeder 17 gegen eine dem Kopplerkolben 13 zugewandte Stirnseite 23 der Düsennadel 5 gedrückt. Auf diese Weise wird eine praktisch spielfreie Kraftübertragung von der piezo-elektrischen Aktuatoreinheit 9 über die hydraulische Kopplereinheit 11 auf die Düsennadel 5 gewährleistet: Zwischen dem Kopplerkolben 13 und dem Kopplerzylinder 15 ist ein Kraftstoffvolumen - das Kopplervolumen - abgeordnet, das wegen des sehr geringen Spiels nicht entweichen kann, wenn er durch eine Bewegung des Kopplerzylinders 15 verdrängt wird. Daher folgt der Kopplerkolben 13 der Bewegung des Kopplerzylinders 15 und drückt die Düsennadel 5 aus ihren Dichtsitz.The transmission of the force from the
Da zur Betätigung der Düsennadel 5 die Kraftresultierende aus Düsenfederkraft, Druckkraft auf den Dichtsitzdurchmesser und Kopplerfederkraft überwunden werden muss, ist der Druck im Kopplervolumen anschließend nicht mehr gleich dem Druck im Injektor, sondern übersteigt diesen. Daher würde es vor allem bei längeren Ansteuerdauern zu einer Fluidleckage vom Kopplervolumen in das umgebende Injektorvolumen kommen, so dass der Kopplerkolben 13 in Richtung des Kopplervolumens einsinken würde. Die Düsennadel 5 würde dieser Bewegung folgen. Die Fluidleckage und das Einsinken kann durch einen möglichst kleinen Dichtspalt zwischen Kopplerkolben 13 und Kopplerzylinder 15 reduziert werden.Since the force resulting from nozzle spring force, pressure force on the sealing seat diameter and Kopplerfederkraft must be overcome to actuate the
Am Ende einer Einspritzung wird die piezo-elektrische Aktuatoreinheit 9 entladen und der Stapel aus piezo-elektrischen Keramikscheiben verkürzt sich wieder auf seine Ausgangslänge. Der Kopplerzylinder 15 folgt dieser Bewegung. Das durch den kleinen Dichtspalt isolierte Kopplervolumen kann sich nicht vergrößern, so dass der Kopplerkolben 13 der Bewegung des Kopplerzylilnders 15 folgt.At the end of an injection, the
Da nun auf die Oberseite der Düsennadel 5 keine Betätigungskraft mehr wirkt, folgt die Düsennadel 5 ebenfalls der Rückwärtsbewegung und gelangt zurück auf ihren Dichtsitz.Since now no actuating force acts on the top of the
Da während der Dauer der Einspritzung wie oben beschrieben eine Leckage aus dem Kopplervolumen aufgetreten ist, hat sich der axiale Abstand zwischen Kopplerkolben 13 und Kopplerzylinder 15 verringert. Somit wird die Ausgangssituation, in der die Düsennadel 5 und der Kopplerkolben 13 miteinander in Kontakt stehen, nicht wieder erreicht. Vielmehr bleibt ein axialer Spalt zwischen diesen beiden Bauteilen bestehen. Dieser Spalt wird, wie im Folgenden beschrieben, zusammen mit einer Durchgangsöffnung durch den Kopplerkolben 13 zur Wiederbefüllung des Kopplervolumens genutzt. Ansonsten wäre eine Wiederbefüllung ausschließlich durch den Dichtspalt möglich, der aber aus den genannten Gründen möglichst klein ausgeführt wird. Es würde somit deutlich mehr Zeit vergehen, bis das Kopplervolumen wieder soweit aufgefüllt wäre, dass Kopplerkolben 13 und Düsennadel 5 wieder in Kontakt miteinander stehen.Since leakage from the coupler volume has occurred during the duration of the injection as described above the axial distance between the
Der Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Kopplerkolben 13 und der Düsennadel 5 ist in der rechten Hälfte von
Im Betrieb öffnet der Piezo-Injektor für eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung nach außen, indem die Düsennadel 5 durch die Aktuatoreinheit 9 betätigt wird. Dabei erfolgt die Kraftübertragung von der Aktuatoreinheit 9 auf die Düsennadel 5 mittels der hydraulischen Kopplereinheit 11. Dazu befindet sich zwischen der Oberseite 26 des Kopplerkolbens 13 und dem Kopplerzylinder 15 eine dünne Kraftstoffschicht mit einer Dicke zwischen 0,05 mm und 0,3 mm.In operation, the piezo injector for fuel injection opens to the outside by the
Mittels der Kraftstoffschicht wird eine Kraft von der am Kopplerzylinder 15 angreifenden Aktoreinheit 9 hydraulisch auf den Kopperkolben 13 übertragen. Dieser überträgt mittels der formschlüssigen Verbindung seiner Berührungsfläche 21 mit der Stirnseite 23 der Düsennadel 5 die auf ihn übertragene Kraft an die Düsennadel 5 weiter.By means of the fuel layer, a force is transmitted from the acting on the
Wenn die durch die Aktuatoreinheit 9 bereitgestellte Kraft auf die Düsennadel 5 die durch die Düsenfeder 19 bereitgestellte Schließkraft übersteigt, wird die Düsennadel 5 nach unten bewegt und der Piezo-Injektor 1 öffnet nach außen. Kraftstoff strömt durch den Kraftstoffauslass 4 nach draußen. Während dieser Öffnungsphase steigt der Druck im Kopplervolumen aufgrund der durch den Kopplerzylinder 15 ausgeübten Kraft an.When the force provided to the
In der anschließenden Schließphase des Piezo-Injektors geht die durch die Aktuatoreinheit 9 bereitgestellte Kraft auf Null zurück. Die Düsenfeder 19 drückt die Düsennadel 5 zurück nach oben in ihre Schließposition. Da die Kopplerfeder 17 ausreichend schwach ausgelegt ist, kommt es nach Einspritzende zu einem Spalt zwischen dem Kopplerzylinder 15 und dem Kopplerkolben 13. Der Kopplerkolben 13 ist von der Düsennadel 5 abgehoben. Die Durchgangsöffnung 25 wird dadurch freigegeben und Kraftstoff kann aus dem Kraftstoffvolumen innerhalb des Piezo-Injektors 1 in das Kopplervolumen zwischen Kopplerzylinder 15 und Kopplerkolben 13 einströmen.In the subsequent closing phase of the piezo injector, the force provided by the
Wenn das Kopplervolumen wieder befüllt ist, schließt sich der Spalt und der Kopplerkolben 13 wird aufgrund der durch die Kopplerfeder 17 ausgeübten Kraft wieder auf die Stirnseite 23 der Düsennadel 5 gepresst und die Durchgangsöffnung 25 wird durch die Düsennadel 5 verschlossen.When the coupler volume is refilled, the gap closes and the
Bei dieser Ausführungsform besteht ein Kontakt zwischen der konvexen Stirnseite 23 und dem Kopplerkolben 13 mit seiner ebenen Unterseite 28 lediglich in einem ringförmigen Bereich um die Durchgangsöffnung 25 herum. Bei dieser Ausführungsform kann eine gewisse Zentrierung der Düsennadel 5 in Bezug auf die Durchgangsöffnung 25 erfolgen.In this embodiment, a contact between the
Es könnten auch beide Flächen sphärisch oder konisch ausgebildet sein. Über eine Variation des Berührungsdurchmessers lässt sich der radiale Befüllspalt einstellen.Both surfaces could also be spherical or conical. Via a variation of the contact diameter, the radial filling gap can be adjusted.
Mit dieser Ausführungsform wird eine gute Zentrierung der Düsennadel 5 in Bezug auf die Durchgangsöffnung 25 und damit auch in Bezug auf den Kopplerkolben 13 bewirkt.With this embodiment, a good centering of the
Die
Gemäß der achten Ausführungsform gemäß
Gemäß der neunten Ausführungsform gemäß
Gemäß der zehnten Ausführungsform gemäß
Die
Gemäß der elften Ausführungsform gemäß
Gemäß der zwölften Ausführungsform gemäß
Gemäß der dreizehnten Ausführungsform gemäß
Die einzelnen Ausführungsformen unterscheiden sich somit lediglich durch die Geometrie der Berührungsfläche 21 des Kopplerkolbens 13 sowie der Stirnseite 23 der Düsennadel 5. Mit den unterschiedlichen Geometrien können die für den Druckausgleich zur Verfügung stehenden radialen Strömungsflächen an die Erfordernisse angepasst werden. Zudem kann nach Bedarf eine Zentrierung und/oder ein Winkelausgleich von Düsennadel und Kopplerkolben zueinander ermöglicht werden.The individual embodiments thus differ only by the geometry of the
Claims (12)
- Piezo injector (1) for fuel injection, having- a nozzle unit (3) with a nozzle needle (5) arranged movably in a nozzle body (7);- a piezoelectric actuator unit (9);- a hydraulic coupler unit (11) for coupling the nozzle unit (3) to the actuator unit (9), which coupler unit has a coupler piston (13), a coupler cylinder (15) and a coupler spring (17), wherein the coupler piston (13) has a top side (26) facing toward the coupler cylinder (15) and has a bottom side (28) facing toward the nozzle needle (5), wherein, at the side averted from the nozzle needle (5), the coupler cylinder (15) has a base, and a couple a volume is formed between the base of the coupler cylinder (15) and the top side (26) of the coupler piston (13), wherein the coupler piston (13) is pushed by the coupler spring (17) against a face side (23), facing toward the bottom side (28) of the coupler piston (13), of the nozzle needle (5) and has a contact area (21) with the nozzle needle (5),characterized in that
the coupler piston (13) has a passage opening (25) which provides a flow connection from the bottom side (28) of said coupler piston to the top side (26) of said coupler piston and which is arranged within the contact area (21) with the nozzle needle (5) . - Piezo injector (1) according to the preceding claim,
wherein the passage opening (25) extends through the coupler piston (13) from a mouth at the top side (26) to a mouth at the bottom side (28), and the mouth of the passage opening (25) arranged at the bottom side (28) can be closed off by means of the face side (23) of the nozzle needle (5). - Piezo injector (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the passage opening (25) can be fully sealed off by the nozzle needle (5). - Piezo injector (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the contact area (21) is of planar form. - Piezo injector (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
wherein the contact area (21) is of concave or convex form. - Piezo injector (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the face side (23), facing toward the bottom side (28) of the coupler piston, of the nozzle needle (5) is of planar form. - Piezo injector (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
wherein the face side (23), facing toward the bottom side (28) of the coupler piston, of the nozzle needle (5) is of convex or concave form. - Piezo injector (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the face side (23) and/or the contact area (21) is of spherical form. - Piezo injector (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the face side (23) and/or the contact area (21) is of conical form. - Piezo injector (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the nozzle needle (5) is of outwardly opening design. - Piezo injector (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein, in the hydraulic coupler unit (11), a fuel film with a thickness in the range from 0.01 mm to 0.7 mm is arranged, for the purposes of force transmission, between the coupler cylinder (15) and the coupler piston (13). - Piezo injector (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein a lateral pairing clearance between coupler cylinder (15) and coupler piston (13) amounts to at most 10 µm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015219912.6A DE102015219912B3 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2015-10-14 | Piezo injector for fuel injection |
PCT/EP2016/074182 WO2017063988A1 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-10-10 | Piezoelectric injector for fuel injection |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3362671A1 EP3362671A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
EP3362671B1 true EP3362671B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
EP3362671B8 EP3362671B8 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
Family
ID=57124009
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16779084.9A Active EP3362671B8 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-10-10 | Piezoelectric injector for fuel injection |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180298861A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3362671B8 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102082589B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108138716A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015219912B3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017063988A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101940563B1 (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-01-22 | 주식회사 로보프린트 | Method for processing image, method for automatically printing image and nozzle for automatic printing apparatus |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5860597A (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1999-01-19 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Injection rate shaping nozzle assembly for a fuel injector |
DE19821768C2 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2000-09-07 | Siemens Ag | Dosing device and dosing method |
GB9811649D0 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1998-07-29 | Lucas Ind Plc | Fuel injector |
GB9925753D0 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 1999-12-29 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Fuel injector |
DE60104906T2 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2005-01-05 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation, Auburn Hills | MAGNETOHYDRAULIC BALANCING DEVICE FOR FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE |
DE10133265A1 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator, has hydraulic coupling valve closure body and seat surface urged pressed together by spring |
DE10145620B4 (en) * | 2001-09-15 | 2006-03-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Valve for controlling fluids |
DE10148594A1 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve has corrugated tube around guide sleeve with sealed connections to pistons that seals storage chamber for hydraulic fluid with respect to enclosing fuel chamber |
DE10360450A1 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injection valve with a piezoelectric or magnetorestrictive actuator for a combustion engine has hydraulic coupling with flexible section having a restricted outer expansion |
DE10344061A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-04-28 | Siemens Ag | Injection valve with a hydraulic compensation element |
DE102005009148A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector with direct-acting injection valve member with double seat |
DE102005040912A1 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | injection |
EP1811167A1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-25 | Siemens VDO Automotive S.p.A. | Injector, compensation assembly for the injector, and relieving device for the compensation assembly and method of assembling and calibrating the injector |
US7665445B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2010-02-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Motion coupler for a piezoelectric actuator |
DE102011079468A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-24 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | piezoinjector |
DE102012219867A1 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector with piezo actuator |
DE102013219225A1 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-26 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Piezo injector for direct fuel injection |
-
2015
- 2015-10-14 DE DE102015219912.6A patent/DE102015219912B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-10-10 EP EP16779084.9A patent/EP3362671B8/en active Active
- 2016-10-10 CN CN201680060312.9A patent/CN108138716A/en active Pending
- 2016-10-10 WO PCT/EP2016/074182 patent/WO2017063988A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-10-10 US US15/767,449 patent/US20180298861A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-10-10 KR KR1020187013535A patent/KR102082589B1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102082589B1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
CN108138716A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
KR20180063894A (en) | 2018-06-12 |
EP3362671B8 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
US20180298861A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
WO2017063988A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
EP3362671A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
DE102015219912B3 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
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