EP3359442A1 - Dispositif pour vélocipède à pédalage assisté et roue - Google Patents

Dispositif pour vélocipède à pédalage assisté et roue

Info

Publication number
EP3359442A1
EP3359442A1 EP16797639.8A EP16797639A EP3359442A1 EP 3359442 A1 EP3359442 A1 EP 3359442A1 EP 16797639 A EP16797639 A EP 16797639A EP 3359442 A1 EP3359442 A1 EP 3359442A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
velocipede
electric motor
power
wheel
control unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16797639.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Samuela DE GIACOMI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Drake SRL
Original Assignee
Drake SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Drake SRL filed Critical Drake SRL
Publication of EP3359442A1 publication Critical patent/EP3359442A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • B62M6/65—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts with axle and driving shaft arranged coaxially

Definitions

  • This invention pertains, in general, to the sector of pedal-assisted velocipedes.
  • the invention relates to a device for pedal-assisted velocipede and a wheel associated with that device.
  • pedal-assisted velocipedes are equipped with an electric motor that acts as an aid delivering mechanical power during pedalling.
  • the electric motor is housed in correspondence of the hub of the wheel and the electric power supply for such a motor is provided by a battery pack placed on the bicycle frame.
  • the battery and the motor are connected in a separate manner respectively to the frame and the wheel. Since the battery pack is generally bulky and heavy, it is necessary to place this battery pack either on the oblique tube, vertical tube or rear rack, compromising the aesthetics and weight of the bicycle.
  • the electric motor traditionally installed on pedal-assisted bicycles has a predefined maximum rated output (for example 250 watts according to current European directives and the traffic laws in Italy) , which must be cut-off when the vehicle reaches 25 km/h or the cyclist stops pedalling.
  • a predefined maximum rated output for example 250 watts according to current European directives and the traffic laws in Italy
  • the purpose of this invention is to overcome the above limitations of the known technique by means of improved charging and duration of the battery pack, while at the same time ensuring simple installation and easy use on conventional bicycles, without compromising the aesthetics of the bicycle.
  • this purpose is achieved by a device for pedal-assisted velocipede according to claim 1 and by a wheel for velocipedes according to claim 13.
  • Figure 1 shows a device for pedal-assisted velocipedes according to an embodiment of this invention mounted on the front wheel of a bicycle;
  • FIG. 2 shows a device for pedal-assisted velocipedes according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of the device for pedal-assisted velocipedes according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the intermediate holder element and the batteries in position of pre- insertion in seats formed on the intermediate holder element, according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a functional block diagram of the device for pedal-assisted velocipedes according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • reference number 1 indicates, in its entirety, a device for pedal-assisted velocipede 1, for example for a bicycle or rickshaw, or for a four-wheel bicycle (used especially in sea-side resorts), or for a scooter, or a light three-wheeled wagon and similar.
  • This device 1 is suitable to be associated with a wheel 2 of the velocipede 4 and comprises an electric energy storage unit 5 and an electric motor 7, having a maximum rated power Pn.
  • This rated power Pn is preferably less than 5 kW and even more preferably is equal to 1000W or 1500W.
  • the term associated means that the device is operatively connected to the wheel so as to transfer mechanical power to the wheel and, even more preferably, it means that the device is incorporated in the wheel.
  • the electric motor preferably a brushless electric motor, comprises a stator 71 associable to a frame portion 6 of the velocipede 4 and a rotor 72 is associable to the wheel 2 of the velocipede.
  • the rotor 72 is mechanically associated to the wheel 2 by means of spokes that connect the rim of the wheel 2 to the rotor 72 itself.
  • the device 1 is associated to the front wheel of the velocipede. In this way, installation operations on any conventional bicycle are far easier, since the driver does not have to work on the bicycle chain.
  • the device is also associable to the rear wheel and, in this case, the propulsion pedals assembly 8 of the velocipede is associated to the rotor by means of motion transmission means 10, such as a chain pinion system, preferably also provided with a free wheel system.
  • the electric motor 7 is operable in two modes: as a motor to deliver mechanical power, Pm, to the wheel and/or as a dynamo for the accumulation of electrical energy Pe in the storage unit 5.
  • the device for velocipede 1 also comprises a device for limiting the power deliverable by the electric motor 7, suitable to limit the power supplied by the motor to a limited power L, when used as a motor.
  • This limited power L is less than the maximum rated power Pn of the electric motor, and preferably is equal to the maximum power allowed by law for this type of velocipede, for example 250W in Italy.
  • the limited power L is none other than the maximum mechanical power deliverable by the motor (Max(Pm)) once the limitation device is enabled.
  • the limitation device of the deliverable mechanical power comprises for example a limitation control of the deliverable power from a drive unit 150 connected upstream of the electric motor, or an activatable/deactivatable physical device that limits the power delivered by the electric motor, for example a specific PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control for a brushless electric motor or a dedicated electronic circuit .
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the limitation device of the deliverable mechanical power can be always enabled during the mechanical power dispensing phase, in order to ensure that the maximum mechanical power deliverable by the motor is not exceeded.
  • the electric motor 7 when functioning as a dynamo, generates an electric power, Pe, greater than the value of the limited power L and less than or equal to the maximum rated power Pn.
  • the deliverable mechanical power is limited (limited power L) to a value less than the maximum rated power Pn
  • the electric motor is also able to generate an electric power Pe greater than the maximum generatable mechanical power Pm, but less than or equal to the maximum rated power Pn of the motor.
  • the device includes an outer casing suitable to be integral to the rim of the wheel 2 and the rotor 72 of the electric motor 7.
  • the outer casing is constituted by a plurality of parts joined together by suitable fastening means and encloses the electrical energy storage unit 5, the electric motor 7, the limitation device, and a device to manage the storage of electrical energy in the storage unit.
  • the outer casing is constituted by two closure elements 11a and lib, for example in the form of a disc convex towards the outside, and by the rotor 72 itself.
  • the two closure elements 11a, lib and the rotor 72 are joined together for example by means of suitable fixing screws 12 and, once joined like a "sandwich", also serve as protection against the weather or dirt, preventing their entry inside the region where the stator 71 is housed.
  • each of the two closure elements 11a, lib and the rotor 72 are interposed spacer rings 110,111,112. These spacer rings allow varying the space enclosed in the casing, thus allowing obtaining more or less space depending on the size of the energy storage unit to be housed.
  • spacer rings 110,111 on one of the two sides of the rotor 72 and a spacer ring 112 on the other side of the rotor 72 in the axial rotation direction X.
  • the device for pedal-assisted velocipedes 1 is installed at the centre of the wheel 2 of the velocipede in such a way that the outer casing of the device is constrained to the rim 2a of the wheel 2 and that the stator 5 of the electric motor 7 is connected to the frame portion 6 of the velocipede by means of the hub axle 9, integral with the stator 5.
  • the outer casing is constrained to the rim 2a by suitable spokes that radiate from the rim and engage perimeter holes 115 of the outer casing, arranged radially and circumferentially spaced in proximity of the outer edge 116 of the closure elements 11a, lib.
  • the outer casing is rotatable around the stator and is swivellingly coupled with the hub axle 9 by means of bearings housed in suitable bearing seats 91,92.
  • the electric motor 7 is a brushless electric motor, for example a rotary motor wherein the rotor 72 is provided with permanent magnets and the stator 71 comprises a plurality of windings arranged along a ring, circumferentially spaced and activatable in such a way as to allow the rotation of the rotor around the stator.
  • the electrical energy storage unit 5 is for example arranged internally to the stator in the radial direction that goes from the rotor 72 towards the hub axis 9 and comprises batteries 50 arranged around the rotation axis X of the electric motor 7.
  • Each battery is arranged so as to have its main extension axis S arranged substantially parallel to the rotation axis X of the electric motor.
  • the main extension axis coincides with the axis of the cylinder .
  • the storage unit 5 is a disc-shaped battery pack with a hole in the middle 51 for the free passage of the hub axis 9.
  • the battery pack is an assembly consisting of two closure discs 52, 53 each having battery seats 530 made on the inner face 52a, 53a of each of the two discs 52, 53 and suitable to house one of the two terminal portions 50a, 50b of the batteries 50.
  • the batteries 50 are arranged so as to form subgroups 50', 50'', spaced circumferentially from each other.
  • each subgroup includes 8 batteries and is spaced at least 1 cm from the other subgroup.
  • the space 55 present between the subgroups 50', 50'' allows the passage of support arms that connect the stator 71 to the hub axis 9.
  • this space 55 helps air circulation and heat dissipation, for example during charging.
  • each subgroup 50' 50'' is then associated a battery seat 530 on each inner face 52a, 53a of the two closure discs 52,53.
  • the electrical contacts between the individual batteries and/or between groups of batteries are provided by contact plates 56,56', suitably shaped to connect congruent poles of each battery and preferably arranged between the terminal portions of the batteries and the bottom 530' of the battery seats 530.
  • the battery pack comprises an intermediate holder element 500 interposed between the two closure discs 52,53 and of similar shape to those discs, but preferably of thickness smaller than or equal to the discs 52,53.
  • the intermediate holder element 500 similarly to the closure discs 52,53 through seats 501 are formed from side to side of the intermediate holder element 500, suitable to hold in position and support the intermediate region 50c of each battery.
  • a plurality of spacer elements 58a, 58b in the form of internally threaded cylinders are arranged between the two closure discs to serve as supporting pillars of the discs and are fixed to these discs by means of fastening screws 580.
  • the storage unit 5 is preferably positioned at the centre of the device 1 in the axial direction X.
  • the total thickness of the device for velocipedes 1 according to this invention, measured along the axial direction is comprised between 70 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 80 mm and 90 mm, even more preferably about 86 mm.
  • the maximum diameter D of the outer casing of the device 1 is comprised between 200 mm and 400 mm, preferably between 250 and 350 mm, still more preferably about 320 mm.
  • the device for velocipede 1 further comprises a processing and control unit 13, operatively connected to the electric motor 7 and adapted to control its activation.
  • the processing and control unit 13 is contained within the outer casing and is for example housed in a housing 13' formed on the storage unit.
  • the battery pack does not have the shape of an entire disc with hole in the centre, but has a wedge-shaped interruption (i.e., a housing 13' ) in the circular crown, inside which is housed the processing and control unit.
  • the device for velocipede 1 also comprises a detection device of the inclination the velocipede 132, operatively connected to the processing unit and control unit and suitable to detect the inclination of the velocipede in motion with respect to a given reference inclination.
  • the device for velocipede 1 is also provided with a torque detection device suitable to detect the torque of the electric motor 7.
  • this device is configured to detect the torque of the motor by measuring the current absorbed by the windings included in the motor, compared to the applied voltage and considering the typical torque curve of the motor in use.
  • the processing and control unit 13 is configured in such a way as to control the power delivery of the electric motor as a function of the torque detected by the torque detection device and/or as a function of the inclination detected by the inclination detection device.
  • the power delivery of the electric motor is regulated so as to maintain substantially constant the power that is requested by the rider of the velocipede, irrespective of the type of path he is confronting, for example a certain specific effort power W pre-set by the rider.
  • the mechanical power generated by the electric motor will be regulated according to the inclination of the path: when going uphill, the electric motor delivers a higher mechanical power with respect to a delivery power for a level path so as to maintain constant the pedalling effort of the rider.
  • the motor functions as a dynamo with a braking action such as to maintain constant the pedalling effort of the rider and simultaneously generate an electrical power suitable to charge the electrical energy storage unit.
  • the processing and control unit 13 comprises storage means configured to store a predetermined assistance percentage and/or a predetermined energy recovery percentage.
  • the specific effort power W is preferably a function of the stored predetermined assistance percentage.
  • the amount of electrical energy stored in the storage unit 5 is preferably a function of the predetermined energy recovery percentage. In this way, it is possible to set both the amount of effort and the amount of energy recovery (and thus downhill braking) .
  • the device for velocipede 1 further comprises a braking detection device 140, suitable to detect an index signal of the amount of braking set by the rider.
  • a braking detection device is preferably a special linear pressure sensor suitable for measuring the force applied by the hand to the brake lever .
  • this braking detection device is for example a distance sensor, suitable to measure the distance of the brake brushes with respect to the wheel rim, or is a linear sensor suitable for measuring a relative distance between the brake shoes.
  • the braking intensity thus acts in a proportional way on the energy recovery by the electric motor.
  • the braking detection device is operatively connected with the processing and control unit 13, for example by wireless communication means (preferably using the ANT+ communication protocol) and when an index signal of a braking amount set by the rider is detected, the processing and control unit 13 activates the electric motor 7 to operate in dynamo mode so as to exert a braking action on the wheel as a function of the index signal of the braking amount.
  • the electric motor is used as a regenerative brake. This advantageously allows recovering energy that would otherwise be dissipated as heat and saving wear on the brake brushes.
  • the device for a velocipede 1 further comprises a step-up converter (DC/DC) , suitable to raise the voltage generated by the electric motor at a low number of revolutions up to a predetermined charging voltage level, suitable to charge the storage unit.
  • DC/DC step-up converter
  • the device for a velocipede 1 further comprises a step-up converter (DC/DC) , suitable to raise the voltage generated by the electric motor at a low number of revolutions up to a predetermined charging voltage level, suitable to charge the storage unit.
  • DC/DC step-up converter
  • the batteries used are batteries with a nominal voltage of 3.6V connected in series to achieve a rated voltage of 36 volts.
  • the processing and control unit 13 includes a processor 130, preferably 32-bit, a processor for wireless communication 131, suitable to manage communication via Bluetooth, ANT+ and/or Wi-Fi protocols with other remote devices, a MEMS gyroscope 132 suitable to provide information about the inclination of the velocipede on at least three axes, a stabilised power management module 133, a module 134 for managing the charging/discharging of the batteries 50 (battery management system, BMS) and a module for identifying the state of motion/rest 135 of the velocipede.
  • a processor 130 preferably 32-bit
  • a processor for wireless communication 131 suitable to manage communication via Bluetooth, ANT+ and/or Wi-Fi protocols with other remote devices
  • MEMS gyroscope 132 suitable to provide information about the inclination of the velocipede on at least three axes
  • a stabilised power management module 133 suitable to provide information about the inclination of the velocipede on
  • the processing and control unit 13 also comprises wireless communication means 136, for example a Bluetooth module, or a Wi-Fi module and respective communication antennas, suitable to communicate remotely with a portable device 137, for example a smartphone, tablet or smartwatch .
  • wireless communication means 136 for example a Bluetooth module, or a Wi-Fi module and respective communication antennas, suitable to communicate remotely with a portable device 137, for example a smartphone, tablet or smartwatch .
  • the wireless communication means 136 are configured to also communicate remotely with the braking detection devices 140 and with a device for detecting the rotation speed of the wheel and/or of the electric motor and the pedalling cadence 141, to example an optical or magnetic encoder.
  • the processing and control unit is preferably connected with a motor driver unit 150, suitable to convert the signals processed and coming from the processing and control unit 13 into electrical currents of value adequate to the operation of the electric motor.
  • This motor driver unit can also be integrated on the same electronic card as the processing and control unit. The signals coming from the processing and control unit are therefore interpretable by the motor driver unit 150, which sends the adequate electrical signals to the electric motor.
  • the processing and control unit 13 is configured to receive a signal relating to the heart activity of the rider, for example by means of wireless communication with a heart rate monitor worn by the rider.
  • the processing and control unit is configured to regulate the power delivery of the electric motor as a function of this signal relating to heart activity .
  • the wireless communication protocol between the heart rate monitor and the processing and control unit is the ANT+ protocol.
  • the processing and control unit 13 when the processing and control unit 13 receives a cardiac activity signal comprised in a predefined range of values, for example between 90 and 130 beats per minute, it generates a signal suitable to adjust the motor power delivery so as to provide pedalling assistance as a function of the number of beats. Preferably, once a certain minimum or maximum number of heartbeats is reached, assistance by the electric motor is disabled. For example, below 90 beats per minute or above 130 beats per minute, the power delivered by the electric motor is interrupted, while for intermediate values, the power delivery is a function of cardiac activity, for example proportional to the number of beats.
  • the processing and control unit 13 when the velocipede is stopped for a given time interval, the processing and control unit 13 is activated in "sleep mode" mode for an indefinite time interval, in order to minimise consumption of battery charge.
  • the device according to this invention is substantially turned off.
  • the device When the operator starts pedalling, after a certain number of pedal revolutions detected by the rotation sensors of the motor (for example the device for detecting the rotation of the wheel speed and/or of the electric motor and the pedalling cadence 141), the device is automatically turned on.
  • the processor 130 is configured to manage the aforementioned phases of automatic turning on and off of the device 1 or an automatic turning-on device is specially configured to automatically turn on and enter the "sleep mode" of the pedal-assisted device for 1.
  • the device for velocipedes 1 described above is suitable to be mounted on a conventional bicycle wheel in order to then be easily installed on a standard bicycle frame.
  • the device for pedal-assisted velocipede ensures a faster and more efficient charging of the electrical energy storage device, thanks to the motor's ability to generate much more electrical power during charging with respect to the prior art devices.
  • the management of the automatic charging of the storage unit as a function of the inclination of the bicycle (for example when going downhill) or as a function of a power surplus during pedalling by the rider, further allows increasing the effectiveness and rapidity of charging.
  • the battery pack is enclosed inside the device positioned at the centre of the wheel and given the particular arrangement of the batteries with their axis parallel to the rotation axis of the wheel, the duration of the batteries is improved due to the ventilation generated by the rotary motion of the outer casing, which helps to dissipate the heat generated during recharging.
  • the use of the electric motor as a regenerative brake when the rider executes a braking of moderate intensity allows recovering further energy and thus increasing the rapidity and amount of charge of the battery pack.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour vélocipède à pédalage assisté (1) pouvant être associé à une roue (2) du vélocipède (4), comprenant une unité de stockage d'énergie électrique (5) et un moteur électrique (7) dans lequel le stator (71) peut être associé à une portion de cadre (6) du vélocipède et le rotor (72) peut être associé à la roue (2). Le moteur électrique (7) possède une puissance nominale maximale (Pn) et il peut être utilisé à la fois comme un moteur pour délivrer de l'énergie mécanique et comme une dynamo pour le stockage d'énergie électrique dans l'unité de stockage. Un dispositif de limitation limite la puissance pouvant être délivrée par le moteur à une puissance limitée (L) inférieure à la puissance nominale maximale (Pn). Lorsque le moteur électrique fonctionne en mode dynamo, il génère une puissance électrique supérieure par rapport à la valeur de la puissance limitée (L) et inférieure ou égale à la puissance nominale maximale (Pn).
EP16797639.8A 2015-10-05 2016-10-04 Dispositif pour vélocipède à pédalage assisté et roue Withdrawn EP3359442A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUB2015A004183A ITUB20154183A1 (it) 2015-10-05 2015-10-05 Dispositivo per velocipede a pedalata assistita e ruota
PCT/IB2016/055922 WO2017060812A1 (fr) 2015-10-05 2016-10-04 Dispositif pour vélocipède à pédalage assisté et roue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3359442A1 true EP3359442A1 (fr) 2018-08-15

Family

ID=55237764

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16797639.8A Withdrawn EP3359442A1 (fr) 2015-10-05 2016-10-04 Dispositif pour vélocipède à pédalage assisté et roue

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3359442A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITUB20154183A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017060812A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107215424B (zh) * 2017-05-23 2020-06-30 河北工业大学 一种自动蓄能助力自行车
IT202100015737A1 (it) * 2021-06-16 2022-12-16 Tibi Optima Sagl Ruota accumulatore elettrico per veicolo elettrico a propulsione umana
IT202200019470A1 (it) * 2022-09-22 2024-03-22 Renergetica Spa Sistema di propulsione di biciclette e metodo di assistenza alla pedalata di una bicicletta

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7828101B2 (en) * 2002-12-03 2010-11-09 Radtke Jeffrey L Self-propelled wheel for bicycles and similar vehicles
WO2010077300A2 (fr) * 2008-12-15 2010-07-08 I2C Catalyst Partners Bicyclette électrique
KR20110064759A (ko) * 2009-12-09 2011-06-15 장석호 발전 겸용 전동수단을 갖는 자전거용 바퀴
ITMI20120260A1 (it) * 2012-02-22 2013-08-23 Milano Politecnico Bicicletta a pedalata assistita e metodo per il controllo di una bicicletta a pedalata assistita
FR3014408B1 (fr) * 2013-12-10 2017-06-09 France Col Tech Roue electrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITUB20154183A1 (it) 2017-04-05
WO2017060812A1 (fr) 2017-04-13

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